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Simmons D, Gupta Y, Hernandez TL, Levitt N, van Poppel M, Yang X, Zarowsky C, Backman H, Feghali M, Nielsen KK. Call to action for a life course approach. Lancet 2024; 404:193-214. [PMID: 38909623 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes remains the most common medical disorder in pregnancy, with short-term and long-term consequences for mothers and offspring. New insights into pathophysiology and management suggest that the current gestational diabetes treatment approach should expand from a focus on late gestational diabetes to a personalised, integrated life course approach from preconception to postpartum and beyond. Early pregnancy lifestyle intervention could prevent late gestational diabetes. Early gestational diabetes diagnosis and treatment has been shown to be beneficial, especially when identified before 14 weeks of gestation. Early gestational diabetes screening now requires strategies for integration into routine antenatal care, alongside efforts to reduce variation in gestational diabetes care, across settings that differ between, and within, countries. Following gestational diabetes, an oral glucose tolerance test should be performed 6-12 weeks postpartum to assess the glycaemic state. Subsequent regular screening for both dysglycaemia and cardiometabolic disease is recommended, which can be incorporated alongside other family health activities. Diabetes prevention programmes for women with previous gestational diabetes might be enhanced using shared decision making and precision medicine. At all stages in this life course approach, across both high-resource and low-resource settings, a more systematic process for identifying and overcoming barriers to preventative care and treatment is needed to reduce the current global burden of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yashdeep Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Teri L Hernandez
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Department of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Christina Zarowsky
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; CReSP Public Health Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maisa Feghali
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karoline Kragelund Nielsen
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Chen J, Xiao Y, Yan C, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Deng R. The Relationship Between the Number of Chronic Diseases and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, China: moderating Effect of Health Lifestyle. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2425-2439. [PMID: 38784381 PMCID: PMC11114139 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose With population aging, individuals in underdeveloped areas may experience a higher prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a lower level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and distinct lifestyles. However, this triadic association remains inadequately studied, particularly regarding the role of health lifestyle. This study aims to examine the relationship between the number of NCDs and HRQoL, while considering the moderating effect of health lifestyle among middle-aged and older adults residing in resource-limited areas. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yunnan Province from July to December 2022. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire related to socio-demographic information, NCDs conditions, health lifestyle status, and HRQoL, which was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimension five-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. Hierarchical regression and simple slope tests were used to examine the moderating effect of health lifestyle. Results Out of the total 2704 participants, 57.91% presented at least one NCD. The mean scores for health lifestyle and health utility value were 11.109 and 0.944 respectively. The number of NCDs was negatively associated with health utility value, while positively correlated with the health lifestyle score (P<0.001). The results of hierarchical regression indicated that health lifestyle exerted a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the number of NCDs and HRQoL (β=0.006, P<0.001), which was also observed for specific health-related behaviors such as sleep duration (β=0.013, P<0.001), physical examination attendance (β=0.006, P<0.05) and physical activity (β=0.013, P<0.001). Conclusion These findings highlight the crucial role of a healthy lifestyle in attenuating the association between the number of NCDs and HRQoL. Recognizing the potential modulating influence of a healthy lifestyle in this relationship could be pivotal for developing effective interventions for this population, even within resource-constrained rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Foreign Languages Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaofang Yan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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Teo SM, Murrin CM, Mehegan J, Douglass A, Hébert JR, Segurado R, Kelleher CC, Phillips CM. Associations between the maternal healthy lifestyle score and its individual components during early pregnancy with placental outcomes. Placenta 2023; 139:75-84. [PMID: 37336158 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of maternal lifestyle behaviours on placental growth have been investigated individually, but with conflicting results, and their combined effect is under-researched. Therefore, we examined associations between a composite maternal healthy lifestyle score (HLS), and its individual components, during early pregnancy with placental outcomes. METHODS Participants included Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort mother-child pairs (n = 202). A composite HLS based on a less inflammatory diet (bottom 40% of the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™)), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), healthy pre-pregnancy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), never smoking, and non-/moderate alcohol intake was calculated. Quantile regression analysed HLS (and individual components) associations with measures of placental development (untrimmed placental weight (PW)) and function (birth weight:placental weight (BW:PW) ratio) at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th centiles. RESULTS A more pro-inflammatory diet was positively, and smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were negatively, associated with PW at median centiles (B: 41.97 g, CI: 3.71, 80.22, p < 0.05; B: -58.51 g, CI: -116.24, -0.77, p < 0.05; B: -120.20 g, CI: -177.97, -62.43, p < 0.05 respectively). Low MVPA was inversely associated with BW:PW ratio at the 10th and 90th centiles (B: -0.36, CI: -0.132, -0.29, p < 0.01 and B: -0.45, CI: -0.728, -0.182, p < 0.01, respectively). Heavy alcohol intake was positively associated with BW:PW ratio at the 10th centile (B: 0.54, CI: 0.24, 0.85, p < 0.01). Results of sex-stratified analysis provide evidence of sexual dimorphism. DISCUSSION Associations of certain lifestyle factors, but not the composite HLS, during early pregnancy with measures of placental development (PW) and function (BW:PW ratio) varied by quantiles and by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevaun M Teo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Celine M Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - John Mehegan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Alexander Douglass
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Catherine M Phillips
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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Mourino N, Pérez-Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk at 12 years: Periods of susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115572. [PMID: 36841524 PMCID: PMC10726317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify periods of heightened susceptibility to the association of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure with cardiometabolic (CM) risk at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 212 adolescents from the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, OH. Using multiple informant models, we estimated associations of maternal serum cotinine (mean of concentrations at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy) and children's serum cotinine concentrations (mean of concentrations at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years) with a CM risk summary score constructed of five risk components measured at age 12 years. We determined if these associations differed for pre- and postnatal exposure periods, and adolescent's sex. RESULTS We found some evidence that the cotinine-outcome associations differed by exposure period and sex. Postnatal, but not prenatal, cotinine was associated with higher CM risk scores and individual CM risk component values (interaction p-values = 0.04 to 0.35). Each 10-fold increase in postnatal cotinine was associated with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.45), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.31), 0.14 (-0.08, 0.35), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.48), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.27) higher CM risk, HOMA-IR, TG to HDL-C ratio, leptin to adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. Postnatal cotinine was associated with higher visceral fat area among females but not males (sex × period × cotinine interaction p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum cotinine concentrations during the postnatal period had greater influence on adolescent's CM risk compared to the prenatal period, and these associations may be sex-specific. This study reinforces the need for ongoing public health interventions to minimize children's exposure to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Deng R, Lou K, Zhou S, Li X, Dong B, Ma J, Hu J. Associations of parental reproductive age and elevated blood pressure in offspring: An observational study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:990725. [PMID: 37063654 PMCID: PMC10098010 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.990725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased parental reproductive age has been a social trend around the world, and elevated blood pressure in children leads to an approximately two-fold increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Aim of this study is to assess the associations of parental reproductive age with the risk of elevated blood pressure in offspring, and to explore the influence of offspring lifestyle on the associations. Methods Data was obtained from a national school program conducted in 7 Chinese provinces, and the final sample was 39,190 students aged 7-18 years. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were designed to collect data of children blood pressure and information respectively. Results In this study, 26.7% of children were defined as elevated blood pressure. A U-shaped pattern was observed in the relationship between maternal age and risk of elevated blood pressure, while risk of elevated blood pressure decreased continuously with paternal age increased. After adjustment, offspring of paternal age ≤27 & maternal age ≤26 years and those of paternal age >30 & maternal age >32 years were related to great risk of elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.29, P < 0.001; OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.38, P < 0.05). When stratified by lifestyle status, significant associations between maternal/paternal age and risk of elevated blood pressure were only observed in those with worse lifestyle behaviors, but not in offspring with healthier lifestyle. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that risk of elevated blood pressure in children is independently related to parental reproductive age, and children maintaining a healthy lifestyle may mitigate the adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Lou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Zhou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxiu Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Bin Dong
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Bibiloni MDM, Gallardo-Alfaro L, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Osés-Recalde M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Segu M, Lassale C, Homs C, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Sistac C, Schröder H, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Determinants of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040738. [PMID: 35215388 PMCID: PMC8874357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8-16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97-2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on weekdays (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77-2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48-2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Maddi Osés-Recalde
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Marta Segu
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Clara Sistac
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Helmut Schröder
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-1173-146l; Fax: +34-971-173-184
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