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Hatano R, Lee E, Sato H, Kiuchi M, Hirahara K, Nakagawa Y, Shimano H, Nakayama T, Tanaka T, Miki T. Hepatic ketone body regulation of renal gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101934. [PMID: 38604598 PMCID: PMC11039402 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During fasting, liver pivotally regulates blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Kidney also produces glucose through gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenic genes are transactivated by fasting, but their expression patterns are chronologically different between the two organs. We find that renal gluconeogenic gene expressions are positively correlated with the blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Thus, we herein aim to investigate the regulatory mechanism and its physiological implications. METHODS Gluconeogenic gene expressions in liver and kidney were examined in hyperketogenic mice such as high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and ketogenic diet-fed mice, and in hypoketogenic PPARα knockout (PPARα-/-) mice. Renal gluconeogenesis was evaluated by rise in glycemia after glutamine loading in vivo. Functional roles of β-hydroxybutyrate in the regulation of renal gluconeogenesis were investigated by metabolome analysis and RNA-seq analysis of proximal tubule cells. RESULTS Renal gluconeogenic genes were transactivated concurrently with blood β-hydroxybutyrate uprise under ketogenic states, but the increase was blunted in hypoketogenic PPARα-/- mice. Administration of 1,3-butandiol, a ketone diester, transactivated renal gluconeogenic gene expression in fasted PPARα-/- mice. In addition, HFD-fed mice showed fasting hyperglycemia along with upregulated renal gluconeogenic gene expression, which was blunted in HFD-fed PPARα-/- mice. In vitro experiments and metabolome analysis in renal tubular cells showed that β-hydroxybutyrate directly promotes glucose and NH3 production through transactivating gluconeogenic genes. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that β-hydroxybutyrate-induced transactivation of Pck1 was mediated by C/EBPβ. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that β-hydroxybutyrate mediates hepato-renal interaction to maintain homeostatic regulation of blood glucose and systemic acid-base balance through renal gluconeogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine (RIDM), Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Chiba University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine (RIDM), Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine (RIDM), Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine (RIDM), Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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de Souza KR, Engel NA, Soares HJ, Bressan CBC, Dela Vedova LM, da Silva LE, Mendes TF, da Silva MR, de Oliveira MP, Goulart AI, Córneo E, de Medeiros Borges H, Michels M, Bittencourt JVS, de Roch Casagrande L, Ferreira GK, Petronilho FC, Dal-Pizzol F, Silveira PCL, de Bitencourt RM, da Silva MG, Rezin GT. Nutritional strategies cause memory damage and alter biochemical parameters without causing neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:635-648. [PMID: 38429463 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Obesity results from an energy imbalance and has been considered an epidemic due to its increasing rates worldwide. It is classified as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease and has associated comorbidities. Different nutritional strategies are used for the purpose of weight loss, highlighting low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, ketogenic diets, and intermittent fasting (IF). These strategies can lead to metabolic and behavioral changes as they stimulate different biochemical pathways. Therefore, this study evaluated memory, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense parameters in mice subjected to an LC diet, ketogenic diet (KD), or IF. Eighty male Swiss mice, 60 days old, were divided into 4 groups: control, LC, KD, or IF. Body weight was measured weekly, and food intake every 48 h. After 15 days of nutritional interventions, the animals were subjected to the behavioral object recognition test and subsequently euthanized. Then, visceral fat was removed and weighed, and the brain was isolated for inflammatory and biochemical analysis. We concluded from this study that the LC and KD strategies could damage memory, IF improves the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the LC, KD, and IF strategies do not lead to neuroinflammatory damage but present damage at the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Rufatto de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Hevylin Jacinto Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Catarina Barbosa Chaves Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Indalecio Goulart
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emily Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloísa de Medeiros Borges
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Silvano Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laura de Roch Casagrande
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricia Cardoso Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Goulart da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, 88704-900, Brazil
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Sun S, Zhang S, Yuan L, Xu Y, Li X, Chen G, Wei X, Liu C. Ketogenic diet alleviates β-cell dedifferentiation but aggravates hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice. Nutrition 2024; 119:112284. [PMID: 38118383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) on β-cell dedifferentiation and hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice. METHODS After a 3-wk habituation, male db/db mice ages 8 wk were assigned into one of three groups: normal diet (ND), KD, and 75% calorie restriction (CR) group. Free access to a standard diet, a KD, and 75% of a standard diet, respectively, were given to each group. Additionally, sex-matched 8-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were used to construct a control (C) group. After a 4-wk dietary intervention, mouse body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, fasting insulin (FINS), glucose tolerance, and β-hydroxybutyric acid level were measured. The morphologies of the islet and liver were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Positive expressions of β-cell-specific transcription factors in mouse islets were determined by double immunofluorescence staining. The size and number of lipid droplets in mouse liver were examined by Oil Red O staining. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected relative levels of adipogenesis-associated and lipolysis-associated genes in mouse liver. Additionally, expressions of CD36 protein in the mouse liver were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. RESULTS After a 4-wk dietary intervention, FBG, FINS, and glucose area under the curve in the KD group became significantly lower than in the ND group (all P < 0.05). Regular morphology of mouse islets was observed in the KD group, with an increased number of islet cells. The KD significantly reversed the decrease in β-cell number, disarrangement of β-cells, decline of β/α-cell ratio, and downregulation of β-cell-specific transcription factors in db/db mice. Serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were comparable between the ND and KD groups. In contrast, serum triacylglycerol levels were significantly lower in the CR group than in the ND group (P < 0.05). Vacuolar degeneration and lipid accumulation in the liver were more prominent in the KD group than in the ND and CR groups. The mRNA levels of Pparα and Acox1 in the KD group were lower than those in the ND group, although no significant differences were detected. Relative levels of Cd36 and inflammatory genes in the mouse liver were significantly higher in the KD group than in the ND group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The KD significantly reduced FBG and FINS and improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice by upregulating β-cell-specific transcription factors and reversing β-cell dedifferentiation. However, the KD also induced hepatic lipid accumulation and aggravated inflammatory response in the liver of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuoshuo Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Brown MR, Matveyenko AV. It's What and When You Eat: An Overview of Transcriptional and Epigenetic Responses to Dietary Perturbations in Pancreatic Islets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842603. [PMID: 35355560 PMCID: PMC8960041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ever-changing modern environment is a significant contributor to the increased prevalence of many chronic diseases, and particularly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the modern era has ushered in numerous changes to our daily living conditions, changes in "what" and "when" we eat appear to disproportionately fuel the rise of T2DM. The pancreatic islet is a key biological controller of an organism's glucose homeostasis and thus plays an outsized role to coordinate the response to environmental factors to preserve euglycemia through a delicate balance of endocrine outputs. Both successful and failed adaptation to dynamic environmental stimuli has been postulated to occur due to changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of pathways associated with islet secretory function and survival. Therefore, in this review we examined and evaluated the current evidence elucidating the key epigenetic mechanisms and transcriptional programs underlying the islet's coordinated response to the interaction between the timing and the composition of dietary nutrients common to modern lifestyles. With the explosion of next generation sequencing, along with the development of novel informatic and -omic approaches, future work will continue to unravel the environmental-epigenetic relationship in islet biology with the goal of identifying transcriptional and epigenetic targets associated with islet perturbations in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aleksey V. Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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