1
|
Gong D, Lei J, He X, Hao J, Zhang F, Huang X, Gu W, Yang X, Yu J. Keys to the switch of fat burning: stimuli that trigger the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activation in adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:322. [PMID: 39342273 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the main pathogenic factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as adiposity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing annually. It is urgent and crucial to find more therapeutic targets to treat these diseases. Mainly expressed in brown adipocytes, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is key to the thermogenesis of classical brown adipose tissue (BAT). Furthermore, white adipose tissue (WAT) is likely to express more UCP1 and subsequently acquire the ability to undergo thermogenesis under certain stimuli. Therefore, targeting and activating UCP1 to promote increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of WAT are helpful in treating metabolic diseases, such as adiposity and MASLD. In this case, the stimuli that activate UCP1 are emerging. Therefore, we summarize the thermogenic stimuli that have activated UCP1 in recent decades, among which cold exposure is one of the stimuli first discovered to activate BAT thermogenesis. As a convenient and efficient therapy with few side effects and good metabolic benefits, physical exercise can also activate the expression of UCP1 in adipose tissue. Notably, for the first time, we have summarized and demonstrated the stimuli of traditional Chinese medicines that can activate UCP1, such as acupuncture, Chinese herbal formulas, and Chinese medicinal herbs. Moreover, pharmacological agents, functional foods, food ingredients, and the gut microbiota are also commonly associated with regulating and activating UCP1. The identification and analysis of UCP1 stimuli can greatly facilitate our understanding of adipose tissue thermogenesis, including the browning of WAT. Thus, it is more conducive to further research and therapy for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dihong Gong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Juanhong Lei
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong He
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjie Hao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinya Huang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu Z, Zhang T, Yang X, Xu B, Yu Z, An L, Xu T, Jing X, Wang Y, Lu M. Neuregulin4-ErbB4 signalling pathway is driven by electroacupuncture stimulation to remodel brown adipose tissue innervation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3880-3896. [PMID: 38951947 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To show that electroacupuncture stimulation (ES) remodels sympathetic innervation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) via the bone morphogenic protein 8B (BMP8B)-neuregulin 4 (NRG4)-ErbB4 axis, with somatotopic dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a high-fat diet (HFD) model with C57BL/6J mice to measure the thermogenesis and metabolism of BAT. In addition, the sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was measured with the electrophysiological technique, and the immunostaining of c-Fos was used to detect the central nervous system sources of sympathetic outflows. Finally, the key role of the BMP8B-NRG4-ErbB4 axis was verified by peripheral specific antagonism of ErbB4. RESULTS ES at the forelimb and abdomen regions significantly up-regulate SNA, whereas ES at the hindlimb region has a limited regulatory effect on SNA but still partially restores HFD-induced BAT dysfunction. Mechanistically, ES at the forelimb and abdomen regions driving catecholaminergic signals in brown adipocytes depends on neural activities projected from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) to the spinal cord intermediolateral column (IML). Notably, the peripheral suppression of ErbB4 in BAT inhibits the thermogenesis and metabolic function of BAT, as well as significantly hindering the SNA activation and metabolic benefits induced by ES. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ES appears to be an effective approach for remodeling sympathetic innervation in BAT, which is closely related to neuronal activity in the VMH and the NRG4-ErbB4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Jing
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang SR, Chen L, Luo D, Wang YY, Liang FX. Unlocking the potential: How acupuncture reshapes the liver-centered lipid metabolism pattern to fight obesity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:523-532. [PMID: 39209583 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a widespread global health issue, is frequently linked to disrupted lipid metabolism, resulting in excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and associated health complications. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical modality, has exhibited potential as a viable intervention for addressing obesity. The underlying mechanism proposed involves the stimulation of specific acupoints to exert a regulatory influence on hepatic function. The liver has a central role in lipid metabolism, including processes such as lipid synthesis, storage and distribution. Acupuncture is believed to enhance the liver's efficiency in processing lipids, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and improving metabolic functions. Research indicates that acupuncture can influence the expression of certain genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. This includes upregulating genes that promote lipid breakdown and oxidation, and downregulating those involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, acupuncture has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for the regulation of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture may play a significant role in its efficacy for the treatment of obesity. The presence of chronic inflammation has been strongly associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity. Through its ability to mitigate inflammation, acupuncture can potentially aid in the restoration of lipid metabolism and the reduction of body weight. Moreover, the amelioration of hepatic oxidative stress represents another mechanism by which acupuncture may contribute to the reduction of lipid deposition. Notably, the liver, being the primary site of lipid metabolism, maintains communication with various organs including the brain, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and intestines. This perspective opens new avenues for the treatment of obesity, emphasizing the importance of holistic approaches in managing complex metabolic disorders. Please cite this article as: Yang SR, Chen L, Luo D, Wang YY, Liang FX. Unlocking the potential: How acupuncture reshapes the liver-centered lipid metabolism pattern to fight obesity. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(5): 523-532.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, China; Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang YA, Li FW, Dong YX, Xie WJ, Wang HB. PPAR-γ regulates the polarization of M2 macrophages to improve the microenvironment for autologous fat grafting. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23613. [PMID: 38661048 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The unpredictable survival rate of autologous fat grafting (AFG) seriously affects its clinical application. Improving the survival rate of AFG has become an unresolved issue in plastic surgery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) regulates the adipogenic differentiation of adipocytes, but the functional mechanism in AFG remains unclear. In this study, we established an animal model of AFG and demonstrated the superior therapeutic effect of PPAR-γ regulation in the process of AFG. From day 3 after fat grafting, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone group consistently showed better adipose integrity, fewer oil cysts, and fibrosis. Massive macrophage infiltration was observed after 7 days. At the same time, M2 macrophages begin to appear. At day 14, M2 macrophages gradually became the dominant cell population, which suppressed inflammation and promoted revascularization and fat regeneration. In addition, transcriptome sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in the Rosiglitazone group were associated with the pathways of adipose regeneration, differentiation, and angiogenesis; these results provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-An Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xian Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang MN, Zhai MX, Wang YT, Dai QF, Liu L, Zhao LP, Xia QY, Li S, Li B. Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Obesity: Advances and Prospects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1-33. [PMID: 38351701 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic syndrome that causes a significant burden on individuals and society. Conventional therapies include lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological therapies, which are not effective and have a high risk of adverse events. Acupuncture is an effective alternative for obesity, it modulates the hypothalamus, sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity, obesity-related hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and CCK), the brain-gut axis, inflammatory status, adipose tissue browning, muscle blood flow, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to influence metabolism, eating behavior, motivation, cognition, and the reward system. However, hypothalamic regulation by acupuncture should be further demonstrated in human studies using novel techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Moreover, a longer follow-up phase of clinical trials is required to detect the long-term effects of acupuncture. Also, future studies should investigate the optimal acupuncture therapeutic option for obesity. This review aims to consolidate the recent improvements in the mechanism of acupuncture for obesity as well as discuss the future research prospects and potential of acupuncture for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Xin Zhai
- Yinghai Hospital, Daxing District, Beijing 100163, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Fu Dai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Peng Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Xia
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang M, Sun Z, Ou Y, Ge W, Yuan M, Xu B. Electroacupuncture Mediates Fat Metabolism and Autophagy via a Sirt3-Dependent Mechanism in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300370. [PMID: 37840428 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic potential of electroacupuncture (EA) on obesity, focusing on its influence on autophagy and energy metabolism, utilizing a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. Treatment with EA significantly reduces body weight, fat deposition, and lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, EA effectively ameliorates metabolic imbalances, reducing blood glucose levels and plasma markers of liver function. At the molecular level, EA enhances the expression of thermogenesis-associated genes in brown adipose tissue and decreases p53 expression, suggesting a decrease in apoptosis. Autophagy in white adipose tissue is inhibited by EA, as demonstrated by the suppression of key autophagy-related proteins. Further experiments highlight the critical role of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) in EA's anti-obesity effects. Sirt3 supplementation combined with EA results in reduced body weight, fat deposition, and lipid accumulation, along with modulations in key metabolic indicators. Moreover, EA's modulatory effect on uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α), and p53 is found to be Sirt3 dependent. In conclusion, EA exerts beneficial effects against obesity through Sirt3-dependent modulation of autophagy and energy metabolism, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Yanggang Ou
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Mengqian Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210024, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mei L, Zhu Q, Bai X, Zhang Y, Huang H, Yang M, Shi Y, Liang C, Zhang Z, Chen Q. Cellular Evidence for Telocytes Mediating Electroacupuncture to Ameliorate Obesity in Mice. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1746-1754. [PMID: 37639834 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has been generally applied to target obesity, the principle of which is based on the meridian in traditional Chinese medicine. Although Telocytes (TCs) have been reported as the potential essence of meridians, their specific role in the electroacupuncture treatment of obesity remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the cellular evidence for TC-mediated electroacupuncture to alleviate obesity. Mice were divided into three groups as follows: electroacupuncture group (EA), control group (CG), and normal group (NG). The present study showed that the weight of perirenal white adipose tissue (rWAT), the serum level of total cholesterol, and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all significantly decreased after electroacupuncture. Ultrastructurally, the prolongations (telopodes, Tps) of TCs were in direct contact with adipocytes, and lipid droplets were distributed on the surface of Tps. The proportions of double-positive fluorescent areas of TCs (CD34 and PDGFRα) were significantly elevated with concomitant elongated Tps in EA mice, as compared to those in CG mice. The expression of Cx43 and CD63 (gap junction and exosome markers) was significantly enhanced. These characteristics facilitated the transmission of electroacupuncture stimulation from skin to rWAT. We conclude that electroacupuncture relieved obesity by activating TCs morphologically, upregulating the gap junctions between TCs, and increasing the exosomes around TCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Mei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qianmei Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Landgraaf RG, Bloem MN, Fumagalli M, Benninga MA, de Lorijn F, Nieuwdorp M. Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236370. [PMID: 37795371 PMCID: PMC10545882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Guy Landgraaf
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Nicté Bloem
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Fumagalli
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Lorijn
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen H, Wu C, Lv Q, Li M, Ren L. Targeting Mitochondrial Homeostasis: The Role of Acupuncture in Depression Treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1741-1753. [PMID: 37546517 PMCID: PMC10404048 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s421540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and a range of physical and cognitive symptoms. It affects people of all ages and can significantly impact their daily functioning and quality of life. Mitochondrial homeostasis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Mitochondrial homeostasis includes mitophagy, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. The regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis is the key link in the prevention and treatment of depression. Methods In this article, we focus on the core link of depression-mitochondrial homeostasis and summarize the research progress of acupuncture targeting mitochondrial homeostasis in the treatment of depression in recent years, so as to provide ideas and experimental basis for the research and formulation of more appropriate depression treatment strategies. Results Acupuncture has been found to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis (by modulating mitochondrial autophagy, reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial fission, inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, and maintaining mitochondrial dynamics), alleviate depression-like behavior, and regulate signal pathways and key proteins. Conclusion Here, we highlight the role of acupuncture in the treatment of depression. A comprehensive exploration of the impact of acupuncture on mitochondrial homeostasis could potentially present a novel mechanism for treating depression and offer fresh perspectives for the treatment of patients with clinical depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Wu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Lv
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Ren
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Disorders Research Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng Y, Yang N, Pang Y, Gong Y, Yang H, Ding W, Yang H. Mitochondria-associated regulation in adipose tissues and potential reagents for obesity intervention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132342. [PMID: 37396170 PMCID: PMC10313115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review analysis was used to assess the profile of mitochondrial involvement in adipose tissue regulation and potential reagents to intervene in obesity through the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched online for literature associated with mitochondria, obesity, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue published from the time of their creation until June 22, 2022, and each paper was screened. Results 568 papers were identified, of which 134 papers met the initial selection criteria, 76 were selected after full-text review, and 6 were identified after additional searches. A full-text review of the included 82 papers was performed. Conclusion Mitochondria play a key role in adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis, including as potential therapeutic agents for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang S, Lin J, Zhang Q, Liao Y, Lu F, Cai J. The fates of different types of adipose tissue after transplantation in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22510. [PMID: 36004579 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fat grafting is one of the most commonly applied procedure for soft-tissue repair. However, it remains unclear whether the type of adipose tissue would have any effects on fat graft survival. The present study aimed to determine fates of fat grafting of three different types of fat tissue. In this study, mice were randomly divided into three groups, white adipose tissue (WAT) group, beige adipose tissue (beige AT) group and brown adipose tissue (BAT) group. Before transplantation, donor mice were injected with rosiglitazone or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The WAT and BAT were obtained from PBS-treated mice while beige AT was obtained from the rosiglitazone-treated mice. Three types of fat tissue (150 mg each) were transplanted in three groups, respectively, and harvested at 2, 4 or 12 weeks. The BAT and beige AT contained smaller adipocytes and expressed higher level of uncoupling protein-1 gene. The retention rate of the transplanted fat was significantly higher for beige than for white fat, but was significantly lower for brown than for white fat. Transplanted brown fat was characterized by upregulated inflammation and high endoplasmic reticulum stress. By contrast, fat grafts in beige AT group showed the best adipogenic capacity, moderate inflammation level and superior angiongenesis. In vitro, under hypoxic condition, fewer apoptotic cells were found in beige adipocyte group than that in brown and white adipocyte group. Conditioned medium from brown adipocytes induced M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages while that from beige adipocytes effectively promoted M2 polarization. Therefore, we suggest that beige AT provides a new potential choice for fat grafting because of low inflammation and superior survival but BAT might not be ideal for fat grafting due to its poor survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiayan Lin
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Young Park S, Kim B, Jin Kim Y, Kim HH, Oh JW, Park G. Suppression of adipogenesis by Au nanostructures-conjugated Sargassum seaweed extracts in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Quercetin May Improve Fat Graft Survival by Promoting Fat Browning Peripherally. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2517-2525. [PMID: 35325306 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose browning occurs after white fat transfer. But its location and effects on fat graft survival remains controversial. This study was performed to locate the browning of fat grafts, and to explore the effects of quercetin on fat graft browning and fat graft survival. METHODS Human fat granules were injected into the subcutaneous layer of 12 nude mice. Control group was injected with fat granules and 10% of normal saline, while quercetin group was injected with fat granules and 10% of quercetin. The graft samples (n = 6 for each group) were obtained in weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12. Weight retention rate of the grafts was calculated. Gene and protein expression of mitochondrial markers (silent information regulator 1, SIRT1; heat shock protein 60, HSP60), browning marker (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and anti-UCP1 staining were performed. RESULTS Clusters of small multilocular beige adipocytes were observed in the periphery of fat grafts. Compared with control group, quercetin group had a higher weight retention rate, a higher gene/protein expression of SIRT1, HSP60, UCP1, PPAR-γ and VEGF-A, and a higher occurrence of peripheral adipose browning. CONCLUSIONS Peripherally located adipose browning occurred after white fat transfer. It can be enhanced by the addition of quercetin through promoting mitochondrial function of fat cells, and may be one of the mechanisms that quercetin improves fat graft survival. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu M, Yu Z, Li Q, Gong M, An L, Xu T, Yuan M, Liang C, Yu Z, Xu B. Electroacupuncture Stimulation Regulates Adipose Lipolysis via Catecholamine Signaling Mediated by NLRP3 Suppression in Obese Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:773127. [PMID: 35046893 PMCID: PMC8762326 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation of visceral adipose tissue can cause obesity-associated insulin resistance, leading to metabolic syndrome. However, anti-inflammatory drugs and those for obesity management can lead to serious side effects such as abnormal heart rate and blood pressure. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of electroacupuncture stimulation (ES) for obesity and associated chronic inflammation. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for ten weeks to build an obesity model, and half of the diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats were received ES. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and qPCR analysis. The nerve-associated macrophages were marked with immunofluorescence staining. The molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in ES was determined by the NLRP3 inflammasome activation model. Compared to HDF rats, ES showed decreased body weight and chronic inflammatory damage. Specifically, this occurred via a decrease in monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) expression, which suppressed noradrenaline degradation. MAOA is expressed in nerve-associated macrophages (NAMs), and ES attenuated NAMs by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 agonist blocked the noradrenaline degradation-reducing effect of ES, and an increase in lipolysis via the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuated NAMs. Thus, our findings suggest that ES induced lipolysis via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in nerve-associated macrophages (NAMs), independently of sympathetic nervous system activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meirong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqian Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Current understanding of the role of microRNAs from adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in obesity. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 50:447-457. [PMID: 34940800 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, including diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation, are rapidly becoming a global health concern. Moreover, obese individuals are more likely to be infected with COVID-19. New research on adipose tissue is required to help us understand these metabolic diseases and their regulatory processes. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as novel intercellular vectors with a wide range of regulatory functions. The miRNAs carried by EVs participate in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. In addition, EV miRNAs demonstrate great potential for helping elucidating the mechanism of metabolic diseases, and for advancing their prevention and treatment. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adipose differentiation and metabolic diseases by adipose-derived EV miRNAs. Understanding the role of these miRNAs should enrich our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases caused by obesity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Li Q, Han X, Gong M, Yu Z, Xu B. Electroacupuncture Alleviates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Regulating Glycolipid-Related GLO/AGEs/RAGE Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655591. [PMID: 34295304 PMCID: PMC8290521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and affects over one-third of all patients. Neuropathic pain and nerve dysfunction induced by DM is related to the increase of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) produced by reactive dicarbonyl compounds in a hyperglycemia environment. AGEs induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the main receptor (RAGE), which has been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to have a positive effect on paralgesia caused by various diseases, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used high-fat-fed low-dose streptozotocin-induced rats as a model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Persistent metabolic disorder led to mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, as well as intraepidermal nerve fiber density reduction and nerve demyelination. EA improved neurological hyperalgesia, decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the generation of AGEs and RAGE, and regulated the glyoxalase system in the EA group. Taken together, our study suggested that EA plays a role in the treatment of T2DM-induced DPN, and is probably related to the regulation of metabolism and the secondary influence on the GLO/AGE/RAGE axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhi Yu
- *Correspondence: Zhi Yu, ; Bin Xu,
| | - Bin Xu
- *Correspondence: Zhi Yu, ; Bin Xu,
| |
Collapse
|