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Lehrstrand J, Davies WIL, Hahn M, Korsgren O, Alanentalo T, Ahlgren U. Illuminating the complete ß-cell mass of the human pancreas- signifying a new view on the islets of Langerhans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3318. [PMID: 38632302 PMCID: PMC11024155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans play a pivotal role in regulating blood glucose homeostasis, but critical information regarding their mass, distribution and composition is lacking within a whole organ context. Here, we apply a 3D imaging pipeline to generate a complete account of the insulin-producing islets throughout the human pancreas at a microscopic resolution and within a maintained spatial 3D context. These data show that human islets are far more heterogenous than previously accounted for with regards to their size distribution and cellular make up. By deep tissue 3D imaging, this in-depth study demonstrates that 50% of the human insulin-expressing islets are virtually devoid of glucagon-producing α-cells, an observation with significant implications for both experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Lehrstrand
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wayne I L Davies
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Hahn
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Alanentalo
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Chen K, Zhang J, Huang Y, Tian X, Yang Y, Dong A. Single-cell RNA-seq transcriptomic landscape of human and mouse islets and pathological alterations of diabetes. iScience 2022; 25:105366. [PMID: 36339258 PMCID: PMC9626680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing has paved the way for delineating the pancreatic islet cell atlas and identifying hallmarks of diabetes. However, pathological alterations of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. We isolated pancreatic islets from control and T2D mice for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and retrieved multiple datasets from the open databases. The complete islet cell landscape and robust marker genes and transcription factors of each endocrine cell type were identified. GLRA1 was restricted to beta cells, and beta cells exhibited obvious heterogeneity. The beta subcluster in the T2D mice remarkably decreased the expression of Slc2a2, G6pc2, Mafa, Nkx6-1, Pdx1, and Ucn3 and had higher unfolded protein response (UPR) scores than in the control mice. Moreover, we developed a Web-based interactive tool, creating new opportunities for the data mining of pancreatic islet scRNA-seq datasets. In conclusion, our work provides a valuable resource for a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism underlying diabetes. Cross-species scRNA-seq reveals the complete cell landscape of the islets of Langerhans We identify the robust marker genes and TFs of each endocrine and exocrine cell type Pathological alterations of beta cells in type 2 diabetes are explored A Web-based interactive tool is established for pancreatic islet scRNA-seq datasets
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Parent AV, Ashe S, Nair GG, Li ML, Chavez J, Liu JS, Zhong Y, Streeter PR, Hebrok M. Development of a scalable method to isolate subsets of stem cell-derived pancreatic islet cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:979-992. [PMID: 35245441 PMCID: PMC9023773 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using β cells derived from stem cells is a promising alternative to conventional diabetes treatment options. Although current differentiation methods produce glucose-responsive β cells, they can also yield populations of undesired endocrine progenitors and other proliferating cell types that might interfere with long-term islet function and safety of transplanted cells. Here, we describe the generation of an array of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface markers that selectively label stem cell-derived islet cells. A high-throughput screen identified promising candidates, including three clones that mark a high proportion of endocrine cells in differentiated cultures. A scalable magnetic sorting method was developed to enrich for human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived islet cells using these three antibodies, leading to the formation of islet-like clusters with improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reduced growth upon transplantation. This strategy should facilitate large-scale production of functional islet clusters from stem cells for disease modeling and cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jessica Chavez
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer S Liu
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yongping Zhong
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Philip R Streeter
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Gupta D, Dowsett GKC, Mani BK, Shankar K, Osborne-Lawrence S, Metzger NP, Lam BYH, Yeo GSH, Zigman JM. High Coexpression of the Ghrelin and LEAP2 Receptor GHSR With Pancreatic Polypeptide in Mouse and Human Islets. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6325122. [PMID: 34289060 PMCID: PMC8379901 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Islets represent an important site of direct action of the hormone ghrelin, with expression of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor; GHSR) having been localized variably to alpha cells, beta cells, and/or somatostatin (SST)-secreting delta cells. To our knowledge, GHSR expression by pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-expressing gamma cells has not been specifically investigated. Here, histochemical analyses of Ghsr-IRES-Cre × Cre-dependent ROSA26-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter mice showed 85% of GHSR-expressing islet cells coexpress PP, 50% coexpress SST, and 47% coexpress PP + SST. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data from mouse pancreas revealed 95% of Ghsr-expressing cells coexpress Ppy, 100% coexpress Sst, and 95% coexpress Ppy + Sst. This expression was restricted to gamma-cell and delta-cell clusters. Analysis of several single-cell human pancreatic transcriptome data sets revealed 59% of GHSR-expressing cells coexpress PPY, 95% coexpress SST, and 57% coexpress PPY + SST. This expression was prominent in delta-cell and beta-cell clusters, also occurring in other clusters including gamma cells and alpha cells. GHSR expression levels were upregulated by type 2 diabetes mellitus in beta cells. In mice, plasma PP positively correlated with fat mass and with plasma levels of the endogenous GHSR antagonist/inverse agonist LEAP2. Plasma PP also elevated on LEAP2 and synthetic GHSR antagonist administration. These data suggest that in addition to delta cells, beta cells, and alpha cells, PP-expressing pancreatic cells likely represent important direct targets for LEAP2 and/or ghrelin both in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bharath K Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
| | - Nathan P Metzger
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Correspondence: Giles S. H. Yeo, PhD, Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077, USA
- Correspondence: Jeffrey M. Zigman, MD, PhD, Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC9077, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA.
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