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Xu Q, La T, Ye K, Wang L, Wang S, Hu Y, Teng L, Yan L, Li J, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Zhang YY, Zhao XH, Feng YC, Jin L, Baker M, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Shao F, Cao H. KMT2A and chronic inflammation as potential drivers of sporadic parathyroid adenoma. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1734. [PMID: 38888967 PMCID: PMC11185127 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic parathyroid adenoma (PA) is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, yet the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. METHODS Surgically removed PA samples, along with normal parathyroid gland (PG) tissues that were incidentally dissected during total thyroidectomy, were analysed using single-cell RNA-sequencing with the 10× Genomics Chromium Droplet platform and Cell Ranger software. Gene set variation analysis was conducted to characterise hallmark pathway gene signatures, and single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering were utilised to analyse transcription factor regulons. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to validate cellular components of PA tissues. siRNA knockdown and gene overexpression, alongside quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and cell proliferation assays, were conducted for functional investigations. RESULTS There was a pervasive increase in gene transcription in PA cells (PACs) compared with PG cells. This is associated with high expression of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). High KMT2A levels potentially contribute to promoting PAC proliferation through upregulation of the proto-oncogene CCND2, which is mediated by the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). PA tissues are heavily infiltrated with myeloid cells, while fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages in PA tissues are commonly enriched with proinflammatory gene signatures relative to their counterparts in PG tissues. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the previously underappreciated involvement of the KMT2A‒STAT3/GATA3‒CCND2 axis and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of PA. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of KMT2A inhibition and anti-inflammatory strategies, highlighting the need for future investigations to translate these molecular insights into practical applications. HIGHLIGHTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a transcriptome catalogue comparing sporadic parathyroid adenomas (PAs) with normal parathyroid glands. PA cells show a pervasive increase in gene expression linked to KMT2A upregulation. KMT2A-mediated STAT3 and GATA3 upregulation is key to promoting PA cell proliferation via cyclin D2. PAs exhibit a proinflammatory microenvironment, suggesting a potential role of chronic inflammation in PA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Ting La
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kaihong Ye
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerZhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of NephrologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yifeng Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Liu Teng
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerZhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Zehua Shao
- Children's Heart CenterHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xiao Hong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yu Chen Feng
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lei Jin
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerZhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark Baker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerZhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐Coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerZhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Feng‐Min Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology of Zhengzhou University People's HospitalZhengzhou University People's Hospital ,Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouChina
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Geng C, Liu J, Guo B, Liu K, Gong P, Wang B, Wan Q, Sun L, Zhao J, Song Y. High lymphocyte signature genes expression in parathyroid endocrine cells and its downregulation linked to tumorigenesis. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105053. [PMID: 38471398 PMCID: PMC10945207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, because of the difficulty in obtaining normal parathyroid gland samples in human or in animal models, our understanding of this last-discovered organ remains limited. METHODS In the present study, we performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis of six normal parathyroid and eight parathyroid adenoma samples using 10 × Genomics platform. FINDINGS We have provided a detailed expression atlas of parathyroid endocrine cells. Interestingly, we found an exceptional high expression levels of CD4 and CD226 in parathyroid endocrine cells, which were even higher than those in lymphocytes. This unusual expression of lymphocyte markers in parathyroid endocrine cells was associated with the depletion of CD4 T cells in normal parathyroid glands. Moreover, CD4 and CD226 expression in endocrine cells was significantly decreased in parathyroid adenomas, which was associated with a significant increase in Treg counts. Finally, along the developmental trajectory, we discovered the loss of POMC, ART5, and CES1 expression as the earliest signature of parathyroid hyperplasia. INTERPRETATION We propose that the loss of CD4 and CD226 expression in parathyroid endocrine cells, coupled with an elevated number of Treg cells, could be linked to the pathogenesis of parathyroid adenoma. Our data also offer valuable information for understanding the noncanonical function of CD4 molecule. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA0806100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130025, 82270922, 31970636, 32211530422), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2020ZD14), Innovation Team of Jinan (2021GXRC048) and the Outstanding University Driven by Talents Program and Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University (2019LJ007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Geng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Bingzhou Guo
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, No.6699 Qingdao Road Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Kailin Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Pengfei Gong
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, No.6699 Qingdao Road Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, No.6699 Qingdao Road Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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3
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Kawata K, Sato T, Honda M, Narumi S, Kameyama K, Ishii T, Hasegawa T. Parathyroid adenoma with a somatic CASR pathogenic variant: A pediatric case report. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30687. [PMID: 37728944 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kawata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kameyama
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Li L, Sheng Q, Zeng H, Li W, Wang Q, Ma G, Xu X, Qiu M, Zhang W, Shan C. Specific genetic aberrations of parathyroid in Chinese patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism using whole-exome sequencing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1221060. [PMID: 37854190 PMCID: PMC10579901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1221060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is a peculiar subtype of hyperparathyroidism that usually develops from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and persists even after kidney transplantation. Unlike its precursor, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), THPT is characterized by uncontrolled high levels of calcium in the blood, which suggests the monoclonal or oligoclonal proliferation of parathyroid cells. However, the molecular abnormalities leading to THPT have not yet been fully understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed DNA samples from hyperplastic parathyroid and corresponding blood cells of 11 patients with THPT using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We identified somatic single nucleotide variants (SNV) and insertions or deletions variants (INDEL) and performed driver mutation analysis, KEGG pathway, and GO functional enrichment analysis. To confirm the impact of selected driver mutated genes, we also tested their expression level in these samples using qRT-PCR. Results Following quality control and mutation filtering, we identified 17,401 mutations, comprising 6690 missense variants, 3078 frameshift variants, 2005 stop-gained variants, and 1630 synonymous variants. Copy number variants (CNV) analysis showed that chromosome 22 copy number deletion was frequently observed in 6 samples. Driver mutation analysis identified 179 statistically significant mutated genes, including recurrent missense mutations on TBX20, ATAD5, ZNF669, and NOX3 genes in 3 different patients. KEGG pathway analysis revealed two enriched pathways: non-homologous end-joining and cell cycle, with a sole gene, PRKDC, involved. GO analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of various cellular components and cytobiological processes associated with four genes, including GO items of positive regulation of developmental growth, protein ubiquitination, and positive regulation of the apoptotic process. Compared to blood samples, THPT samples exhibited lower expression levels of PRKDC, TBX20, ATAD5, and NOX3 genes. THPT samples with exon mutations had relatively lower expression levels of PRKDC, TBX20, and NOX3 genes compared to those without mutations, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive landscape of the genetic characteristics of hyperplastic parathyroids in THPT, highlighting the involvement of multiple genes and pathways in the development and progression of this disease. The dominant mutations identified in our study depicted new insights into the pathogenesis and molecular characteristics of THPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixuan Sheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajin Zeng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Ma
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiang Shan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated with Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jha S, Welch J, Tora R, Lack J, Warner A, del Rivero J, Sadowski SM, Nilubol N, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Agarwal SK. Germline- and Somatic-Inactivating FLCN Variants in Parathyroid Cancer and Atypical Parathyroid Tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2686-2698. [PMID: 36935552 PMCID: PMC10505536 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare endocrine neoplasm with high mortality. While surgery is the treatment for patients with the disease, recurrence rates are high, and patients usually succumb to severe hypercalcemia. There is no effective systemic therapy for the disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate for novel genes causing parathyroid cancer. METHODS We analyzed the germline DNA of 17 patients with "sporadic" PC and 3 with atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) who did not have germline CDC73 or MEN1 pathogenic variants. Sequencing of available tumor tissue from 14 patients with PC and 2 with APT was also performed (including 2 patients with no available germline DNA). In addition, sporadic parathyroid adenomas from 74 patients were analyzed for FLCN variants. RESULTS We identified germline FLCN variants in 3 unrelated patients with PC. The 2 frameshift variants have been described in patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, while the pathogenicity of the missense variant c.124G > C (p.G42R) has not been definitively established. Functional analysis of the missense variant showed a potential effect on posttranslational modification. All 3 patients with germline FLCN variants were noted to have renal cysts and 2 had lung cysts, features associated with BHD syndrome. Somatic FLCN variants were identified in tumors from 2 (1 APT) of 16 patients with PC/APT and in none of the 74 sporadic parathyroid adenomas. No second hits in FLCN were noted on sequencing; however, loss of heterozygosity at the locus was demonstrated in 2 of 3 patients with the identified germline FLCN variant. CONCLUSION The finding of FLCN variants associated with PC may provide the foundation for the development of therapy for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jha
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Welch
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rana Tora
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Warner
- Frederick National Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jaydira del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samira M Sadowski
- Endocrine Surgery Section, Surgical Oncology Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Surgery Section, Surgical Oncology Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Basic Science Program, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Jha S, Simonds WF. Molecular and Clinical Spectrum of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:779-818. [PMID: 36961765 PMCID: PMC10502601 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest an increase in the overall incidence of parathyroid disorders, with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) being the most prevalent parathyroid disorder. PHPT is associated with morbidities (fractures, kidney stones, chronic kidney disease) and increased risk of death. The symptoms of PHPT can be nonspecific, potentially delaying the diagnosis. Approximately 15% of patients with PHPT have an underlying heritable form of PHPT that may be associated with extraparathyroidal manifestations, requiring active surveillance for these manifestations as seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2A. Genetic testing for heritable forms should be offered to patients with multiglandular disease, recurrent PHPT, young onset PHPT (age ≤40 years), and those with a family history of parathyroid tumors. However, the underlying genetic cause for the majority of patients with heritable forms of PHPT remains unknown. Distinction between sporadic and heritable forms of PHPT is useful in surgical planning for parathyroidectomy and has implications for the family. The genes currently known to be associated with heritable forms of PHPT account for approximately half of sporadic parathyroid tumors. But the genetic cause in approximately half of the sporadic parathyroid tumors remains unknown. Furthermore, there is no systemic therapy for parathyroid carcinoma, a rare but potentially fatal cause of PHPT. Improved understanding of the molecular characteristics of parathyroid tumors will allow us to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jha
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
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Song A, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Nie M, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia W, Xing X, Wang O. Genetic and clinical screening for hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism in a large Chinese cohort: a single-center study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1322-1333. [PMID: 37449924 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) includes sporadic PHPT and hereditary PHPT. However, until now, there have been no exact data on the proportion and composition of hereditary PHPT in the Chinese PHPT population. This study aimed to clarify the proportion and composition of hereditary PHPT in patients at a large academic center in Beijing, China, and to analyze genotype-phenotype characteristics. A total of 394 newly diagnosed Han PHPT patients who consented to genetic screening were enrolled. Targeted next-generation sequencing (T-NGS) (including for MEN1, RET, CDKN1B, CaSR, HRPT2/CDC73, GNA11, AP2S1, GCM2), combined with MEN1-multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and CDC73-MLPA, was used for genetic screening. Diagnosis of hereditary PHPT was based on clinical manifestations, family history, and genetic screening. Thirty-seven pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) variants were detected in 41 patients via T-NGS, and three patients carried long-range deletions of MEN1 or CDC73 detected by MLPA, with a variant detection rate of 11.2% (44/394). In total, 30 patients were clinically diagnosed with MEN1. Combined with genetic and clinical screening, the rate of hereditary PHPT in this study was 18.8% (74/394). For purposes of comparison, the rate of unequivocal nonhereditary PHPT was 66.5% (262/394); 14.7% (58/394) did not exhibit the clinical features of hereditary PHPT but carried variants of uncertain clinical significance and so could not be clearly categorized. Both the age at hospital visit (43.6 ± 14.0 versus 53.7 ± 14.9 years) and age at onset (35.4 ± 13.8 versus 50.6 ± 14.8 years) in the hereditary group (n = 74) were significantly lower than those in the nonhereditary group (n = 262). Higher levels of ionized calcium and serum β-CTX were observed in the hereditary group; proportions of parathyroid hyperplasia and multigland involvement were also higher. In addition to multigland disease and positive family history, it is recommended that patients with an age of onset less than 38 should be screened for hereditary forms. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- An Song
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Gracia-Diaz C, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Maroofian R, Espana-Bonilla P, Lee CH, Zhang S, Padilla N, Fueyo R, Waxman EA, Lei S, Otrimski G, Li D, Sheppard SE, Mark P, Harr MH, Hakonarson H, Rodan L, Jackson A, Vasudevan P, Powel C, Mohammed S, Maddirevula S, Alzaidan H, Faqeih EA, Efthymiou S, Turchetti V, Rahman F, Maqbool S, Salpietro V, Ibrahim SH, di Rosa G, Houlden H, Alharbi MN, Al-Sannaa NA, Bauer P, Zifarelli G, Estaras C, Hurst ACE, Thompson ML, Chassevent A, Smith-Hicks CL, de la Cruz X, Holtz AM, Elloumi HZ, Hajianpour MJ, Rieubland C, Braun D, Banka S, French DL, Heller EA, Saade M, Song H, Ming GL, Alkuraya FS, Agrawal PB, Reinberg D, Bhoj EJ, Martínez-Balbás MA, Akizu N. Gain and loss of function variants in EZH1 disrupt neurogenesis and cause dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4109. [PMID: 37433783 PMCID: PMC10336078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in chromatin regulators are frequently found in neurodevelopmental disorders, but their effect in disease etiology is rarely determined. Here, we uncover and functionally define pathogenic variants in the chromatin modifier EZH1 as the cause of dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders in 19 individuals. EZH1 encodes one of the two alternative histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferases of the PRC2 complex. Unlike the other PRC2 subunits, which are involved in cancers and developmental syndromes, the implication of EZH1 in human development and disease is largely unknown. Using cellular and biochemical studies, we demonstrate that recessive variants impair EZH1 expression causing loss of function effects, while dominant variants are missense mutations that affect evolutionarily conserved aminoacids, likely impacting EZH1 structure or function. Accordingly, we found increased methyltransferase activity leading to gain of function of two EZH1 missense variants. Furthermore, we show that EZH1 is necessary and sufficient for differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the developing chick embryo neural tube. Finally, using human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cultures and forebrain organoids, we demonstrate that EZH1 variants perturb cortical neuron differentiation. Overall, our work reveals a critical role of EZH1 in neurogenesis regulation and provides molecular diagnosis for previously undefined neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gracia-Diaz
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Espana-Bonilla
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chul-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natàlia Padilla
- Research Unit in Clinical and Translational Bioinformatics, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Fueyo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunyimeng Lei
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garrett Otrimski
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Sheppard
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Mark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Margaret H Harr
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lance Rodan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Corrina Powel
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa A Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Turchetti
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Child Health Sciences & The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Child Health Sciences & The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shahnaz H Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gabriella di Rosa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, 98100, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maha Nasser Alharbi
- Maternity and Children Hospital Buraidah, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Conchi Estaras
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Anna Chassevent
- Department of Neurogenetics, Neurology and Developmental Medicine Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constance L Smith-Hicks
- Department of Neurogenetics, Neurology and Developmental Medicine Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Xavier de la Cruz
- Research Unit in Clinical and Translational Bioinformatics, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander M Holtz
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M J Hajianpour
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Braun
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah L French
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murielle Saade
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine and Holtz Children's Hospital, Jackson Heath System, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marian A Martínez-Balbás
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Tao X, Xu T, Lin X, Xu S, Fan Y, Guo B, Deng X, Jiao Q, Chen L, Wei Z, Chen C, Yang W, Zhang Z, Yu X, Yue H. Genomic Profiling Reveals the Variant Landscape of Sporadic Parathyroid Adenomas in Chinese Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1768-1775. [PMID: 36611251 PMCID: PMC10271222 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define somatic variants of parathyroid adenoma (PA) and to provide novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of sporadic PA. METHODS Basic clinical characteristics and biochemical indices of 73 patients with PA were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on matched tumor-constitutional DNA pairs to detect somatic alterations. Functional annotation was carried out by ingenuity pathway analysis afterward. The protein expression of the variant gene was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between genotype and phenotype was analyzed. RESULTS Somatic variants were identified in 1549 genes, with an average of 69 variants per tumor (range, 13-2109; total, 9083). Several novel recurrent somatic variants were detected, such as KMT2D (15/73), MUC4 (14/73), POTEH (13/73), CD22 (12/73), HSPA2 (12/73), HCFC1 (11/73), MAGEA1 (11/73), and SLC4A3 (11/73), besides the previously reported PA-related genes, including MEN1 (11/73), CASR (6/73), MTOR (4/73), ASXL3 (3/73), FAT1 (3/73), ZFX (5/73), EZH1 (2/73), POT1 (2/73), and EZH2 (1/73). Among them, KMT2D might be the candidate driver gene of PA. Crucially, 5 patients carried somatic mutations in CDC73, showed an aggressive phenotype similar to that of parathyroid carcinoma (PC), and had a decreased expression of parafibromin. Pathway analysis of recurrent potential PA-associated driver variant genes revealed functional enrichments in the signaling pathway of Notch. CONCLUSION Our study expanded the pathogenic variant spectrum of PA and indicated that KMT2D might be a novel candidate driver gene and be considered as a diagnostic biomarker for PA. Meanwhile, CDC73 mutations might be an early developmental event from PA to PC. The results provided insights into elucidating the pathogenesis of parathyroid tumorigenesis and a certain basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tao
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lin
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Youben Fan
- Center of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Center of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianzhao Deng
- Center of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiong Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chengkun Chen
- Center of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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10
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Wang Y, Li J, Hao P, Li J, Han R, Lin J, Li X. Integrated Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Indicated Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36735267 PMCID: PMC9907373 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the molecular background of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas (SCs), we conducted the integrated whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing for eyelid SCs in this study. Methods The genetic alterations were studied by whole-exome sequencing, and the messenger RNA expression was studied using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) in five paired fresh eyelid SC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Integrated analysis of exome and transcriptomic information was conducted for filtering candidate driver genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of filtered candidate genes was analyzed by STRING. The protein expression was verified by immunohistochemistry in 29 eyelid SCs and 17 compared normal sebaceous gland tissues. Results The average numbers of pathogenic somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in eyelid SCs were 75 and 28, respectively. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750), filaggrin 2 (FLG2), valosin-containing protein (VCP), and zinc finger protein 717 (ZNF717) were recurrent mutated genes. A mean of 844 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 1401 DEGs were downregulated in SC samples. The intersection of DEG-based pathways and mutation-based pathways was mainly involved in microbial infection and inflammation, immunodeficiency, cancer, lipid metabolism, and the other pathways. The intersection of DEGs and mutated genes consisted of 55 genes, of which 15 genes formed a PPI network with 4 clusters. The PPI cluster composed of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A) was involved in cholesterol metabolism. The expression of SCARB1 protein was found to be increased, whereas that of PPARG protein was decreased in eyelid SCs compared to that in the normal sebaceous glands. Conclusions Increased SCARB1 and decreased PPARG indicated that dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism might be involved in carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs. Translational Relevance The malfunction in cholesterol metabolism might advance our knowledge of the carcinogenesis of eyelid SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyong Lin
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China,Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Kim SW. Gene expression profiles in parathyroid adenoma and normal parathyroid tissue. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:289-304. [PMID: 35953114 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A parathyroid adenoma comprises 80-85% as a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. The clonal origin of most parathyroid adenomas suggests a defect at the level of the gene controlling growth of the parathyroid cell or the expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Two genes, MEN1 and CCND1, a tumor suppressor and a proto-oncogene respectively, have been solidly established as primary tumorigenic drivers in parathyroid adenomas. As well, germline and somatic mutation of other genes involved in cell cycle regulation or PTH regulation have been discovered in parathyroid adenomas. Moreover, comparative genomic studies between parathyroid adenomas and normal parathyroid tissues have suggested more complex genetic landscape. Microarray analysis have revealed differential expression profiles of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, growth factors, apoptotic pathway, or PTH synthesis or regulation pathway such as CASR, GCM2 and KL (Klotho). Furthermore, recent next-generation sequencing analysis reconfirmed previous finding or revealed novel finding, suggesting signal peptidase complex subunit (SPCS2), ribosomal proteins (RPL23, RPL26, RPN1, RPS25), the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (SEC11C, SEC11A, SEC61G), Klotho, cyclin D1, β-catenin, VDR, CaSR and GCM2 may be important factors contributing to the parathyroid adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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