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Chen H, Wu M, Chen M. Prognostic Significance of Albumin-Globulin Ratio in Urachal Carcinoma. Urol Int 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39342932 DOI: 10.1159/000540665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) has been used in the prognostic assessment of multiple solid malignancies, so far no research has confirmed the prognostic significance of AGR as a biomarker for urachal carcinoma. We analyzed the relationship between AGR and prognosis in urachal carcinoma, aiming to identify a promising prognostic biomarker for urachal carcinoma. METHODS We reviewed the clinical data of 25 patients diagnosed with urachal carcinoma in the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from January 2008 to October 2021. The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR was determined according to the receiver operator characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effect of preoperative AGR on the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze prognostic factors including preoperative AGR. RESULTS The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR in urachal carcinoma patients is 1.45. Low preoperative AGR is significantly associated with worse OS and RFS. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis indicated that low preoperative AGR is an independent and reliable factor to predict poor prognosis, OS, and RFS in urachal carcinoma patients. CONCLUSION Urachal carcinoma patients with low preoperative AGR have worse prognosis, and preoperative AGR is a valuable prognostic indicator for urachal carcinoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Chen
- Department of Urology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China,
| | - Menghai Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang E, Jing S, Wang F, Wang H, Fu S, Yang L, Tian J, Golijanin DJ, El-Deiry WS, Cheng L, Wang Z. Mesenchymal stem cells in tumor microenvironment: drivers of bladder cancer progression through mitochondrial dynamics and energy production. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:688. [PMID: 39304650 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial for the initiation, development, and metastasis of cancer. The impact and mechanism of MSCs on bladder cancer are uncertain. Here we analyzed 205 patient samples to explore the relationships between tumor-stroma ratio and clinicopathological features. A co-culture model and nude mouse transplantation were used to explore the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of MSCs on bladder cancer cells. We found that a high tumor-stroma ratio was significantly associated with a larger tumor size and higher T stage, pathological grade, number of vascular invasions, and poor overall survival. MSCs in TME promoted the ability of bladder cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade in vitro and in vivo. Next, we demonstrated that MSCs enhance mitochondrial autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis of bladder cancer cells, and increase energy production, thereby promoting bladder cancer cell progression. Kynurenine (Kyn) produced by MSCs could enhance mitochondrial function by activating the AMPK pathway. IDO1 inhibitor could reverse the tumor‑promoting effects of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that tryptophan metabolites Kyn of MSCs in TME could enhance mitochondrial function by activating the AMPK pathway, thereby promoting bladder cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Yang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suoshi Jing
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Medical experiment center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shengjun Fu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dragan J Golijanin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- The Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, RI, USA.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases; Gansu Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China.
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Yu N, Xu C, Jiang Y, Liu D, Lin L, Zheng G, Du J, Yang K, Zhong Q, Chen Y, Zheng Y. Characteristics of Abdominal Fat Based on CT Measurements to Predict Early Recurrence After Initial Surgery of NMIBC in Stage Ta/T1. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102199. [PMID: 39265258 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the predictive value of abdominal fat characteristics measured by computed tomography (CT) in identifying early recurrence within one year post-initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A predictive model integrating fat features and clinical factors was developed to guide individualized treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 203 NMIBC patients from two medical centers was conducted. Abdominal CT images were analyzed using 3D Slicer software. Spearman correlation, logistic regression, and the Lasso algorithm were employed for data analysis. Predictive efficacy was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). Calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS Significant differences in abdominal fat characteristics were found between the recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. All fat features positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), with bilateral perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) showing superior predictive performance. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of early recurrence, including tumor number, early perfusion chemotherapy, left and right PrFT, and visceral fat area (VFA) at umbilical and renal hilum levels. The Lasso-based model achieved an AUC of 0.904, outperforming existing models. CONCLUSION Abdominal fat characteristics, especially bilateral PrFT, strongly correlate with early recurrence in NMIBC. The Lasso-based model, integrating fat and clinical factors, offers superior predictive efficacy and could improve individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengfeng Yu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Dekai Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Lianghao Lin
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Gangfu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jiaqi Du
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kefan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qifeng Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Andersson E, Brådvik G, Nilsson FOL, Arpegård J, Strambi A, Kollberg P, Carlsson KS. Prevalence of diabetes and hospitalization due to poor glycemic control in people with bladder cancer or renal cell carcinoma in Sweden. BMC Urol 2024; 24:148. [PMID: 39020360 PMCID: PMC11253448 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) and Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most common urogenital cancers among both sexes, with a yearly global incidence of around 500 000 each. Both BC and RCC have been linked to diabetes. Poor glycemic control (malglycemia) is a serious consequence of diabetes and a possible consequence of systemic treatments used in BC and RCC. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetes and use of hospital-based care for malglycemia in people with BC or RCC. METHODS This Swedish retrospective population-based register study used national health-data registers for longitudinal data on cancer incidence covering 15 years, use of hospital-based health care, and filled prescriptions of outpatient medications. Study endpoints included co-prevalence of diabetes in individuals with BC/RCC, healthcare resource utilization due to malglycemia, use of systemic corticosteroids, and changes in diabetes management for people with concomitant type 2 diabetes. RESULTS We identified 36,620 and 15,581 individuals diagnosed with BC and RCC, respectively, between 2006 and 2019. The proportion of individuals registered with diabetes was 24% in BC and 23% in RCC. An association between BC/RCC and poor glycemic control was found, although the number of malglycemic events in hospital-based care were few (65/59 per 1000 individuals with diabetes and BC/RCC respectively with at least one event). An earlier switch to insulin-based diabetes management was observed in BC/RCC compared to matched individuals with type 2 diabetes but no cancer. The results also indicated an association between steroid treatment and poor glycemic control, and that systemic corticosteroids were more common among people with BC/RCC compared to diabetes controls. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of diabetes and increased use of systemic corticosteroid treatment observed in this large national study highlights the need for specific clinical management, risk-assessment, and monitoring of individuals with BC/RCC and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Andersson
- The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Råbyvägen 2, 223 61, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Brådvik
- The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Råbyvägen 2, 223 61, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Angela Strambi
- Pfizer AB, Solnavägen 3H, 113 63, Stockholm, Sweden
- Present address: Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Petter Kollberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Steen Carlsson
- The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Råbyvägen 2, 223 61, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Health Economics, Lund University, BMC F12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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Park JB, Moon GH, Cho A, Kwon M, Park JW, Yi EC, Kim H, Fukuda J, Kwak C, Ko YG, Chun YS. Neddylation of insulin receptor substrate acts as a bona fide regulator of insulin signaling and its implications for cancer cell migration. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:599-611. [PMID: 38272982 PMCID: PMC11016467 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Irregularities in insulin signaling have significantly increased the risk of various cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Within our study, we observed that inhibiting neddylation enhances cancer cell migration across different cancer types by activating both insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1 and IRS2), along with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notably, in the context of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients, whether they had type 2 diabetes mellitus or not, IRS1 and IRS2 displayed a parallel relationship with each other while exhibiting an inverse relationship with NEDD8. We also identified C-CBL as an E3 ligase responsible for neddylating IRS1 and IRS2, with clinical evidence further confirming a reciprocal relationship between C-CBL and pAKT, thereby reinforcing the tumor suppressive role of C-CBL. Altogether, these findings suggest that neddylation genuinely participates in IRS1 and IRS2-dependent insulin signaling, effectively suppressing cancer cell migration. Thus, caution is advised when considering neddylation inhibitors as a treatment option for cancer patients, particularly those presenting with insulin signaling dysregulations linked to conditions like obesity-related type 2 diabetes or hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bum Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ho Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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van Zutphen M, Beeren I, Aben KKH, van der Heijden AG, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LALM, Vrieling A. Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to risk of recurrence and progression after non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20459-20469. [PMID: 37800635 PMCID: PMC10652337 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may be associated with increased risk of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but evidence is limited and inconsistent. We examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with risk of recurrence and progression among patients with NMIBC. METHODS This prospective study included 1029 patients diagnosed with primary NMIBC between 2014 and 2017. Patients reported weight 2 years before diagnosis at baseline, and weight, waist and hip circumference at 3 months postdiagnosis. Associations were quantified using Cox proportional hazard analyses, adjusted for clinical and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS More than half of patients were overweight (49%) or obese (19%) after diagnosis. During a median follow-up time of 3.6 years, 371 patients developed ≥1 recurrence and 53 experienced progression. No associations with recurrence were observed for BMI (HRper 5 kg/m2 0.94; 95% CI 0.82, 1.07), waist circumference (HRper 10 cm 0.95; 95% CI 0.86, 1.05), or WHR (HRper 0.1 unit 0.90; 95% CI 0.76, 1.06). In contrast, higher BMI was associated with a 40% increased risk of progression, with only the 2-year prediagnosis association reaching statistical significance (HRper 5 kg/m2 1.42; 95% CI 1.09, 1.84). No associations for pre-to-postdiagnosis weight change were found. CONCLUSION General and abdominal obesity were not associated with recurrence risk among patients with NMIBC, but might be associated with increased risk of progression. Studies with sufficient sample size to stratify by tumor stage and treatment are needed to better understand whether and how obesity could influence prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek van Zutphen
- Department for Health EvidenceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ivy Beeren
- Department for Health EvidenceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Katja K. H. Aben
- Department for Health EvidenceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganisationUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - J. Alfred Witjes
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
- Department for Health EvidenceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alina Vrieling
- Department for Health EvidenceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Wang S, Ge C. High risk of non-cancer mortality in bladder cancer patients: evidence from SEER-Medicaid. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10203-10215. [PMID: 37270459 PMCID: PMC10423154 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate non-cancer causes of death and associated risk factors after bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis. METHODS Eligible BC patients were obtained from the SEER database. SEER*Stat software 8.3.9.2 was used to calculate the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). The proportions of different non-cancer cause of death were calculated and analyzed in different follow-up periods. Multivariate competing risk model was used to analyze the risk factors for death of BC and non-cancer diseases. RESULTS In total, 240,954 BC patients were included and 106,092 patients experienced death, with 37,205 (35.07%), 13,208 (12.45%) and 55,679 (52.48%) patients experienced BC, other cancer and non-cancer disease-related deaths, respectively. Overall SMR for BC patients who died from non-cancer diseases was 2.42 (95% CI [2.40-2.44]). Cardiovascular diseases were the most common non-cancer cause of death, followed by respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and infectious diseases. Multivariate competing risk analysis identified the following high-risk factors for non-cancer mortality: age > 60 years, male, whites, in situ stage, pathological type of transitional cell carcinoma, not receiving treatment (including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation), and widowed. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular diseases are the leading non-cancer cause of death in BC patients, followed by respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus and infectious diseases. Physicians should pay attention to the risk of death from these non-cancer diseases. Also, physicians should encourage patients to engage in more proactive self-surveillance and follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunde Wang
- Department of Urology, The ChenJiaqiao Hospital of ShaPingba District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010 People’s Republic of China
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Wu Y, Deng Y, Dai Z, Ma Y, Lyu L, Lei C, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Gao J. Estimates of bladder cancer burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16469-16481. [PMID: 37350559 PMCID: PMC10469723 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been listed as one of the risk factors for bladder cancer. We here estimated the global, regional, and national levels of bladder cancer burden attributable to high FPG from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Bladder cancer data attributable to high FPG were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and analyzed by age, sex, year, and location. Age-standardized rates were utilized to evaluate the burden between different populations. The temporal trend of the burden was estimated through the Joinpoint analysis. RESULTS In 2019, high FPG contributed to 22,823.33 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4694.88-48,962.26) deaths and 399,654.91 (95% UI, 81,609.35-865,890.95) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of bladder cancer globally. Since 1990, the global age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer attributable to high FPG increased apparently by 39.18% and 41.48%, respectively. During the last 30 years, high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer have increased in all countries. In 2019, Central Europe showed the greatest high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer, but Andean Latin America had the lowest rates. Nationally, Lebanon showed the greatest high FPG-related age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer in 2019. High FPG-attributable deaths and DALYs of bladder cancer were more considerable among males and older people. Countries with high SDI showed higher levels of age-standardized death and DALY rates of bladder cancer due to high FPG and presented remarkable upward trends in rates in the last 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Globally, the high FPG-associated bladder cancer burden has remarkably increased in all countries, and showed a higher level among countries with higher SDI. Monitoring FPG levels among patients with bladder cancer is critical to lower the corresponding burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of UrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of UrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lijuan Lyu
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Lei
- Department of EndocrinologyThe General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yizhen Li
- Department of OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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9
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Kiemeney LA. Editorial Concerning "The Association Between Diabetes Medication Use and Tumour Characteristics at Diagnosis in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Registry-Based Study". Bladder Cancer 2023; 9:83-85. [PMID: 38994476 PMCID: PMC11181817 DOI: 10.3233/blc-239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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10
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Global trends in the epidemiology of bladder cancer: challenges for public health and clinical practice. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:287-304. [PMID: 36914746 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the ten most common cancers globally, causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is, therefore, a substantial burden for health-care systems. The incidence of bladder cancer is affected by demographic trends, most notably population growth and ageing, as well as exposure to risk factors, especially tobacco smoking. Consequently, the incidence has not been stable throughout the world over time, nor will it be in the near future. Further primary prevention efforts are of the utmost importance to reduce the medical and financial burden of bladder cancer on populations and health-care systems. Simultaneously, less-invasive and lower-cost approaches for the diagnosis of both primary and recurrent bladder cancers are required to address challenges posed by the increasing shortage of health-care professionals and limited financial resources worldwide. In this regard, urinary biomarkers have demonstrated promising diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Awareness of the risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer should also be increased in society, particularly among health-care professionals and high-risk groups. Studies investigating the associations between lifestyle factors and bladder cancer outcomes are scarce and should be a research priority. In this Review, we outline global trends in bladder cancer incidence and mortality, and discuss the main risk factors influencing bladder cancer occurrence and outcomes. We then discuss the implications, challenges and opportunities of these epidemiological trends for public health and clinical practice.
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11
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Shu TD, Schumacher FR, Conroy B, Ponsky L, Mahran A, Bukavina L, Calaway A, Markt SC. Disparities in cause-specific mortality by race and sex among bladder cancer patients from the SEER database. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:521-531. [PMID: 36882598 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous literature shows that more bladder cancer patients overall die from causes other than the primary malignancy. Given known disparities in bladder cancer outcomes by race and sex, we aimed to characterize differences in cause-specific mortality for bladder cancer patients by these demographics. METHODS We identified 215,252 bladder cancer patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from 2000 to 2017 in the SEER 18 database. We calculated cumulative incidence of death from seven causes (bladder cancer, COPD, diabetes, heart disease, external, other cancer, other) to assess differences in cause-specific mortality between race and sex subgroups. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and Fine-Gray competing risk models to compare risk of bladder cancer-specific mortality between race and sex subgroups overall and stratified by cancer stage. RESULTS 17% of patients died from bladder cancer (n = 36,923), 30% died from other causes (n = 65,076), and 53% were alive (n = 113,253). Among those who died, the most common cause of death was bladder cancer, followed by other cancer and diseases of the heart. All race-sex subgroups were more likely than white men to die from bladder cancer. Compared to white men, white women (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.23) and Black women (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.49-1.66) had a higher risk of dying from bladder cancer, overall and stratified by stage. CONCLUSION Among bladder cancer patients, death from other causes especially other cancer and heart disease contributed a large proportion of mortality. We found differences in cause-specific mortality by race-sex subgroups, with Black women having a particularly high risk of dying from bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Shu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Britt Conroy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lee Ponsky
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amr Mahran
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura Bukavina
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam Calaway
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Xu P, Wu D, Liu X. A proposed grading scheme for predicting recurrence in medullary thyroid cancer based on the Ki67 index and metastatic lymph node ratio. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03328-4. [PMID: 36823341 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Ki67 index and lymph node ratio (LNR) have been proposed as components of alternative pathological classification schemes, but the most appropriate classification for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness of a new grading system combining the Ki67 index and LNR as a predictor of prognostic and disease-free survival (DFS) in MTC. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients with MTC who were registered at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China from June 2003 to October 2021. The DFS rates were assessed using risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression modeling to explore the relationship among pathological features, nutritional status and DFS. The Ki67 index (cutoff value: 5% and 10%) and LNR (cutoff value: 0.2 and 0.3) were combined to create a new grading system. RESULTS In total, 101 matched patients were assessed. The integrated grading system showed better separation of Kaplan Meier (KM) curves for DFS. As the grading stage progressed, there was a significant stepwise decrease in DFS, which was better than Ki67, LNR and N staging alone. According to the grading system, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION The proposed grading scheme demonstrated a better prognostic performance in MTC patients than the Ki67, LNR and N staging alone. However, larger scale studies are needed to further verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
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13
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van Zutphen M, Hof JP, Aben KK, Kampman E, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LA, Vrieling A. Adherence to lifestyle recommendations after non-muscle invasive bladder cancer diagnosis and risk of recurrence. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:681-690. [PMID: 36781128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are at a high risk of tumor recurrence. It has not been previously investigated if adherence to cancer prevention recommendations lowers the risk of recurrence. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the standardized lifestyle score measuring adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations was associated with the risk of recurrence and progression among patients with NMIBC. METHODS The study population included patients diagnosed with primary NMIBC between 2014 and 2017 from the prospective cohort UroLife. Lifestyle was assessed at baseline (n = 979; reflecting the prediagnosis period) and 3-mo postdiagnosis (n = 885). The standardized 2018 WCRF/AICR score was constructed based on recommendations for body weight, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake. We computed multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 3.7 y, 320 patients developed ≥1 recurrence(s) and 49 experienced progression. Patients in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of postdiagnosis WCRF/AICR scores had a lower risk of first bladder cancer recurrence (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.98). No associations were observed for multiple recurrences (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.15) or for the baseline score with either first (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.40) or multiple recurrences (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.31). Improving lifestyle after diagnosis (per 1-point increase) was not significantly associated with the risk of first or multiple recurrence(s) (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.02; HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.08, respectively). No associations were observed for bladder cancer progression, but the power was limited. CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations 3 mo after NMIBC diagnosis, but not before diagnosis, is associated with a decreased risk of first bladder cancer recurrence. More studies evaluating postdiagnosis lifestyles are needed to provide solid support for lifestyle recommendations for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek van Zutphen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper P Hof
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Kh Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus Alm Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Vrieling
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Wan B, Ma N, Lu W. Mendelian randomization investigation identified the causal relationship between body fat indexes and the risk of bladder cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14739. [PMID: 36700002 PMCID: PMC9869775 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have suggested that obesity is associated with the risk of bladder cancer (BCa). However, their causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to prove the causal relationship between obesity and the risk of BCa by using Mendelian randomization. Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with body fat indexes were screened from several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with more than 300,000 individuals. Summary-level genetic data of BCa-related GWAS were obtained from a European cohort with a sample size of 218,792. An inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the major MR analysis. The MR-Egger regression, IVW regression, leave-one-out test, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods were used to test the reliability and stability of MR results. Results Genetically predicted per 1-SD increase in body fat indexes (whole body fat mass, and the right leg, left leg, right arm, left arm, and trunk fat mass) were associated with increased BCa risk with values of 51.8%, 77.9%, 75.1%, 67.2%, 59.7%, and 36.6%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the genetically determined risk effect of obesity on BCa was stable and reliable. Conclusions Our study provided powerful evidence to support the causal hypothesis that the genetically predicted high body fat mass was associated with a risk increase for BCa. The finding is a new idea for drawing up prevention strategies for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China,Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weiying Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
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15
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Hsu SH, Syu DK, Wang YC, Liu CK, Chen MC. Metformin, Statin Use, and Female Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154469. [PMID: 35956087 PMCID: PMC9369723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in women has gradually increased. However, epidemiological studies on the relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and female CRC and the effect of metformin or statins on female CRC are insufficient. To determine their association, we conducted a population-based cohort study on women in Taiwan. We collected data on a total of 396,521 women aged 40 to 64 years old from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2009 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. We followed up on all participants in the cohort until the occurrence of CRC, the date for all death, or 31 December 2015. Full development of CRC was identified using the International Classification of Disease (ICD), 9th Revision, code 153. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards model. Both metformin (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.934–1.335, p = 0.227) and statin (aHR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.906–1.172, p = 0.645) use showed no association with female CRC in a multivariate analysis. The findings indicate that metformin and statin use showed no protective effect against female colorectal cancer (CRC). An additional randomized trial is necessary to investigate the effect of metformin and statin use in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
| | - De-Kai Syu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chiao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Kuang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-K.L.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Chih Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-K.L.); (M.-C.C.)
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16
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Udumyan R, Botteri E, Jerlstrom T, Montgomery S, Smedby KE, Fall K. Beta-blocker use and urothelial bladder cancer survival: a Swedish register-based cohort study. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:922-930. [PMID: 35881046 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent observational studies linked β-adrenergic receptor blocker use with improved survival in patients with several cancer types, but there is no information on the potential effects of β-blockers in patients with bladder cancer. Literature from pre-clinical studies is also limited, but urothelial cancer can exhibit significant overexpression of β-adrenergic receptors relative to normal urothelial tissue, suggesting that urothelial cancer may benefit from β-blockade therapy. We thus aimed to explore the possible association between β-blocker use and bladder cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) among patients with urothelial bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed during 2006-2014 and identified from the Swedish Cancer Register (n = 16,669) were followed until 31 December 2015. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of β-blockers dispensed within 90 days prior to cancer diagnosis with BCSM (primary outcome) and all-cause mortality, while controlling for socio-demographic factors, tumor characteristics, comorbidity, other medications and surgical procedures. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS Overall, β-blocker use was associated with lower BCSM [HR 0.88 (95%CI 0.81-0.96)]. Especially use of nonselective β-blockers showed a clear inverse association in comparison with both nonuse [0.66 (0.50-0.86)] and use of other antihypertensive medications [0.72 (0.54-0.95)]. The inverse association was most pronounced among patients with locally advanced/metastatic disease: [0.35 (0.18-0.68)]. A lower-magnitude inverse association was observed for selective β-blocker use [0.91 (0.83-0.99)]. Largely similar inverse associations were observed for hydrophilic [0.82 (0.70-0.95)] and lipophilic [0.91 (0.83-1.00)] β-blocker use. CONCLUSION β-blocker use, particularly of the nonselective type, was associated with lower BCSM, especially in patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzan Udumyan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Jerlstrom
- Department of Urology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rac1 as a Target to Treat Dysfunctions and Cancer of the Bladder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061357. [PMID: 35740379 PMCID: PMC9219850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder pathologies, very common in the aged population, have a considerable negative impact on quality of life. Novel targets are needed to design drugs and combinations to treat diseases such as overactive bladder and bladder cancers. A promising new target is the ubiquitous Rho GTPase Rac1, frequently dysregulated and overexpressed in bladder pathologies. We have analyzed the roles of Rac1 in different bladder pathologies, including bacterial infections, diabetes-induced bladder dysfunctions and bladder cancers. The contribution of the Rac1 protein to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells and their metastasis has been analyzed. Small molecules selectively targeting Rac1 have been discovered or designed, and two of them—NSC23766 and EHT 1864—have revealed activities against bladder cancer. Their mode of interaction with Rac1, at the GTP binding site or the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) interaction site, is discussed. Our analysis underlines the possibility of targeting Rac1 with small molecules with the objective to combat bladder dysfunctions and to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms. Finally, the interest of a Rac1 inhibitor to treat advanced chemoresistance prostate cancer, while reducing the risk of associated bladder dysfunction, is discussed. There is hope for a better management of bladder pathologies via Rac1-targeted approaches.
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18
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Pattenden T, Samaranayake D, Morton A, Thangasamy I. Bladder cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in Australia: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059144. [PMID: 35387834 PMCID: PMC8987786 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer is the third most common urological malignancy affecting Australians, with key modifiable risk factors. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people suffer from a higher prevalence of cancer-modifiable risk factors, are diagnosed with bladder cancer at a younger age, and have poorer survival rates compared with the general population. A comprehensive overview of the state of current knowledge on bladder cancer in this population is required. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science databases, along with appropriate grey literature sources will be conducted between the 1 April 2022 and 30 April 2022. The reference lists of all included studies will be reviewed for additional appropriate sources. The national bladder cancer dataset compiled by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare will also be included as a source. All relevant sources meeting inclusion criteria, published in English, from inception onwards will be included. Dual independent screening of titles and abstracts prior to full-text review will be undertaken for all identified results during the initial searches. Preliminary findings will be reviewed with stakeholders, to seek culturally appropriate feedback on the implications of the results. Results will be reported in tabular form, accompanied by a narrative synthesis with comparisons to the wider bladder cancer population. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics review will not be required, as only publicly available data will be analysed. Findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Pattenden
- Urology Department, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dhanika Samaranayake
- Urology Department, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Morton
- Urology Department, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isaac Thangasamy
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Urology Research Group, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Ferro M, Chiujdea S, Musi G, Lucarelli G, Giudice FD, Hurle R, Damiano R, Cantiello F, Mari A, Minervini A, Busetto GM, Carrieri G, Crocetto F, Barone B, Caputo VF, Cormio L, Ditonno P, Sciarra A, Terracciano D, Cioffi A, Luzzago S, Piccinelli M, Mistretta FA, Vartolomei MD, de Cobelli O. Impact of Age on Outcomes of Patients With Pure Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder: Multi-Institutional Cohort Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 20:e166-e172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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