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De Clercq P. Plants in the rearing of arthropod predators and parasitoids: benefits, constraints, and alternatives. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101139. [PMID: 37944695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the roles of plants in rearing systems for arthropod biological control agents, addressing benefits and drawbacks. The utilization of plant materials in mass rearing processes for predators and parasitoids serves various purposes. Natural rearing systems require plants for cultivating hosts or prey. Whereas these rearing systems can be economically viable, they also have important practical limitations. Alternative rearing strategies make use of plant components as sources of moisture or nutrients, and as living or oviposition substrates. Plant-derived foods, such as honey and pollen, can be used as stand-alone foods for the rearing of several omnivorous parasitoids and predators. Certain omnivorous predators show enhanced life table parameters when suboptimal food is supplemented with plant materials. However, the integration of plants into rearing systems introduces complexities that challenge their efficiency, as plant defenses and contaminants can impact natural enemy fitness. Therefore, alternatives to plant foods or substrates in the rearing environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Li W, Zou J, Yang X, Yang M, Jiang P, Wang X, Huang C, He Y. Identification of metabolizing enzyme genes associated with xenobiotics and odorants in the predatory stink bug Arma custos based on transcriptome analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18657. [PMID: 37576196 PMCID: PMC10412767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The predatory stink bug, Arma custos, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests. The lack of gene information related to xenobiotic detoxification and odorant degrading enzymes in the predator stink bugs to date has limited our ability for more in-depth studies of biological control. Hence, we conducted de novo assembly of the A. custos transcriptome from guts, antennae, and other tiussue samples of 5th instar larvae using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 91, 50 and 23 genes of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes were identified, respectively. Gene expansions of CYP3 and CYP4 clans and the hormone and pheromone processing CCE class were found in A. custos. Analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 37 CYPs, 14 CCEs and 8 GSTs were enriched in guts, and 6 CYPs, 5 CCEs and 2 GSTs were up-regulated in antennae, suggesting their potential roles on xenobiotics detoxification and ordorant degradation. Gene information data presented here could be useful for a deeper understanding of the ecology, physiology and behavior of this beneficial species and could be helpful to improve their bio-control efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Jingmiao Zou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Po Jiang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyang Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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3
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Li W, Wang X, Jiang P, Yang M, Li Z, Huang C, He Y. A full-length transcriptome and gene expression analysis of three detoxification gene families in a predatory stink bug, Picromerus lewisi. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1016582. [PMID: 36299261 PMCID: PMC9589283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1016582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The predatory stink bug P. Lewisi shows potential for Integrated Pest Management programs for controlling Lepidoptera pest insects in crops and forests. The importance of this insect for biological control has stimulated several studies into its biology and ecology. However, P. lewisi has little genetic information available. In the present study, PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina RNA-seq sequencing technologies were used to reveal the full-length transcriptome profiling and tissue-specific expression patterns of P. lewisi. A total of 12,997 high-quality transcripts with an average length of 2,292 bp were obtained from different stages of P. lewisi using SMRT sequencing. Among these, 12,101 were successfully annotated in seven public databases. A total of 67 genes of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, 43 carboxylesterase genes, and 18 glutathione S-transferase genes were identified, most of which were obtained with full-length ORFs. Then, tissue-specific expression patterns of 5th instar nymphs were analyzed using Illumina sequencing. Several candidate genes related to detoxification of insecticides and other xenobiotics as well as the degradation of odors, were identified in the guts and antennae of P. lewisi. The current study offered in-depth knowledge to understand the biology and ecology of this beneficial predator and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Po Jiang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimo Li
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Chunyang Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyang Huang, ; Yueping He,
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyang Huang, ; Yueping He,
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Royer P, Dumont F, Provost C, Lucas E. Selecting aggressiveness to improve biological control agents efficiency. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2022; 95:1589-1596. [PMID: 35966801 PMCID: PMC9358388 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In agroecosystems, omnivorous predators are recognized as potential biological control agents because of the numerous pest species they prey on. Nonetheless, it could be possible to enhance their efficiency through artificial selection on traits of economical or ecological relevance. Aggressiveness, which defines the readiness of an individual to display agonistic actions toward other individuals, is expected to be related to zoophagy, diet preferences and to a higher attack rate. The study aimed to assess the aggressiveness degree of the damsel bug, Nabis americoferus, and to estimate its heritability. We hypothesized that a high aggressiveness degree can be selected, and that males are more aggressive than females. Using artificial selection, we reared two separate populations, each composed of nine genetically isolated lines characterized by their different aggressiveness degree (aggressive, docile and non-selected). After three generations, we had efficiently selected aggressive behavior. The realized heritability was 0.16 and 0.27 for aggressiveness and docility in the first population. It was 0.25 and 0.23 for the second population. Males were more aggressive than females only for the second population. The potential of these individuals as biological control agents and the ecological consequences of aggressiveness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Royer
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), CP 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - François Dumont
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Caroline Provost
- Centre de Recherche Agroalimentaire de Mirabel - 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, QC J7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Eric Lucas
- Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), CP 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada
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Lartigue S, Yalaoui M, Belliard J, Caravel C, Jeandroz L, Groussier G, Calcagno V, Louâpre P, Dechaume‐Moncharmont F, Malausa T, Moreau J. Consistent variations in personality traits and their potential for genetic improvement of biocontrol agents:
Trichogramma evanescens
as a case study. Evol Appl 2021; 15:1565-1579. [PMID: 36330304 PMCID: PMC9624082 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the biological control of agricultural pests require improvements in the phenotyping methods used by practitioners to select efficient biological control agent (BCA) populations in industrial rearing or field conditions. Consistent inter‐individual variations in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) probably affect BCA efficiency, but have never been taken into account in the development of phenotyping methods, despite having characteristics useful for phenotyping: repeatable (by definition), often heritable, etc. We developed a video‐tracking method targeting animal personality traits and evaluated the feasibility of its use for genetic improvement in the BCA Trichogramma evanescens, by phenotyping 1,049 individuals from 24 isogenic lines. We found consistent individual variations in boldness, activity and exploration. Personality differences between the 24 isogenic lines suggested a genetic origin of the variations in activity and exploration (broad‐sense heritability estimates of 0.06 to 0.11) and revealed a trade‐off between exploration and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silène Lartigue
- ENGREF AgroParisTech Paris France
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté 6 Boulevard Gabriel 21000 Dijon France
| | - Myriam Yalaoui
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Jean Belliard
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Claire Caravel
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Louise Jeandroz
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Géraldine Groussier
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Vincent Calcagno
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté 6 Boulevard Gabriel 21000 Dijon France
| | | | - Thibaut Malausa
- UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE UCA CNRS 06903 Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté 6 Boulevard Gabriel 21000 Dijon France
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS & La Rochelle Université 79360 Villiers‐en‐bois France
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Ayelo PM, Yusuf AA, Pirk CW, Chailleux A, Mohamed SA, Deletre E. Terpenes from herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles attract Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of major tomato pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5255-5267. [PMID: 34310838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control plays a key role in reducing crop damage by Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), which cause huge yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) preys heavily on these pests, with satisfying control levels in tomato greenhouses. Although N. tenuis is known to be attracted to volatiles of tomato plants infested by T. absoluta and whitefly, little is known about the specific attractive compounds and the effect of prey density on the predator response. RESULTS Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that the attraction of N. tenuis to tomato volatiles was positively correlated with the density of T. absoluta infestation, unlike T. vaporariorum infestation. The predator was also attracted to volatiles of T. absoluta larval frass, but not to T. vaporariorum honeydew or T. absoluta sex pheromone. Among the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that characterised the attractive plants infested with 20 T. absoluta larvae, olfactometer bioassays revealed that N. tenuis is attracted to the monoterpenes α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene, β-phellandrene and β-ocimene, whereas (E)-β-caryophyllene was found to repel the predator. In dose-response bioassays, the five-component blend of the attractants elicited a relatively low attraction in the predator, and removal of β-phellandrene from the blend enhanced the attraction of the predator to the resulting four-component blend, suggesting synergism among four monoterpenes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a four-component blend of α-pinene, α-phellandrene, 3-carene and β-ocimene could be used as a kairomone-based lure to recruit the predator for the biological control of T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi A Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christian Ww Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Biopass2, Cirad-IRD-ISRA-UGB - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Université Gaston Berger, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emilie Deletre
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- UPR HORTSYS, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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7
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Moosmann M, Cuenca-Cambronero M, De Lisle S, Greenway R, Hudson CM, Lürig MD, Matthews B. On the evolution of trophic position. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2549-2562. [PMID: 34553481 PMCID: PMC9290349 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The trophic structure of food webs is primarily determined by the variation in trophic position among species and individuals. Temporal dynamics of food web structure are central to our understanding of energy and nutrient fluxes in changing environments, but little is known about how evolutionary processes shape trophic position variation in natural populations. We propose that trophic position, whose expression depends on both environmental and genetic determinants of the diet variation in individual consumers, is a quantitative trait that can evolve via natural selection. Such evolution can occur either when trophic position is correlated with other heritable morphological and behavioural traits under selection, or when trophic position is a target of selection, which is possible if the fitness effects of prey items are heterogeneously distributed along food chains. Recognising trophic position as an evolving trait, whose expression depends on the food web context, provides an important conceptual link between behavioural foraging theory and food web dynamics, and a useful starting point for the integration of ecological and evolutionary studies of trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cuenca-Cambronero
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan Greenway
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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8
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Dumont F, Lucas É, Alomar O. Oviposition behavior of the mirid Macrolophus pygmaeus under risk of intraguild predation and cannibalism. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:224-230. [PMID: 31916362 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zoophytophagous mirid species, that feed and develop either on prey or plant resources, are often found simultaneously on the same host. Hence, these species can engage in both intraguild predation and cannibalism, which can pose a threat to mirid eggs. Ovipositing females may respond to such risks of predation on their eggs by reducing the number of eggs laid or selecting safer oviposition sites. We tested the oviposition behavior of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) females under the risk of cannibalism by M. pygmaeus males and intraguild predation by Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) males (Hemiptera: Miridae) under laboratory conditions. Intraguild predators and cannibals were introduced during or after the oviposition period. The number of eggs laid (using counts of newly hatched nymphs) and their proportion on each part of a tomato plant were both measured. The results reveal that only cannibalism by M. pygmaeus males after the period of oviposition significantly decreased the number of hatched eggs. Cannibalism thus represents a greater risk to mirid eggs than intraguild predation. The M. pygmaeus female responded to the presence of potential intraguild predators (or competitors) by decreasing the number of eggs laid in the upper leaves. The results suggest that M. pygmaeus females avoid competition by N. tenuis, by laying fewer eggs on upper leaves. Cannibalism could regulate zoophytophagous predator populations under prey scarcity conditions and minimize the risk of crop damage associated with those biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Dumont
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Éric Lucas
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar Alomar
- Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
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Cruz-Miralles J, Cabedo-López M, Guzzo M, Ibáñez-Gual V, Flors V, Jaques JA. Plant-feeding may explain why the generalist predator Euseius stipulatus does better on less defended citrus plants but Tetranychus-specialists Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis do not. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:167-182. [PMID: 33483836 PMCID: PMC7851013 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The generalist predator Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) and the Tetranychidae-specialist predators Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot play a key role in the regulation of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Spanish citrus orchards. Previous studies have shown that sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni hort. ex Tan.) display extreme resistance and susceptibility to T. urticae, respectively. When offered a choice between these two genotypes infested by T. urticae, E. stipulatus preferred Cleopatra mandarin, whereas the specialists did not show any preference. The present study was undertaken to check whether these preferences could be related to the feeding of E. stipulatus on the host plant and/or to differences in prey feeding on the two plants. Our results demonstrate that E. stipulatus is a zoophytophagous mite, which can engage in direct plant feeding in sour orange and Cleopatra mandarin, whereas neither N. californicus nor P. persimilis do so. Whereas Cleopatra mandarin provided a higher-quality prey/feeding substrate for E. stipulatus, which may be related to its phytophagy, no differences were observed for the two specialists. As higher constitutive and faster inducible defense against T. urticae in sour orange relative to Cleopatra mandarin plants result in sour orange supporting lower T. urticae densities and plant damage, our results demonstrate that pest regulation by specialist natural enemies may be more effective when prey feed on better defended plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Cruz-Miralles
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marc Cabedo-López
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Michela Guzzo
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Victoria Ibáñez-Gual
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Jaume I, UJI, Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Integración Metabólica y Señalización Celular, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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10
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Pérez-Hedo M, Riahi C, Urbaneja A. Use of zoophytophagous mirid bugs in horticultural crops: Current challenges and future perspectives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:33-42. [PMID: 32776672 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of predatory mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in horticultural crops has increased considerably. Mirid bugs are zoophytophagous predators, that is, they display omnivorous behavior and feed on both plants and arthropods. Mirid bugs feed effectively on a wide range of prey, such as whiteflies, lepidopteran eggs and mites. In addition, the phytophagous behavior of mirid bugs can activate defenses in the plants on which they feed. Despite the positive biological attributes, their use still presents some constraints. Their establishment and retention on the crop is not always easy and economic plant damage can be caused by some mirid species. In this review, the current strategies for using zoophytophagous mirid bugs in horticultural crops, mainly Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus pygmaeus and Dicyphus hesperus, are reviewed. We discuss six different approaches which, in our opinion, can optimize the efficacy of mirids as biocontrol agents and help expand their use into more areas worldwide. In this review we (i) highlight the large number of species and biotypes which are yet to be described and explore their applicability, (ii) present how it is possible to take advantage of the mirid-induced plant defenses to improve pest management, (iii) argue that genetic selection of improved mirid strains is feasible, (iv) explore the use of companion plants and the use of alternative foods to improve the mirid bug management, and finally (vi) discuss strategies for the expansion of mirid bugs as biological control agents to horticultural crops other than just tomatoes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Chaymaa Riahi
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
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11
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Bielza P, Balanza V, Cifuentes D, Mendoza JE. Challenges facing arthropod biological control: identifying traits for genetic improvement of predators in protected crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3517-3526. [PMID: 32281233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey-density dependence, non-suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non-prey food (supplemented or plant-derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bielza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Virginia Balanza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Dina Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José E Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Roda A, Castillo J, Allen C, Urbaneja A, Pérez-Hedo M, Weihman S, Stansly PA. Biological Control Potential and Drawbacks of Three Zoophytophagous Mirid Predators against Bemisia tabaci in the United States. INSECTS 2020; 11:E670. [PMID: 33019565 PMCID: PMC7600543 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Miridae (Hemiptera) of the tribe Dicyphini are important zoophytophagous predators use to control pest arthropods in vegetable crops. However, the risk that their herbivory may cause economic damage could hinder their application as useful biocontrol agents and may limit the likelihood they would meet regulatory requirements for importation. We conducted field cage studies to assess the predation capacity and tomato plant damage of three mirid species established in south USA, a known biocontrol agent (Nesidiocoris tenuis), and two native species (Macrolophus praeclarus and Engytatus modestus). All three species significantly reduced the number of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) on tomato plants compared to tomato plants without mirids. More damage, evaluated as the number of necrotic rings, was observed on tomato plants with E. modestus and N. tenuis compared to M. praeclarus. In our experiments that included sesame plants (Sesamum indicum) with tomato plants, mirid numbers increased despite a low number of prey, thus showing a benefit of the plant-feeding habit of these predators. USA's established mirids may therefore prove to be immediately available biological agents for the management of present and future tomato pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Roda
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Miami, FL 33158, USA; (C.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Jose Castillo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (J.C.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Carina Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Miami, FL 33158, USA; (C.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad de Entomología, Carretera CV-315, Km 10′7, 46113 Moncada, Spain; (A.U.); (M.P.-H.)
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad de Entomología, Carretera CV-315, Km 10′7, 46113 Moncada, Spain; (A.U.); (M.P.-H.)
| | - Scott Weihman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Miami, FL 33158, USA; (C.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Philip A. Stansly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (J.C.); (P.A.S.)
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Chinchilla-Ramírez M, Pérez-Hedo M, Pannebakker BA, Urbaneja A. Genetic Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Isofemale Lines of Nesidiocoris tenuis. INSECTS 2020; 11:E513. [PMID: 32784780 PMCID: PMC7469200 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zoophytophagous predators provide biocontrol services in various major crops of modern horticulture due to the combination of its predatory capacity and the induction of plant defenses derived from its phytophagy. However, under certain conditions of prey scarcity, these natural enemies can inflict plant damage. Exploitation of genetic variation and subsequent selective breeding on foraging traits is a potential alternative to overcome this inconvenience. In this study, we quantified the genetic variation of phytophagy and zoophagy of Nesidiocoristenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a zoophytophagous predator widely used in tomato crops to suppress key pests. We compared nine isofemale lines on their capacity to produce necrotic rings and wilting on tomato plants as a proxy for phytophagy, as well as their efficacy to prey on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, as a proxy for zoophagy. Differences between isofemale lines in phytophagy and zoophagy indicated a genetic basis. Variation found in the zoophagy levels was larger than that in phytophagy levels. Our results showed that there is a genetic basis for the variation observed in the feeding behavior of isofemale lines of N.tenuis, highlighting the potential importance of selective breeding for such traits of biocontrol interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Chinchilla-Ramírez
- Unidad de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10,7, 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain; (M.P.-H.); (A.U.)
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Unidad de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10,7, 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain; (M.P.-H.); (A.U.)
| | - Bart A. Pannebakker
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Genetics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Unidad de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), CV-315, Km. 10,7, 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain; (M.P.-H.); (A.U.)
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Dumont F, Réale D, Lucas É. Can Isogroup Selection of Highly Zoophagous Lines of a Zoophytophagous Bug Improve Biocontrol of Spider Mites in Apple Orchards? INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090303. [PMID: 31540397 PMCID: PMC6780391 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zoophytophagous predators provide benefits in agroecosystems when feeding on pests, but they can also cause crop damage. Optimizing the use of zoophytophagous predators as biocontrol agents would require improving pest control and/or limiting damage. Populations of a zoophytophagous species can be composed of a mix of individuals diverging in their level of diet specialization. Consequently, depending on their level of zoophagy, individuals would vary widely in the benefits and risks they provide to pest management. We tested the hypothesis that manipulating the composition of the population of a zoophytophagous insect, the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Hemiptera: Miridae), towards an increased zoophagy would increase their net benefit in an apple orchard. We compared the inherent benefits and risks of two different isogroup lines of mullein bug that genetically differed in their level of zoophagy. In spring, when damage occurs, both strains infrequently punctured apple fruit, which rarely lead to damage and therefore represented a low risk. During summer, only the highly-zoophagous line impacted the spider mite population, while the lowly-zoophagous line did not differ from the control treatments. We concluded that manipulating the composition of the zoophytophagous predator population provided extra net benefits that improved pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Dumont
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Éric Lucas
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Eschweiler J, van Holstein-Saj R, Kruidhof HM, Schouten A, Messelink GJ. Tomato Inoculation With a Non-pathogenic Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Enhances Pest Control by Changing the Feeding Preference of an Omnivorous Predator. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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