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Nishida S, Takano A, Suyama Y, Kakishima S. Detection of reproductive interference between closely related Salvia species with small-scale separated distributions by multifaceted pollination and molecular analyses. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6. [PMID: 39214907 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive interference, an interspecific interaction in reproductive process that exerts an adverse effect, has gained attention as a contributing factor in promoting exclusive distributions between closely related species. However, detailed studies on the possibility of reproductive interference between native plants are still lacking, presumably because strong reproductive interference can rapidly realize exclusive distributions, leaving the two species apparently independent. Salvia japonica and S. lutescens are found in separate localities at a small scale, although their distributions overlap at a large scale. We investigated the possibility of reproductive interference between them through field surveys, hand-pollination experiments, evaluation of hybrid fertility, cpDNA and nrDNA genotyping, and genome-wide DNA analysis. The field survey results did not reveal apparent negative interaction in competition for pollinator services. Mixed pollination with conspecific pollen and counterpart pollen reduced seed set in S. japonica, and hybrid progeny produced by mixed pollination were less than 20% as fertile compared to the pure species. The DNA genotyping results suggested the possibility of hybridization where their distributions overlap, and the genome-wide DNA analysis results showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species as well as the existence of hybrids. These results suggest that bi-directional reproductive interference between S. japonica and S. lutescens may have led to their present separated distributions at a small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nishida
- Nagoya University Museum, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Takano
- University of Hyogo/ Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1546, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Kawatabi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakishima
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
- The Mt. Fuji Institute for Nature and Biology, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
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2
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Suding KN, Collins CG, Hallett LM, Larios L, Brigham LM, Dudney J, Farrer EC, Larson JE, Shackelford N, Spasojevic MJ. Biodiversity in changing environments: An external-driver internal-topology framework to guide intervention. Ecology 2024; 105:e4322. [PMID: 39014865 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Accompanying the climate crisis is the more enigmatic biodiversity crisis. Rapid reorganization of biodiversity due to global environmental change has defied prediction and tested the basic tenets of conservation and restoration. Conceptual and practical innovation is needed to support decision making in the face of these unprecedented shifts. Critical questions include: How can we generalize biodiversity change at the community level? When are systems able to reorganize and maintain integrity, and when does abiotic change result in collapse or restructuring? How does this understanding provide a template to guide when and how to intervene in conservation and restoration? To this end, we frame changes in community organization as the modulation of external abiotic drivers on the internal topology of species interactions, using plant-plant interactions in terrestrial communities as a starting point. We then explore how this framing can help translate available data on species abundance and trait distributions to corresponding decisions in management. Given the expectation that community response and reorganization are highly complex, the external-driver internal-topology (EDIT) framework offers a way to capture general patterns of biodiversity that can help guide resilience and adaptation in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney G Collins
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Laurel M Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Emily C Farrer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julie E Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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3
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Gaubert J, Mercier PL, Martin G, Giovenazzo P, Derome N. Managing Microbiota Activity of Apis mellifera with Probiotic (Bactocell ®) and Antimicrobial (Fumidil B ®) Treatments: Effects on Spring Colony Strength. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1154. [PMID: 38930537 PMCID: PMC11205764 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Against a backdrop of declining bee colony health, this study aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of an antimicrobial (Fumidil B®, Can-Vet Animal Health Supplies Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada) and a probiotic (Bactocell®, Lallemand Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) on bees' microbiota and the health of their colonies after wintering. Therefore, colonies were orally exposed to these products and their combination before wintering in an environmental room. The results show that the probiotic significantly improved the strength of the colonies in spring by increasing the total number of bees and the number of capped brood cells. This improvement translated into a more resilient structure of the gut microbiota, highlighted by a more connected network of interactions between bacteria. Contrastingly, the antimicrobial treatment led to a breakdown in this network and a significant increase in negative interactions, both being hallmarks of microbiota dysbiosis. Although this treatment did not translate into a measurable colony strength reduction, it may impact the health of individual bees. The combination of these products restored the microbiota close to control, but with mixed results for colony performance. More tests will be needed to validate these results, but the probiotic Bactocell® could be administrated as a food supplement before wintering to improve colony recovery in spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Gaubert
- Derome Laboratory, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.-L.M.); (N.D.)
- Giovenazzo, Laboratory, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Pierre-Luc Mercier
- Derome Laboratory, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.-L.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Georges Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Deschambault, QC G0A 1S0, Canada;
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Giovenazzo, Laboratory, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Derome Laboratory, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.-L.M.); (N.D.)
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4
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Li A, Jin K, Zhang Y, Deng X, Chen Y, Wei X, Hu B, Jiang Y. Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiota in responding to long-term continuous cropping of tobacco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11274. [PMID: 38760388 PMCID: PMC11101450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil sickness a severe problem in tobacco production, leading to soil-borne diseases and reduce in tobacco yield. This occurs as a result of the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which is however, little studied until now. By combining the field investigation and pot experiment, we found the output yield consistently decreased during the first 10 years of continuous cropping in a tobacco field, but increased at the 15th year (15Y). The root exudate and rhizosphere bacterial community was further analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the suppressive soil formation. Root exudate of 15Y tobacco enriched in amino acids and derivatives, while depleted in the typical autotoxins including phenolic acids and alkaloids. This was correlated to the low microbial diversity in 15Y, but also the changes in community composition and topological properties of the co-occurrence network. Especially, the reduced autotoxins were associated with low Actinobacteria abundance, low network complexity and high network modularity, which significantly correlated with the recovered output yield in 15Y. This study revealed the coevolution of rhizosphere microbiota and root exudate as the soil domesticated by continuous cropping of tobacco, and indicated a potential role of the autotoxins and theirs effect on the microbial community in the formation of suppressive soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Horticulture Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Keke Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - YuZhen Zhang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Yonglei Jiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Smith GP, Cohen H, Zorn JF, McFrederick QS, Ponisio LC. Plant-pollinator network architecture does not impact intraspecific microbiome variability. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17306. [PMID: 38414303 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Variation in how individuals interact with food resources can directly impact, and be affected by, their microbial interactions due to the potential for transmission. The degree to which this transmission occurs, however, may depend on the structure of forager networks, which determine the community-scale transmission opportunities. In particular, how the community-scale opportunity for transfer balances individual-scale barriers to transmission is unclear. Examining the bee-flower and bee-microbial interactions of over 1000 individual bees, we tested (1) the degree to which individual floral visits predicted microbiome composition and (2) whether plant-bee networks with increased opportunity for microbial transmission homogenized the microbiomes of bees within that network. The pollen community composition carried by bees was associated with microbiome composition at some sites, suggesting that microbial transmission at flowers occurred. Contrary to our predictions, however, microbiome variability did not differ based on transfer opportunity: bee microbiomes in asymmetric networks with high opportunity for microbial transfer were similarly variable compared to microbiomes in networks with more evenly distributed links. These findings suggest that microbial transmission at flowers is frequent enough to be observed at the community level, but that community network structure did not substantially change the dynamics of this transmission, perhaps due to filtering processes in host guts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Smith
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Hamutahl Cohen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- University of California Cooperative Extension Ventura County, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Jocelyn F Zorn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lauren C Ponisio
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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6
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Waters SM, Mitchell RM, Brown ER, Taber EM. Prescribed fire increases plant-pollinator network robustness to losses of rare native forbs. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2928. [PMID: 37876286 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Restoration efforts often focus on changing the composition and structure of invaded plant communities, with two implicit assumptions: (1) functional interactions with species of other trophic levels, such as pollinators, will reassemble automatically when native plant diversity is restored and (2) restored communities will be more resilient to future stressors. However, the impact of restoration activities on pollinator richness, plant-pollinator interaction network structure, and network robustness is incompletely understood. Leveraging a restoration chronosequence in Pacific Northwest prairies, we examined the effects of restoration-focused prescribed fire and native forb replanting on floral resources, pollinator visitation, and plant-pollinator network structure. We then simulated the effects of plant species loss/removal scenarios on secondary extinction cascades in the networks. Specifically, we explored three management-relevant plant loss scenarios (removal of an abundant exotic forb, removal of an abundant forb designated a noxious weed, and loss of the rarest native forb) and compared them to control scenarios. Pyrodiversity and proportion of area recently burned increased the abundance and diversity of floral resources, with concomitant increases in pollinator visitation and diversity. Pyrodiversity also decreased network connectance and nestedness, increased modularity, and buffered networks against secondary extinction cascades. Rare forbs contributed disproportionately to network robustness in less restored prairies, while removal of typical "problem" plants like exotic and noxious species had relatively small impacts on network robustness, particularly in prairies with a long history of restoration activities. Restoration actions aimed mainly at improving the diversity and abundance of pollinator-provisioning plants may also produce plant-pollinator networks with increased resilience to plant species losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Mitchell
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ethan M Taber
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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7
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Graham NR, Krehenwinkel H, Lim JY, Staniczenko P, Callaghan J, Andersen JC, Gruner DS, Gillespie RG. Ecological network structure in response to community assembly processes over evolutionary time. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6489-6506. [PMID: 36738159 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic structure of ecological communities results from interactions among taxa that change with shifts in species composition in space and time. However, our ability to study the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes on community assembly remains relatively unexplored due to the difficulty of measuring community structure over long temporal scales. Here, we made use of a geological chronosequence across the Hawaiian Islands, representing 50 years to 4.15 million years of ecosystem development, to sample 11 communities of arthropods and their associated plant taxa using semiquantitative DNA metabarcoding. We then examined how ecological communities changed with community age by calculating quantitative network statistics for bipartite networks of arthropod-plant associations. The average number of interactions per species (linkage density), ratio of plant to arthropod species (vulnerability) and uniformity of energy flow (interaction evenness) increased significantly in concert with community age. The index of specializationH 2 ' has a curvilinear relationship with community age. Our analyses suggest that younger communities are characterized by fewer but stronger interactions, while biotic associations become more even and diverse as communities mature. These shifts in structure became especially prominent on East Maui (~0.5 million years old) and older volcanos, after enough time had elapsed for adaptation and specialization to act on populations in situ. Such natural progression of specialization during community assembly is probably impeded by the rapid infiltration of non-native species, with special risk to younger or more recently disturbed communities that are composed of fewer specialized relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Graham
- Department of Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Henrik Krehenwinkel
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Jun Ying Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phillip Staniczenko
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jackson Callaghan
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeremy C Andersen
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Yang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Feng M, Cheng H, Zhang P, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhang M. The Impact of Warming on Assembly Processes and Diversity Patterns of Bacterial Communities in Mesocosms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2807. [PMID: 38004818 PMCID: PMC10672829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in lake water bodies and sediments play crucial roles in various biogeochemical processes. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterioplankton and sedimentary bacteria community composition and assembly processes across multiple seasons in 18 outdoor mesocosms exposed to three temperature scenarios. Our findings reveal that warming and seasonal changes play a vital role in shaping microbial diversity, species interactions, and community assembly disparities in water and sediment ecosystems. We observed that the bacterioplankton networks were more fragile, potentially making them susceptible to disturbances, whereas sedimentary bacteria exhibited increased stability. Constant warming and heatwaves had contrasting effects: heatwaves increased stability in both planktonic and sedimentary bacteria communities, but planktonic bacterial networks became more fragile under constant warming. Regarding bacterial assembly, stochastic processes primarily influenced the composition of planktonic and sedimentary bacteria. Constant warming intensified the stochasticity of bacterioplankton year-round, while heatwaves caused a slight shift from stochastic to deterministic in spring and autumn. In contrast, sedimentary bacteria assembly is mainly dominated by drift and remained unaffected by warming. Our study enhances our understanding of how bacterioplankton and sedimentary bacteria communities respond to global warming across multiple seasons, shedding light on the complex dynamics of microbial ecosystems in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yifeng Yan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Jinhe Huang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhaolei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Mingjun Feng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Haowu Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
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9
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Dritz S, Nelson RA, Valdovinos FS. The role of intra-guild indirect interactions in assembling plant-pollinator networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5797. [PMID: 37723167 PMCID: PMC10507117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the assembly of plant-pollinator communities has become critical to their conservation given the rise of species invasions, extirpations, and species' range shifts. Over the course of assembly, colonizer establishment produces core interaction patterns, called motifs, which shape the trajectory of assembling network structure. Dynamic assembly models can advance our understanding of this process by linking the transient dynamics of colonizer establishment to long-term network development. In this study, we investigate the role of intra-guild indirect interactions and adaptive foraging in shaping the structure of assembling plant-pollinator networks by developing: 1) an assembly model that includes population dynamics and adaptive foraging, and 2) a motif analysis tracking the intra-guild indirect interactions of colonizing species throughout their establishment. We find that while colonizers leverage indirect competition for shared mutualistic resources to establish, adaptive foraging maintains the persistence of inferior competitors. This produces core motifs in which specialist and generalist species coexist on shared mutualistic resources which leads to the emergence of nested networks. Further, the persistence of specialists develops richer and less connected networks which is consistent with empirical data. Our work contributes new understanding and methods to study the effects of species' intra-guild indirect interactions on community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dritz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA
| | - Fernanda S Valdovinos
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, 350 East Quad, Davis, CA, 945616, USA.
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10
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Plant invasion drives liana and tree community assemblages and liana-tree network structure in two moist semi-deciduous forests in Ghana. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Shabalin SA. Microstatial Distribution of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in Horse Excrement in the Southern Sikhote-Alina, Russia. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Wang X, Li Y, Yan Z, Hao Y, Kang E, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang K, Yan L, Yang A, Niu Y, Kang X. The divergent vertical pattern and assembly of soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to short-term warming in an alpine peatland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986034. [PMID: 36160969 PMCID: PMC9493461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities are crucial in ecosystem-level decomposition and nutrient cycling processes and are sensitive to climate change in peatlands. However, the response of the vertical distribution of microbial communities to warming remains unclear in the alpine peatland. In this study, we examined the effects of warming on the vertical pattern and assembly of soil bacterial and fungal communities across three soil layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) in the Zoige alpine peatland under a warming treatment. Our results showed that short-term warming had no significant effects on the alpha diversity of either the bacterial or the fungal community. Although the bacterial community in the lower layers became more similar as soil temperature increased, the difference in the vertical structure of the bacterial community among different treatments was not significant. In contrast, the vertical structure of the fungal community was significantly affected by warming. The main ecological process driving the vertical assembly of the bacterial community was the niche-based process in all treatments, while soil carbon and nutrients were the main driving factors. The vertical structure of the fungal community was driven by a dispersal-based process in control plots, while the niche and dispersal processes jointly regulated the fungal communities in the warming plots. Plant biomass was significantly related to the vertical structure of the fungal community under the warming treatments. The variation in pH was significantly correlated with the assembly of the bacterial community, while soil water content, microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass phosphorous (MBC/MBP), and microbial biomass nitrogen/ microbial biomass phosphorous (MBN/MBP) were significantly correlated with the assembly of the fungal community. These results indicate that the vertical structure and assembly of the soil bacterial and fungal communities responded differently to warming and could provide a potential mechanism of microbial community assembly in the alpine peatland in response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Yong Li
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Zhongqing Yan
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Kang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Meng Li
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Kerou Zhang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
| | - Yuechuan Niu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Kang
- Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, China
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13
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Yu W, Li J, Ma X, Lv T, Wang L, Li J, Liu C. Community structure and function of epiphytic bacteria attached to three submerged macrophytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155546. [PMID: 35489510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, large amounts of epiphytic bacteria living on the leaf surfaces of submerged macrophytes play important roles in affecting plant growth and biogeochemical cycling. The restoration of different submerged macrophytes has been considered an effective measure to improve eutrophic lakes. However, the community ecology of epiphytic bacteria is far from well understood for different submerged macrophytes. In this study, we used quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and functional prediction analysis to explore the structure and function of epiphytic bacteria in an aquatic ecosystem recovered by three submerged macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton maackianus) during two growth periods. The results showed that the community compositions and functions of epiphytic bacterial communities on the submerged macrophyte hosts were different from those of the planktonic bacterial communities in the surrounding water. The alpha diversity of the epiphytic bacterial community was significantly higher in October than in July, and the community compositions and functions differed significantly in July and October. Among the three submerged macrophytes, the structures and functions of the epiphytic bacterial community exhibited obvious differences, and some specific taxa were enriched on the biofilms of the three plants. The alpha diversity and the abundance of functions related to nitrogen and phosphorus transformation were higher in the epiphytic bacteria of P. maackianus. In summary, these results provide clues for understanding the distribution and formation mechanisms of epiphytic bacteria on submerged macrophyte leaves and their roles in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiahe Li
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ligong Wang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiaru Li
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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14
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Signals of Potential Species Associations Offer Clues about Community Organisation of Stream Fish across Seasons. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131721. [PMID: 35804620 PMCID: PMC9265093 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Species interactions are one of the main factors affecting community assembly, yet the role of such interactions remains mostly unknown. Here, we investigated roles of potential species associations in fish community assembly in the Qiupu River, China. Our results suggested that potential species associations might have been underestimated in stream fish community assembly. The contribution of potential species associations to fish community assembly can be reflected by interaction network structures. Omnivorous species play an important role in maintaining network structure as they may have more associations with other species. This study highlights the importance of capturing species associations in river ecosystems across different geographical and environmental settings. Abstract Environmental filtering, spatial factors and species interactions are fundamental ecological mechanisms for community organisation, yet the role of such interactions across different environmental and spatial settings remains mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated fish community organisation scenarios and seasonal species-to-species associations potentially reflecting biotic associations along the Qiupu River (China). Based on a latent variable approach and a tree-based method, we compared the relative contribution of the abiotic environment, spatial covariates and potential species associations for variation in the community structure, and assessed whether different assembly scenarios were modulated by concomitant changes in the interaction network structure of fish communities across seasons. We found that potential species associations might have been underestimated in community-based assessments of stream fish. Omnivore species, since they have more associations with other species, were found to be key components sustaining fish interaction networks across different stream orders. Hence, we suggest that species interactions, such as predation and competition, likely played a key role in community structure. For instance, indices accounting for network structure, such as connectance and nestedness, were strongly correlated with the unexplained residuals from our latent variable approach, thereby re-emphasising that biotic signals, potentially reflecting species interactions, may be of primary importance in determining stream fish communities across seasons. Overall, our findings indicate that interaction network structures are a powerful tool to reflect the contribution of potential species associations to community assembly. From an applied perspective, this study should encourage freshwater ecologists to empirically capture and manage biotic constraints in stream ecosystems across different geographical and environmental settings, especially in the context of the ever-increasing impacts of human-induced local extinction debts and species invasions.
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15
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Abstract
Community structure detection is an important and valuable task in financial network studies as it forms the basis of many statistical applications such as prediction, risk analysis, and recommendation. Financial networks have a natural multi-grained structure that leads to different community structures at different levels. However, few studies pay attention to these multi-part features of financial networks. In this study, we present a geometric coarse graining method based on Voronoi regions of a financial network. Rather than studying the dense structure of the network, we perform our analysis on the triangular maximally filtering of a financial network. Such filtered topology emerges as an efficient approach because it keeps local clustering coefficients steady and it underlies the network geometry. Moreover, in order to capture changes in coarse grains geometry throughout a financial stress, we study Haantjes curvatures of paths that are the farthest from the center in each of the Voronoi regions. We performed our analysis on a network representation comprising the stock market indices BIST (Borsa Istanbul), FTSE100 (London Stock Exchange), and Nasdaq-100 Index (NASDAQ), across three financial crisis periods. Our results indicate that there are remarkable changes in the geometry of coarse grains.
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16
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Cogni R, Quental TB, Guimarães PR. Ehrlich and Raven escape and radiate coevolution hypothesis at different levels of organization: Past and future perspectives. Evolution 2022; 76:1108-1123. [PMID: 35262199 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The classic paper by Ehrlich and Raven on coevolution will soon be 60 years old. Although they were not the first to develop the idea of coevolution, their thought-provoking paper certainly popularized this idea and inspired several generations of scientists interested in coevolution. Here, we describe some of their main contributions, quantitatively measure the impact of their seminal paper on different fields of research, and discuss how ideas related to their original paper might push the study of coevolution forward. To guide our discussion, we explore their original hypothesis into three research fields that are associated with distinct scales/levels of organization: (1) the genetic mechanisms underlying coevolutionary interactions; (2) the potential association between coevolutionary diversification and the organization of ecological networks; and (3) the micro- and macroevolutionary mechanisms and expected patterns under their hypothesis. By doing so, we discuss potentially overlooked aspects and future directions for the study of coevolutionary dynamics and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cogni
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago B Quental
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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17
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Krabberød AK, Deutschmann IM, Bjorbækmo MFM, Balagué V, Giner CR, Ferrera I, Garcés E, Massana R, Gasol JM, Logares R. Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:22. [PMID: 35526063 PMCID: PMC9080219 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocean microbes constitute ~ 70% of the marine biomass, are responsible for ~ 50% of the Earth's primary production and are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles. Marine microbiotas include core taxa that are usually key for ecosystem function. Despite their importance, core marine microbes are relatively unknown, which reflects the lack of consensus on how to identify them. So far, most core microbiotas have been defined based on species occurrence and abundance. Yet, species interactions are also important to identify core microbes, as communities include interacting species. Here, we investigate interconnected bacteria and small protists of the core pelagic microbiota populating a long-term marine-coastal observatory in the Mediterranean Sea over a decade. RESULTS Core microbes were defined as those present in > 30% of the monthly samples over 10 years, with the strongest associations. The core microbiota included 259 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) including 182 bacteria, 77 protists, and 1411 strong and mostly positive (~ 95%) associations. Core bacteria tended to be associated with other bacteria, while core protists tended to be associated with bacteria. The richness and abundance of core OTUs varied annually, decreasing in stratified warmers waters and increasing in colder mixed waters. Most core OTUs had a preference for one season, mostly winter, which featured subnetworks with the highest connectivity. Groups of highly associated taxa tended to include protists and bacteria with predominance in the same season, particularly winter. A group of 13 highly-connected hub-OTUs, with potentially important ecological roles dominated in winter and spring. Similarly, 18 connector OTUs with a low degree but high centrality were mostly associated with summer or autumn and may represent transitions between seasonal communities. CONCLUSIONS We found a relatively small and dynamic interconnected core microbiota in a model temperate marine-coastal site, with potential interactions being more deterministic in winter than in other seasons. These core microbes would be essential for the functioning of this ecosystem over the year. Other non-core taxa may also carry out important functions but would be redundant and non-essential. Our work contributes to the understanding of the dynamics and potential interactions of core microbes possibly sustaining ocean ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Krabberød
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ina M Deutschmann
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marit F M Bjorbækmo
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Balagué
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina R Giner
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Ferrera
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO-CSIC, 29640, Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Massana
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Ofosu‐Bamfo B, Addo‐Fordjour P, Belford EJ. Edge disturbance shapes liana diversity and abundance but not liana-tree interaction network patterns in moist semi-deciduous forests, Ghana. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8585. [PMID: 35371433 PMCID: PMC8859495 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge disturbance can drive liana community changes and alter liana-tree interaction networks, with ramifications for forest functioning. Understanding edge effects on liana community structure and liana-tree interactions is therefore essential for forest management and conservation. We evaluated the response patterns of liana community structure and liana-tree interaction structure to forest edge in two moist semi-deciduous forests in Ghana (Asenanyo and Suhuma Forest Reserves: AFR and SFR, respectively). Liana community structure and liana-tree interactions were assessed in 24 50 × 50 m randomly located plots in three forest sites (edge, interior and deep-interior) established at 0-50 m, 200 m and 400 m from edge. Edge effects positively and negatively influenced liana diversity in forest edges of AFR and SFR, respectively. There was a positive influence of edge disturbance on liana abundance in both forests. We observed anti-nested structure in all the liana-tree networks in AFR, while no nestedness was observed in the networks in SFR. The networks in both forests were less connected, and thus more modular and specialised than their null models. Many liana and tree species were specialised, with specialisation tending to be symmetrical. The plant species played different roles in relation to modularity. Most of the species acted as peripherals (specialists), with only a few species having structural importance to the networks. The latter species group consisted of connectors (generalists) and hubs (highly connected generalists). Some of the species showed consistency in their roles across the sites, while the roles of other species changed. Generally, liana species co-occurred randomly on tree species in all the forest sites, except edge site in AFR where lianas showed positive co-occurrence. Our findings deepen our understanding of the response of liana communities and liana-tree interactions to forest edge disturbance, which are useful for managing forest edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Ofosu‐Bamfo
- Department of Basic and Applied BiologySchool of SciencesUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana
| | - Patrick Addo‐Fordjour
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyFaculty of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer J.D. Belford
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyFaculty of BiosciencesCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Marjakangas E, Muñoz G, Turney S, Albrecht J, Neuschulz EL, Schleuning M, Lessard J. Trait‐based inference of ecological network assembly: a conceptual framework and methodological toolbox. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma‐Liina Marjakangas
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gabriel Muñoz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Shaun Turney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F), Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jean‐Philippe Lessard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal Quebec Canada
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20
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Strona G, Beck PSA, Cabeza M, Fattorini S, Guilhaumon F, Micheli F, Montano S, Ovaskainen O, Planes S, Veech JA, Parravicini V. Ecological dependencies make remote reef fish communities most vulnerable to coral loss. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7282. [PMID: 34907163 PMCID: PMC8671472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems face both local hazards, such as over-exploitation, and global hazards, such as climate change. Since the impact of local hazards attenuates with distance from humans, local extinction risk should decrease with remoteness, making faraway areas safe havens for biodiversity. However, isolation and reduced anthropogenic disturbance may increase ecological specialization in remote communities, and hence their vulnerability to secondary effects of diversity loss propagating through networks of interacting species. We show this to be true for reef fish communities across the globe. An increase in fish-coral dependency with the distance of coral reefs from human settlements, paired with the far-reaching impacts of global hazards, increases the risk of fish species loss, counteracting the benefits of remoteness. Hotspots of fish risk from fish-coral dependency are distinct from those caused by direct human impacts, increasing the number of risk hotspots by ~30% globally. These findings might apply to other ecosystems on Earth and depict a world where no place, no matter how remote, is safe for biodiversity, calling for a reconsideration of global conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Strona
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pieter S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simone Fattorini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - François Guilhaumon
- MARBEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer, France
- IRD, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9C), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Joseph A Veech
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
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21
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Exploring trophic role similarity and phylogenetic relatedness between species in food webs. COMMUNITY ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-021-00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Shabalin SA. Assembly of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Inhabiting Sheep Droppings in the Northern Spurs of the Manchurian-Korean Mountains (Russian Far East). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425521050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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He D, Zheng J, Ren L, Wu QL. Substrate type and plant phenolics influence epiphytic bacterial assembly during short-term succession. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148410. [PMID: 34146816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, large amounts of epiphytic bacteria live on the surfaces of submerged plants or non-biological substrates. Although it contributes greatly to host plant health or ecological functions in waters, little is known about the temporal dynamics and assembly mechanisms of epiphytic bacteria. To test whether host plant chemistry leads to divergent community dynamics, we investigated the fine scale temporal community successions of both epiphytic bacteria and the bacterioplankton of the surrounding water in two submerged plants and one non-biological artificial substance. We first observed differentiated epiphytic or surrounding water bacterial communities for different substrates in small spaces (approximately 1 m × 1 m). Selection played dominant roles in affecting the assembly of epiphytic bacteria in the high-phenolic plant Hydrilla verticillata, while for the artificial substance and the low-phenolic plant Vallisneria natans, drift and dispersal drove the assembly of both epiphytic bacteria and bacterioplankton. The higher selection may also contribute to higher turnover rates in both bacterioplankton and epiphytic communities of H. verticillata, with the latter changing drastically in approximately one week. Epiphytic bacteria in H. verticillata developed more complex networks with a higher proportion of positive links, suggesting that more intense interactions such as mutualism or facilitation may exist within epiphytic bacterial communities of the high-phenolic plant. Our results also implied that for the submerged macrophytes used in biological purification, the dynamics of epiphytic biofilm in the purification-related functional capacities might also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiuwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino Danish Center for Science and Education, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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24
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Elliott I, Thangnimitchok N, Chaisiri K, Wangrangsimakul T, Jaiboon P, Day NPJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, Morand S. Orientia tsutsugamushi dynamics in vectors and hosts: ecology and risk factors for foci of scrub typhus transmission in northern Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:540. [PMID: 34663445 PMCID: PMC8524837 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scrub typhus is an important neglected vector-borne zoonotic disease across the Asia–Pacific region, with an expanding known distribution. The disease ecology is poorly understood, despite the large global burden of disease. The key determinants of high-risk areas of transmission to humans are unknown. Methods Small mammals and chiggers were collected over an 18-month period at three sites of differing ecological profiles with high scrub typhus transmission in Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand. Field samples were identified and tested for Orientia tsutsugamushi by real-time PCR. The rates and dynamics of infection were recorded, and positive and negative individuals were mapped over time at the scale of single villages. Ecological analyses were performed to describe the species richness, community structure and interactions between infected and uninfected species and habitats. Generalised linear modelling (GLM) was applied to examine these interactions. Results The site with the highest rates of human infection was associated with the highest number of infected chigger pools (41%), individual chiggers (16%), proportion of the known vector species Leptotrombidium deliense (71%) and chigger index (151). Chigger species diversity was lowest (Shannon diversity index H′: 1.77) and rodent density appeared to be high. There were no consistent discrete foci of infection identified at any of the study sites. The small mammals Rattus tanezumi and Bandicota indica and the chiggers L. deliense and Walchia kritochaeta emerged as central nodes in the network analysis. In the GLM, the end of the dry season, and to a lesser extent the end of the wet season, was associated with O. tsutsugamushi-infected small mammals and chiggers. A clear positive association was seen between O. tsutsugamushi-positive chigger pools and the combination of O. tsutsugamushi-positive chigger pools and O. tsutsugamushi-positive small mammals with lowland habitats. Conclusions These findings begin to reveal some of the factors that may determine high-risk foci of scrub typhus at a fine local scale. Understanding these factors may allow practical public health interventions to reduce disease risk. Further studies are needed in areas with diverse ecology. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05042-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Elliott
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Neeranuch Thangnimitchok
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Tri Wangrangsimakul
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piangnet Jaiboon
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daniel H Paris
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul N Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Serge Morand
- CNRS ISEM-CIRAD ASTRE, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lavoie C, Wellband K, Perreault A, Bernatchez L, Derome N. Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091932. [PMID: 34576827 PMCID: PMC8465833 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In supportive breeding programs for wild salmon populations, stocked parr experience higher mortality rates than wild ones. Among other aspects of phenotype, the gut microbiota of artificially raised parr differs from that of wild parr before stocking. Early steps of microbiota ontogeny are tightly dependent upon environmental conditions, both of which exert long-term effects on host physiology. Therefore, our objective was to assess to what extent the resilience capacity of the microbiota of stocked salmon may prevent taxonomic convergence with that of their wild congeners after two months in the same natural environment. Using the 16S SSU rRNA marker gene, we tested the general hypothesis that environmental conditions during the very first steps of microbiota ontogeny imprint a permanent effect on later stages of microbiota recruitment. Our results first showed that gut microbiota composition of stocked and wild parr from the same genetic population, and sharing the same environment, was dependent on the early rearing environment. In contrast, skin microbiota in stocked individuals converged to that of wild individuals. Taxonomic composition and co-occurrence network analyses suggest an impairment of wild bacteria recruitment and a higher instability for the gut microbiota of stocked parr. This study is the first to demonstrate the long-term effect of early microbiota ontogeny in artificial rearing for natural population conservation programs, raising the need to implement microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lavoie
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (A.P.); (L.B.)
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kyle Wellband
- Department of Biology, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;
| | - Alysse Perreault
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (A.P.); (L.B.)
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (A.P.); (L.B.)
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (A.P.); (L.B.)
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-656-7726
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Fernandez CN, Robe LJ, Bugoni L. Diet and trophic niche overlap among a native waterbird and two non-native herbivores in Pampas grasslands. FOOD WEBS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Addo‐Fordjour P, Marfo I, Ofosu‐Bamfo B. Forest fragmentation drives liana community structure but not the patterns of liana–tree interaction network in two forest ecosystems in Ghana. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Addo‐Fordjour
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Isaac Marfo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Bismark Ofosu‐Bamfo
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, School of Sciences University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana
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Shoemaker LG, Walter JA, Gherardi LA, DeSiervo MH, Wisnoski NI. Writing mathematical ecology: A guide for authors and readers. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan A. Walter
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
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Rao S, Muyinda N, De Baets B. Stability analysis of the coexistence equilibrium of a balanced metapopulation model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14084. [PMID: 34238954 PMCID: PMC8266877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the stability of a unique coexistence equilibrium point of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE system) modelling the dynamics of a metapopulation, more specifically, a set of local populations inhabiting discrete habitat patches that are connected to one another through dispersal or migration. We assume that the inter-patch migrations are detailed balanced and that the patches are identical with intra-patch dynamics governed by a mean-field ODE system with a coexistence equilibrium. By making use of an appropriate Lyapunov function coupled with LaSalle's invariance principle, we are able to show that the coexistence equilibrium point within each patch is locally asymptotically stable if the inter-patch dispersal network is heterogeneous, whereas it is neutrally stable in the case of a homogeneous network. These results provide a mathematical proof confirming the existing numerical simulations and broaden the range of networks for which they are valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shodhan Rao
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Nathan Muyinda
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Pollinator interaction flexibility across scales affects patch colonization and occupancy. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:787-793. [PMID: 33795853 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global change alters ecological communities and may disrupt ecological interactions and the provision of ecosystem functions. As ecological communities respond to global change, species may either go locally extinct or form novel interactions. To date, few studies have assessed how flexible species are in their interaction patterns, mainly due to the scarcity of data spanning long time series. Using a ten-year species-level dataset on the assembly of mutualistic networks from the Central Valley in California, we test whether interaction flexibility affects pollinators' colonization and persistence and their resulting habitat occupancy in a highly modified landscape. We propose three metrics of interaction flexibility associated with different scales of organization within ecological communities and explore which species' traits affect them. Our results provide empirical evidence linking species' ability to colonize habitat patches across a landscape to the role they play in networks. Phenological breadth and body size had contrasting effects on interaction flexibility. We demonstrate the relationship between mutualistic networks and species' ability to colonize and persist in the landscape, suggesting interaction flexibility as a potential mechanism for communities to maintain ecosystem function despite changes in community composition.
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Addo‐Fordjour P, Afram IS. Clearcutting and selective logging have inconsistent effects on liana diversity and abundance but not on liana–tree interaction networks. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Addo‐Fordjour
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Isaac Sarfo Afram
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
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Ecological correlates of species' roles in highly invaded seed dispersal networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009532118. [PMID: 33431649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009532118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems with a mix of native and introduced species are increasing globally as extinction and introduction rates rise, resulting in novel species interactions. While species interactions are highly vulnerable to disturbance, little is known about the roles that introduced species play in novel interaction networks and what processes underlie such roles. Studying one of the most extreme cases of human-modified ecosystems, the island of O'ahu, Hawaii, we show that introduced species there shape the structure of seed dispersal networks to a greater extent than native species. Although both neutral and niche-based processes influenced network structure, niche-based processes played a larger role, despite theory predicting neutral processes to be predominantly important for islands. In fact, ecological correlates of species' roles (morphology, behavior, abundance) were largely similar to those in native-dominated networks. However, the most important ecological correlates varied with spatial scale and trophic level, highlighting the importance of examining these factors separately to unravel processes determining species contributions to network structure. Although introduced species integrate into interaction networks more deeply than previously thought, by examining the mechanistic basis of species' roles we can use traits to identify species that can be removed from (or added to) a system to improve crucial ecosystem functions, such as seed dispersal.
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Cheaib B, Seghouani H, Llewellyn M, Vandal-Lenghan K, Mercier PL, Derome N. The yellow perch (Perca flavescens) microbiome revealed resistance to colonisation mostly associated with neutralism driven by rare taxa under cadmium disturbance. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:3. [PMID: 33499999 PMCID: PMC7934398 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disentangling the dynamics of microbial interactions within communities improves our comprehension of metacommunity assembly of microbiota during host development and under perturbations. To assess the impact of stochastic variation of neutral processes on microbiota structure and composition under disturbance, two types of microbial habitats, free-living (water), and host-associated (skin and gut) were experimentally exposed to either a constant or gradual selection regime exerted by two sublethal cadmium chloride dosages (CdCl2). Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) was used as a piscivorous ecotoxicological model. Using 16S rDNA gene based metataxonomics, quantitative diversity metrics of water, skin and gut microbial communities were characterized along with development and across experimental conditions. Results After 30 days, constant and gradual selection regimes drove a significant alpha diversity increase for both skin and gut microbiota. In the skin, pervasive negative correlations between taxa in both selection regimes in addition to the taxonomic convergence with the environmental bacterial community, suggest a loss of colonisation resistance resulting in the dysbiosis of yellow perch microbiota. Furthermore, the network connectivity in gut microbiome was exclusively maintained by rare (low abundance) OTUs, while most abundant OTUs were mainly composed of opportunistic invaders such as Mycoplasma and other genera related to fish pathogens such as Flavobacterium. Finally, the mathematical modelling of community assembly using both non-linear least squares models (NLS) based estimates of migration rates and normalized stochasticity ratios (NST) based beta-diversity distances suggested neutral processes drove by taxonomic drift in host and water communities for almost all treatments. The NLS models predicted higher demographic stochasticity in the cadmium-free host and water microbiomes, however, NST models suggested higher ecological stochasticity under perturbations. Conclusions Neutral models agree that water and host-microbiota assembly promoted by rare taxa have evolved predominantly under neutral processes with potential involvement of deterministic forces sourced from host filtering and cadmium selection. The early signals of perturbations in the skin microbiome revealed antagonistic interactions by a preponderance of negative correlations in the co-abundance networks. Our findings enhance our understanding of community assembly host-associated and free-living under anthropogenic selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Cheaib
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (BACHM), Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Hamza Seghouani
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martin Llewellyn
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (BACHM), Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katherine Vandal-Lenghan
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Mercier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Hembry DH, Weber MG. Ecological Interactions and Macroevolution: A New Field with Old Roots. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Linking interspecific interactions (e.g., mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism) to macroevolution (evolutionary change on deep timescales) is a key goal in biology. The role of species interactions in shaping macroevolutionary trajectories has been studied for centuries and remains a cutting-edge topic of current research. However, despite its deep historical roots, classic and current approaches to this topic are highly diverse. Here, we combine historical and contemporary perspectives on the study of ecological interactions in macroevolution, synthesizing ideas across eras to build a zoomed-out picture of the big questions at the nexus of ecology and macroevolution. We discuss the trajectory of this important and challenging field, dividing research into work done before the 1970s, research between 1970 and 2005, and work done since 2005. We argue that in response to long-standing questions in paleobiology, evidence accumulated to date has demonstrated that biotic interactions (including mutualism) can influence lineage diversification and trait evolution over macroevolutionary timescales, and we outline major open questions for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Hembry
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Marjorie G. Weber
- Department of Plant Biology; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Yeakel JD, Pires MM, de Aguiar MAM, O'Donnell JL, Guimarães PR, Gravel D, Gross T. Diverse interactions and ecosystem engineering can stabilize community assembly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3307. [PMID: 32620766 PMCID: PMC7335095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of an ecological community can be distilled into a network, where diverse interactions connect species in a web of dependencies. Species interact directly with each other and indirectly through environmental effects, however to our knowledge the role of these ecosystem engineers has not been considered in ecological network models. Here we explore the dynamics of ecosystem assembly, where species colonization and extinction depends on the constraints imposed by trophic, service, and engineering dependencies. We show that our assembly model reproduces many key features of ecological systems, such as the role of generalists during assembly, realistic maximum trophic levels, and increased nestedness with mutualistic interactions. We find that ecosystem engineering has large and nonlinear effects on extinction rates. While small numbers of engineers reduce stability by increasing primary extinctions, larger numbers of engineers increase stability by reducing primary extinctions and extinction cascade magnitude. Our results suggest that ecological engineers may enhance community diversity while increasing persistence by facilitating colonization and limiting competitive exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Yeakel
- University of California Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| | - Mathias M Pires
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz-Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus A M de Aguiar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz-Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Universitè de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thilo Gross
- University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- University of Oldenburg, ICBM, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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36
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Non-king elimination, intransitive triad interactions, and species coexistence in ecological competition networks. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-020-00459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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How Do Trichoderma Genus Fungi Win a Nutritional Competition Battle against Soft Fruit Pathogens? A Report on Niche Overlap Nutritional Potentiates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124235. [PMID: 32545883 PMCID: PMC7352470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case study report into nutritional competition between Trichoderma spp. isolated from wild raspberries and fungal phytopathogenic isolates (Colletotrichum sp., Botrytis sp., Verticillium sp. and Phytophthora sp.), which infect soft fruit ecological plantations. The competition was evaluated on the basis of nutritional potentiates. Namely, these were consumption and growth, calculated on the basis of substrate utilization located on Biolog® Filamentous Fungi (FF) plates. The niche size, total niche overlap and Trichoderma spp. competitiveness indices along with the occurrence of a stressful metabolic situation towards substrates highlighted the unfolding step-by-step approach. Therefore, the Trichoderma spp. and pathogen niche characteristics were provided. As a result, the substrates in the presence of which Trichoderma spp. nutritionally outcompete pathogens were denoted. These were adonitol, D-arabitol, i-erythritol, glycerol, D-mannitol and D-sorbitol. These substrates may serve as additives in biopreparations of Trichoderma spp. dedicated to plantations contaminated by phytopathogens of the genera Colletotrichum sp., Botrytis sp., Verticillium sp. and Phytophthora sp.
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Martinez ND. Allometric Trophic Networks From Individuals to Socio-Ecosystems: Consumer–Resource Theory of the Ecological Elephant in the Room. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Measuring and Linking the Missing Part of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: The Diversity of Biotic Interactions. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotic interactions are part of all ecosystem attributes and play an important role in the structure and stability of biological communities. In this study, we give a brief account of how the threads of biotic interactions are linked and how we can measure such complexity by focusing on mutualistic interactions. We start by explaining that although biotic interactions are fundamental ecological processes, they are also a component of biodiversity with a clear α, β and γ diversity structure which can be measured and used to explain how biotic interactions vary over time and space. Specifically, we explain how to estimate the α-diversity by measuring the properties of species interaction networks. We also untangle the components of the β-diversity and how it can be used to make pairwise comparisons between networks. Moreover, we move forward to explain how local ecological networks are a subset of a regional pool of species and potential interactions, γ-diversity, and how this approach allows assessing the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological networks. Finally, we propose a new framework for studying interactions and the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship by identifying the unique and common interactions of local networks over space, time or both together.
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Cordeiro J, de Oliveira JHF, Schmitz HJ, Vizentin‐Bugoni J. High niche partitioning promotes highly specialized, modular and non‐nested florivore–plant networks across spatial scales and reveals drivers of specialization. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cordeiro
- Depto de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n. CEP 96160‐000 Capão do Leão RS Brazil
| | - João H. F. de Oliveira
- Depto de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Univ. Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n. CEP 96160‐000 Capão do Leão RS Brazil
| | - Hermes J. Schmitz
- Inst. Latino‐Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Univ. Federal da Integração Latino‐Americana Paraná Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin‐Bugoni
- Dept of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign IL USA
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Romanuk TN, Binzer A, Loeuille N, Carscallen WMA, Martinez ND. Simulated evolution assembles more realistic food webs with more functionally similar species than invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18242. [PMID: 31796765 PMCID: PMC6890687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While natural communities are assembled by both ecological and evolutionary processes, ecological assembly processes have been studied much more and are rarely compared with evolutionary assembly processes. We address these disparities here by comparing community food webs assembled by simulating introductions of species from regional pools of species and from speciation events. Compared to introductions of trophically dissimilar species assumed to be more typical of invasions, introducing species trophically similar to native species assumed to be more typical of sympatric or parapatric speciation events caused fewer extinctions and assembled more empirically realistic networks by introducing more persistent species with higher trophic generality, vulnerability, and enduring similarity to native species. Such events also increased niche overlap and the persistence of both native and introduced species. Contrary to much competition theory, these findings suggest that evolutionary and other processes that more tightly pack ecological niches contribute more to ecosystem structure and function than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara N Romanuk
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Pacific Informatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amrei Binzer
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IA, United States
| | | | - Neo D Martinez
- Pacific Informatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IA, United States.
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Sylvain F, Holland A, Audet‐Gilbert É, Luis Val A, Derome N. Amazon fish bacterial communities show structural convergence along widespread hydrochemical gradients. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3612-3626. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution School of Life Science La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
| | - Émie Audet‐Gilbert
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes Université Laval Québec City QC Canada
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