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Ye F, Ni J, Li X, Wang J, Luo J, Wang S, Xu X, Zhong Y, Qian J, Xiao Z. The influence of drug-induced metabolic enzyme activity inhibition and CYP3A4 gene polymorphism on aumolertinib metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392849. [PMID: 38855755 PMCID: PMC11157048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify the drug interaction profile of aumolertinib, and the influence of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism on aumolertinib metabolic characteristics. Through microsomal enzyme reactions, we screened 153 drugs and identified 15 that significantly inhibited the metabolism of aumolertinib. Among them, telmisartan and carvedilol exhibited potent inhibitory activities in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM). In vivo, the pharmacokinetic parameters of aumolertinib, including AUC and Cmax, were significantly altered when co-administered with carvedilol, with a notable decrease in the clearance rate CLz/F. Interestingly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the metabolite HAS-719 exhibited a similar trend as aumolertinib when co-administered. Mechanistically, both telmisartan and carvedilol exhibited a mixed-type inhibition on the metabolism of aumolertinib. Additionally, we used a baculovirus-insect cell expression system to prepare 24 recombinant CYP3A4 microsomes and obtained enzymatic kinetic parameters using aumolertinib as a substrate. Enzyme kinetic studies obtained the kinetic parameters of various CYP3A4 variant-mediated metabolism of aumolertinib. Based on the relative clearance rates, CYP3A4.4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 33, and 34 showed significantly lower clearance rates compared to the wild-type. Among the different CYP3A4 variants, the inhibitory potency of telmisartan and carvedilol on the metabolism of aumolertinib also varied. The IC50 values of telmisartan and carvedilol in CYP3A4.1 were 6.68 ± 1.76 μM and 0.60 ± 0.25 μM, respectively, whereas in CYP3A4.12, the IC50 exceeded 100 μM. Finally, we utilized adeno-associated virus to achieve liver-specific high expression of CYP3A4*1 and CYP3A4*12. In the group with high expression of the less active CYP3A4*12, the magnitude of the drug-drug interaction was significantly attenuated. In conclusion, CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism not only influences the pharmacokinetic characteristics of aumolertinib, but also the inhibitory potency of telmisartan and carvedilol on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhuan Ni
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchao Luo
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshan Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang X, Li Q, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li J, Jin L, Li S, Cai J, Chen G, Hu G, Qian J. Determine the enzymatic kinetic characteristics of CYP3A4 variants utilizing artemether-lumefantrine. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114065. [PMID: 37769895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Artemether-lumefantrine is an artemisinin-based combination therapy for the treatment of malaria, which are primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4. Therapeutic difference caused by gene polymorphisms of CYP3A4 may lead to uncertain adverse side effects or treatment failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CYP3A4 gene polymorphism on artemether-lumefantrine metabolism in vitro. Enzyme kinetics assay was performed using recombinant human CYP3A4 cell microsomes. The analytes, dihydroartimisinin and desbutyl-lumefantrine, were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that compared to CYP3A4.1, the intrinsic clearance of CYP3A4.4, 5, 9, 16, 18, 23, 24, 28, 31-34 significantly reduced for artemether (58.5%-93.3%), and CYP3A4.17 almost loss catalytic activity. Simultaneously, CYP3A4.5, 14, 17, 24 for lumefantrine were decreased by 56.1%-99.6%, and CYP3A4.11, 15, 18, 19, 23, 28, 29, 31-34 for lumefantrine was increased by 51.7%-296%. The variation in clearance rate indicated by molecular docking could be attributed to the disparity in the binding affinity of artemether and lumefantrine with CYP3A4. The data presented here have enriched our understanding of the effect of CYP3A4 gene polymorphism on artemether-lumefantrine metabolizing. These findings serve as a valuable reference and provide insights for guiding the treatment strategy involving artemether-lumefantrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lehao Jin
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Guoxin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Han M, Lin XY, Cui G, Chen S, Wu W, Mi N, Wang J, Xiao CY, Zhang X, Lu X, Li JT. A Single-center, Open-label, Parallel Control Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Roflumilast and Its Active Metabolite Roflumilast N-oxide in Healthy Chinese and Caucasian Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:314-323. [PMID: 36484261 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor which treats chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roflumilast N-oxide is the major metabolite of roflumilast with a similar mechanism of action to roflumilast. Although racial differences in roflumilast drug disposition have been observed, the necessity of dose adjustment is subject to debate. This study compares the pharmacokinetics of a single 500 μg dose of roflumilast in healthy Chinese and Caucasian subjects under uniform conditions. Chinese subjects were found to have longer t1/2 and higher AUC0-t and Cmax than Caucasian subjects. The point estimates on the geometric mean of AUC0-t in Chinese subjects were 22% higher for roflumilast and 46% higher for roflumilast N-oxide. Point estimates on the geometric mean of Cmax were 9% and 24% higher for roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide, respectively. Total phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitory (tPDE4i) activity, a theoretical parameter that describes the combined contribution to PDE4 inhibitory activity of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide, was 44% higher in Chinese subjects than in Caucasian subjects. With about a 10-fold higher plasma AUC compared to the parent roflumilast and a much longer observed half-life, roflumilast N-oxide has been estimated to contribute about 90% of tPDE4i, with 10% attributed to the parent compound roflumilast. Following body weight normalization, these figures were lower but remained significant. Safety analysis showed signs of reduced tolerance or different pharmacodynamic response to roflumilast in Chinese recipients than in Caucasians. Our results suggest that Chinese patients should receive a dose of roflumilast lower than 500 μg daily during future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Han
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., B01 Entrepreneurship Headquarters, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., B01 Entrepreneurship Headquarters, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Mi
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Xiao
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Tong Li
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mbavha BT, Kanji CR, Stadler N, Stingl J, Stanglmair A, Scholl C, Wekwete W, Masimirembwa C. Population genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenes in Zimbabwe, a potential guide for the safe and efficacious use of medicines in people of African ancestry. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:173-182. [PMID: 35190514 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a clinically significant factor in the safe and efficacious use of medicines. While PGx knowledge is abundant for other populations, there are scarce PGx data on African populations and is little knowledge on drug-gene interactions for medicines used to treat diseases common in Africa. The aim of this study was to use a custom-designed open array to genotype clinically actionable variants in a Zimbabwean population. This study also identified some of the commonly used drugs in Zimbabwe and the associated genes involved in their metabolism. METHODS A custom-designed open array that covers 120 genetic variants was used to genotype 522 black Zimbabwean healthy volunteers using TaqMan-based single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. Data were also accessed from Essential Drugs' List in Zimbabwe (EDLIZ), and the medicines were grouped into the associated biomarker groups based on their metabolism. We also estimated the national drug procurement levels for medicines that could benefit from PGx-guided use based on the data obtained from the national authorities in Zimbabwe. RESULTS The results demonstrate the applicability of an open-array chip in simultaneously determining multiple genetic variants in an individual, thus significantly reducing cost and time to generate PGx data. There were significantly high frequencies of African-specific variants, such as the CYP2D6*17 and *29 variants and the CYP2B6*18 variant. The data obtained showed that the Zimbabwean population exhibits PGx variations in genes important for the safe and efficacious use of drugs approved by the EDLIZ and are procured at significantly large amounts annually. The study has established a cohort of genotyped healthy volunteers that can be accessed and used in the conduct of clinical pharmacogenetic studies for drugs entering a market of people of predominantly African ancestry. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the potential benefit of integrating PGx in Zimbabwe for the safe and efficacious use of drugs that are commonly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianza T Mbavha
- Department of Genomic Medicine, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology (AiBST), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Comfort R Kanji
- Department of Genomic Medicine, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology (AiBST), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nadina Stadler
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Stanglmair
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn
| | - Catharina Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn
| | - William Wekwete
- Evaluations and Registration Division, Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Collen Masimirembwa
- Department of Genomic Medicine, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology (AiBST), Harare, Zimbabwe
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Nthontho KC, Ndlovu AK, Sharma K, Kasvosve I, Hertz DL, Paganotti GM. Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer Treatments: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:613-652. [PMID: 35761855 PMCID: PMC9233488 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s308531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in low- and middle-income countries, in particular among sub-Saharan African women, where response to available anticancer treatment therapy is often limited by the recurrent breast tumours and metastasis, ultimately resulting in decreased overall survival rate. This can also be attributed to African genomes that contain more variation than those from other parts of the world. The purpose of this review is to summarize published evidence on pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic aspects related to specific available treatments and the known genetic variabilities associated with metabolism and/or transport of breast cancer drugs, and treatment outcomes when possible. The emphasis is on the African genetic variation and focuses on the genes with the highest strength of evidence, with a close look on CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, CYP19A1, UGT1A4, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, SLC22A16, SLC38A7, FcγR, DPYD, ABCB1, and SULT1A1, which are the genes known to play major roles in the metabolism and/or elimination of the respective anti-breast cancer drugs given to the patients. The genetic variability of their metabolism could be associated with different metabolic phenotypes that may cause reduced patients’ adherence because of toxicity or sub-therapeutic doses. Finally, this knowledge enhances possible personalized treatment approaches, with the possibility of improving survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneuoe Cecilia Nthontho
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Andrew Khulekani Ndlovu
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Daniel Louis Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giacomo Maria Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Correspondence: Giacomo Maria Paganotti, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, PO Box 45498, Riverwalk Gaborone, Botswana, Tel +267 3555375, Email
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Divsalar B, Kalantari T, Mohebbi S, Bahmanimehr A, Dehbidi GR, Borhani-Haghighi A. CYP3A4⁎22 gene polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke in south Iran population: A case control study. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Qian JC, Cai JP, Hu GX. Han Chinese specific cytochrome P450 polymorphisms and their impact on the metabolism of anti-hypertensive drugs with adrenoreceptor blocking properties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:707-716. [PMID: 33910442 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1921147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a monooxygenase superfamily mediating the elimination of anti-hypertensive drugs. Polymorphisms of CYP would lead to differential drug efficacy. Building relationships between genotype and phenotype will benefit individual medical treatment of hypertension.Areas covered: The review systematically summarizes the polymorphisms of four CYPs (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) concentrated distributed in the Han Chinese population. Moreover, the activity of variants on metabolizing anti-hypertensive drugs are reviewed, especially drugs with adrenoceptor blocking properties, as well as their clinical relevancies.Expert opinion: The polymorphisms of CYP can cause stratification in drug exposure of antihypertensive drugs. Although the clinical relevance has been built partially, the translational medicine still lacks reliable data support. Furthermore, the studies have demonstrated that even the same CYP variant will exhibit different catalytic capability for different drugs, which is another obstacle to hinder its application. With the deepening of multiomics research and structural biology, nucleotide polymorphisms can be combined with transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and molecular structure analyses to study the susceptibility to hypertension and drug efficacy. A complete data chain would be further estabolished by combining studies of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, which can effectively promote the precise application of anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Cai Y, Lin Q, Jin Z, Xia F, Ye Y, Xia Y, Papadimos TJ, Wang Q, Hu G, Cai J, Chen L. Evaluation of Recombinant CYP3A4 Variants on the Metabolism of Oxycodone In Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:103-109. [PMID: 33393779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 is a highly polymorphic enzyme and metabolizes approximately 40%-60% of therapeutic drugs. Its genetic polymorphism may significantly affect the expression and function of CYP3A4 resulting in alterations of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CYP3A4-mediated drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the catalytic activities of 30 CYP3A4 nonsynonymous variants and wild type toward oxycodone in vitro. CYP3A4 proteins were incubated with oxycodone for 30 min at 37 °C and the reaction was terminated by cooling to -80 °C immediately. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry was used to analyze noroxycodone, and kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) of noroxycodone were also determined. Compared with CYP3A4.1, 24 CYP3A4 variants (CYP3A4.2-.5, -.7-.16, -.18 and -.19, -.23 and -.24, -.28 and -.29, and -.31-.34) exhibited significantly decreased relative clearance values (from 4.82% ± 0.31% to 80.98% ± 5.08%), whereas CYP3A4.6, -.17, -.20, -.21, -.26, and -.30 displayed no detectable enzyme activity. As the first study of these alleles for oxycodone metabolism in vitro, results of this study may provide insight into establishing the genotype-phenotype relationship for oxycodone and serve as a reference for clinical administrators and advance the provision of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhousheng Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yingchao Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Thomas J Papadimos
- Critical Care Section and Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Quanguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Tang PF, Zheng X, Hu XX, Yang CC, Chen Z, Qian JC, Cai JP, Hu GX. Functional Measurement of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 Allelic Polymorphism on Sildenafil Metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5129-5141. [PMID: 33262574 PMCID: PMC7699448 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s268796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to systematically examine the effects of enzymatic activity of 38 human CYP2C9 alleles and 21 human CYP3A4 alleles, including wild-type CYP2C9.1 and CYP3A4.1, which contain the 24 CYP2C9 novel alleles (*36–*60) and 6 CYP3A4 novel alleles (*28–*34) newly found in the Chinese population, on sildenafil metabolism through in vitro experiment. Methods The recombinant cytochrome P450 alleles protein of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 expressed in insect baculovirus expression system were reacted with 10–500 µM sildenafil for 30 minutes at 37°C, and the reaction was terminated by cooling to −80°C immediately. Next, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection system to detect sildenafil and its active metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil. Results The intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) values of most CYP2C9 variants were significantly altered when compared with the wild-type CYP2C9*1, with most of these variants exhibiting either reduced Vmax and/or increased Km values. Four alleles (CYP2C9*11, *14, *31, *49) exhibited no markedly decreased relative clearance (1-fold). The relative clearance of the remaining thirty-three variants exhibited decrease in different levels, ranging from 1.81% to 88.42%. For the CYP3A4 metabolic pathway, when compared with the wild-type CYP3A4*1, the relative clearance values of four variants (CYP3A4*3, *10, *14 and *I335T) showed significantly higher relative clearance (130.7–134.9%), while five variants (CYP3A4*2, *5, *24, *L22V and *F113I) exhibited sharply reduced relative clearance values (1.80–74.25%), and the remaining nine allelic variants showed no statistical difference. In addition, the kinetic parameters of two CYP3A4 variants (CYP3A4*17 and CYP3A4*30) could not be detected, due to the defect of the CYP3A4 gene. Conclusion These findings were the first evaluation of all these infrequent CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 alleles for sildenafil metabolism; when treating people who carry these CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 variants, there should be more focus on the relation of dose intensity, side effects and therapeutic efficacy when administering sildenafil. The study will provide fundamental data on effect of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 allelic variation on sildenafil metabolism for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Tang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Dong Yang People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Influence of CYP3A polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant recipients. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 21:69-77. [PMID: 32843687 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus is characterized by a highly variable pharmacokinetics (PK) and a small therapeutic window. It is metabolized specifically by the CYP3A isoenzymes. This study aimed to determine, in kidney transplant patients, the influence of different genotypic clusters involving these SNPs CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*22, and CYP3A5*3 on Tacrolimus bioavailability during the first (PTP1) and the second (PTP2) posttransplant phase (PT). We included kidney transplant patients who received Tacrolimus and underwent drug monitoring by C0 monitoring. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotyping were performed using PCR-RFLP. We classified the patients into four groups: Slow, Intermediate, rapid, and ultra-rapid metabolizers. We included 80 patients. The Tacrolimus dose-normalized C0 (C0/D ratio) was significantly decreased in intermediate, rapid, and ultra-rapid comparing with slow metabolisers. During PTP1 only CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22 polymorphisms correlate significantly with C0/D ratio. Regardless of the PT phase and during the late one, only the CYP3A4 polymorphisms correlate significantly with the C0/D ratio. We identified that these SNPs are all associated independently with Tacrolimus exposure in different PT phases. Moreover, we are the first to define a genotypic cluster including the three CYP3A SNPs.
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Thorn CF, Whirl-Carrillo M, Hachad H, Johnson JA, McDonagh EM, Ratain MJ, Relling MV, Scott SA, Altman RB, Klein TE. Essential Characteristics of Pharmacogenomics Study Publications. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:86-91. [PMID: 30406943 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) can be seen as a model for biomedical studies: it includes all disease areas of interest and spans in vitro studies to clinical trials, while focusing on the relationships between genes and drugs and the resulting phenotypes. This review will examine different characteristics of PGx study publications and provide examples of excellence in framing PGx questions and reporting their resulting data in a way that maximizes the knowledge that can be built on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Thorn
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Houda Hachad
- Translational Software, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mark J Ratain
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Pharmaceutical Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stuart A Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Lin QM, Li YH, Lu XR, Wang R, Pang NH, Xu RA, Cai JP, Hu GX. Characterization of Genetic Variation in CYP3A4 on the Metabolism of Cabozantinib in Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1583-1590. [PMID: 31293154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a multityrosine kinase inhibitor and has a wide range of applications in the clinic, whose metabolism is predominately dependent on CYP3A4. This study was performed to characterize the enzymatic properties of 29 CYP3A4 alleles toward cabozantinib and the functional changes of five selected alleles (the wild-type, CYP3A4.2.8.14 and .15) toward cabozantinib in the presence of ketoconazole. Cabozantinib, 1-100 μM, with/without the presence of ketoconazole and CYP3A4 enzymes in the incubation system went through 30 min incubation at 37 °C, and the concentrations of cabozantinib N-oxide were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS to calculate the corresponding kinetic parameters of each variant. Collectively, without the presence of ketoconazole, most variants displayed defective enzymatic activities in different degrees, and only CYP3A4.14 and .15 showed significantly augmented enzymatic activities. With the presence of ketoconazole, five tested CYP3A4 alleles, even CYP3A4.14 and .15, exhibited obvious reductions in intrinsic clearance. Besides, we compared cabozantinib with regorafenib in relative clearance to confirm that CYP3A4 has the property of substrate specificity. As the first study of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms toward cabozantinib, our observations can provide prediction of an individual's capability in response to cabozantinib and guidance for medication and treatment of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Meng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Xiang-Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ni-Hong Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital , National Center of Gerontology , 100000 Beijing , PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
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Yang CC, Zheng X, Liu TH, Wang CC, Tang PF, Chen Z, Zhang BW, Fang P, Hu GX, Cai JP. Functional characterization of 21 CYP3A4 variants on amiodarone metabolism in vitro. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:120-126. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1414971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Peng-Fei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Ping Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China and
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
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Wright GEB, Carleton B, Hayden MR, Ross CJD. The global spectrum of protein-coding pharmacogenomic diversity. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:187-195. [PMID: 27779249 PMCID: PMC5817389 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in response to medications have a strong genetic component. By leveraging publically available data, the spectrum of such genomic variation can be investigated extensively. Pharmacogenomic variation was extracted from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 data (2504 individuals, 26 global populations). A total of 12 084 genetic variants were found in 120 pharmacogenes, with the majority (90.0%) classified as rare variants (global minor allele frequency <0.5%), with 52.9% being singletons. Common variation clustered individuals into continental super-populations and 23 pharmacogenes contained highly differentiated variants (FST>0.5) for one or more super-population comparison. A median of three clinical variants (PharmGKB level 1A/B) was found per individual, and 55.4% of individuals carried loss-of-function variants, varying by super-population (East Asian 60.9%>African 60.1%>South Asian 60.3%>European 49.3%>Admixed 39.2%). Genome sequencing can therefore identify clinical pharmacogenomic variation, and future studies need to consider rare variation to understand the spectrum of genetic diversity contributing to drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E B Wright
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Carleton
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J D Ross
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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LIU LIJUN, CHANG YU, DU SHULI, SHI XUGANG, YANG HUA, KANG LONGLI, JIN TIANBO, YUAN DONGYA, HE YONGJUN. Genetic analysis of drug metabolizing phase-I enzymes CYP3A4 in Tibetan populations. J Genet 2017; 96:219-225. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Hu GX, Dai DP, Wang H, Huang XX, Zhou XY, Cai J, Chen H, Cai JP. Systematic screening for CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms in a Han Chinese population. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:369-379. [PMID: 28244811 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To systematically investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP3A4 gene in a Han Chinese population. Materials & methods: The promoter and exons of CYP3A4 gene in 1114 unrelated, healthy Han Chinese subjects were amplified and genotyped by direct sequencing. Results: In total, five previously reported alleles (*1G, *4, *5, *18B and *23) were detected, of which one allele (*23) was reported for the first time in Han Chinese population. Additionally, seven novel exonic variants were also identified and designated as new alleles CYP3A4*28–*34. Conclusion: This study provides the most comprehensive data of CYP3A4 polymorphisms in Han Chinese population and detects the largest number of novel CYP3A4 alleles in one ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhou
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Uren C, Möller M, van Helden PD, Henn BM, Hoal EG. Population structure and infectious disease risk in southern Africa. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:499-509. [PMID: 28229227 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The KhoeSan populations are the earliest known indigenous inhabitants of southern Africa. The relatively recent expansion of Bantu-speaking agropastoralists, as well as European colonial settlement along the south-west coast, dramatically changed patterns of genetic diversity in a region which had been largely isolated for thousands of years. Owing to this unique history, population structure in southern Africa reflects both the underlying KhoeSan genetic diversity as well as differential recent admixture. This population structure has a wide range of biomedical and sociocultural implications; such as changes in disease risk profiles. Here, we consolidate information from various population genetic studies that characterize admixture patterns in southern Africa with an aim to better understand differences in adverse disease phenotypes observed among groups. Our review confirms that ancestry has a direct impact on an individual's immune response to infectious diseases. In addition, we emphasize the importance of collaborative research, especially for populations in southern Africa that have a high incidence of potentially fatal infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Uren
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Parow, 7500, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Parow, 7500, South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Parow, 7500, South Africa
| | - Brenna M Henn
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Parow, 7500, South Africa.
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Röhrich CR, Drögemöller BI, Ikediobi O, van der Merwe L, Grobbelaar N, Wright GE, McGregor N, Warnich L. CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*18 Predict Long-Term Efavirenz Exposure Measured in Hair Samples in HIV-Positive South African Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:529-38. [PMID: 26655325 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to efavirenz (EFV) measured in hair samples may predict response to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Polymorphisms in CYP2B6 are known to alter EFV levels. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between CYP2B6 genotype, EFV levels measured in hair, and virological outcomes on ART in a real-world setting. We measured EFV levels in hair from HIV-positive South African females who had been receiving EFV-based treatment for at least 3 months from the South African Black (SAB) (n = 81) and Cape Mixed Ancestry (CMA) (n = 53) populations. Common genetic variation in CYP2B6 was determined in 15 individuals from each population using bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Prioritized variants (n = 16) were subsequently genotyped in the entire patient cohort (n = 134). The predictive value of EFV levels in hair and selected variants in CYP2B6 on virological treatment outcomes was assessed. Previously described alleles (CYP2B6*2, CYP2B6*5, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*17, and CYP2B6*18), as well as two novel alleles (CYP2B6*31 and CYP2B6*32), were detected in this study. Compared to noncarriers, individuals homozygous for CYP2B6*6 had ∼109% increased EFV levels in hair (p = .016) and CYP2B6*18 heterozygotes demonstrated 82% higher EFV hair levels (p = .0006). This study confirmed that alleles affecting CYP2B6 metabolism and subsequent EFV exposure are present at significant frequencies in both the SAB and CMA populations. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the use of hair samples for testing EFV concentrations may be a useful tool in determining long-term drug exposure in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola R. Röhrich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Ogechi Ikediobi
- Departments of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Galen E.B. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel McGregor
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Genetic diversity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in North African populations from Morocco and Tunisia. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e148-51. [PMID: 25385241 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The genes CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 form part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes involved in drug metabolism reactions. The allelic variants of these genes CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*3, CYP3A4*17 and CYP3A5*3 have been linked both to the reduced catalytic activity of cytochromes and to prostate cancer risk in whites, though scarce data exist for North African populations. The main objective of this study was to describe CYP3A4*3, CYP3A4*17, CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 allele frequencies and haplotype variation in Moroccan Berbers and the general Tunisian population. The data obtained for the Tunisian participants were consistent with the European allele frequency ranges described, while Moroccan Berbers showed high frequencies of CYP3A4*17 (1.8%), CYP3A4*3 (8.5%) and the CYP3A4*1B/CYP3A5*3 haplotype (18.4%). This haplotype, linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, was detected at a much higher frequency compared with the present Tunisian population (8.4%) or with reported frequencies for populations such as whites (0.6%) or African Americans (5.3%).
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Marwa KJ, Schmidt T, Sjögren M, Minzi OMS, Kamugisha E, Swedberg G. Cytochrome P450 single nucleotide polymorphisms in an indigenous Tanzanian population: a concern about the metabolism of artemisinin-based combinations. Malar J 2014; 13:420. [PMID: 25363545 PMCID: PMC4228099 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisinin-based combinations currently recommended for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa are substrates of CYP enzymes. The cytochrome enzyme system is responsible for metabolism of about 80-90% of clinically used drugs. It is, therefore, important to obtain the pharmacogenetics of the population in the region with respect to these combinations and thereby enable practitioners to predict treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to detect and determine allelic frequencies of CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3, CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3 and CYP2B6*6 variant alleles in a Tanzanian indigenous population. METHODS Genomic DNA extraction from blood obtained from 256 participants who escorted patients at Karume Health Centre in Mwanza Tanzania, was carried out using the Gene JET™ Genomic DNA purification kit (Thermo Scientific). Genotyping for the cytochrome P450 variant alleles was performed using predesigned primers. Amplification was done by PCR while differentiation between alleles was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (for CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3) and sequencing (for CYP2B6*6, CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*1B). RESULTS CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1B and CYP2B6*6 variant allelic frequencies were found to be 19,10,16,78 and 36% respectively. CONCLUSION Prevalence of CYP2C8*2, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1B and CYP2B6*6 mutations in a Tanzanian population/subjects are common. The impact of these point mutations on the metabolism of anti-malarial drugs, particularly artemisinin-based combinations, and their potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol J Marwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Melo MS, Balanco L, Branco CC, Mota-Vieira L. Genetic variation in key genes associated with statin therapy in the Azores Islands (Portugal) healthy population. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:283-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.955056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Drögemöller BI, Wright GEB, Warnich L. Considerations for rare variants in drug metabolism genes and the clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:873-84. [PMID: 24673405 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.903239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large-scale whole genome and exome resequencing studies have revealed that humans have a high level of deleterious rare variation, which has important implications for the design of future pharmacogenetics studies. AREAS COVERED Current pharmacogenetic guidelines focus on the implementation of common variation into dosing guidelines. However, it is becoming apparent that rare variation may also play an important role in differential drug response. Current sequencing technologies offer the opportunity to examine rare variation, but there are many challenges associated with such analyses. Nonetheless, if a comprehensive picture of the role that genetic variants play in treatment outcomes is to be obtained, it will be necessary to include the entire spectrum of variation, including rare variants, into pharmacogenetic research. EXPERT OPINION In order to implement pharmacogenetics in the clinic, patients should be genotyped for clinically actionable pharmacogenetic variants and patients responding unfavourably to treatment after pharmacogenetics-based dosing should be identified and resequenced to identify additional functionally relevant variants, including rare variants. All derived information should be added to a central database to allow for the updating of existing dosing guidelines. By routinely implementing such strategies, pharmacogenetics-based treatment guidelines will continue to improve.
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Characterization of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in South Brazilians. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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May A, Hazelhurst S, Li Y, Norris SA, Govind N, Tikly M, Hon C, Johnson KJ, Hartmann N, Staedtler F, Ramsay M. Genetic diversity in black South Africans from Soweto. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:644. [PMID: 24059264 PMCID: PMC3850641 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the unparalleled genetic diversity of its peoples, Africa is attracting growing research attention. Several African populations have been assessed in global initiatives such as the International HapMap and 1000 Genomes Projects. Notably excluded, however, is the southern Africa region, which is inhabited predominantly by southeastern Bantu-speakers, currently suffering under the dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Limited reference data for these individuals hampers medical research and prevents thorough understanding of the underlying population substructure. Here, we present the most detailed exploration, to date, of genetic diversity in 94 unrelated southeastern Bantu-speaking South Africans, resident in urban Soweto (Johannesburg). Results Participants were typed for ~4.3 million SNPs using the Illumina Omni5 beadchip. PCA and ADMIXTURE plots were used to compare the observed variation with that seen in selected populations worldwide. Results indicated that Sowetans, and other southeastern Bantu-speakers, are a clearly distinct group from other African populations previously investigated, reflecting a unique genetic history with small, but significant contributions from diverse sources. To assess the suitability of our sample as representative of Sowetans, we compared our results to participants in a larger rheumatoid arthritis case–control study. The control group showed good clustering with our sample, but among the cases were individuals who demonstrated notable admixture. Conclusions Sowetan population structure appears unique compared to other black Africans, and may have clinical implications. Our data represent a suitable reference set for southeastern Bantu-speakers, on par with a HapMap type reference population, and constitute a prelude to the Southern African Human Genome Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew May
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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