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Kabzinski J, Kucharska-Lusina A, Majsterek I. RNA-Based Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1916. [PMID: 37508579 PMCID: PMC10377854 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer detection and monitoring. In this article, we review the application of RNA-based liquid biopsy in HNC. Various types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are explored as potential biomarkers in HNC liquid-based diagnostics. The roles of RNAs in HNC diagnosis, metastasis, tumor resistance to radio and chemotherapy, and overall prognosis are discussed. RNA-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the early detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment of HNC. Further research and validation are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kabzinski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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2
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Soelter TM, Whitlock JH, Williams AS, Hardigan AA, Lasseigne BN. Nucleic acid liquid biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: current state, challenges, and opportunities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09239. [PMID: 35469332 PMCID: PMC9034064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and affects persons of all races, ethnic groups, and sexes. The disease is characterized by neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. There is no cure and the effectiveness of existing treatments is limited and depends on the time of diagnosis. The long prodromal period, during which patients' ability to live a normal life is not affected despite neuronal loss, often leads to a delayed diagnosis because it can be mistaken for normal aging of the brain. In order to make a substantial impact on AD patient survival, early diagnosis may provide a greater therapeutic window for future therapies to slow AD-associated neurodegeneration. Current gold standards for disease detection include magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scans, which visualize amyloid β and phosphorylated tau depositions and aggregates. Liquid biopsies, already an active field of research in precision oncology, are hypothesized to provide early disease detection through minimally or non-invasive sample collection techniques. Liquid biopsies in AD have been studied in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, ocular, oral, and olfactory fluids. However, most of the focus has been on blood and cerebrospinal fluid due to biomarker specificity and sensitivity attributed to the effects of the blood-brain barrier and inter-laboratory variation during sample collection. Many studies have identified amyloid β and phosphorylated tau levels as putative biomarkers, however, advances in next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy methods have led to significant interest in identifying nucleic acid species associated with AD from liquid tissues. Differences in cell-free RNAs and DNAs have been described as potential biomarkers for AD and hold the potential to affect disease diagnosis, treatment, and future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea M. Soelter
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jordan H. Whitlock
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Avery S. Williams
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew A. Hardigan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brittany N. Lasseigne
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Bryzgunova O, Konoshenko M, Zaporozhchenko I, Yakovlev A, Laktionov P. Isolation of Cell-Free miRNA from Biological Fluids: Influencing Factors and Methods. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:865. [PMID: 34064927 PMCID: PMC8151063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast wealth of recent research has seen attempts of using microRNA (miRNA) found in biological fluids in clinical research and medicine. One of the reasons behind this trend is the apparent their high stability of cell-free miRNA conferred by small size and packaging in supramolecular complexes. However, researchers in both basic and clinical settings often face the problem of selecting adequate methods to extract appropriate quality miRNA preparations for use in specific downstream analysis pipelines. This review outlines the variety of different methods of miRNA isolation from biofluids and examines the key determinants of their efficiency, including, but not limited to, the structural properties of miRNA and factors defining their stability in the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (A.Y.); (P.L.)
- Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (A.Y.); (P.L.)
- Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Zaporozhchenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Alexey Yakovlev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (A.Y.); (P.L.)
- Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.K.); (A.Y.); (P.L.)
- Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Plasma Extracellular Vesicle-Derived TIMP-1 mRNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134624. [PMID: 32610589 PMCID: PMC7370073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has gained a lot of attention from the scientific community since it has a proven impact in the development of tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered one of the key players of tumor microenvironment modulation. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal urological neoplasia and presents a high metastatic potential, which reinforces the need for the development of more effective predictive biomarkers. Our goal was to evaluate the applicability of EV-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as prognostic biomarkers for ccRCC. To do so, we studied the plasma EV content of 32 patients with localized ccRCC and 29 patients with metastatic ccRCC. We observed that patients with localized disease and tumors larger than 7 cm presented higher levels of plasma EV-derived TIMP-1 mRNA when compared with patients presenting smaller tumors (p = 0.020). Moreover, patients with metastatic disease presented higher levels of EV-derived TIMP-1 mRNA when compared with patients with localized disease (p = 0.002) and when we stratified those patients in high and low levels of TIMP-1 EV-derived mRNA, the ones presenting higher levels had a lower overall survival (p = 0.030). EV-derived TIMP-1 mRNA may be a good prognostic biomarker candidate for ccRCC.
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5
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Silva FCD, Iop RDR, Andrade A, Costa VP, Gutierres Filho PJB, Silva RD. Effects of Physical Exercise on the Expression of MicroRNAs: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:270-280. [PMID: 31877120 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Silva, FCd, Iop, RdR, Andrade, A, Costa, VP, Gutierres Filho, PJB, and Silva, Rd. Effects of physical exercise on the expression of microRNAs: A systematic review 34(1): 270-280, 2020-Studies have detected changes in the expression of miRNAs after physical exercise, which brings new insight into the molecular control of adaptation to exercise. Therefore, the objective of the current systematic review of experimental and quasiexperimental studies published in the past 10 years was to assess evidence related to acute effects, chronic effects, and both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on miRNA expression in humans, as well as its functions, evaluated in serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, or muscle biopsy. For this purpose, the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and also a manual search in references of the selected articles to April 2017. Experimental and quasiexperimental studies were included. Results indicate that, of the 345 studies retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and two articles were included as a result of the manual search. The 42 studies were analyzed, and it can be observed acute and chronic effects of physical exercises (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, athletes, young, elderly and in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with morbid obesity, prediabetic, and patients with intermittent claudication. It is safe to assume that miRNA changes, both in muscle tissues and bodily fluids, are presumably associated with the benefits induced by acute and chronic physical exercise. Thus, a better understanding of changes in miRNAs as a response to physical exercise might contribute to the development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the improvement of exercise capacity in individuals with any given disease. However, additional studies are necessary to draw accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Cascaes da Silva
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Rosa Iop
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Laboratory of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Vitor Pereira Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil; and
| | | | - Rudney da Silva
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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6
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Abstract
Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exercise. However, the last decades were marked by significant advances in analytical laboratory techniques, where the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology promoted exercise science to enter a new era. Regardless of its application, whether in the field of disease prevention or performance, the association of molecular biology with exercise physiology has been fundamental for unveiling knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to the adaptation to exercise. This chapter will address the natural evolution of exercise physiology toward genetics and molecular biology, emphasizing the collection of integrated analytical approaches that composes the OMICS and their contribution to the field of molecular exercise physiology.
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7
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Wermuth PJ, Piera-Velazquez S, Rosenbloom J, Jimenez SA. Existing and novel biomarkers for precision medicine in systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:421-432. [PMID: 29789665 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and validation of biomarkers resulting from technological advances in the analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, lipidomic and metabolomic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases have led to the development of personalized and rationally designed approaches for the clinical management of such disorders. Although some of these approaches have been applied to systemic sclerosis (SSc), an unmet need remains for validated, non-invasive biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of SSc, as well as in the assessment of disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions. Advances in global transcriptomic technology over the past 15 years have enabled the assessment of microRNAs that circulate in the blood of patients and the analysis of the macromolecular content of a diverse group of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and other microvesicles, which are released by all cells into the extracellular space and circulation. Such advances have provided new opportunities for the discovery of biomarkers in SSc that could potentially be used to improve the design and evaluation of clinical trials and that will undoubtedly enable the development of personalized and individualized medicine for patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Wermuth
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrosis Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrosis Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Rosenbloom
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrosis Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrosis Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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The presence of extracellular microRNAs in the media of cultured Drosophila cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17312. [PMID: 30470777 PMCID: PMC6251921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While regulatory RNA pathways, such as RNAi, have commonly been described at an intracellular level, studies investigating extracellular RNA species in insects are lacking. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cell-free conditioned media of two Drosophila cell lines. More specifically, by means of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we analysed the presence of twelve miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and in extracellular Argonaute-1 containing immunoprecipitates, obtained from the cell-free conditioned media of S2 and Cl.8 cell cultures. Next-generation RNA-sequencing data confirmed our qRT-PCR results and provided evidence for selective miRNA secretion in EVs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that miRNAs have been identified in the extracellular medium of cultured cells derived from insects, the most speciose group of animals.
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9
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Zhang H, Vieira Resende e Silva B, Cui J. miRDis: a Web tool for endogenous and exogenous microRNA discovery based on deep-sequencing data analysis. Brief Bioinform 2018; 19:415-424. [PMID: 28073746 PMCID: PMC5952930 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNA sequencing is the most widely used tool for microRNA (miRNA) discovery, and shows great potential for the efficient study of miRNA cross-species transport, i.e., by detecting the presence of exogenous miRNA sequences in the host species. Because of the increased appreciation of dietary miRNAs and their far-reaching implication in human health, research interests are currently growing with regard to exogenous miRNAs bioavailability, mechanisms of cross-species transport and miRNA function in cellular biological processes. In this article, we present microRNA Discovery (miRDis), a new small RNA sequencing data analysis pipeline for both endogenous and exogenous miRNA detection. Specifically, we developed and deployed a Web service that supports the annotation and expression profiling data of known host miRNAs and the detection of novel miRNAs, other noncoding RNAs, and the exogenous miRNAs from dietary species. As a proof-of-concept, we analyzed a set of human plasma sequencing data from a milk-feeding study where 225 human miRNAs were detected in the plasma samples and 44 show elevated expression after milk intake. By examining the bovine-specific sequences, data indicate that three bovine miRNAs (bta-miR-378, -181* and -150) are present in human plasma possibly because of the dietary uptake. Further evaluation based on different sets of public data demonstrates that miRDis outperforms other state-of-the-art tools in both detection and quantification of miRNA from either animal or plant sources. The miRDis Web server is available at: http://sbbi.unl.edu/miRDis/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics (SBBI) Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Bruno Vieira Resende e Silva
- Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics (SBBI) Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics (SBBI) Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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10
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Fernández-Alonso N, Tomás-Zapico C, Visioli F, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Dávalos A. Breast milk microRNAs harsh journey towards potential effects in infant development and maturation. Lipid encapsulation can help. Pharmacol Res 2018; 132:21-32. [PMID: 29627443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that diet-derived miRNAs survive the gastrointestinal tract and exert biological effects in target cells is triggering considerable research in the potential abilities of alimentary preventive and therapeutic approaches. Many validation attempts have been carried out and investigators disagree on several issues. The barriers exogenous RNAs must surpass are harsh and adequate copies must reach target cells for biological actions to be carried out. This prospect opened a window for previously unlikely scenarios concerning exogenous non-coding RNAs, such as a potential role for breast milk microRNAs in infants' development and maturation. This review is focused on the thorny path breast milk miRNAs face towards confirmation as relevant role players in infants' development and maturation, taking into consideration the research carried out so far on the uptake, gastrointestinal barriers and potential biological effects of diet-derived miRNAs. We also discuss the future pharmacological and pharma-nutritional consequences of appropriate miRNAs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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11
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Ferruelo A, Peñuelas Ó, Lorente JA. MicroRNAs as biomarkers of acute lung injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 29430451 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and complex inflammatory lung diseases affecting critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a novel pathway of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, have emerged as a novel class of gene expression, and can play important roles in inflammation or apoptosis, which are common manifestations of ARDS and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). In the present review, we discuss the role of miRNAs as biomarkers of ARDS and DAD, and their potential use as therapeutic targets for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferruelo
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Peñuelas
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Wu X, Kim TK, Baxter D, Scherler K, Gordon A, Fong O, Etheridge A, Galas DJ, Wang K. sRNAnalyzer-a flexible and customizable small RNA sequencing data analysis pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:12140-12151. [PMID: 29069500 PMCID: PMC5716150 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many tools have been developed to analyze small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) data, it remains challenging to accurately analyze the small RNA population, mainly due to multiple sequence ID assignment caused by short read length. Additional issues in small RNA analysis include low consistency of microRNA (miRNA) measurement results across different platforms, miRNA mapping associated with miRNA sequence variation (isomiR) and RNA editing, and the origin of those unmapped reads after screening against all endogenous reference sequence databases. To address these issues, we built a comprehensive and customizable sRNA-Seq data analysis pipeline—sRNAnalyzer, which enables: (i) comprehensive miRNA profiling strategies to better handle isomiRs and summarization based on each nucleotide position to detect potential SNPs in miRNAs, (ii) different sequence mapping result assignment approaches to simulate results from microarray/qRT-PCR platforms and a local probabilistic model to assign mapping results to the most-likely IDs, (iii) comprehensive ribosomal RNA filtering for accurate mapping of exogenous RNAs and summarization based on taxonomy annotation. We evaluated our pipeline on both artificial samples (including synthetic miRNA and Escherichia coli cultures) and biological samples (human tissue and plasma). sRNAnalyzer is implemented in Perl and available at: http://srnanalyzer.systemsbiology.net/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Taek-Kyun Kim
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Baxter
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Aaron Gordon
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Alton Etheridge
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - David J Galas
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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13
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Yang J, Hagen J, Guntur KV, Allette K, Schuyler S, Ranjan J, Petralia F, Gesta S, Sebra R, Mahajan M, Zhang B, Zhu J, Houten S, Kasarskis A, Vishnudas VK, Akmaev VR, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Schadt EE, Argmann CA, Tu Z. A next generation sequencing based approach to identify extracellular vesicle mediated mRNA transfers between cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:987. [PMID: 29273013 PMCID: PMC5741891 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an important mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. However, previous studies either did not fully resolve what genetic materials were shuttled by exosomes or only focused on a specific set of miRNAs and mRNAs. A more systematic method is required to identify the genetic materials that are potentially transferred during cell-to-cell communication through EVs in an unbiased manner. Results In this work, we present a novel next generation of sequencing (NGS) based approach to identify EV mediated mRNA exchanges between co-cultured adipocyte and macrophage cells. We performed molecular and genomic profiling and jointly considered data from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genotyping to track the “sequence varying mRNAs” transferred between cells. We identified 8 mRNAs being transferred from macrophages to adipocytes and 21 mRNAs being transferred in the opposite direction. These mRNAs represented biological functions including extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, glycoprotein, and signal peptides. Conclusions Our study sheds new light on EV mediated RNA communications between adipocyte and macrophage cells, which may play a significant role in developing insulin resistance in diabetic patients. This work establishes a new method that is applicable to examining genetic material exchanges in many cellular systems and has the potential to be extended to in vivo studies as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4359-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Yang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Kimaada Allette
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Schuyler
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Francesca Petralia
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Robert Sebra
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Milind Mahajan
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sander Houten
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric E Schadt
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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14
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Le W. Tiny But Mighty: Promising Roles of MicroRNAs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:543-551. [PMID: 28762215 PMCID: PMC5636733 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. To date, the clinical diagnosis of PD is primarily based on the late onset of motor impairments. Unfortunately, at this stage, most of the dopaminergic neurons may have already been lost, leading to the limited clinical benefits of current therapeutics. Therefore, early identification of PD, especially at the prodromal stage, is still a main challenge in the diagnosis and management of this disease. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood have been proposed as putative biomarkers to assist in PD diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the changes of miRNA expression profiles in PD patients, and highlight their putative roles in the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
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15
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Role of MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications. Biochimie 2017; 139:9-19. [PMID: 28487136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health threat worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs known to regulate various biological processes including the pathogenesis of T2DM. Recent studies have pointed out that specific miRNAs play a critical role in controlling β cell activities and the development of diabetic vascular complications. Their association with the disease pathogenesis and omnipresence in body fluids have made them important players for prognosis, diagnosis and management of T2DM. Owing to the limitations of classical biomarkers of diabetes such as fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) lack in predicting the risk of development of diabetes complications in a susceptible population. The miRNAs can act as ideal biomarkers for diabetes associated complications. Identification of specific miRNA signatures to detect diabetes and ideally to find out the risk of development of diabetes-associated complications in susceptible population is the essential requirement of the present clinical strategies for controlling diabetes worldwide. In this article, we summarize the potential miRNAs and miRNA signatures involved in the β cell activities and diabetes associated macrovascular and microvascular complications.
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16
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17
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Abey SK, Yuana Y, Joseph PV, Kenea ND, Fourie NH, Sherwin LB, Gonye GE, Smyser PA, Stempinski ES, Boulineaux CM, Weaver KR, Bleck CK, Henderson WA. Lysozyme association with circulating RNA, extracellular vesicles, and chronic stress. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 7:23-35. [PMID: 28053879 PMCID: PMC5200883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress has demonstrated effects on inflammation though underlying cell-cell communication mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that circulating RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with chronic stress contain signals with functional roles in cell repair. METHODS Blood transcriptome from patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome versus controls were compared to identify signaling pathways and effectors. Plasma EVs were isolated (size-exclusion chromatography) and characterized for effectors' presence (immunogold labelling-electron microscopy). Based on transcriptome pathways and EV-labelling, lysozyme's effects on cell migration were tested in human colon epithelial CRL-1790 cells and compared to the effects of CXCL12, a migration inducer (wound assay). The effect of lysozyme on immune-linked mRNA and protein levels in cells which survived following serum starvation and scratch wound were investigated (NanoString). RESULTS Blood transcriptomes revealed pyridoxal 5'phosphate salvage, pyrimidine ribonucleotides salvage pathways, atherosclerosis, and cell movement signaling with membrane CD9 and extracellular lysozyme as effectors. Plasma EVs showed labelling with CD9, mucins, and lysozyme. This is the first identification of lysozyme on plasma EVs. In CRL-1790 cells, lysozyme induced migration and repaired scratch wound as well as CXCL12. Immune mRNA and protein expressions were altered in cells which survived following serum starvation and scratch wound, with or without lysozyme in serum-free media post-wounding: CD9, IL8, IL6 mRNAs and CD9, NT5E, PD-L1 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Repair and inflammatory signals are identified in plasma EVs and circulating RNAs in chronic stress. Registered clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00824941. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the role of circulating RNAs and EVs in stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Abey
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuana Yuana
- Image Sciences Institute, Division of Imaging, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natnael D. Kenea
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas H. Fourie
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - LeeAnne B. Sherwin
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul A. Smyser
- The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erin S. Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina M. Boulineaux
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen R. Weaver
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K.E. Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author at: Digestive Disorder Unit, 10 Center Drive, 2-1341, Division of Intramural Research, NINR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.Digestive Disorder UnitDivision of Intramural ResearchNINR, NIH, DHHS10 Center Drive, 2-1341BethesdaMD 20892United States
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18
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Suraj S, Dhar C, Srivastava S. Circulating nucleic acids: An analysis of their occurrence in malignancies. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:8-14. [PMID: 28123700 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a regulated or fortuitous phenomenon, small portions of cell nucleic acids are thrown into circulation. Since the discovery of these circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) in 1948, numerous studies have been published to elucidate their clinical implications in multifarious diseases. Scientists have now discovered disease-specific genetic aberrations, such as mutations, microsatellite alterations, epigenetic modulations (including aberrant methylation), as well as viral DNA/RNA from nucleic acids in plasma and serum. CNAs have become increasingly popular due to their potential for use as a liquid biopsy, which is a tool for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, such as cancer, stroke, trauma, myocardial infarction, autoimmune disorders, and pregnancy-associated complications. While the diagnostic potential of CNAs has been investigated extensively, there is a paucity of understanding of their pathophysiological functions. Are these CNAs part of the cell's regular framework of functioning? Or do they act as molecular players in disease initiation and progression? The aim of this review is to investigate the origins and functions of the circulating cell-free nucleic acids in the plasma and serum of patients with various malignancies, and propose areas of study, which may elucidate the novel underlying mechanisms that are functioning during cancer initiation/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suraj
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Chirag Dhar
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560034, India
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19
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Batistela MS, Josviak ND, Sulzbach CD, de Souza RLR. An overview of circulating cell-free microRNAs as putative biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:547-558. [PMID: 27381850 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1209754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in many biological fluids and their expression profiles can suffer changes under different physiological and pathological conditions. In the last few years, miRNAs have been proposed as putative noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment for several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive and/or motor impairments are usually considered for establishing clinical diagnosis, and at this stage, the majority of the neurons may already be lost making difficult attempts of novel therapies. In this review, we intend to survey the circulating cell-free miRNAs found as dysregulated in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and plasma samples in AD and PD patients, and show how those miRNAs can be useful for early and differential diagnosis. Beyond that, we highlighted the miRNAs that are possibly related to common molecular mechanisms in the neurodegeneration process, as well those miRNAs related to specific disease pathways.
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20
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Abstract
Inflammatory and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, remain the number one cause of death in the Western world, whereas the therapeutic options currently available are still limited. Several recent findings have indicated that nucleic acids, particularly extracellular ribosomal RNA and micro-RNAs, significantly contribute to the adverse outcome of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases. Extracellular RNAs act as novel danger-associated molecular pattern signals and potent cofactors in cardiovascular inflammation and thrombosis, particularly when accumulating in the extracellular space under tissue-damaging or pathological conditions. In this concise review article, the different entities of extracellular RNAs, their cellular sources, and their putative functional contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases will be discussed. In fact, it remains a tightrope walk for these polyanionic molecules outside cells to promote defense reactions on the one side but to provoke cardiovascular disease development on the other side, dependent on their concentration, the environmental conditions, and the cellular stimuli engaged. Thus, we will discuss the mechanisms and cellular responses by which extracellular RNAs operate between defense and disease. Finally, natural counteracting molecules, such as RNase1, will be focused on to elaborate their protective functions in the context of inflammatory and ischemic cardiovascular diseases with the possibility to apply them as novel interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.).
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.).
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21
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Buschmann D, Haberberger A, Kirchner B, Spornraft M, Riedmaier I, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW. Toward reliable biomarker signatures in the age of liquid biopsies - how to standardize the small RNA-Seq workflow. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5995-6018. [PMID: 27317696 PMCID: PMC5291277 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNA-Seq has emerged as a powerful tool in transcriptomics, gene expression profiling and biomarker discovery. Sequencing cell-free nucleic acids, particularly microRNA (miRNA), from liquid biopsies additionally provides exciting possibilities for molecular diagnostics, and might help establish disease-specific biomarker signatures. The complexity of the small RNA-Seq workflow, however, bears challenges and biases that researchers need to be aware of in order to generate high-quality data. Rigorous standardization and extensive validation are required to guarantee reliability, reproducibility and comparability of research findings. Hypotheses based on flawed experimental conditions can be inconsistent and even misleading. Comparable to the well-established MIQE guidelines for qPCR experiments, this work aims at establishing guidelines for experimental design and pre-analytical sample processing, standardization of library preparation and sequencing reactions, as well as facilitating data analysis. We highlight bottlenecks in small RNA-Seq experiments, point out the importance of stringent quality control and validation, and provide a primer for differential expression analysis and biomarker discovery. Following our recommendations will encourage better sequencing practice, increase experimental transparency and lead to more reproducible small RNA-Seq results. This will ultimately enhance the validity of biomarker signatures, and allow reliable and robust clinical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Buschmann
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 29, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Anna Haberberger
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Melanie Spornraft
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Irmgard Riedmaier
- Eurofins Medigenomix Forensik GmbH, Anzinger Straße 7a, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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22
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Yang J, Hotz T, Broadnax L, Yarmarkovich M, Elbaz-Younes I, Hirschi KD. Anomalous uptake and circulatory characteristics of the plant-based small RNA MIR2911. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26834. [PMID: 27251858 PMCID: PMC4890004 DOI: 10.1038/srep26834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent detection of plant-based dietary small RNAs in circulation has thwarted the use of dietary RNA therapeutics. Here we demonstrate mice consuming diets rich in vegetables displayed enhanced serum levels of the plant specific small RNA MIR2911. Differential centrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and proteinase K treatment of plant extracts suggest this RNA resides within a proteinase K-sensitive complex. Plant derived MIR2911 was more bioavailable than the synthetic RNA. Furthermore, MIR2911 exhibited unusual digestive stability compared with other synthetic plant microRNAs. The characteristics of circulating MIR2911 were also unusual as it was not associated with exosomes and fractionated as a soluble complex that was insensitive to proteinase K treatment, consistent with MIR2911 being stabilized by modifications conferred by the host. These results indicate that intrinsic stability and plant-based modifications orchestrate consumer uptake of this anomalous plant based small RNA and invite revisiting plant-based microRNA therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - LaCassidy Broadnax
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark Yarmarkovich
- Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ismail Elbaz-Younes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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23
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Peng Q, Collette W, Giddabasappa A, David J, Twamley M, Kalabat D, Aguirre SA, Huang W. Editor's Highlight: Plasma miR-183/96/182 Cluster and miR-124 are Promising Biomarkers of Rat Retinal Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:273-83. [PMID: 27208084 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal toxicity is one of the leading causes of attrition in drug development, and drug-induced retinal toxicity remains an issue in both drug discovery and postmarketed drugs. Derisking strategies to help with early identification of retinal injury utilizing a predictive retinal miRNA biomarker would greatly benefit decision-making in drug discovery programs, ultimately reducing attrition due to retinal toxicity. Our previous work demonstrated elevation of circulating retina-enriched miRNAs in a retinal toxicity model. To further validate our previous observation, 2 additional rat retinal injury models were utilized in this study: NaIO3-induced retinal injury and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) injury model. Following induction of retina tissue injuries, circulating miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183 cluster), and miR-124 was investigated, as well as evaluations using an electroretinogram (ERG) and histopathology analysis. Data revealed that circulating miR-183/96/182 cluster was significantly increased (2- to 15-fold) compared with baseline/control in both laser-induced CNV and NaIO3-induced retinal injury models. Moreover, the severity of the retinal injury evaluated by ERG and histopathology correlated highly with elevation of these retina-enriched miRNAs in plasma. MiR-124 was also significantly increased in comparison with baseline/control by ∼25-fold postrepeat-doses of 30 mg/kg NaIO3 treatment. Increased level of these plasma miRNA biomarkers appeared to be dose- and time-dependent upon NaIO3 or laser treatment. The results suggest that the retina-enriched miRNAs (miR-183/96/182 cluster and miR-124) could serve as convenient and predictive biomarkers of retinal toxicity in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anand Giddabasappa
- Global Science and Technology, Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
| | - John David
- Global Science and Technology, Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121
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24
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Abstract
By studying literature data and having performed an in silico analysis, the circulating microRNA expression profiles of healthy individuals appear to show an abundance of microRNAs with predominant tumor suppressor activity. We hypothesize that circulating tumor suppressor microRNAs might constitute a sort of continuous tumor surveillance, whereby circulating microRNAs delivering gene expression modulating epigenetic information might halt cell transformation and tumorigenesis. This mechanism might complement the well-known cancer immune surveillance. A further hypothesis is also discussed, supposing that the tissue specific action of microRNAs might represent a putative defense mechanism against the potential tumor-promoting actions of secreted miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Igaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Szt Imre Teaching Hospital Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, 1088, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Cui SF, Li W, Niu J, Zhang CY, Chen X, Ma JZ. Acute responses of circulating microRNAs to low-volume sprint interval cycling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:311. [PMID: 26578983 PMCID: PMC4626635 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-volume high-intensity interval training is an efficient and practical method of inducing physiological responses in various tissues to develop physical fitness and may also change the expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether miRNAs for muscle, heart, somatic tissue and metabolism were affected by 30-s intervals of intensive sprint cycling. We also examined the relationship of these miRNAs to conventional biochemical and performance indices. Eighteen healthy young males performed sprint interval cycling. Circulating miRNAs in plasma were detected using TaqMan-based quantitative PCR and normalized to Let-7d/g/i. In addition, we determined the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, testosterone and cortisol, and anaerobic capacity. Compared to plasma levels before exercise muscle-specific miR-1 (0.12 ± 0.02 vs. 0.09 ± 0.02), miR-133a (0.46 ± 0.10 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06), and miR-133b (0.19 ± 0.02 vs. 0.10 ± 0.01) decreased (all P < 0.05), while miR-206 and miR-499 remained unchanged. The levels of metabolism related miR-122 (0.62 ± 0.07 vs. 0.34 ± 0.03) and somatic tissues related miR-16 (1.74 ± 0.27 vs. 0.94 ± 0.12) also decreased (both P < 0.05). The post-exercise IGF-1 and cortisol concentrations were significantly increased, while testosterone concentrations did not. Plasma levels of miR-133b correlated to peak power (r = 0.712, P = 0.001) and miR-122 correlated to peak power ratio (r = 0.665, P = 0.003). In conclusion sprint exercise provokes genetic changes for RNA related to specific muscle or metabolism related miRNAs suggesting that miR-133b and miR-122 may be potential useful biomarkers for actual physiological strain or anaerobic capacity. Together, our findings on the circulating miRNAs may provide new insight into the physiological responses that are being performed during exercise and delineate mechanisms by which exercise confers distinct phenotypes and improves performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Niu
- The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Zheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; The Lab of Military Conditioning and Motor Function Assessment, The PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing, China
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26
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Oudejans CB. Maternal plasma RNA sequencing. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:942-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Kropp J, Khatib H. mRNA fragments in in vitro culture media are associated with bovine preimplantation embryonic development. Front Genet 2015; 6:273. [PMID: 26379701 PMCID: PMC4547040 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro production (IVP) systems have been used to bypass problems of fertilization and early embryonic development. However, embryos produced by IVP are commonly selected for implantation based on morphological assessment, which is not a strong indicator of establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, there is a need to identify additional indicators of embryonic developmental potential. Previous studies have identified microRNA expression in in vitro culture media to be indicative of embryo quality in both bovine and human embryos. Like microRNAs, mRNAs have been shown to be secreted from cells into the extracellular environment, but it is unknown whether or not these RNAs are secreted by embryos. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether mRNAs are secreted into in vitro culture media and if their expression in the media is indicative of embryo quality. In vitro culture medium was generated and collected from both blastocyst and degenerate (those which fail to develop from the morula to blastocyst stage) embryos. Small-RNA sequencing revealed that many mRNA fragments were present in the culture media. A total of 17 mRNA fragments were differentially expressed between blastocyst and degenerate conditioned media. Differential expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR for fragments of mRNA POSTN and VSNL-1, in four additional biological replicates of media. To better understand the mechanisms of mRNA secretion into the media, the expression of a predicted RNA binding protein of POSTN, PUM2, was knocked down using an antisense oligonucleotide gapmer. Supplementation of a PUM2 gapmer significantly reduced blastocyst development and decreased secretion of POSTN mRNA into the media. Overall, differential mRNA expression in the media was repeatable and sets the framework for future study of mRNA biomarkers in in vitro culture media to improve predictability of reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, MadisonWI, USA
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Mangolini A, Ferracin M, Zanzi MV, Saccenti E, Ebnaof SO, Poma VV, Sanz JM, Passaro A, Pedriali M, Frassoldati A, Querzoli P, Sabbioni S, Carcoforo P, Hollingsworth A, Negrini M. Diagnostic and prognostic microRNAs in the serum of breast cancer patients measured by droplet digital PCR. Biomark Res 2015; 3:12. [PMID: 26120471 PMCID: PMC4483205 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer circulating biomarkers include carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 15–3, which are used for patient follow-up. Since sensitivity and specificity are low, novel and more useful biomarkers are needed. The presence of stable circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum or plasma suggested a promising role for these tiny RNAs as cancer biomarkers. To acquire an absolute concentration of circulating miRNAs and reduce the impact of preanalytical and analytical variables, we used the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique. Results We investigated a panel of five miRNAs in the sera of two independent cohorts of breast cancer patients and disease-free controls. The study showed that miR-148b-3p and miR-652-3p levels were significantly lower in the serum of breast cancer patients than that in controls in both cohorts. For these two miRNAs, the stratification of breast cancer patients versus controls was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. In addition, we showed that higher levels of serum miR-10b-5p were associated with clinicobiological markers of poor prognosis. Conclusions The study revealed the usefulness of the ddPCR approach for the quantification of circulating miRNAs. The use of the ddPCR quantitative approach revealed very good agreement between two independent cohorts in terms of comparable absolute miRNA concentrations and consistent trends of dysregulation in breast cancer patients versus controls. Overall, this study supports the use of the quantitative ddPCR approach for monitoring the absolute levels of diagnostic and prognostic tumor-specific circulating miRNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40364-015-0037-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mangolini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Zanzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Saccenti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sayda Omer Ebnaof
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Vultaggio Poma
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana M Sanz
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Passaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Pedriali
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Querzoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Carcoforo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alan Hollingsworth
- Mercy Cancer Resource Center/Women's Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma USA
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Edmunds RC, McIntyre JK, Luckenbach JA, Baldwin DH, Incardona JP. Toward enhanced MIQE compliance: reference residual normalization of qPCR gene expression data. J Biomol Tech 2015; 25:54-60. [PMID: 24982597 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.14-2502-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Normalization of fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data varies across quantitative gene expression studies, despite its integral role in accurate data quantification and interpretation. Identification of suitable reference genes plays an essential role in accurate qPCR normalization, as it ensures that uncorrected gene expression data reflect normalized data. The reference residual normalization (RRN) method presented here is a modified approach to conventional 2(-ΔΔCt)qPCR normalization that increases mathematical transparency and incorporates statistical assessment of reference gene stability. RRN improves mathematical transparency through the use of sample-specific reference residuals (RR i ) that are generated from the mean Ct of one or more reference gene(s) that are unaffected by treatment. To determine stability of putative reference genes, RRN uses ANOVA to assess the effect of treatment on expression and subsequent equivalence-threshold testing to establish the minimum permitted resolution. Step-by-step instructions and comprehensive examples that demonstrate the influence of reference gene stability on target gene normalization and interpretation are provided. Through mathematical transparency and statistical rigor, RRN promotes compliance with Minimum Information for Quantitative Experiments and, in so doing, provides increased confidence in qPCR data analysis and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, USA; and
| | - J Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental Physiology Program, Resource Enhancement and Utilization Technologies Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA; ; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - David H Baldwin
- Ecotoxicology Program, Environmental Conservation Division, and
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Leal RO, Gil S, Duarte A, McGahie D, Sepúlveda N, Niza MMRE, Tavares L. Evaluation of viremia, proviral load and cytokine profile in naturally feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats treated with two different protocols of recombinant feline interferon omega. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:87-95. [PMID: 25747956 PMCID: PMC7111827 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FIV-infected cats were treated with two protocols of rFeIFN-ω (sub-cutaneous vs oral). The cytokine profile was evaluated in FIV-cats undergoing rFeIFN-ω therapy. There was a decrease of IL-6 mRNA expression in cats treated with the oral protocol. There was a reduction of IL-6 plasma levels in cats treated subcutaneously. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN seems to reduce pro-inflammatory stimuli.
This study assesses viremia, provirus and blood cytokine profile in naturally FIV-infected cats treated with two distinct protocols of interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω). Samples from FIV-cats previously submitted to two single-arm studies were used: 7/18 received the licensed/subcutaneous protocol (SC) while 11/18 were treated orally (PO). Viremia, provirus and blood mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α were monitored by Real-Time qPCR. Concurrent plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-4 were assessed by ELISA. IL-6 plasma levels decreased in the SC group (p = 0.031). IL-6 mRNA expression (p = 0.037) decreased in the PO group, albeit not sufficiently to change concurrent plasma levels. Neither viremia nor other measured cytokines changed with therapy. Proviral load increased in the SC group (p = 0.031), which can be justified by a clinically irrelevant increase of lymphocyte count. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN-ω seems to act on innate immunity by reducing pro-inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo O Leal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, 43 Av. Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - Solange Gil
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Duarte
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Bloco C6-Piso 4 Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M R E Niza
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Coenen-Stass AML, Mäger I, Wood MJA. Extracellular microRNAs in Membrane Vesicles and Non-vesicular Carriers. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2015; 106:31-53. [PMID: 26608198 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Great excitement has surrounded the finding that small RNAs are stable in various biofluids and carry specific signatures reflecting physiological and pathological states. In this chapter, we briefly describe the impact of this revolutionary discovery and introduce different subclasses of circulating microRNAs based on their mode of transport. Subsequently, we review the current state-of-the art knowledge on microRNA selection for export, secretion and possible uptake mechanisms and their potential function in circulation. Furthermore, we give an overview on the possible use of cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Overall, we aim to highlight open questions and address some of the pitfalls of current extracellular RNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M L Coenen-Stass
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mathew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
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Abstract
Sperm RNA has been linked recently to trans-generational, non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Originally dismissed as “residual” to spermatogenesis, some sperm RNA may have postfertilization functions including the transmission of acquired characteristics. Sperm RNA may help explain how trans-generational effects are transmitted and it may also have implications for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) where sperm are subjected to considerable, ex vivo manual handling. The presence of sperm RNA was originally a controversial topic because nuclear gene expression is switched off in the mature mammalian spermatozoon. With the recent application of next generation sequencing (NGS), an unexpectedly rich and complex repertoire of RNAs has been revealed in the sperm of several species that makes its residual presence counterintuitive. What follows is a personal survey of the science behind our understanding of sperm RNA and its functional significance based on experimental observations from my laboratory as well as many others who have contributed to the field over the years and are continuing to contribute today. The narrative begins with a historical perspective and ends with some educated speculation on where research into sperm RNA is likely to lead us in the next 10 years or so.
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Holm A, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Knudsen S, Kornum BR, Modvig S, Jennum P, Gammeltoft S. miRNA profiles in plasma from patients with sleep disorders reveal dysregulation of miRNAs in narcolepsy and other central hypersomnias. Sleep 2014; 37:1525-33. [PMID: 25142559 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases including neurological disorders. The aim is to address the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of central hypersomnias including autoimmune narcolepsy with cataplexy and hypocretin deficiency (type 1 narcolepsy), narcolepsy without cataplexy (type 2 narcolepsy), and idiopathic hypersomnia. DESIGN We conducted high-throughput analysis of miRNA in plasma from three groups of patients-with type 1 narcolepsy, type 2 narcolepsy, and idiopathic hypersomnia, respectively-in comparison with healthy controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) panels. SETTING University hospital based sleep clinic and research laboratories. PATIENTS Twelve patients with type 1 narcolepsy, 12 patients with type 2 narcolepsy, 12 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, and 12 healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS By analyzing miRNA in plasma with qPCR we identified 50, 24, and 6 miRNAs that were different in patients with type 1 narcolepsy, type 2 narcolepsy, and idiopathic hypersomnia, respectively, compared with healthy controls. Twenty miRNA candidates who fulfilled the criteria of at least two-fold difference and p-value < 0.05 were selected to validate the miRNA changes in an independent cohort of patients. Four miRNAs differed significantly between type 1 narcolepsy patients and healthy controls. Levels of miR-30c, let-7f, and miR-26a were higher, whereas the level of miR-130a was lower in type 1 narcolepsy than healthy controls. The miRNA differences were not specific for type 1 narcolepsy, since the levels of the four miRNAs were also altered in patients with type 2 narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION The levels of four miRNAs differed in plasma from patients with type 1 narcolepsy, type 2 narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia suggesting that alterations of miRNAs may be involved in the pathophysiology of central hypersomnias.
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Gomes CPC, Oliveira GP, Madrid B, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Pereira RW. Circulating miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 levels are increased after a half-marathon run. Biomarkers 2014; 19:585-9. [PMID: 25146754 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.952663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers that can be important molecules driving cell-to-cell communication. OBJECTIVE To investigate circulating muscle-specific miRNAs in recreational athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three miRNAs from whole plasma before and after a half-marathon were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS MiR-1, -133a, and -206 significantly increased after the race. DISCUSSION Increased levels of miRNAs after exercise point to potential biomarkers and to the possibility of being functional players following endurance training. CONCLUSION These miRNAs are potential biomarkers of muscle damage or adaptation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P C Gomes
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília, DF , Brazil
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Igaz I, Igaz P. Tumor surveillance by circulating microRNAs: a hypothesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4081-7. [PMID: 25037157 PMCID: PMC4194016 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of experimental evidence supports the diagnostic relevance of circulating microRNAs in various diseases including cancer. The biological relevance of circulating microRNAs is, however, largely unknown, particularly in healthy individuals. Here, we propose a hypothesis based on the relative abundance of microRNAs with predominant tumor suppressor activity in the blood of healthy individuals. According to our hypothesis, certain sets of circulating microRNAs might function as a tumor surveillance mechanism exerting continuous inhibition on tumor formation. The microRNA-mediated tumor surveillance might complement cancer immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Igaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Szent Imre Teaching Hospital, Tétényi str. 12-16, Budapest, 1115 Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
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Cossetti C, Lugini L, Astrologo L, Saggio I, Fais S, Spadafora C. Soma-to-germline transmission of RNA in mice xenografted with human tumour cells: possible transport by exosomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101629. [PMID: 24992257 PMCID: PMC4081593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian laws provide the universal founding paradigm for the mechanism of genetic inheritance through which characters are segregated and assorted. In recent years, however, parallel with the rapid growth of epigenetic studies, cases of inheritance deviating from Mendelian patterns have emerged. Growing studies underscore phenotypic variations and increased risk of pathologies that are transgenerationally inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion in the absence of any classically identifiable mutation or predisposing genetic lesion in the genome of individuals who develop the disease. Non-Mendelian inheritance is most often transmitted through the germline in consequence of primary events occurring in somatic cells, implying soma-to-germline transmission of information. While studies of sperm cells suggest that epigenetic variations can potentially underlie phenotypic alterations across generations, no instance of transmission of DNA- or RNA-mediated information from somatic to germ cells has been reported as yet. To address these issues, we have now generated a mouse model xenografted with human melanoma cells stably expressing EGFP-encoding plasmid. We find that EGFP RNA is released from the xenografted human cells into the bloodstream and eventually in spermatozoa of the mice. Tumor-released EGFP RNA is associated with an extracellular fraction processed for exosome purification and expressing exosomal markers, in all steps of the process, from the xenografted cancer cells to the spermatozoa of the recipient animals, strongly suggesting that exosomes are the carriers of a flow of information from somatic cells to gametes. Together, these results indicate that somatic RNA is transferred to sperm cells, which can therefore act as the final recipients of somatic cell-derived information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Lugini
- Unit of Antitumor Drugs, Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Astrologo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Unit of Antitumor Drugs, Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Extracellular RNA mediates and marks cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 28:14-23. [PMID: 24783980 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different types of RNAs identified thus far represent a diverse group of macromolecules that are involved in the regulation of different biological processes. RNA is generally thought to be localized primarily in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, some types of RNA have been detected in the extracellular milieu. These extracellular RNA (exRNA) molecules are protected from degradation and it is now widely accepted that extracellular vesicles and ribonucleoprotein particles serve as transport vehicles for exRNA among cells. The functional consequence of this transfer of genetic information probably encompasses a broad range of normal developmental and physiologic processes in many organisms. This review will focus on the role of exRNA communication in cancer. We will focus on different types of RNA species identified and characterized within tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Further, we will describe the role of exRNAs in cancer progression, as well as their potential for use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for monitoring and treating cancer, respectively.
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Novel transcriptome data analysis implicates circulating microRNAs in epigenetic inheritance in mammals. Gene 2014; 538:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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