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Rustamadji P, Wiyarta E, Miftahuzzakiyah M, Sukmawati D, Suryandari DA, Kodariah R. Potential of AKNA as a Predictive Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer and Its Relationship to Tumor Grading. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:1089-1094. [PMID: 39348329 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_46_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer exhibits a significant prevalence and incidence on a global scale. Low-grade or high-grade epithelial-type ovarian cancer can be classified by using the dualistic model. Inflammation has been associated with AKNA protein by cancer researchers. The potential of AKNA as a cancer biomarker is supported by its significance and association with ovarian carcinoma. Uninvestigated is this enormous potential. AIM This study examines the correlation between AKNA expression in low-grade and high-grade ovarian tumors and its utility as a predictive biomarker for ovarian cancer. METHODS This study examined a total of thirty-one samples, which were classified into three groups: cyst, low-grade, and high-grade ovarian carcinoma. The departmental archive was accessed for the following information: age, tumor size, nuclear grade, mitosis, ovary volume, implant tumor status, lymph vascular invasion status, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte. The expression of AKNA was determined using IHC staining. The information was collected and analyzed via analysis of variance. RESULTS The AKNA H-score shows the mean difference between all three groups (P < 0.001). Cysts had the highest AKNA expression, followed by low-grade and high-grade ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSION Higher-grade ovarian cancer expressed less AKNA compared to cysts or low-grade forms of the disease. This considerable difference suggests that AKNA might predict ovarian cancer tumor grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rustamadji
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - E Wiyarta
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Miftahuzzakiyah
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - D Sukmawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - D A Suryandari
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - R Kodariah
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Pociupany M, Snoeck R, Dierickx D, Andrei G. Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus infection in immunocompromised patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116270. [PMID: 38734316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), is a ubiquitous γ-Herpesvirus that infects over 95% of the human population and can establish a life-long infection without causing any clinical symptoms in healthy individuals by residing in memory B-cells. Primary infection occurs in childhood and is mostly asymptomatic, however in some young adults it can result in infectious mononucleosis (IM). In immunocompromised individuals however, EBV infection has been associated with many different malignancies. Since EBV can infect both epithelial and B-cells and very rarely NK cells and T-cells, it is associated with both epithelial cancers like nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC), with lymphomas including Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) or Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) and rarely with NK/T-cell lymphomas. Currently there are no approved antivirals active in PTLD nor in any other malignancy. Moreover, lytic phase disease almost never requires antiviral treatment. Although many novel therapies against EBV have been described, the management and/or prevention of EBV primary infections or reactivations remains difficult. In this review, we discuss EBV infection, therapies targeting EBV in both lytic and latent state with novel therapeutics developed that show anti-EBV activity as well as EBV-associated malignancies both, epithelial and lymphoproliferative malignancies and emerging therapies targeting the EBV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pociupany
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Dierickx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Kondo S, Okabe A, Nakagawa T, Matsusaka K, Fukuyo M, Rahmutulla B, Dochi H, Mizokami H, Kitagawa Y, Kurokawa T, Mima M, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Wakisaka N, Misawa K, Yoshizaki T, Kaneda A. Repression of DERL3 via DNA methylation by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166598. [PMID: 36372158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated invasive malignancy. Increasing evidence indicates that epigenetic abnormalities, including DNA methylation, play important roles in the development of NPC. In particular, the EBV principal oncogene, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), is considered a key factor in inducing aberrant DNA methylation of several tumour suppressor genes in NPC, although the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we comprehensively analysed the methylome data of Infinium BeadArray from 51 NPC and 52 normal nasopharyngeal tissues to identify LMP1-inducible methylation genes. Using hierarchical clustering analysis, we classified NPC into the high-methylation, low-methylation, and normal-like subgroups. We defined high-methylation genes as those that were methylated in the high-methylation subgroup only and common methylation genes as those that were methylated in both high- and low-methylation subgroups. Subsequently, we identified 715 LMP1-inducible methylation genes by observing the methylome data of the nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line with or without LMP1 expression. Because high-methylation genes were enriched with LMP1-inducible methylation genes, we extracted 95 high-methylation genes that overlapped with the LMP1-inducible methylation genes. Among them, we identified DERL3 as the most significantly methylated gene affected by LMP1 expression. DERL3 knockdown in cell lines resulted in significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Lower DERL3 expression was more frequently detected in the advanced T-stage NPC than in early T-stage NPC. These results indicate that DERL3 repression by DNA methylation contributes to NPC tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-2856, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba 260-2856, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Genome Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Dochi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Harue Mizokami
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitagawa
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-2856, Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naohiro Wakisaka
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.
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Chung WC, Song MJ. Virus–Host Interplay Between Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Oncogenic Gammaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:811671. [PMID: 35095818 PMCID: PMC8795711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.811671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gammaherpesviruses, include the Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and murine gammaherpesvirus 68. They establish latent infection in the B lymphocytes and are associated with various lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), also called ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria-toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety to its target proteins and participates in important cellular activities, such as the DNA-damage response, cell death, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and inflammation. In gammaherpesvirus infection, PARP1 acts as a key regulator of the virus life cycle: lytic replication and latency. These viruses also develop various strategies to regulate PARP1, facilitating their replication. This review summarizes the roles of PARP1 in the viral life cycle as well as the viral modulation of host PARP1 activity and discusses the implications. Understanding the interactions between the PARP1 and oncogenic gammaherpesviruses may lead to the identification of effective therapeutic targets for the associated diseases.
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Guo R, Zhang Y, Teng M, Jiang C, Schineller M, Zhao B, Doench JG, O'Reilly RJ, Cesarman E, Giulino-Roth L, Gewurz BE. DNA methylation enzymes and PRC1 restrict B-cell Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein expression. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1051-1063. [PMID: 32424339 PMCID: PMC7462085 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To accomplish the remarkable task of lifelong infection, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) switches between four viral genome latency and lytic programmes to navigate the B-cell compartment and evade immune responses. The transforming programme, consisting of highly immunogenic EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) and latent membrane proteins (LMPs), is expressed in newly infected B lymphocytes and in post-transplant lymphomas. On memory cell differentiation and in most EBV-associated Burkitt's lymphomas, all but one viral antigen are repressed for immunoevasion. To gain insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that restrict immunogenic oncoprotein expression, a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen was performed in EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Here, we show that the ubiquitin ligase ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (UHRF1) and its DNA methyltransferase partner DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) are critical for the restriction of EBNA and LMP expression. All UHRF1 reader and writer domains were necessary for silencing and DNMT3B was identified as an upstream viral genome CpG methylation initiator. Polycomb repressive complex I exerted a further layer of control over LMP expression, suggesting a second mechanism for latency programme switching. UHRF1, DNMT1 and DNMT3B are upregulated in germinal centre B cells, the Burkitt's lymphoma cell of origin, providing a molecular link between B-cell state and the EBV latency programme. These results suggest rational therapeutic targets to manipulate EBV oncoprotein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chang Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Molly Schineller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Minarovits J, Niller HH. Truncated oncoproteins of retroviruses and hepatitis B virus: A lesson in contrasts. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:342-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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EBV infection is associated with histone bivalent switch modifications in squamous epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14144-14153. [PMID: 31235597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821752116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces histone modifications to regulate signaling pathways involved in EBV-driven tumorigenesis. To date, the regulatory mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that EBV infection of epithelial cells is associated with aberrant histone modification; specifically, aberrant histone bivalent switches by reducing the transcriptional activation histone mark (H3K4me3) and enhancing the suppressive mark (H3K27me3) at the promoter regions of a panel of DNA damage repair members in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells. Sixteen DNA damage repair family members in base excision repair (BER), homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways showed aberrant histone bivalent switches. Among this panel of DNA repair members, MLH1, involved in MMR, was significantly down-regulated in EBV-infected NPE cells through aberrant histone bivalent switches in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. Functionally, expression of MLH1 correlated closely with cisplatin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, seven BER members with aberrant histone bivalent switches in the EBV-positive NPE cell lines were significantly enriched in pathway analysis in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. This observation is further validated by their down-regulation in EBV-infected NPE cells. The in vitro comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site assays further confirmed that EBV-infected NPE cells showed reduced DNA damage repair responsiveness. These findings suggest the importance of EBV-associated aberrant histone bivalent switch in host cells in subsequent suppression of DNA damage repair genes in a methylation-independent manner.
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Abdallah MOE, Algizouli UK, Suliman MA, Abdulrahman RA, Koko M, Fessahaye G, Shakir JH, Fahal AH, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME, Mohamed HS. EBV Associated Breast Cancer Whole Methylome Analysis Reveals Viral and Developmental Enriched Pathways. Front Oncol 2018; 8:316. [PMID: 30151354 PMCID: PMC6099083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) ranks among the most common cancers in Sudan and worldwide with hefty toll on female health and human resources. Recent studies have uncovered a common BC signature characterized by low frequency of oncogenic mutations and high frequency of epigenetic silencing of major BC tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, we conducted a pilot genome-wide methylome study to characterize aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer. Results: Differential methylation analysis between primary tumor samples and normal samples from healthy adjacent tissues yielded 20,188 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), which is further divided into 13,633 hypermethylated sites corresponding to 5339 genes and 6,555 hypomethylated sites corresponding to 2811 genes. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis revealed epigenetic dysregulation of major developmental pathways including hippo signaling pathway. We also uncovered many clues to a possible role for EBV infection in BC. Conclusion: Our results clearly show the utility of epigenetic assays in interrogating breast cancer tumorigenesis, and pinpointing specific developmental and viral pathways dysregulation that might serve as potential biomarkers or targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad O E Abdallah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ubai K Algizouli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maram A Suliman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rawya A Abdulrahman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ghimja Fessahaye
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jamal H Shakir
- Department of Surgery, Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed H Fahal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed M Elhassan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba S Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Biology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Müller-Coan BG, Caetano BFR, Pagano JS, Elgui de Oliveira D. Cancer Progression Goes Viral: The Role of Oncoviruses in Aggressiveness of Malignancies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:485-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kozireva S, Rudevica Z, Baryshev M, Leonciks A, Kashuba E, Kholodnyuk I. Upregulation of the Chemokine Receptor CCR2B in Epstein‒Barr Virus-Positive Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines with the Latency III Program. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050239. [PMID: 29751565 PMCID: PMC5977232 DOI: 10.3390/v10050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is the cognate receptor to the chemokine CCL2. CCR2–CCL2 signaling mediates cancer progression and metastasis dissemination. However, the role of CCR2–CCL2 signaling in pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies is not clear. Previously, we showed that CCR2B was upregulated in ex vivo peripheral blood B cells upon Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) infection and in established lymphoblastoid cell lines with the EBV latency III program. EBV latency III is associated with B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed patients. The majority of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) tumors are characterized by latency I, but the BL cell lines drift towards latency III during in vitro culture. In this study, the CCR2A and CCR2B expression was assessed in the isogenic EBV-positive BL cell lines with latency I and III using RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining analyses. We found that CCR2B is upregulated in the EBV-positive BL cells with latency III. Consequently, we detected the migration of latency III cells toward CCL2. Notably, the G190A mutation, corresponding to SNP CCR2-V64I, was found in one latency III cell line with a reduced migratory response to CCL2. The upregulation of CCR2B may contribute to the enhanced migration of malignant B cells into CCL2-rich compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kozireva
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Zhanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ainars Leonciks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 16 Nobelsväg, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology, NASU, 45 Vasylkivska str, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Irina Kholodnyuk
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
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Pandey S, Jha HC, Shukla SK, Shirley MK, Robertson ES. Epigenetic Regulation of Tumor Suppressors by Helicobacter pylori Enhances EBV-Induced Proliferation of Gastric Epithelial Cells. mBio 2018; 9:e00649-18. [PMID: 29691341 PMCID: PMC5915740 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00649-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are two well-known contributors to cancer and can establish lifelong persistent infection in the host. This leads to chronic inflammation, which also contributes to development of cancer. Association with H. pylori increases the risk of gastric carcinoma, and coexistence with EBV enhances proliferation of infected cells. Further, H. pylori-EBV coinfection causes chronic inflammation in pediatric patients. We have established an H. pylori-EBV coinfection model system using human gastric epithelial cells. We showed that H. pylori infection can increase the oncogenic phenotype of EBV-infected cells and that the cytotoxin-associated gene (CagA) protein encoded by H. pylori stimulated EBV-mediated cell proliferation in this coinfection model system. This led to increased expression of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs), which reprogrammed cellular transcriptional profiles, including those of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), through hypermethylation. These findings provide new insights into a molecular mechanism whereby cooperativity between two oncogenic agents leads to enhanced oncogenic activity of gastric cancer cells.IMPORTANCE We have studied the cooperativity between H. pylori and EBV, two known oncogenic agents. This led to an enhanced oncogenic phenotype in gastric epithelial cells. We now demonstrate that EBV-driven epigenetic modifications are enhanced in the presence of H. pylori, more specifically, in the presence of its CagA secretory antigen. This results in increased proliferation of the infected gastric cells. Our findings now elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby expression of cellular DNA methyl transferases is induced influencing infection by EBV. Hypermethylation of the regulatory genomic regions of tumor suppressor genes results in their silencing. This drastically affects the expression of cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair genes, which dysregulates their associated processes, and promotion of the oncogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan K Shirley
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hernandez-Vargas H, Gruffat H, Cros MP, Diederichs A, Sirand C, Vargas-Ayala RC, Jay A, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Herceg Z, Manet E, Wild CP, Tommasino M, Accardi R. Viral driven epigenetic events alter the expression of cancer-related genes in Epstein-Barr-virus naturally infected Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5852. [PMID: 28724958 PMCID: PMC5517637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was identified as the first human virus to be associated with a human malignancy, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), a pediatric cancer endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The exact mechanism of how EBV contributes to the process of lymphomagenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies have highlighted a genetic difference between endemic (EBV+) and sporadic (EBV-) BL, with the endemic variant showing a lower somatic mutation load, which suggests the involvement of an alternative virally-driven process of transformation in the pathogenesis of endemic BL. We tested the hypothesis that a global change in DNA methylation may be induced by infection with EBV, possibly thereby accounting for the lower mutation load observed in endemic BL. Our comparative analysis of the methylation profiles of a panel of BL derived cell lines, naturally infected or not with EBV, revealed that the presence of the virus is associated with a specific pattern of DNA methylation resulting in altered expression of cellular genes with a known or potential role in lymphomagenesis. These included ID3, a gene often found to be mutated in sporadic BL. In summary this study provides evidence that EBV may contribute to the pathogenesis of BL through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henri Gruffat
- CIRI, (Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team), Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Pierre Cros
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Audrey Diederichs
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Cécilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Romina C Vargas-Ayala
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Antonin Jay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Evelyne Manet
- CIRI, (Oncogenic Herpesviruses Team), Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Christopher P Wild
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, 69372, France.
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13
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Cicchini L, Blumhagen RZ, Westrich JA, Myers ME, Warren CJ, Siska C, Raben D, Kechris KJ, Pyeon D. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus E7 Alters Host DNA Methylome and Represses HLA-E Expression in Human Keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3633. [PMID: 28623356 PMCID: PMC5473897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection distinctly alters methylation patterns in HPV-associated cancer. We have recently reported that HPV E7-dependent promoter hypermethylation leads to downregulation of the chemokine CXCL14 and suppression of antitumor immune responses. To investigate the extent of gene expression dysregulated by HPV E7-induced DNA methylation, we analyzed parallel global gene expression and DNA methylation using normal immortalized keratinocyte lines, NIKS, NIKS-16, NIKS-18, and NIKS-16∆E7. We show that expression of the MHC class I genes is downregulated in HPV-positive keratinocytes in an E7-dependent manner. Methylome analysis revealed hypermethylation at a distal CpG island (CGI) near the HLA-E gene in NIKS-16 cells compared to either NIKS cells or NIKS-16∆E7 cells, which lack E7 expression. The HLA-E CGI functions as an active promoter element which is dramatically repressed by DNA methylation. HLA-E protein expression on cell surface is downregulated by high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 E7 expression, but not by low-risk HPV6 and HPV11 E7 expression. Conversely, demethylation at the HLA-E CGI restores HLA-E protein expression in HPV-positive keratinocytes. Because HLA-E plays an important role in antiviral immunity by regulating natural killer and CD8+ T cells, epigenetic downregulation of HLA-E by high-risk HPV E7 may contribute to virus-induced immune evasion during HPV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Cicchini
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Z Blumhagen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mallory E Myers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cody J Warren
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charlotte Siska
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina J Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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14
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Singh S, Jha HC. Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:3456264. [PMID: 28421114 PMCID: PMC5379099 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3456264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Singh
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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15
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with several distinct hematological and epithelial malignancies, e.g., Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and others. The association with several malignant tumors of local and worldwide distribution makes EBV one of the most important tumor viruses. Furthermore, because EBV can cause posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, transplant medicine has to deal with EBV as a major pathogenic virus second only to cytomegalovirus. In this review, we summarize briefly the natural history of EBV infection and outline some of the recent advances in the pathogenesis of the major EBV-associated neoplasms. We present alternative scenarios and discuss them in the light of most recent experimental data. Emerging research areas including EBV-induced patho-epigenetic alterations in host cells and the putative role of exosome-mediated information transfer in disease development are also within the scope of this review. This book contains an in-depth description of a series of modern methodologies used in EBV research. In this introductory chapter, we thoroughly refer to the applications of these methods and demonstrate how they contributed to the understanding of EBV-host cell interactions. The data gathered using recent technological advancements in molecular biology and immunology as well as the application of sophisticated in vitro and in vivo experimental models certainly provided deep and novel insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms of EBV infection and EBV-associated tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the development of adoptive T cell immunotherapy has provided a novel approach to the therapy of viral disease in transplant medicine and hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Minarovits
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
The vast majority of the human adult population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the majority of the EBV-infected individuals tolerates the infection well, without any further symptoms after primary infection. In cases of individuals which undergo primary infection in the form of an infectious mononucleosis, or which have undergone primary infection in their past, it is sometimes important to appraise symptomatic disease or differentiate infectious mononucleosis from other conditions. In these cases, serological methods, i.e., immunofluorescence, ELISA, or Western blot, are the methods of choice to come to an unequivocal diagnostic conclusion, while the detection and quantification of viral DNA through PCR plays a minor role.On the other hand, in a minority of the human population, EBV infection is associated or causally linked with autoimmune or malignant disease. Especially in the bone marrow or solid organ transplanted, or in otherwise severely immune-suppressed patients, prolonged EBV primary infection or EBV reactivation from latency may be a serious and life-threatening complication which needs to be diagnosed the faster the better, in order to take therapeutic steps in time. Determining the serostatus correctly is also important in these cases. However, the direct and quantitative detection of viral DNA are of importance for the diagnosis of serious EBV disease and its monitoring.In the following, we give an overview of diagnostic methods to accurately determine EBV serostatus and viral load. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method and report on the diagnostic significance of each and how to resolve diagnostic problems in case of uncertainties. For practical procedures, we refer to the detailed instruction manuals of the respective test kit manufacturers which have to be closely followed for reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, Freiburg im Breisgau, D-79106, Germany
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17
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Seishima N, Kondo S, Wakisaka N, Kobayashi E, Imoto T, Moriyama-Kita M, Nakanishi Y, Endo K, Murono S, Sugimoto H, Hatano M, Ueno T, Yoshizaki T. EBV infection is prevalent in the adenoid and palatine tonsils in adults. J Med Virol 2016; 89:1088-1095. [PMID: 27864888 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases in both adults and children. However, there have been no reports on the prevalence and amount of EBV in the adenoids of adults; thus, it is important to investigate these in the adenoids and tonsils of adults and children. In this study, 67 patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were included and divided into two groups: adults aged ≥ 16 years (n = 35) and children aged <16 years (n = 32). Patients' adenoid and tonsil tissues were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for EBV DNA. EBV was detected in 26 (74%) adenoids and 25 (71%) tonsils among the adult group and was detected 21 (66%) adenoids and 20 (63%) tonsils in the child group. There was no significant difference in EBV DNA prevalence between the adenoids and tonsils for each group. However, there was a significant correlation between EBV DNA load in the adenoids and tonsils of the same individual in both groups (r = 0.579, P < 0.01, adult group; r = 0.919, P < 0.01, child group). In conclusion, EBV infection is prevalent in the adenoids and tonsils in adults and children. These results indicate that EBV continuously reside in the nasopharyngeal region after primal infection and may develop several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Seishima
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naohiro Wakisaka
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imoto
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Moriyama-Kita
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakanishi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Murono
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Hatano
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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18
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Tsidulko AY, Matskova L, Astakhova LA, Ernberg I, Grigorieva EV. Proteoglycan expression correlates with the phenotype of malignant and non-malignant EBV-positive B-cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43529-39. [PMID: 26527314 PMCID: PMC4791248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of proteoglycans (PGs) in EBV-host interactions and lymphomagenesis remains poorly investigated. In this study, expression of major proteoglycans (syndecan-1, glypican-1, perlecan, versican, brevican, aggrecan, NG2, serglycin, decorin, biglycan, lumican, CD44), heparan sulphate (HS) metabolic system (EXT1/2, NDST1/2, GLCE, HS2ST1, HS3ST1/2, HS6ST1/2, SULF1/2, HPSE) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen 1A1, fibronectin, elastin) in primary B cells and EBV carrying cell lines with different phenotypes, patterns of EBV-host cell interaction and viral latency stages (type I-III) was investigated. Primary B cells expressed a wide repertoire of PGs (dominated by serglycin and CD44) and ECM components. Lymphoblastoid EBV+ B cell lines (LCLs) showed specific PG expression with down-regulation of CD44 and ECM components and up-regulation of serglycin and perlecan/HSPG2. For Burkitt's lymphoma cells (BL), serglycin was down-regulated in BL type III cells and perlecan in type I BL cells. The biosynthetic machinery for HS was active in all cell lines, with some tendency to be down-regulated in BL cells. 5'-aza-dC and/or Trichostatin A resulted in transcriptional upregulation of the genes, suggesting that low expression of ECM components, proteoglycan core proteins and HS biosynthetic system is due to epigenetic suppression in type I cells. Taken together, our data show that proteoglycans are expressed in primary B lymphocytes whereas they are not or only partly expressed in EBV-carrying cell lines, depending on their latency type program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Tsidulko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in T Cell and NK Cell Lymphomas: Time for a Reassessment. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 10:456-67. [PMID: 26449716 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was initially discovered and characterized as an oncogenic virus in B cell neoplasms, it also plays a complex and multifaceted role in T/NK cell lymphomas. In B cell lymphomas, EBV-encoded proteins have been shown to directly promote immortalization and proliferation through stimulation of the NF-κB pathway and increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. In the context of mature T/NK lymphomas (MTNKL), with the possible exception on extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), the virus likely plays a more diverse and nuanced role. EBV has been shown to shape the tumor microenvironment by promoting Th2-skewed T cell responses and by increasing the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. The type of cell infected, the amount of plasma EBV DNA, and the degree of viral lytic replication have all been proposed to have prognostic value in T/NK cell lymphomas. Latency patterns of EBV infection have been defined using EBV-infected B cell models and have not been definitively established in T/NK cell lymphomas. Identifying the expression profile of EBV lytic proteins could allow for individualized therapy with the use of antiviral medications. More work needs to be done to determine whether EBV-associated MTNKL have distinct biological and clinical features, which can be leveraged for risk stratification, disease monitoring, and therapeutic purposes.
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20
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Mei S, Zhang K. Computational discovery of Epstein-Barr virus targeted human genes and signalling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30612. [PMID: 27470517 PMCID: PMC4965740 DOI: 10.1038/srep30612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays important roles in the origin and the progression of human carcinomas, e.g. diffuse large B cell tumors, T cell lymphomas, etc. Discovering EBV targeted human genes and signaling pathways is vital to understand EBV tumorigenesis. In this study we propose a noise-tolerant homolog knowledge transfer method to reconstruct functional protein-protein interactions (PPI) networks between Epstein-Barr virus and Homo sapiens. The training set is augmented via homolog instances and the homolog noise is counteracted by support vector machine (SVM). Additionally we propose two methods to define subcellular co-localization (i.e. stringent and relaxed), based on which to further derive physical PPI networks. Computational results show that the proposed method achieves sound performance of cross validation and independent test. In the space of 648,672 EBV-human protein pairs, we obtain 51,485 functional interactions (7.94%), 869 stringent physical PPIs and 46,050 relaxed physical PPIs. Fifty-eight evidences are found from the latest database and recent literature to validate the model. This study reveals that Epstein-Barr virus interferes with normal human cell life, such as cholesterol homeostasis, blood coagulation, EGFR binding, p53 binding, Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, etc. The proteome-wide predictions are provided in the supplementary file for further biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Mei
- Software College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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21
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Epigenetic Alterations in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 879:39-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24738-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Rouka E, Kyriakou D. Identification and functional analysis of the BIM interactome; new clues on its possible involvement in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:14. [PMID: 26702402 PMCID: PMC4688984 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-015-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-related lymphomas and carcinomas. Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between EBV latency in B-cells and epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor gene BIM. This study aimed to the construction and functional analysis of the BIM interactome in order to identify novel host genes that may be targeted by EBV. Fifty-nine unique interactors were found to compose the BIM gene network. Ontological analysis at the pathway level highlighted infectious diseases along with neuropathologies. These results underline the possible interplay between the BIM interactome and EBV-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Larisa, Viopolis, 41110 Larisa, Greece
| | - Despoina Kyriakou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Larisa, Viopolis, 41110 Larisa, Greece
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23
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Navari M, Etebari M, De Falco G, Ambrosio MR, Gibellini D, Leoncini L, Piccaluga PP. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus significantly impacts the transcriptional profile in immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:556. [PMID: 26113842 PMCID: PMC4462103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive neoplasm derived from mature, antigen-experienced B-lymphocytes. Three clinical/epidemiological variants have been recognized, named sporadic, endemic and immunodeficiency-associated BL (ID-BL). Although they are listed within a unique entity in the current WHO Classification, recent evidence indicated genetic and transcriptional differences among the three sub-groups. Further, the presence of latently persisting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with specific features in endemic and sporadic cases. In this study, we explored for the first time whether EBV infection could be related with a specific molecular profile in immunodeficiency-associated cases. We studied 30 BL cases, including nine occurring in HIV-positive patients (5 EBV-positive and 4 EBV-negative) by gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling. We found that ID-BL presented with different profiles based on EBV presence. Specifically, 252 genes were differentially expressed, some of them being involved in intracellular signaling and apoptosis regulation. Furthermore, 28 miRNAs including both EBV-encoded (N = 18) and cellular (N = 10) ones were differentially regulated. Of note, genes previously demonstrated to be targeted by such miRNA were consistently found among differentially expressed genes, indicating the relevant contribution of miRNA to the molecular profile of the examined cases. Grippingly, 17 out of the 252 differentially expressed genes turned out to be potentially targeted by both cellular and EBV-encoded miRNA, suggesting a complex interaction and not excluding a potential synergism. In conclusion, we documented transcriptional differences based on the presence of EBV in ID-BL, and suggested a complex interaction between cellular and viral molecules in the determination of the global molecular profile of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Navari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy ; Department of Basic Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia De Falco
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Maria R Ambrosio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna, Italy
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