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Zvejniece L, Kozireva S, Rudevica Z, Leonciks A, Ehlin-Henriksson B, Kashuba E, Kholodnyuk I. Expression of the Chemokine Receptor CCR1 in Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines Is Linked to the CD10-Negative Cell Phenotype and Co-Expression of the EBV Latent Genes EBNA2, LMP1, and LMP2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073434. [PMID: 35408790 PMCID: PMC8998437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors regulate the migration of immune cells and the dissemination of cancer cells. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 all belong to a single protein homology cluster and respond to the same inflammatory chemokines. We previously reported that CCR1 and CCR2B are induced upon Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells in vitro. EBV is present in almost all cases of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL); however, the contribution of EBV in the pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the relation of the expression of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5, the EBV DNA load and expression of EBV latent genes in nine EBV-carrying and four EBV-negative BL cell lines. We revealed that CCR1 is expressed at high mRNA and protein levels in two CD10-negative BL cell lines with co-expression of the EBV latent genes EBNA2, LMP1, and LMP2. Low levels of CCR2 transcripts were found in three BL cell lines. CCR3 and CCR5 transcripts were hardly detectable. Our data suggest that in vivo, CCR1 may be involved in the dissemination of BL cells and in the selection of BL cells with restricted EBV gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zvejniece
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Street, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (L.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Kozireva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Street, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (L.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Zanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Street k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Ainars Leonciks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Street k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Barbro Ehlin-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.E.-H.); (E.K.)
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.E.-H.); (E.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Transformation, RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Street, UA-03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina Kholodnyuk
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Street, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (L.Z.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Kivrane A, Igumnova V, Liepina EE, Skrastina D, Leonciks A, Rudevica Z, Kistkins S, Reinis A, Zilde A, Kazaks A, Ranka R. Development of rapid antigen test prototype for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8207. [PMID: 35284045 PMCID: PMC8886438 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of easy-to-perform diagnostic methods is highly important for detecting current coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pilot study aimed at developing a lateral flow assay (LFA)-based test prototype to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in saliva samples. METHODS Mice were immunized using the recombinant receptor-binding domain (rRBD) of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein. The combinations of the obtained mouse anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and several commercial antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to select antibody pairs for LFA. The antibody pairs were tested in a LFA format using saliva samples from individuals with early SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 9). The diagnostic performance of the developed LFA was evaluated using saliva samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 111); the median time from the onset of symptoms to sample collection was 10 days (0-24 days, interquartile range (IQR): 7-13). The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was used as a reference method. RESULTS Based on ELISA and preliminary LFA results, a combination of mouse anti-RBD PAbs (capture antibody) and rabbit anti-spike PAbs (detection antibody) was chosen for clinical analysis of sample. When compared with rRT-PCR results, LFA exhibited 26.5% sensitivity, 58.1% specificity, 50.0% positive prediction value (PPV), 33.3% negative prediction value (NPV), and 38.7% diagnostic accuracy. However, there was a reasonable improvement in assay specificity (85.7%) and PPV (91.7%) when samples were stratified based on the sampling time. CONCLUSION The developed LFA assay demonstrated a potential of SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva samples. Further technical assay improvements should be made to enhance diagnostic performance followed by a validation study in a larger cohort of both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients in the early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnija Kivrane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Igumnova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | | | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Ainars Leonciks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Zanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Svjatoslavs Kistkins
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu street 13, Riga, LV1002, Latvia
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu street 13, Riga, LV1002, Latvia
| | - Anna Zilde
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu street 13, Riga, LV1002, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study centre, Ratsupites Street 1, k–1, Riga, LV1067, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
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Kozireva S, Rudevica Z, Baryshev M, Leonciks A, Kashuba E, Kholodnyuk I. Upregulation of the Chemokine Receptor CCR2B in Epstein‒Barr Virus-Positive Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines with the Latency III Program. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050239. [PMID: 29751565 PMCID: PMC5977232 DOI: 10.3390/v10050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is the cognate receptor to the chemokine CCL2. CCR2–CCL2 signaling mediates cancer progression and metastasis dissemination. However, the role of CCR2–CCL2 signaling in pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies is not clear. Previously, we showed that CCR2B was upregulated in ex vivo peripheral blood B cells upon Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) infection and in established lymphoblastoid cell lines with the EBV latency III program. EBV latency III is associated with B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed patients. The majority of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) tumors are characterized by latency I, but the BL cell lines drift towards latency III during in vitro culture. In this study, the CCR2A and CCR2B expression was assessed in the isogenic EBV-positive BL cell lines with latency I and III using RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining analyses. We found that CCR2B is upregulated in the EBV-positive BL cells with latency III. Consequently, we detected the migration of latency III cells toward CCL2. Notably, the G190A mutation, corresponding to SNP CCR2-V64I, was found in one latency III cell line with a reduced migratory response to CCL2. The upregulation of CCR2B may contribute to the enhanced migration of malignant B cells into CCL2-rich compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kozireva
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Zhanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ainars Leonciks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str k-1, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 16 Nobelsväg, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology, NASU, 45 Vasylkivska str, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Irina Kholodnyuk
- August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, 5 Ratsupites Str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
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Kholodnyuk I, Rudevica Z, Leonciks A, Ehlin-Henriksson B, Kashuba E. Expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2B is up-regulated in peripheral blood B cells upon EBV infection and in established lymphoblastoid cell lines. Virology 2017; 512:1-7. [PMID: 28892735 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In immunocompetent individuals, EBV establishes in B cells an asymptomatic lifelong latent infection controlled by the immune system. Chemokine receptors regulate immune system function. CCR1 and CCR2 share protein sequence similarity and exert responses to multiple chemokines. The role of these receptors in B cells is largely unknown. We show that the mRNA and functional protein expression of CCR1 and CCR2 is induced in ex vivo B cells upon EBV infection and in established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). The CCR1 and CCR2B ORF transcripts were determined in LCLs. In contrast, in both the EBV-negative and EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, neither the CCR1, CCR2A, and CCR2B ORF transcripts nor their corresponding proteins were detected. Our data suggest that CCR1/CCR2B could be involved in clearing EBV-infected latency III B cells in immunocompetent individuals via directing the migration of these cells and attracting the chemokines-expressing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kholodnyuk
- A. Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University (RSU), 5 Ratsupites str, 1067 Riga, Latvia; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 16 Nobels väg, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1-1k Ratsupites str, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ainars Leonciks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1-1k Ratsupites str, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Barbro Ehlin-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 16 Nobels väg, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 16 Nobels väg, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; R. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology, and Radiobiology of NASU, 45 Vasylkivska str, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Holodnuka I, Rudevica Z, Cistjakovs M, Avotina D, Leonciks A, Norstedt G, Kholodnyuk I. Whole-Cell SELEX method modification for generation of nucleotide-modified RNA-aptamers to the cell surface: Application in Burkitt lymphoma versus non-malignant lymphoblastoid cells model. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lugiņina J, Bizdēna Ē, Leonciks A, Kumpiņš V, Grīnšteine I, Turks M. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 5-Phthalate and 5-Glutarate Derivatives of Milbemycins A3/A4*. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schnur E, Kessler N, Zherdev Y, Noah E, Scherf T, Ding FX, Rabinovich S, Arshava B, Kurbatska V, Leonciks A, Tsimanis A, Rosen O, Naider F, Anglister J. NMR mapping of RANTES surfaces interacting with CCR5 using linked extracellular domains. FEBS J 2013; 280:2068-84. [PMID: 23480650 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a large family of small proteins that regulate leukocyte trafficking to the site of inflammation by binding to specific cell-surface receptors belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The interactions between N-terminal (Nt-) peptides of these GPCRs and chemokines have been studied extensively using NMR spectroscopy. However, because of the lower affinities of peptides representing the three extracellular loops (ECLs) of chemokine receptors to their respective chemokine ligands, information concerning these interactions is scarce. To overcome the low affinity of ECL peptides to chemokines, we linked two or three CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) extracellular domains using either biosynthesis in Escherichia coli or chemical synthesis. Using such chimeras, CCR5 binding to RANTES was followed using (1)H-(15)N-HSQC spectra to monitor titration of the chemokine with peptides corresponding to the extracellular surface of the receptor. Nt-CCR5 and ECL2 were found to be the major contributors to CCR5 binding to RANTES, creating an almost closed ring around this protein by interacting with opposing faces of the chemokine. A RANTES positively charged surface involved in Nt-CCR5 binding resembles the positively charged surface in HIV-1 gp120 formed by the C4 and the base of the third variable loop of gp120 (V3). The opposing surface on RANTES, composed primarily of β2-β3 hairpin residues, binds ECL2 and was found to be analogous to a surface in the crown of the gp120 V3. The chemical and biosynthetic approaches for linking GPCR surface regions discussed herein should be widely applicable to the investigation of interactions of extracellular segments of chemokine receptors with their respective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Schnur
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Kurbatska V, Rudevica Z, Tsimanis A, Leonciks A. Recombinant soluble CCR5 AND CXCR4 chemokine receptors as anti-HIV drug targets. Retrovirology 2010. [PMCID: PMC3316044 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-s1-p44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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