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Daher H, Punchayil SA, Ismail AAE, Fernandes RR, Jacob J, Algazzar MH, Mansour M. Advancements in Pancreatic Cancer Detection: Integrating Biomarkers, Imaging Technologies, and Machine Learning for Early Diagnosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e56583. [PMID: 38646386 PMCID: PMC11031195 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has come to play a pivotal role in revolutionizing medical practices, particularly in the field of pancreatic cancer detection and management. As a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, pancreatic cancer warrants innovative approaches due to its typically advanced stage at diagnosis and dismal survival rates. Present detection methods, constrained by limitations in accuracy and efficiency, underscore the necessity for novel solutions. AI-driven methodologies present promising avenues for enhancing early detection and prognosis forecasting. Through the analysis of imaging data, biomarker profiles, and clinical information, AI algorithms excel in discerning subtle abnormalities indicative of pancreatic cancer with remarkable precision. Moreover, machine learning (ML) algorithms facilitate the amalgamation of diverse data sources to optimize patient care. However, despite its huge potential, the implementation of AI in pancreatic cancer detection faces various challenges. Issues such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets, biases in algorithm development, and concerns regarding data privacy and security necessitate thorough scrutiny. While AI offers immense promise in transforming pancreatic cancer detection and management, ongoing research and collaborative efforts are indispensable in overcoming technical hurdles and ethical dilemmas. This review delves into the evolution of AI, its application in pancreatic cancer detection, and the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in its integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Daher
- Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN
| | - Sneha A Punchayil
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, GBR
| | | | | | - Joel Jacob
- General Medicine, Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, GBR
| | | | - Mohammad Mansour
- General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN
- General Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, JOR
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2
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Xu J, Roe J, Lee E, Tonelli C, Ji KY, Younis OW, Somervile TD, Yao M, Milazzo JP, Tiriac H, Kolarzyk AM, Lee E, Grem JL, Lazenby AJ, Grunkemeyer JA, Hollingsworth MA, Grandgenett PM, Borowsky AD, Park Y, Vakoc CR, Tuveson DA, Hwang C. Engrailed-1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308537. [PMID: 38110836 PMCID: PMC10853725 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a critical homeodomain transcription factor (TF) required for neuronal survival, and EN1 expression has been shown to promote aggressive forms of triple negative breast cancer. Here, it is reported that EN1 is aberrantly expressed in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients with poor outcomes. EN1 predominantly repressed its target genes through direct binding to gene enhancers and promoters, implicating roles in the activation of MAPK pathways and the acquisition of mesenchymal cell properties. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that EN1 promoted PDA transformation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The findings nominate the targeting of EN1 and downstream pathways in aggressive PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Jae‐Seok Roe
- Department of BiochemistryYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - EunJung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Claudia Tonelli
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Keely Y. Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Omar W. Younis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | | | - Melissa Yao
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | | | - Herve Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Anna M. Kolarzyk
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Jean L. Grem
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Audrey J. Lazenby
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | | | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Chang‐Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
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3
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Xu Y, Nipper MH, Dominguez AA, Ye Z, Akanuma N, Lopez K, Deng JJ, Arenas D, Sanchez A, Sharkey FE, Court CM, Singhi AD, Wang H, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Sun LZ, Zheng S, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang P. Reconstitution of human PDAC using primary cells reveals oncogenic transcriptomic features at tumor onset. Nat Commun 2024; 15:818. [PMID: 38280869 PMCID: PMC10821902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have demonstrated the ability of pancreatic acinar cells to transform into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the tumorigenic potential of human pancreatic acinar cells remains under debate. To address this gap in knowledge, we expand sorted human acinar cells as 3D organoids and genetically modify them through introduction of common PDAC mutations. The acinar organoids undergo dramatic transcriptional alterations but maintain a recognizable DNA methylation signature. The transcriptomes of acinar organoids are similar to those of disease-specific cell populations. Oncogenic KRAS alone do not transform acinar organoids. However, acinar organoids can form PDAC in vivo after acquiring the four most common driver mutations of this disease. Similarly, sorted ductal cells carrying these genetic mutations can also form PDAC, thus experimentally proving that PDACs can originate from both human acinar and ductal cells. RNA-seq analysis reveal the transcriptional shift from normal acinar cells towards PDACs with enhanced proliferation, metabolic rewiring, down-regulation of MHC molecules, and alterations in the coagulation and complement cascade. By comparing PDAC-like cells with normal pancreas and PDAC samples, we identify a group of genes with elevated expression during early transformation which represent potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Michael H Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Angel A Dominguez
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Naoki Akanuma
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Janice J Deng
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Destiny Arenas
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ava Sanchez
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Francis E Sharkey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Colin M Court
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Chen G, Liu Y, Su D, Qiu J, Long J, Zhao F, Tao J, Yang G, Huang H, Xiao J, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Genomic analysis and filtration of novel prognostic biomarkers based on metabolic and immune subtypes in pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1691-1708. [PMID: 37434012 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) can be classified into various molecular subtypes and benefit from some precise therapy. Nevertheless, the interaction between metabolic and immune subtypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unknown. We hope to identify molecular subtypes related to metabolism and immunity in pancreatic cancer METHODS: Unsupervised consensus clustering and ssGSEA analysis were utilized to construct molecular subtypes related to metabolism and immunity. Diverse metabolic and immune subtypes were characterized by distinct prognoses and TME. Afterward, we filtrated the overlapped genes based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the metabolic and immune subtypes by lasso regression and Cox regression, and used them to build risk score signature which led to PC patients was categorized into high- and low-risk groups. Nomogram were built to predict the survival rates of each PC patient. RT-PCR, in vitro cell proliferation assay, PC organoid, immunohistochemistry staining were used to identify key oncogenes related to PC RESULTS: High-risk patients have a better response for various chemotherapeutic drugs in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. We built a nomogram with the risk group, age, and the number of positive lymph nodes to predict the survival rates of each PC patient with average 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year areas under the curve (AUCs) equal to 0.792, 0.752, and 0.751. FAM83A, KLF5, LIPH, MYEOV were up-regulated in the PC cell line and PC tissues. Knockdown of FAM83A, KLF5, LIPH, MYEOV could reduce the proliferation in the PC cell line and PC organoids CONCLUSION: The risk score signature based on the metabolism and immune molecular subtypes can accurately predict the prognosis and guide treatments of PC, meanwhile, the metabolism-immune biomarkers may provide novel target therapy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Chen
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueze Liu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Long
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Huang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wu Y, Seufert I, Al-Shaheri FN, Kurilov R, Bauer AS, Manoochehri M, Moskalev EA, Brors B, Tjaden C, Giese NA, Hackert T, Büchler MW, Hoheisel JD. DNA-methylation signature accurately differentiates pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis in tissue and plasma. Gut 2023; 72:2344-2353. [PMID: 37709492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy. Differentiation from chronic pancreatitis (CP) is currently inaccurate in about one-third of cases. Misdiagnoses in both directions, however, have severe consequences for patients. We set out to identify molecular markers for a clear distinction between PDAC and CP. DESIGN Genome-wide variations of DNA-methylation, messenger RNA and microRNA level as well as combinations thereof were analysed in 345 tissue samples for marker identification. To improve diagnostic performance, we established a random-forest machine-learning approach. Results were validated on another 48 samples and further corroborated in 16 liquid biopsy samples. RESULTS Machine-learning succeeded in defining markers to differentiate between patients with PDAC and CP, while low-dimensional embedding and cluster analysis failed to do so. DNA-methylation yielded the best diagnostic accuracy by far, dwarfing the importance of transcript levels. Identified changes were confirmed with data taken from public repositories and validated in independent sample sets. A signature of six DNA-methylation sites in a CpG-island of the protein kinase C beta type gene achieved a validated diagnostic accuracy of 100% in tissue and in circulating free DNA isolated from patient plasma. CONCLUSION The success of machine-learning to identify an effective marker signature documents the power of this approach. The high diagnostic accuracy of discriminating PDAC from CP could have tremendous consequences for treatment success, once the result from still a limited number of liquid biopsy samples would be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Wu
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Seufert
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fawaz N Al-Shaheri
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Kurilov
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Moskalev
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Tjaden
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang S, Cai Z, Li H. AHNAKs roles in physiology and malignant tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1258951. [PMID: 38033502 PMCID: PMC10682155 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1258951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The AHNAK family currently consists of two members, namely AHNAK and AHNAK2, both of which have a molecular weight exceeding 600 kDa. Homologous sequences account for approximately 90% of their composition, indicating a certain degree of similarity in terms of molecular structure and biological functions. AHNAK family members are involved in the regulation of various biological functions, such as calcium channel modulation and membrane repair. Furthermore, with advancements in biological and bioinformatics technologies, research on the relationship between the AHNAK family and tumors has rapidly increased in recent years, and its regulatory role in tumor progression has gradually been discovered. This article briefly describes the physiological functions of the AHNAK family, and reviews and analyzes the expression and molecular regulatory mechanisms of the AHNAK family in malignant tumors using Pubmed and TCGA databases. In summary, AHNAK participates in various physiological and pathological processes in the human body. In multiple types of cancers, abnormal expression of AHNAK and AHNAK2 is associated with prognosis, and they play a key regulatory role in tumor progression by activating signaling pathways such as ERK, MAPK, Wnt, and MEK, as well as promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusen Zhang
- Hebei Province Xingtai People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, China
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of surgery, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, China
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Qin C, Li T, Wang Y, Zhao B, Li Z, Li T, Yang X, Zhao Y, Wang W. CHRNB2 represses pancreatic cancer migration and invasion via inhibiting β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:340. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal disease with highly fatal and aggressive properties. Lymph node ratio (LNR), the ratio of the number of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of examined lymph nodes, is an important index to assess lymphatic metastasis and predict prognosis, but the molecular mechanism underlying high LNR was unclear.
Methods
Gene expression and clinical information data of pancreatic cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Patients in TCGA were averagely divided into low and high LNR groups. Then, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to build co-expression network to explore LNR-related modules and hub genes. GO and KEGG analysis was performed to find key pathways related to lymph node metastasis. Next, GSE101448 and the overall survival data in TCGA was employed to further select significant genes from hub genes. Considering the key role of CHRNB2 in LNR and survival, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to find pathways related to CHRNB2 expression in pancreatic cancer. The contribution of CHRNB2 to migrative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed by Transwell assays. We finally explored the role of CHRNB2 in EMT and β-catenin pathway via Western Blot.
Results
High LNR was significantly related to high T stages and poor prognosis. In WGCNA, 14 hub genes (COL5A1, FN1, THBS2, etc.) were positively related to high LNR, 104 hub genes (FFAR1, SCG5, TMEM63C, etc.) were negatively related to high LNR. After taking the intersection with GSE101448, 13 genes (CDK5R2, SYT7, CACNA2D2, etc.) which might prevent lymph node metastasis were further selected. Among them, CHRNB2 showed the strongest relationship with long survival. Moreover, CHRNB2 also negatively related to the T stages and LNR. Next, knockdown of CHRNB2 expression could acetylcholine (ACh)-independently increase the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while CHRNB2 overexpression ACh-independently decrease the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. For exploring the underlying mechanism, CHRNB2 downregulated β-catenin pathway might through controlling its upstream regulators such as SOX6, SRY, SOX17, and TCF7L2.
Conclusions
CHRNB2 negatively relates to lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients. CHRNB2 could inhibit β-catenin pathway, EMT, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via ACh-independent mechanism.
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8
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Xu M, Cheng A, Yu L, Wei W, Li J, Cai C. AHNAK2 is a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of adenocarcinomas. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1708-1719. [PMID: 36017889 PMCID: PMC9828698 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the second largest histological type of cervical cancer, second only to cervical squamous cell carcinoma. At present, despite the clinical treatment strategies of cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma being similar, the outcome and prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma are significantly poor. Therefore, it is urgent to find specific biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical adenocarcinoma. In this study, we aim to reveal and verify the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cervical adenocarcinoma. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) reveals the differentially-expressed genes significantly related to the histological characteristics of the two cervical cancer subtypes. We select the genes with the top 20 significance for further investigation. Through microarray and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of a variety of tumor tissues, we find that among these 20 genes, AHNAK2 is highly expressed not only in cervical adenocarcinoma, but also in multiple of adenocarcinoma tissues, including esophagus, breast and colon, while not in normal gland tissues. In vitro, AHNAK2 knockdown significantly inhibits cell proliferation and migration of adenocarcinoma cell lines. In vivo, AHNAK2 knockdown significantly inhibits tumor progression and metastasis of various adenocarcinomas. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses suggest that the inhibitory effect of AHNAK2 knockdown on tumor progression is achieved by regulating DNA replication and upregulating Bim expression. Together, we demonstrate that AHNAK2 is a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Anyi Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Liya Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13917642692; (C.C.) / Tel: +86-18807162791; (J.L.) @126.com
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13917642692; (C.C.) / Tel: +86-18807162791; (J.L.) @126.com
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9
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Ai F, Wang W, Liu S, Zhang D, Yang Z, Liu F. Integrative Proteo-Genomic Analysis for Recurrent Survival Prognosis in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871568. [PMID: 35847888 PMCID: PMC9281446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival prognosis is the hallmark of cancer progression. Here, we aimed to develop a recurrence-related gene signature to predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods The proteomic data from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and genomic data from the cancer genomic maps [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)] dataset were analyzed to identify co-differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) between recurrence samples and non-recurrence samples in COAD using limma package. Functional enrichment analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were applied to identify the independent prognostic feature cDEGs and establish the signature whose performance was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), and calibration curve. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC) and a nomogram were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy. GSE17538 and GSE39582 were used for external validation. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out to validate our findings. Results We identified 86 cDEGs in recurrence samples compared with non-recurrence samples. These genes were primarily enriched in the regulation of carbon metabolic process, fructose and mannose metabolism, and extracellular exosome. Then, an eight-gene-based signature (CA12, HBB, NCF1, KBTBD11, MMAA, DMBT1, AHNAK2, and FBLN2) was developed to separate patients into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group had significantly better prognosis than those in the high-risk group. Four prognostic clinical features, including pathological M, N, T, and RS model status, were screened for building the nomogram survival model. The PCR and Western blot analysis results suggested that CA12 and AHNAK2 were significantly upregulated, while MMAA and DMBT1 were downregulated in the tumor sample compared with adjacent tissues, and in non-recurrent samples compared with non-recurrent samples in COAD. Conclusion These identified recurrence-related gene signatures might provide an effective prognostic predictor and promising therapeutic targets for COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- FeiYan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Decai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fen Liu,
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10
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Mukherjee M, Ghosh S, Goswami S. Investigating the interference of single nucleotide polymorphisms with miRNA mediated gene regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: An in silico approach. Gene 2022; 819:146259. [PMID: 35121024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a strong genetic component and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes have been found to modulate the susceptibility of the individuals to the disease. SNPs in 3'-UTR of the target genes or in miRNA seed region has gained much importance as this may lead to impairment of miRNA-mRNA interaction. Not much information about this phenomenon is available with respect to PDAC and we wanted to predict such SNPs which could affect miRNA function in the disease using bioinformatics tools. METHODS After identifying the deregulated miRNAs and genes in PDAC, we determined how many of those altered genes are among experimentally validated targets of those miRNAs. Subsequently, SNPs which could alter these miRNA-mRNA interactions were detected using multiple webtools following high stringent conditions. Disease relevance of the SNPs were also evaluated. RESULTS We identified a total of 2492 experimentally validated target genes for 303 miRNAs deregulated in PDAC. Our meta-analysis from 363 PDAC patients and 162 control individuals resulted in a set of differentially expressed genes in pancreatic cancer, which was further compared with the miRNA target genes to get targets differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer. We further detected SNPs either in 'seed' region of miRNAs or 'seed-match' sequence of mRNAs either having disruption or creation of miRNA binding site, correlated the expression for each miRNA-SNP-mRNA interaction. Selected SNPs were found to be in LD with important GWAS identified SNPs. CONCLUSION Our study, hereby, explores the probable effects of SNPs on miRNA-target mRNA interactions. Through stringent analytical methods, we have identified 3 common variants and 13other rare variants possibly interfering with miRNA mediated gene regulation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology-Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India(1)
| | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Zardab M, Stasinos K, Grose RP, Kocher HM. The Obscure Potential of AHNAK2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030528. [PMID: 35158796 PMCID: PMC8833689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AHNAK2 is a relatively newly discovered protein. It can interact with many other proteins. This protein is increased in cells of variety of different cancers. AHNAK2 may play a vital role in cancer formation. AHNAK2 may have a role in early detection of cancer. This obscure potential of AHNAK2 is being studied. Abstract AHNAK2 is a protein discovered in 2004, with a strong association with oncogenesis in various epithelial cancers. It has a large 616 kDa tripartite structure and is thought to take part in the formation of large multi-protein complexes. High expression is found in clear cell renal carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, uveal melanoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, with a relation to poor prognosis. Little work has been done in exploring the function and relation AHNAK2 has with cancer, with early studies showing promising potential as a future biomarker and therapeutic target.
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12
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Mukherjee M, Goswami S. Identification of Key Deregulated RNA-Binding Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer by Meta-Analysis and Prediction of Their Role as Modulators of Oncogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713852. [PMID: 34912796 PMCID: PMC8667787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a significant role in multiple cellular processes with their deregulations strongly associated with cancer. However, there are not adequate evidences regarding global alteration and functions of RBPs in pancreatic cancer, interrogated in a systematic manner. In this study, we have prepared an exhaustive list of RBPs from multiple sources, downloaded gene expression microarray data from a total of 241 pancreatic tumors and 124 normal pancreatic tissues, performed a meta-analysis, and obtained differentially expressed RBPs (DE-RBPs) using the Limma package of R Bioconductor. The results were validated in microarray datasets and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing dataset for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DE-RBPs, and we also constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to detect key modules and hub-RBPs. Coding and noncoding targets for top altered and hub RBPs were identified, and altered pathways modulated by these targets were also investigated. Our meta-analysis identified 45 upregulated and 15 downregulated RBPs as differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer, and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated their important contribution in tumor development. As a result of PPI network analysis, 26 hub RBPs were detected and coding and noncoding targets for all these RBPs were categorized. Functional exploration characterized the pathways related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and metastasis to emerge as major pathways interfered by the targets of these RBPs. Our study identified a unique meta-signature of 26 hub-RBPs to primarily modulate pancreatic tumor cell migration and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. IGF2BP3, ISG20, NIP7, PRDX1, RCC2, RUVBL1, SNRPD1, PAIP2B, and SIDT2 were found to play the most prominent role in the regulation of EMT in the process. The findings not only contribute to understand the biology of RBPs in pancreatic cancer but also to evaluate their candidature as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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13
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A network approach reveals driver genes associated with survival of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2021; 24:102451. [PMID: 34007962 PMCID: PMC8111681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) drivers that regulate survival time as predictive signatures that improve TNBC prognostication. Breast cancer (BrCa) transcriptomic tumor biopsies were analyzed, identifying network communities enriched with TNBC-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and correlated strongly to TNBC status. Two anticorrelated modules correlated strongly to TNBC subtype and survival. Querying module-specific hubs and DEGs revealed transcriptional changes associated with high survival. Transcripts were nominated as biomarkers and tested as combinatoric ratios using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess survival prediction. ROC test rounds integrated genes with established interactions to hubs and DEGs of key modules, improving prediction. Finally, we tested whether integration of literature-derived genes for implicated hallmark cancer processes could improve prediction of survival. Complementary coexpression, differential expression, genetic interaction, and survival stratification integrated by ROC optimization uncovered a panel of “linchpin survival genes” predictive of patient survival, representing gene interactions in hallmark cancer processes. WGCNA identifies coexpression modules predicted to drive TNBC patient survival Module hubs and DEGs reveal transcriptional changes associated with high survival Nine genes act synergistically to influence TNBC progression, relapse, and survival These genes' levels represent reversible changes in TNBC hallmark cancer processes
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14
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Ye H, Li T, Wang H, Wu J, Yi C, Shi J, Wang P, Song C, Dai L, Jiang G, Huang Y, Yu Y, Li J. TSPAN1, TMPRSS4, SDR16C5, and CTSE as Novel Panel for Pancreatic Cancer: A Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments Validation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649551. [PMID: 33815409 PMCID: PMC8015801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis. This study aims to identify pancreatic cancer-related genes and develop a robust diagnostic model to detect this disease. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine potential hub genes for pancreatic cancer. Their mRNA and protein expression levels were validated through reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC). Diagnostic models were developed by eight machine learning algorithms and ten-fold cross-validation. Four hub genes (TSPAN1, TMPRSS4, SDR16C5, and CTSE) were identified based on bioinformatics. RT-PCR showed that the four hub genes were expressed at medium to high levels, IHC revealed that their protein expression levels were higher in pancreatic cancer tissues. For the panel of these four genes, eight models performed with 0.87-0.92 area under the curve value (AUC), 0.91-0.94 sensitivity, and 0.84-0.86 specificity in the validation cohort. In the external validation set, these models also showed good performance (0.86-0.98 AUC, 0.84-1.00 sensitivity, and 0.86-1.00 specificity). In conclusion, this study has identified four hub genes that might be closely related to pancreatic cancer: TSPAN1, TMPRSS4, SDR16C5, and CTSE. Four-gene panels might provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuncheng Yi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Deparment of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Qian X, Jiang C, Shen S, Zou X. GPRC5A: An emerging prognostic biomarker for predicting malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. J Cancer 2021; 12:2010-2022. [PMID: 33753999 PMCID: PMC7974517 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is a highly lethal malignancy. The treatment options for PaCa lack efficacy. The study aimed to explore the molecular biomarkers for predicting survival of PaCa and identify the potential carcinogenic mechanisms of the selected gene. Methods: Based on public databases of PaCa, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Networkanalyst. Survival analyses were exerted on GEPIA. Oncomine and The Human Protein Atlas were used for verifying the expression on mRNA and protein levels. Enrichment analyses were generated on Metascape and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Univariate analyses were performed to determine the clinical factors associated with the expression of GPRC5A. Results: GPRC5A was identified as the most valuable gene in predicting survival of PaCa patients. Patients with high expression of GPRC5A showed larger tumor size, higher TNM stages, higher tumor grade, and more positive resection margin. In mutant KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4 group, the expression of GPRC5A was higher than non-mutant group. Mechanistically, GPRC5A may promote metastasis of PaCa mainly via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Conclusion: GPRC5A may act as an oncogene in the progression of PaCa and could be a prognostic biomarker in predicting survival of PaCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Qian
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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16
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Debernardi S, O’Brien H, Algahmdi AS, Malats N, Stewart GD, Plješa-Ercegovac M, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Saad A, Roberts R, Ney A, Pereira SP, Kocher HM, Duffy S, Blyuss O, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. A combination of urinary biomarker panel and PancRISK score for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer: A case-control study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003489. [PMID: 33301466 PMCID: PMC7758047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with around 9% of patients surviving >5 years. Asymptomatic in its initial stages, PDAC is mostly diagnosed late, when already a locally advanced or metastatic disease, as there are no useful biomarkers for detection in its early stages, when surgery can be curative. We have previously described a promising biomarker panel (LYVE1, REG1A, and TFF1) for earlier detection of PDAC in urine. Here, we aimed to establish the accuracy of an improved panel, including REG1B instead of REG1A, and an algorithm for data interpretation, the PancRISK score, in additional retrospectively collected urine specimens. We also assessed the complementarity of this panel with CA19-9 and explored the daily variation and stability of the biomarkers and their performance in common urinary tract cancers. METHODS AND FINDINGS Clinical specimens were obtained from multiple centres: Barts Pancreas Tissue Bank, University College London, University of Liverpool, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Cambridge University Hospital, and University of Belgrade. The biomarker panel was assayed on 590 urine specimens: 183 control samples, 208 benign hepatobiliary disease samples (of which 119 were chronic pancreatitis), and 199 PDAC samples (102 stage I-II and 97 stage III-IV); 50.7% were from female individuals. PDAC samples were collected from patients before treatment. The samples were assayed using commercially available ELISAs. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests adjusted for multiple comparisons, and multiple logistic regression. Training and validation datasets for controls and PDAC samples were obtained after random division of the whole available dataset in a 1:1 ratio. The substitution of REG1A with REG1B enhanced the performance of the panel to detect resectable PDAC. In a comparison of controls and PDAC stage I-II samples, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) increased from 0.900 (95% CI 0.843-0.957) and 0.926 (95% CI 0.843-1.000) in the training (50% of the dataset) and validation sets, respectively, to 0.936 in both the training (95% CI 0.903-0.969) and the validation (95% CI 0.888-0.984) datasets for the new panel including REG1B. This improved panel showed both sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) to be >85%. Plasma CA19-9 enhanced the performance of this panel in discriminating PDAC I-II patients from controls, with AUC = 0.992 (95% CI 0.983-1.000), SN = 0.963 (95% CI 0.913-1.000), and SP = 0.967 (95% CI 0.924-1.000). We demonstrate that the biomarkers do not show significant daily variation, and that they are stable for up to 5 days at room temperature. The main limitation of our study is the low number of stage I-IIA PDAC samples (n = 27) and lack of samples from individuals with hereditary predisposition to PDAC, for which specimens collected from control individuals were used as a proxy. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully validated our urinary biomarker panel, which was improved by substituting REG1A with REG1B. At a pre-selected cutoff of >80% SN and SP for the affiliated PancRISK score, we demonstrate a clinically applicable risk stratification tool with a binary output for risk of developing PDAC ('elevated' or 'normal'). PancRISK provides a step towards precision surveillance for PDAC patients, which we will test in a prospective clinical study, UroPanc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Debernardi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harrison O’Brien
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma S. Algahmdi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Malats
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid Spain
| | - Grant D. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marija Plješa-Ercegovac
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eithne Costello
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Greenhalf
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Saad
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Roberts
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Ney
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemant M. Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Zhou YJ, Lu XF, Meng JL, Wang XY, Ruan XJ, Yang CJ, Wang QW, Chen HM, Gao YJ, Yan FR, Li XB. Qualitative Transcriptional Signature for the Pathological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:569842. [PMID: 33173782 PMCID: PMC7538791 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.569842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently difficult for pathologists to diagnose pancreatic cancer (PC) using biopsy specimens because samples may have been from an incorrect site or contain an insufficient amount of tissue. Thus, there is a need to develop a platform-independent molecular classifier that accurately distinguishes benign pancreatic lesions from PC. Here, we developed a robust qualitative messenger RNA signature based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of genes to discriminate both PC tissues and cancer-adjacent normal tissues from non-PC pancreatitis and healthy pancreatic tissues. A signature comprising 12 gene pairs and 17 genes was built in the training datasets and validated in microarray and RNA-sequencing datasets from biopsy samples and surgically resected samples. Analysis of 1,007 PC tissues and 257 non-tumor samples from nine databases indicated that the geometric mean of sensitivity and specificity was 96.7%, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978 (95% confidence interval, 0.947–0.994). For 20 specimens obtained from endoscopic biopsy, the signature had a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. The REO-based signature described here can aid in the molecular diagnosis of PC and may facilitate objective differentiation between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jia Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Jie Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Wen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Jie Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Rong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu Y, Jin ZR, Huang X, Che YC, Liu Q. Identification of Spindle and Kinetochore-Associated Family Genes as Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreas Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:553536. [PMID: 33224872 PMCID: PMC7667267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The role of spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) genes in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been widely studied. However, so far, the oncogenic involvement of SKA family genes in pancreatic cancer and their prognostic potential remain unknown. Methods Here, we carried out a meta-analysis of the differential expression of SKA genes in normal and tumor tissue. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were done to evaluate the correlation between SKA family gene expression and pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis. Joint-effect and stratified survival analysis as well as nomogram analysis were used to estimate the prognostic value of genes. The underlying regulatory and biological mechanisms were identified by Gene set enrichment analysis. Interaction between SKA prognosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource tool. Results We find that SKA1-3 are highly expressed in PDAC tissues relative to non-cancer tissues. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of SKA1 and SKA3 independently indicate poor prognosis but they are not associated with relapse-free survival. The prognostic value of SKA1 and SKA3 was further confirmed by the nomogram, joint-effect, and stratified survival analysis. Analysis of underlying mechanisms reveals that these genes influence cancer-related signaling pathways, kinases, miRNA, and E2F family genes. Notably, prognosis-related genes are inversely correlated with several immune cells infiltrating levels. Conclusion We find that SKA1 and SKA3 expression correlates with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in PDAC, highlighting their potential as pancreatic cancer prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Zong-Rui Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Che
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Second People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China
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Zhang ZM, Wang JS, Zulfiqar H, Lv H, Dao FY, Lin H. Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Combining Relative Expression Orderings With Machine-Learning Method. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582864. [PMID: 33178697 PMCID: PMC7593596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer deeply affecting human health. Diagnosing early-stage PDAC is the key point to PDAC patients' survival. However, the biomarkers for diagnosing early PDAC are inexact in most cases. Therefore, it is highly desirable to identify an effective PDAC diagnostic biomarker. In the current work, we designed a novel computational approach based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs). A feature selection technique called minimum redundancy maximum relevance was used to pick out optimal REOs. We then compared the performances of different classification algorithms for discriminating PDAC and its adjacent normal tissues from non-PDAC tissues. The support vector machine algorithm is the best one for identifying early PDAC diagnostic biomarker. At first, a signature composed of nine gene pairs was acquired from microarray gene expression data sets. These gene pairs could produce satisfactory classification accuracy up to 97.53% in fivefold cross-validation. Subsequently, two types of data from diverse platforms, namely, microarray and RNA-Seq, were used to validate this signature. For microarray data, all (100.00%) of 115 PDAC tissues and all (100.00%) of 31 PDAC adjacent normal tissues were correctly recognized as PDAC. In addition, 88.24% of 17 non-PDAC (normal or pancreatitis) tissues were correctly classified. For the RNA-Seq data, all (100.00%) of 177 PDAC tissues and all (100.00%) of 4 PDAC adjacent normal tissues were correctly recognized as PDAC. Validation results demonstrated that the signature had a good cross-platform effect for early detection of PDAC. This work developed a new robust signature that might be a promising biomarker for early PDAC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hasan Zulfiqar
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Ying Dao
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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20
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Xie Z, Lun Y, Li X, He Y, Wu S, Wang S, Sun J, He Y, Zhang J. Bioinformatics analysis of the clinical value and potential mechanisms of AHNAK2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18163-18180. [PMID: 32966238 PMCID: PMC7585101 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AHNAK2 has been recently reported as a biomarker in many cancers. However, a systematic investigation of AHNAK2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been conducted. RESULTS AHNAK2 is overexpressed in PTC tissues and could be an independent prognostic factor. AHNAK2 expression was significantly high in patients with advanced stage, advanced T classification, lymph node metastasis, increased BRAF mutations and decreased RAS mutations. Cell adhesion-, cell junction-, and immune-related pathways were the most frequently noted in gene set enrichment analysis. AHNAK2 expression in PTC was positively correlated with immune infiltration and negatively correlated with AHNAK2 methylation. AHNAK2 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor progression and poor overall survival (OS) in pan-cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS AHNAK2 is a good biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC. AHNAK2 may promote thyroid cancer progression through cell adhesion-, cell junction-, and immune-related pathways. Methylation may act as an upstream regulator to inhibit the expression and biological function of AHNAK2. Additionally, AHNAK2 has broad prognostic value in pan-cancer. METHODS Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we screened AHNAK2-related genes through weighted gene coexpression network analysis and explored the clinical value and the potential mechanism of AHNAK2 in PTC by multiomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xie
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzhen He
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyue Wang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjian Sun
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cellular Interactome Dynamics during Paclitaxel Treatment. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2371-2383.e5. [PMID: 31747606 PMCID: PMC6910234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle inhibitors, including paclitaxel, are among the most widely used and effective cancer therapies. However, several challenges limit the success of paclitaxel, including drug resistance and toxic side effects. Paclitaxel is thought to act primarily by stabilizing microtubules, locking cells in a mitotic state. However, the resulting cytotoxicity and tumor shrinkage rates observed cannot be fully explained by this mechanism alone. Here we apply quantitative chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry analysis to paclitaxel-treated cells. Our results provide large-scale measurements of relative protein levels and, perhaps more importantly, changes to protein conformations and interactions that occur upon paclitaxel treatment. Drug concentration-dependent changes are revealed in known drug targets including tubulins, as well as many other proteins and protein complexes involved in apoptotic signaling and cellular homeostasis. As such, this study provides insight into systems-level changes to protein structures and interactions that occur with paclitaxel treatment. Chavez et al. reveal interactome changes in cells treated with mitotic inhibitors using quantitative cross-linking and mass spectrometry. Cross-links reflect interaction/conformational changes specific for drug type and concentration, which are not evident by protein expression levels. Microtubule stabilization, cytoskeletal alteration, and changes to mitochondrial function are visualized in cross-link levels.
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Bioinformatics Data Mining Repurposes the JAK2 (Janus Kinase 2) Inhibitor Fedratinib for Treating Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Reversing the KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog)-Driven Gene Signature. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030130. [PMID: 32947833 PMCID: PMC7563462 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the most aggressive and lethal cancer types due to the late diagnosis, high metastatic potential, and drug resistance. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) is the major driver mutation gene for PDAC tumorigenesis. In this study, we mined cancer genomics data and identified a common KRAS-driven gene signature in PDAC, which is related to cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Higher expression of this gene signature was associated with poorer overall survival of PDAC patients. Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis and drug sensitivity profiling predicted that a clinically approved JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)-selective inhibitor, fedratinib (also known as TG-101348), could reverse the KRAS-driven gene signature and exhibit KRAS-dependent anticancer activity in PDAC cells. As an approved treatment for myelofibrosis, the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of fedratinib have been well characterized. It may be repurposed for treating KRAS-driven PDAC in the future.
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Establishment and Investigation of a Multiple Gene Expression Signature to Predict Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1570862. [PMID: 33015155 PMCID: PMC7516738 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1570862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a lethal type of cancer with poor prognosis. Molecular classification enables in-depth, precise prognostic assessment. This study is aimed at identifying a robust and simple mRNA signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 45 paired pancreatic tumor samples and adjacent healthy tissues were selected. For risk determination, a LASSO Cox regression model with DEGs was used to generate the OS-associated risk score formula for the training cohort containing 177 PC patients. Another five independent datasets were used as the testing cohort to determine the predictive efficiency for further validation. In total, 441 DEGs were selected after considering the enrichment of classical pathways, such as EMT, cell cycle, cell adhesion, and PI3K-AKT. A five-gene signature for risk discrimination was established with high efficacy using LASSO Cox regression in the training group. External validation showed that patients identified by the gene expression signature to be in the high-risk group had poorer prognosis compared with the low-risk patients. Further investigation identified the differential epigenetic modification patterns of the five genes, which indicated their roles in tumor progression and their effect on therapy. In conclusion, we constructed a robust five-gene expression signature that could predict the OS of PC patients, offering a new insight for risk discrimination in daily clinical practice.
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24
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AHNAK2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Cell Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8571932. [PMID: 32904605 PMCID: PMC7456490 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8571932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the main subtype of lung cancer, is one of the common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The AHNAK family is correlated with cell structure and migration, cardiac calcium channel signaling, and tumor metastasis. Previous studies showed AHNAK2 could promote tumor progression and cell migration in melanoma and renal clear cell carcinoma. However, the role of AHNAK2 in LUAD remains unknown. Methods We examined the levels of AHNAK2 in pathological specimens and the database of Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium-Lung adenocarcinoma (CPTAC-LUAD), The Cancer Genome Atlas-Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD), Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE72094, GSE26939), and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) of lung tissue samples. Univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to reveal the relationship between AHNAK2 and prognosis. A nomogram was constructed to predict 2- or 3-year overall survival and validated via calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to explore the functional role of AHNAK2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, by transfecting siRNA, we examined the regulatory effect of AHNAK2 on cell migration. Results The expression of AHNAK2 was upregulated in tumor samples and correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Nomogram with AHNAK2 and clinical parameters showed a good prediction in overall survival (OS), especially the 2-year OS. In addition, functional analyses and wound healing assay suggested that AHNAK2 might be involved in the regulation of migration in LUAD. Conclusion In summary, our study showed that AHNAK2 might be a novel biomarker in LUAD and revealed the potential mechanism of AHNAK2 in LUAD progression which could provide new insights for target therapy.
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25
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Yang C, Liu Z, Zeng X, Wu Q, Liao X, Wang X, Han C, Yu T, Zhu G, Qin W, Peng T. Evaluation of the diagnostic ability of laminin gene family for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3679-3703. [PMID: 31182680 PMCID: PMC6594799 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A poor outcome for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is still a challenge worldwide. The aim of our study is to investigate the potential of key laminin subunits for being used both as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDAC patients. We evaluated the mRNA expression and prognostic value of laminin gene family in PDAC tissues using online public databases. Moreover, the relationship between key laminin subunits in PDAC blood cells and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the distinguishing ability of joint serum levels with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was analyzed. Two key differentially expressed subunits (LAMA3 and LAMC2) that are associated with prognosis of PDAC patients were found to show a potential for distinguishing between PDAC and non-tumor tissues. LAMA3 and LAMC2 expression were found to be positively related with CTC quantity in PDAC blood (R=0.628, p=0.029; R=0.776, p=0.003, respectively) using IgG chips. Furthermore, serum LAMC2 levels offered significant improvement over using CA19-9 alone for the discrimination of PDAC. Joint serum LAMC2 and CA19-9 levels increased the net benefit proportion in early stage/operational PDAC patients. Using integrated profiling, we identified LAMA3 and LAMC2 as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for PDAC, for which further validation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qiongyuan Wu
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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26
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Differential methylation landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous lesions. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:205-217. [PMID: 32312637 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases with an incidence almost equal to the mortality. In addition to having genetic causes, cancer can also be considered an epigenetic disease. DNA methylation is the premier epigenetic modification and patterns of aberrant DNA methylation are recognized to be a common hallmark of human tumor. In the multistage carcinogenesis of pancreas starting from precancerous lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the epigenetic changes play a significant role. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies for this review were derived via an extensive literature search in PubMed via using various keywords such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, precancerous lesions, methylation profile, epigenetic biomarkers that are relevant directly or closely associated with the concerned area of our interest. The literature search was intensively done considering a time frame of 20 years (1998-2018). RESULT In this review we have highlighted the hypermethylation and hypomethylation of the precancerous PDAC lesions (pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm and chronic pancreatitis) and PDAC along with the potential biomarkers. We have also achieved the early epigenetic driver that leads to progression from precancerous lesions to PDAC. A bunch of epigenetic driver genes leads to progression of precancerous lesions to PDAC (ppENK, APC, p14/5/16/17, hMLH1 and MGMT) are also documented. We summarized the importance of these observations in therapeutics and diagnosis of PDAC hence identifying the potential use of epigenetic biomarkers in epigenetic targeted therapy. Epigenetic inactivation occurs by hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes. We listed all hyper- and hypomethylation of CpG islands of several genes in PDAC including its precancerous lesions. CONCLUSIONS The concept of the review would help to understand their biological effects, and to determine whether they may be successfully combined with other epigenetic drugs. However, we need to continue our research to develop more specific DNA-demethylating agents, which are the targets for hypermethylated CpG methylation sites.
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Wang J, Xiang J, Li X. Construction of a Competitive Endogenous RNA Network for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and a Prognosis Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:515. [PMID: 32548103 PMCID: PMC7270201 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a pancreatic disease with considerable mortality worldwide. Because of a lack of obvious symptoms at the early stage, most PAAD patients are diagnosed at the terminal stage and prognosis is usually poor. In this study, we firstly obtained RNA sequencing data of 181 patients with PAAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify early diagnostic biomarkers for PAAD. Survival-related mRNAs were identified using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and then a linear prognostic model of seven long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was established using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, which is verified using a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, according to the survival analysis, we constructed a survival-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Our results showed that: (1) The upregulated genes related to cell cycle-related pathway (including homologous recombination, DNA replication and mismatch repair) in PAAD can increase the proliferation ability of cancer cells; (2) The 7-lncRNA signature can predict the overall survival (OS) of PAAD patients; and (3) The key mRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in mutual regulation in the ceRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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28
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Meng Z, Yuan Q, Zhao J, Wang B, Li S, Offringa R, Jin X, Wu H. The m 6A-Related mRNA Signature Predicts the Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer Patients. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:460-470. [PMID: 32490170 PMCID: PMC7256444 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has an important epitranscriptomic modification that controls cancer self-renewal and cell fate. The addition of m6A to mRNA is a reversible modification. The deposition of m6A is encoded by a methyltransferase complex involving three homologous factors, jargonized as "writers," "erasers," and "readers." However, their roles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) are underexploited. With the use of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, we provided an mRNA signature that may improve the prognostic prediction of PAAD patients based on the genetic status of m6A regulators. PAAD patients with genetic alteration of m6A regulators had worse disease-free and overall survival. After comparing PAAD groups with/without genetic alteration of m6A regulators, we identified 196 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we generated a 16-mRNA signature score system through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that a high-risk score significantly correlates with poor prognosis. Moreover, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed it was effective in predicting the overall survival in both training and validation sets. PAH, ZPLD1, PPFIA3, and TNNT1 from our signature also exhibited an independent prognostic value. Collectively, these findings can improve the understanding of m6A modifications in PAAD and potentially guide therapies in PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qingchen Yuan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shoukang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Petersen LH, Lange S. Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function, and Gene Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32411128 PMCID: PMC7198796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alligators are crocodilians and among few species that endured the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. With long life spans, low metabolic rates, unusual immunological characteristics, including strong antibacterial and antiviral ability, and cancer resistance, crocodilians may hold information for molecular pathways underlying such physiological traits. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of calcium-activated enzymes that cause posttranslational protein deimination/citrullination in a range of target proteins contributing to protein moonlighting functions in health and disease. PADs are phylogenetically conserved and are also a key regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical part of cellular communication. As little is known about PAD-mediated mechanisms in reptile immunology, this study was aimed at profiling EVs and protein deimination in Alligator mississippiensis. Alligator plasma EVs were found to be polydispersed in a 50-400-nm size range. Key immune, metabolic, and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be posttranslationally deiminated in plasma and plasma EVs, with some overlapping hits, while some were unique to either plasma or plasma EVs. In whole plasma, 112 target proteins were identified to be deiminated, while 77 proteins were found as deiminated protein hits in plasma EVs, whereof 31 were specific for EVs only, including proteins specific for gene regulatory functions (e.g., histones). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed KEGG pathways specific to deiminated proteins in whole plasma related to adipocytokine signaling, while KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins specific to EVs included ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as core histones. This highlights roles for EV-mediated export of deiminated protein cargo with roles in metabolism and gene regulation, also related to cancer. The identification of posttranslational deimination and EV-mediated communication in alligator plasma revealed here contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in these ancient reptiles, providing novel insight into their unusual immune systems and physiological traits. In addition, our findings may shed light on pathways underlying cancer resistance, antibacterial and antiviral resistance, with translatable value to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galvestone, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Yang ZQ, Liu YJ, Zhou XL. An Integrated Microarray Analysis Reveals Significant Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921769. [PMID: 32235821 PMCID: PMC7148424 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PAC) is a lethal cancer and it is essential to develop accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PAC. Material/Methods An integrated microarray analysis of PAC was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PAC and non-tumor controls. Expression of DEGs were further confirmed by The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and protein–protein integration network construction were performed to further research the biological functions of DEGs. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis and survival analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of DEGs for PAC. Results Seventeen microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus to conduct the integrated microarray analysis. A total of 1136 DEGs (596 upregulated and 540 downregulated DEGs) in PAC tissues compared with non-tumor controls were identified. Pancreatic secretion (Kegg: 04972), insulin signaling pathway (Kegg: 04910), and several cancer-related pathways including pathways in cancer (Kegg: 05200), MAPK signaling pathway (Kegg: 04010), and pancreatic cancer (Kegg: 05212) were enriched for DEGs in PAC. Seven DEGs (AHNAK2, CDH3, IFI27, ITGA2, LAMB3, SLC6A14, and TMPRSS4) were found to have both great diagnostic and prognostic value for PAC. High expression of these 7 DEGs were significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with PAC. Conclusions These 7 DEGs might be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PAC and help uncovering the mechanism of PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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31
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Zeng S, Zhou R, Bao S, Li X, Deng Z, Hou D, Weng S, He J, Huang Z. Identification of Multigene Biomarker for Shrimp White Feces Syndrome by Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Genet 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 32133029 PMCID: PMC7040362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the largest shrimp industry production in the world, is currently threatened by a severe disease, white feces syndrome (WFS), which cause devastating losses globally, while its causal agents remain largely unknown. Herein, compared to the Control shrimp by metagenomic analysis, we firstly investigated that the altered functions of intestinal microbial community in WFS shrimp were the enrichment of bacterial chemotaxis and flagellar assembly pathways, hinting at a potential role of pathogenic bacteria for growth and development, which might be related to WFS occurrence. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was to further identify the gene structure and gene regulation for more clues in WFS aetiology. Totally 50,049 high quality transcripts were obtained, capturing 39,995 previously mapped and 10,054 newly detected transcripts, which were annotated to 30,554 genes. A total of 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were characterized in WFS shrimp. These DEGs were strongly associated with various immune related genes that regulated the expression of multiple antimicrobial peptides (e.g., antilipopolysaccharide factors, penaeidins, and crustin), which were further experimentally validated using quantitative PCR on transcript level. Collectively, multigene biomarkers were identified to be closely associated with WFS, especially those functional alterations in microbial community and the upregulated immune related gene with antibacterial activities. Our finding not only inspired our cogitation on WFS aetiology from both microbial and host immune response perspectives with combined metagenomic and full-length transcriptome sequencing, but also provided valuable information for enhancing shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Almeida PP, Cardoso CP, de Freitas LM. PDAC-ANN: an artificial neural network to predict pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on gene expression. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32005189 PMCID: PMC6995241 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents high mortality and metastatic potential, there is a lack of effective therapies and a low survival rate for this disease. This PDAC scenario urges new strategies for diagnosis, drug targets, and treatment. METHODS We performed a gene expression microarray meta-analysis of the tumor against normal tissues in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) shared among all datasets, named core-genes (CG). We confirmed the CG protein expression in pancreatic tissue through The Human Protein Atlas. It was selected five genes with the highest area under the curve (AUC) among these proteins with expression confirmed in the tumor group to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify samples. RESULTS This microarray included 461 tumor and 187 normal samples. We identified a CG composed of 40 genes, 39 upregulated, and one downregulated. The upregulated CG included proteins and extracellular matrix receptors linked to actin cytoskeleton reorganization. With the Human Protein Atlas, we verified that fourteen genes of the CG are translated, with high or medium expression in most of the pancreatic tumor samples. To train our ANN, we selected the best genes (AHNAK2, KRT19, LAMB3, LAMC2, and S100P) to classify the samples based on AUC using mRNA expression. The network classified tumor samples with an f1-score of 0.83 for the normal samples and 0.88 for the PDAC samples, with an average of 0.86. The PDAC-ANN could classify the test samples with a sensitivity of 87.6 and specificity of 83.1. CONCLUSION The gene expression meta-analysis and confirmation of the protein expression allow us to select five genes highly expressed PDAC samples. We could build a python script to classify the samples based on RNA expression. This software can be useful in the PDAC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palloma Porto Almeida
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Cristina Padre Cardoso
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
- Faculdade Santo Agostinho, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Leandro Martins de Freitas
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
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Le Large TY, Meijer LL, Paleckyte R, Boyd LN, Kok B, Wurdinger T, Schelfhorst T, Piersma SR, Pham TV, van Grieken NC, Zonderhuis BM, Daams F, van Laarhoven HW, Bijlsma MF, Jimenez CR, Giovannetti E, Kazemier G. Combined Expression of Plasma Thrombospondin-2 and CA19-9 for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: A Proteome Approach. Oncologist 2020; 25:e634-e643. [PMID: 31943574 PMCID: PMC7160420 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) are warranted to facilitate accurate diagnosis. This study identified diagnostic plasma proteins based on proteomics of tumor secretome. Materials and Methods Secretome of tumor and normal tissue was collected after resection of PDAC and dCCA. Differentially expressed proteins were measured by mass spectrometry. Selected candidate biomarkers and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) were validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in plasma from patients with PDAC (n = 82), dCCA (n = 29), benign disease (BD; n = 30), and healthy donors (HDs; n = 50). Areas under the curve (AUCs) of receiver operator characteristic curves were calculated to determine the discriminative power. Results In tumor secretome, 696 discriminatory proteins were identified, including 21 candidate biomarkers. Thrombospondin‐2 (THBS2) emerged as promising biomarker. Abundance of THBS2 in plasma from patients with cancer was significantly higher compared to HDs (p < .001, AUC = 0.844). Combined expression of THBS2 and CA19‐9 yielded the optimal discriminatory capacity (AUC = 0.952), similarly for early‐ and late‐stage disease (AUC = 0.971 and AUC = 0.911). Remarkably, this combination demonstrated a power similar to CA19‐9 to discriminate cancer from BD (AUC = 0.764), and THBS2 provided an additive value in patients with high expression levels of bilirubin. Conclusion Our proteome approach identified a promising set of candidate biomarkers. The combined plasma expression of THBS2/CA19‐9 is able to accurately distinguish patients with PDAC or dCCA from HD and BD. Implications for Practice The combined plasma expression of thrombospondin‐2 and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 is able to accurately diagnose patients with pancreatic cancer and distal cholangiocarcinoma. This will facilitate minimally invasive diagnosis for these patients by distinguishing them from healthy individuals and benign diseases. This article identifies diagnostic plasma proteins to distinguish patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma from benign disease and health donors and evaluates these new markers for additive value with CA19‐9 at different disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Y.S. Le Large
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rosita Paleckyte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lenka N.C. Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Kok
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tim Schelfhorst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicole C.T. van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara M. Zonderhuis
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Freek Daams
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Start‐Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Kaur H, Dhall A, Kumar R, Raghava GPS. Identification of Platform-Independent Diagnostic Biomarker Panel for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Large-Scale Transcriptomics Data. Front Genet 2020; 10:1306. [PMID: 31998366 PMCID: PMC6967266 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily due to its late diagnosis. In the past, numerous attempts have been made to design genetic biomarkers for the identification of HCC; unfortunately, most of the studies are based on small datasets obtained from a specific platform or lack reasonable validation performance on the external datasets. In order to identify a universal expression-based diagnostic biomarker panel for HCC that can be applicable across multiple platforms, we have employed large-scale transcriptomic profiling datasets containing a total of 2,316 HCC and 1,665 non-tumorous tissue samples. These samples were obtained from 30 studies generated by mainly four types of profiling techniques (Affymetrix, Illumina, Agilent, and High-throughput sequencing), which are implemented in a wide range of platforms. Firstly, we scrutinized overlapping 26 genes that are differentially expressed in numerous datasets. Subsequently, we identified a panel of three genes (FCN3, CLEC1B, and PRC1) as HCC biomarker using different feature selection techniques. Three-genes-based HCC biomarker identified HCC samples in training/validation datasets with an accuracy between 93 and 98%, Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) in a range of 0.97 to 1.0. A reasonable performance, i.e., AUROC 0.91–0.96 achieved on validation dataset containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells, concurred their non-invasive utility. Furthermore, the prognostic potential of these genes was evaluated on TCGA-LIHC and GSE14520 cohorts using univariate survival analysis. This analysis revealed that these genes are prognostic indicators for various types of the survivals of HCC patients (e.g., Overall Survival, Progression-Free Survival, Disease-Free Survival). These genes significantly stratified high-risk and low-risk HCC patients (p-value <0.05). In conclusion, we identified a universal platform-independent three-genes-based biomarker that can predict HCC patients with high precision and also possess significant prognostic potential. Eventually, we developed a web server HCCpred based on the above study to facilitate scientific community (http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/hccpred/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Dhall
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
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Zhou YY, Chen LP, Zhang Y, Hu SK, Dong ZJ, Wu M, Chen QX, Zhuang ZZ, Du XJ. Integrated transcriptomic analysis reveals hub genes involved in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Mol Med 2019; 25:47. [PMID: 31706267 PMCID: PMC6842480 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hunt for the molecular markers with specificity and sensitivity has been a hot area for the tumor treatment. Due to the poor diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC), the excision rate is often low, which makes it more urgent to find the ideal tumor markers. METHODS Robust Rank Aggreg (RRA) methods was firstly applied to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PC tissues and normal tissues from GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE16515, and GSE101448. Among these DEGs, the highly correlated genes were clustered using WGCNA analysis. The co-expression networks and molecular complex detection (MCODE) Cytoscape app were then performed to find the sub-clusters and confirm 35 candidate genes. For these genes, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model was applied and validated to build a diagnostic risk score model. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used and validated to build a prognostic model. RESULTS Based on integrated transcriptomic analysis, we identified a 19 gene module (SYCN, PNLIPRP1, CAP2, GNMT, MAT1A, ABAT, GPT2, ADHFE1, PHGDH, PSAT1, ERP27, PDIA2, MT1H, COMP, COL5A2, FN1, COL1A2, FAP and POSTN) as a specific predictive signature for the diagnosis of PC. Based on the two consideration, accuracy and feasibility, we simplified the diagnostic risk model as a four-gene model: 0.3034*log2(MAT1A)-0.1526*log2(MT1H) + 0.4645*log2(FN1) -0.2244*log2(FAP), log2(gene count). Besides, a four-hub gene module was also identified as prognostic model = - 1.400*log2(CEL) + 1.321*log2(CPA1) + 0.454*log2(POSTN) + 1.011*log2(PM20D1), log2(gene count). CONCLUSION Integrated transcriptomic analysis identifies two four-hub gene modules as specific predictive signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC, which may bring new sight for the clinical practice of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Sun-Kuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zhao-Jun Dong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiao-Jing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province China
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Zhang M, Di CY, Guo P, Meng LB, Shan MJ, Qiu Y, Guo PY, Dong KQ, Xie Q, Wang Q. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatic Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:1079-1091. [PMID: 31638423 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) whose mortality is comparable to morbidity is a highly fatal disease. Early approaches of diagnosis and treatment for PC are quite limited, so it is of great urgency to figure out the exact tumorigenesis and development mechanism of PC. To identify the related molecular markers of pancreatic oncogenesis, we downloaded three microarray datasets (GSE63111, GSE101448, and GSE107610) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among them were identified, and the corresponding function enrichment analyses were accomplished. The protein-protein interaction network was conducted by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the corresponding module analysis was accomplished by Cytoscape. There were 55 DEGs found in total. The molecular function and biological processes (BP) of these DEGs mainly include cytokinesis, mitotic nuclear division, cell division, cell proliferation, microtubule-based movement, and mineral absorption. Among the 55 DEGs, 14 hub genes were further confirmed and it was concluded that they mainly function in mitotic cytokinesis, microtubule-based movement, mitotic chromosome condensation, and mitotic spindle assembly from the BP analysis. The survival analysis showed that all the 14 hub genes, especially nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 and abnormal spindle microtubule assembly, may involve in the tumorigenesis and development of PC. And they might be used as new biomarkers for auxiliary diagnosis and potential targets for immunotherapy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Hepatological Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yi Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Anesthesiology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Guo
- Basic Medical Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Dong
- Basic Medical Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Nutrition, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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37
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Zhou YJ, Zhu GQ, Zhang QW, Zheng KI, Chen JN, Zhang XT, Wang QW, Li XB. Survival-Associated Alternative Messenger RNA Splicing Signatures in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Study Based on RNA-Sequencing Data. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1207-1222. [PMID: 31483163 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that cancer-specific alternative splicing (AS) alterations are associated with clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to profile prognostic AS signatures for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We integrated the percent-spliced-in (PSI) data of AS in 140 PDAC patients based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We identified overall survival (OS)-associated AS events using univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, prognostic AS signatures were constructed for OS and chemoresistance prediction using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. We also analyzed splicing factors (SFs) regulatory networks by Pearson's correlation. We detected 677 OS-related AS events in 485 genes by profiling 10,354 AS events obtained from 140 PDAC patients. Gene functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the pathways enriched by survival-associated AS. The AS signatures constructed with significant survival-associated AS events revealed high performance in predicting PDAC survival and gemcitabine chemoresistance. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.937 in training cohort and 0.748 in validation cohort at 2000 days of OS. Furthermore, we identified prognostic SFs (e.g., ESRP1 and HNRNPC) to build the AS regulatory network. We constructed AS signatures for OS and gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC patients, which may provide clues for further experiment-based mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-Nan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Wen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gu Y, Feng Q, Liu H, Zhou Q, Hu A, Yamaguchi T, Xia S, Kobayashi H. Bioinformatic evidences and analysis of putative biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02378. [PMID: 31489384 PMCID: PMC6717170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Aberrant expression of genes plays important role in the procession of PDAC. The analysis of gene expression profile will contribute to the research of carcinoma mechanism. Objective This present study is focused to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 3 PDAC microarray datasets, which would provide candidate genes for putative biomarkers to understand the mechanism of PDAC and potential targets of treatment. Method Based on the overlap genes obtained from 3 GEO datasets, the hub genes were identified using STRING and Cytoscape plugin MCODE. The enrichment and function analysis were applied using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction network was performed using cBioPortal and UCSC Xena. The Oncomine was finally used to determine the candidate gene by analyzing their expression between pancreas sample and PDAC sample. Results 25 hub genes were selected from a total of 1006 DEGs from 3 GEO datasets, consisting of 14 upregulated genes and 11 downregulated genes. The overall decline of hub gene expression enriched in G1 phase of cell cycle in other subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Oncomine database was ultimately performed to determine the 8 candidate genes, including CXCL5, CCL20, NMU, F2R, ANXA1, EDNRA, LPAR6, and GNA15. Conclusions Conclusively, 8 candidate genes would become the potential PDAC combined biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qijin Feng
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ailing Hu
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamaguchi
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shilin Xia
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Huang R, Liu X, Liang Z, Liu T. Upregulation of nucleoprotein AHNAK is associated with poor outcome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis via mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer 2019; 10:3860-3870. [PMID: 31333803 PMCID: PMC6636292 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoprotein AHNAK (AHNAK) is a large scaffold protein that is involved in several biological processes. Previous studies have suggested a possible relation between AHNAK and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of AHNAK in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been unveiled. The present study focuses on identifying the potential value of the biological effects of AHNAK in PDAC, which is one of the most lethal malignancies. Bioinformatic analysis was carried for driver gene prediction, and we proved that AHNAK was a driver gene of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and a predictor of poor outcomes of PDAC by clinical characteristics analysis and in vitro experiments. High AHNAK expression was associated with short disease-free survival and poor overall survival. In vitro assays showed that AHNAK was associated with cell proliferation and migration, and a positive relation was observed between AHNAK and the EMT. In conclusion, AHNAK is a crucial biomarker that may promote cellular proliferation and migration and thus impact PDAC outcomes via the EMT, which suggests that AHANK might be a potential target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoding Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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40
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Banias L, Jung I, Gurzu S. Subcellular expression of maspin – from normal tissue to tumor cells. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:142-155. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i4.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maspin or SerpinB5, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, was shown to function as a tumor suppressor, especially in carcinomas. It seems to inhibit invasion, tumor cells motility and angiogenesis, and promotes apoptosis. Maspin can also induce epigenetic changes such as cytosine methylation, de-acetylation, chromatin condensation, and histone modulation. In this review, a comprehensive synthesis of the literature was done to present maspin function from normal tissues to pathologic conditions. Data was sourced from MEDLINE and PubMed. Study eligibility criteria included: Published in English, between 1994 and 2019, specific to humans, and with full-text availability. Most of the 118 studies included in the present review focused on maspin immunostaining and mRNA levels. It was shown that maspin function is organ-related and depends on its subcellular localization. In malignant tumors, it might be downregulated or negative (e.g., carcinoma of prostate, stomach, and breast) or upregulated (e.g., colorectal and pancreatic tumors). Its subcellular localization (nuclear vs cytoplasm), which can be proved using immunohistochemical methods, was shown to influence both tumor behavior and response to chemotherapy. Although the number of maspin-related papers increased, the exact role of this protein remains unknown, and its interpretation should be done with extremely high caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Tirgu Mures 540139, Romania
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41
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Satyananda V, Gupta R, Hari DM, Yeh J, Chen KT. Advances in Translational Research and Clinical Care in Pancreatic Cancer: Where Are We Headed? Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:7690528. [PMID: 30863442 PMCID: PMC6378762 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7690528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While significant advances have been made in the treatment of many different solid tumors, pancreatic cancer remains a glaring exception. Overall 5-year survival rates for pancreatic cancer remain in the single digits. While newer chemotherapy regimens such as FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine have demonstrated modest improvement in survival benefit for metastatic disease and have improved the resectability rates of previously borderline or locally advanced tumors, clinically significant improvements from immunotherapy and targeted therapy remain to be demonstrated. Regardless, a wealth of basic science research in pancreatic cancer has been directed at understanding its aggressive biology and its resistance to therapy. We present a brief summary of key areas of laboratory research and its translation to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Satyananda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA
| | - Danielle M. Hari
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA
| | - James Yeh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA
| | - Kathryn T. Chen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA
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