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Nunes S, Bastos R, Marinho AI, Vieira R, Benício I, de Noronha MA, Lírio S, Brodskyn C, Tavares NM. Recent advances in the development and clinical application of miRNAs in infectious diseases. Noncoding RNA Res 2025; 10:41-54. [PMID: 39296638 PMCID: PMC11406675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for infectious diseases, several molecules have been investigated. Small RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRs), are important regulators of gene expression, and have emerged as promising candidates for these purposes. MiRs are a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in several human diseases, including host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. Recently, miRs signatures have been reported in different infectious diseases, opening new perspectives for molecular diagnosis and therapy. MiR profiles can discriminate between healthy individuals and patients, as well as distinguish different disease stages. Furthermore, the possibility of assessing miRs in biological fluids, such as serum and whole blood, renders these molecules feasible for the development of new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively describe miRs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in infectious diseases and explore how they can contribute to the advance of existing and new tools. Additionally, we will discuss different miR analysis platforms to understand the obstacles and advances of this molecular approach and propose their potential clinical applications and contributions to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rana Bastos
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ananda Isis Marinho
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Raissa Vieira
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ingra Benício
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Lírio
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Brodskyn
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Parasite-Host Interaction and Epidemiology (LaIPHE), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) Iii - Instituto de Investigação Em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Machado Tavares
- Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) Iii - Instituto de Investigação Em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Uthayopas K, de Sá AG, Alavi A, Pires DE, Ascher DB. PRIMITI: A computational approach for accurate prediction of miRNA-target mRNA interaction. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:3030-3039. [PMID: 39175797 PMCID: PMC11340604 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Current medical research has been demonstrating the roles of miRNAs in a variety of cellular mechanisms, lending credence to the association between miRNA dysregulation and multiple diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of miRNA is critical for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. miRNA-mRNA interactions emerge as the most important mechanism to be understood despite their experimental validation constraints. Accordingly, several computational models have been developed to predict miRNA-mRNA interactions, albeit presenting limited predictive capabilities, poor characterisation of miRNA-mRNA interactions, and low usability. To address these drawbacks, we developed PRIMITI, a PRedictive model for the Identification of novel miRNA-Target mRNA Interactions. PRIMITI is a novel machine learning model that utilises CLIP-seq and expression data to characterise functional target sites in 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) and predict miRNA-target mRNA repression activity. The model was trained using a reliable negative sample selection approach and the robust extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model, which was coupled with newly introduced features, including sequence and genetic variation information. PRIMITI achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) up to 0.96 for a prediction of functional miRNA-target site binding and 0.96 for a prediction of miRNA-target mRNA repression activity on cross-validation and an independent blind test. Additionally, the model outperformed state-of-the-art methods in recovering miRNA-target repressions in an unseen microarray dataset and in a collection of validated miRNA-mRNA interactions, highlighting its utility for preliminary screening. PRIMITI is available on a reliable, scalable, and user-friendly web server at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/primiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korawich Uthayopas
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alex G.C. de Sá
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Azadeh Alavi
- School of Computational Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Douglas E.V. Pires
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David B. Ascher
- The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Guo S, Liu Q, Tan T, Chen X. MiR-24 regulates obstructive pulmonary disease in rats via S100A8. Exp Lung Res 2024; 50:172-183. [PMID: 39390946 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2024.2411852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent inflammatory disorder characterized by minor airway inflammation and emphysema involving various cell types and cytokines. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. This study investigates the impact of microRNA-24 (miR-24) on airway inflammatory responses in a rat model of COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model was established by combining cigarette smoke exposure and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and rat lung tissues were transfected with adeno-associated viruses overexpressing miR-24. Pathological changes in the lung were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of miR-24 and S100A8 was detected through quantitative reverse transcription PCR, while protein levels of S100A8, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) were assessed using western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the relationship between S100A8 and miR-24. RESULTS The results demonstrated the downregulation of miR-24 in rats with COPD, and its overexpression resulted in a significant decrease in S1008 mRNA levels. Additionally, the protein level of S100A8 was significantly increased in the lung tissues of COPD rats. The upregulation of miR-24, however, not only inhibited the protein expression of S100A8, TLR4, and MyD88 in lung tissues but also reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses and pathological injuries in the lung. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-24 attenuates airway inflammatory responses in COPD by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway via targeting S100A8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chen G, Zou J, He Q, Xia S, Xiao Q, Du R, Zhou S, Zhang C, Wang N, Feng Y. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Regulating Cachexia Muscle Atrophy. Cells 2024; 13:1620. [PMID: 39404384 PMCID: PMC11482569 DOI: 10.3390/cells13191620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a late consequence of various diseases that is characterized by systemic muscle loss, with or without fat loss, leading to significant mortality. Multiple signaling pathways and molecules that increase catabolism, decrease anabolism, and interfere with muscle regeneration are activated. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play vital roles in cachexia muscle atrophy. This review mainly provides the mechanisms of specific ncRNAs to regulate muscle loss during cachexia and discusses the role of ncRNAs in cachectic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies that could offer new insights for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (G.C.); (C.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Jiayi Zou
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.Z.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qianhua He
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.Z.); (Q.H.)
| | - Shuyi Xia
- Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China;
| | - Qili Xiao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (Q.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ruoxi Du
- Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China;
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (Q.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (G.C.); (C.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (G.C.); (C.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (G.C.); (C.Z.); (N.W.)
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5
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Wang S, Yu H, Liu S, Liu Y, Gu X. Regulation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cross-talk between TGF- β signaling and MicroRNAs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1415278. [PMID: 39386739 PMCID: PMC11461268 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1415278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a highly complex and challenging disease affecting the respiratory system. Patients with PF usually have an abbreviated survival period and a consequential high mortality rate after the diagnosis is confirmed, posing serious threats to human health. In clinical practice, PF is typically treated by antifibrotic agents, such as Pirfenidone and Nintedanib. However, these agents have been reported to correlate with substantial adverse effects, escalating costs, and insufficient efficacy. Moreover, it remains unclarified about the multifactorial pathology of PF. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for elucidating these underlying mechanisms and identifying safe, efficient, and targeted therapeutic strategies for PF treatment. The crucial role of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in PF development has been explored in many studies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, can significantly affect the development of PF by modulating TGF-β signaling. In turn, TGF-β signaling can regulate the expression and biogenesis of miRNAs, thereby substantially affecting the progression of PF. Hence, the therapeutic strategies that focus on the drug-targeted regulation of miRNAs, either by augmenting down-regulated miRNAs or inhibiting overexpressed miRNAs, may hinder the pathways related to TGF-β signaling. These strategies may contribute to the prevention and suppression of PF progression and may provide novel insights into the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiu Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Parashar D, Mukherjee T, Gupta S, Kumar U, Das K. MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: A potential role in cancer progression. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111263. [PMID: 38897529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication, an essential biological process in multicellular organisms, is mediated by direct cell-to-cell contact and cell secretary molecules. Emerging evidence identifies a third mechanism of intercellular communication- the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-enclosed nanosized bodies, released from cells into the extracellular environment, often found in all biofluids. The growing body of research indicates that EVs carry bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, DNA, RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, metabolites, etc., and upon transferring them, alter the phenotypes of the target recipient cells. Interestingly, the abundance of EVs is found to be significantly higher in different diseased conditions, most importantly cancer. In the past few decades, numerous studies have identified EV miRNAs as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism behind EV miRNA-associated cancer progression and how it could be used as a targeted therapy remain ill-defined. The present review highlights how EV miRNAs influence essential processes in cancer, such as growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, stemness, immune evasion, resistance to therapy, etc. A special emphasis has been given to the potential role of EV miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. The final section of the review delineates the ongoing clinical trials on the role of miRNAs in the progression of different types of cancer. Targeting EV miRNAs could be a potential therapeutic means in the treatment of different forms of cancer alongside conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad 201015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kaushik Das
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India.
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Dostál Z, Buchtíková J, Mandrla J, Modrianský M. On the mechanism of miR-29b enhancement of etoposide toxicity in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19880. [PMID: 39191993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA hsa-miR-29 was connected to a number of malignancies. Its target genes are many, among them Mcl-1 that is expressed in three possible isoforms, one of which is anti-apoptotic and another one pro-apoptotic. Ratio of these two isoforms appears to affect cell response to external stimuli. We have demonstrated that miR-29b enhanced etoposide toxicity in HeLa cell line by modulating this ratio of Mcl-1 isoforms. However, it is not known whether the described miR-29 effect is common to various cancer types or even have the opposite effect. This represents a significant problem for possible future applications. In this report, we demonstrate that miR-29b affects toxicity of 60 μM etoposide in cell lines derived from selected malignancies. The mechanism, however, differs among the cell lines tested. Hep G2 cells demonstrated similar effect of miR-29b on etoposide toxicity as was described in HeLa cells, i.e. modulation of Mcl-1 expression. Target protein down-regulated by miR-29b resulting in enhanced etoposide toxicity in Caco-2 cells was, however, Bcl-2 protein. Moreover, H9c2, Hek-293 and ARPE-19 cell lines selected as a representatives of non-malignant cells, showed no effect of miR-29b on etoposide toxicity. Our data suggest that miR-29b could be a common enhancer of etoposide toxicity in malignant cells due to its modulation of Bcl family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Dostál
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Buchtíková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mandrla
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modrianský
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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8
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Khan MS, Wong GL, Zhuang C, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1436942. [PMID: 39175471 PMCID: PMC11338853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1436942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, constituting 15.2% of all new cancers diagnosed in the United States. Distant breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths; brain metastasis is the third most common site for metastatic breast cancer but is associated with worst prognosis of approximately eight months of survival. Current treatment options for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are limited and ineffective. To help identify new and effective therapies for BCBM, it is important to investigate the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells metastasize to the brain and thrive in the brain microenvironment. To this end, studies have reported that primary breast tumor cells can prime brain microenvironmental cells, including, astrocytes and microglia, to promote the formation of BCBM through the release of extracellular vesicle-microRNAs (miRNAs). Breast tumor-derived miRNAs can also promote breast cancer cell invasion through the blood-brain barrier by disrupting the integrity of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current literature on breast cancer-derived BCBM-promoting miRNAs, cover their roles in the complex steps of BCBM particularly their interactions with microenvironmental cells within the brain metastatic niche, and finally discuss their therapeutic applications in the management of BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza S. Khan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chuling Zhuang
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mariana K. Najjar
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Grillone K, Caridà G, Luciano F, Cordua A, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. A systematic review of non-coding RNA therapeutics in early clinical trials: a new perspective against cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:731. [PMID: 39103911 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has recently emerged as a promising strategy for treating malignancies and other diseases. In recent years, the development of ncRNA-based therapeutics for targeting protein-coding and non-coding genes has also gained momentum. This review systematically examines ongoing and completed clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging landscape of ncRNA-based therapeutics. Significant efforts have been made to advance ncRNA therapeutics to early clinical studies. The most advanced trials have been conducted with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), miRNA replacement using nanovector-entrapped miRNA mimics, or miRNA silencing by antisense oligonucleotides. While siRNA-based therapeutics have already received FDA approval, miRNA mimics, inhibitors, and lncRNA-based therapeutics are still under evaluation in preclinical and early clinical studies. We critically discuss the rationale and methodologies of ncRNA targeting strategies to illustrate this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Cordua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Artimovič P, Špaková I, Macejková E, Pribulová T, Rabajdová M, Mareková M, Zavacká M. The ability of microRNAs to regulate the immune response in ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory pathways. Genes Immun 2024; 25:277-296. [PMID: 38909168 PMCID: PMC11327111 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating the immune responses induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Through their ability to modulate gene expression, microRNAs adjust immune responses by targeting specific genes and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the impact of microRNAs on the inflammatory pathways triggered during ischemia/reperfusion injury and highlights their ability to modulate inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, therefore targeting specific microRNAs offers an opportunity to restore immune homeostasis and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the complex network of immunoregulatory microRNAs could provide novel therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating excessive inflammation and preserving tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Artimovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Špaková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ema Macejková
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Timea Pribulová
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zavacká
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia.
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11
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Chaiyawat P, Sangkhathat S, Chiangjong W, Wongtrakoongate P, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting pediatric solid tumors in the new era of RNA therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104406. [PMID: 38834094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in pediatric cancer treatment, poor prognosis remained for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, given the limitations of approved targeted treatments and immunotherapies. RNA therapeutics offer significant potential for addressing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Advances in manufacturing and delivery systems are paving the way for the rapid development of therapeutic RNAs for clinical applications. This review summarizes therapeutic RNA classifications and the mechanisms of action, highlighting their potential in manipulating major cancer-related pathways and biological effects. We also focus on the pre-clinical investigation of RNA molecules with efficient delivery systems for their therapeutic potential targeting pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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12
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Ware AP, Satyamoorthy K, Paul B. CmirC update 2024: a multi-omics database for clustered miRNAs. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:133. [PMID: 39085735 PMCID: PMC11291601 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Clustered miRNAs consist of two or more miRNAs transcribed together and may coordinately regulate gene expression. Differential expression of clustered miRNAs is found to be controlled by crosstalk of genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that clustered miRNA expression patterns greatly impact cancer cell progression. With the CmirC initiative, we initially developed a comprehensive database to identify copy number variation (CNV) driven clustered miRNAs in cancer. Now, we extended the analysis and identified three miRNAs, mir-96, mir-183, and mir-21, were found to be significantly upregulated in 17 cancer types. Further, CmirC is now upgraded to determine the impact of changes in the DNA methylation status at clustered miRNAs by utilizing The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) cancer datasets. We examined specific methylation datasets from 9,639 samples, pinpointing 215,435 methylation sites and 27,949 CpG islands with miRNA cluster information. The integrated analysis identified 34 clusters exhibiting differentially methylated CpG sites across 14 cancer types. Furthermore, we determined that CpG islands in the promoter region of 20 miRNA clusters could play a regulatory role. Along with ensuring a straightforward and convenient user experience, CmirC has been updated with improved data browsing and analysis functionalities, as well as enabled hyperlinks to literature and miR-cancer databases. The enhanced version of CmirC is anticipated to play an important role in providing information on the regulation of clustered miRNA expression, and their targeted oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The newly updated version of CmirC is available at https://slsdb.manipal.edu/cmirclust/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Pramod Ware
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt Am Main, 60590, Germany
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
| | - Bobby Paul
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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13
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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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14
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Shetti D, Mallela VR, Ye W, Sharif M, Ambrozkiewicz F, Trailin A, Liška V, Hemminki K. Emerging role of circulating cell-free RNA as a non-invasive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104391. [PMID: 38795877 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. HCC is often detected at advanced stages leading to ineffective curative treatments. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method to identify highly specific HCC biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and saliva. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), particularly cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA), have become promising candidates for biomarkers in liquid biopsy applications. While cfDNA presented significant challenges, researchers have turned their attention to cfRNA, which can be efficiently identified through various methods and is considered a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review primarily focuses on studies related to detecting various cfRNA in body fluids as biomarkers. The aim is to provide a summary of available information to assist researchers in their investigations and the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatrya Shetti
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Venkata Ramana Mallela
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mahyar Sharif
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University,Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Trailin
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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15
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Jueraitetibaike K, Tang T, Ma R, Zhao S, Wu R, Yang Y, Huang X, Cheng X, Zhou C, Zhang H, Zheng L, Ge X, Chen L, Yao B. MiR-425-5p suppression of Crebzf regulates oocyte aging via chromatin modification. GeroScience 2024; 46:3723-3742. [PMID: 37532927 PMCID: PMC11226420 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Female infertility due to declining oocyte quality with age remains a significant challenge for patients and physicians, despite extensive research efforts. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs), which respond to various stressors in the aging process, may provide a promising solution. With the approval of small RNA drugs for clinical use, miRNA-based treatment of oocyte aging appears to be a viable option. Through high-throughput sequencing, miR-425-5p was identified as the only miRNA elevated under natural aging and oxidative stress. Microinjection of inhibitors to inhibit miR-425-5p effectively improved compromised phenotypes of old oocytes in vitro. Further investigation revealed that Crebzf acts as a mediator of miR-425-5p's age-related functions in old oocytes. In vivo treatment with miR-425-5p antagomirs significantly improved impaired oocyte development in reproductively old females by targeting Crebzf. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Crebzf plays a vital role in regulating mRNAs targeting histone H3, trimethylated lysine 4 (H3K4me3), a crucial marker for transcriptional silencing. Overexpression of miR-425-5p could hinder oocyte maturation by downregulating Crebzf expression and disrupting transcriptional regulation. Our findings provide new insights into the potential of miR-425-5p antagomirs as a treatment for female infertility and highlight an elegant mechanism by which miR-425-5p inhibition of Crebzf inhibits a developmental switch in GV oocytes by regulating a group of histone methyltransferase mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadiliya Jueraitetibaike
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanmeizi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ramprosand S, Govinden-Soulange J, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya VM, Sanan-Mishra N. miRNA, phytometabolites and disease: Connecting the dots. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39072874 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
miRNAs are tiny noncoding ribonucleotides that function as critical regulators of gene-expression in eukaryotes. A single miRNA may be involved in the regulation of several target mRNAs forming complex cellular networks to regulate diverse aspects of development in an organism. The deregulation of miRNAs has been associated with several human diseases. Therefore, miRNA-based therapeutics is gaining interest in the pharmaceutical industry as the next-generation drugs for the cure of many diseases. Medicinal plants have also been used for the treatment of several human diseases and their curative potential is attributed to their reserve in bioactive metabolites. A role for miRNAs as regulators of the phytometabolic pathways in plants has emerged in the recent past. Experimental studies have also indicated the potential of plant encoded secondary phytometabolites to act as cross-regulators of mammalian miRNAs and transcripts to regulate human diseases (like cancer). The evidence for this cross-kingdom gene regulation through miRNA has gathered considerable enthusiasm in the scientific field, even though there are on-going debates regarding the reproducibility and the effectiveness of these findings. In this review, we provide information to connect the medicinal and gene regulatory properties of secondary phytometabolites, their regulation by miRNAs in plants and their effects on human miRNAs for regulating downstream metabolic or pathological processes. While further extensive research initiatives and good clinical evidence are required to prove or disapprove these findings, understanding of these regulations will have important implications in the potential use of synthetic or artificial miRNAs as effective alternatives for providing health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srutee Ramprosand
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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17
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Kura B, Pavelkova P, Kalocayova B, Pobijakova M, Slezak J. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7097-7113. [PMID: 39057064 PMCID: PMC11276491 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent small RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They are implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes ranging from cellular homeostasis to stress responses. Unintended irradiation of the cells and tissues, e.g., during medical uses, induces various pathological conditions, including oxidative stress. miRNAs may regulate the expression of transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor suppressor protein p53) and other redox-sensitive genes (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), sirtuins (SIRTs)), which trigger and modulate cellular redox signaling. During irradiation, miRNAs mainly act with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the cell fate. Depending on the pathway involved and the extent of oxidative stress, this may lead to cell survival or cell death. In the context of radiation-induced oxidative stress, miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a are among the best-studied miRNAs. miRNA-21 has been shown to directly target superoxide dismutase (SOD), or NF-κB, whereas miRNA-34a is a direct regulator of NADPH oxidase (NOX), SIRT1, or p53. Understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced injury including the involvement of redox-responsive miRNAs may help to develop novel approaches for modulating the cellular response to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Patricia Pavelkova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margita Pobijakova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bory Hospital–Penta Hospitals, 841 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Radiological Science, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.P.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
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18
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Song X, Liu F, Chen M, Zhu M, Zheng H, Wang W, Chen D, Li M, Chen S. MiR-21 regulates skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis by targeting TGF-beta/SMAD7-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33062. [PMID: 39027432 PMCID: PMC11254527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term denervation-induced atrophy and fibrosis of skeletal muscle due to denervation leads to poor recovery of muscle function. Studies have shown that the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad signaling pathway plays a central role in muscle atrophy and fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrate the role of microRNAs (miRs) in various pathological conditions, including muscle regeneration. miR-21 has been shown to play a dynamic role in inflammatory responses and in accelerating injury responses to fibrosis. We used both RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR strategies to examine the alternations of miRNAs during denervation-induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and fibrosis. Our data showed that MiR-21 was upregulated in denervated gastrocnemius muscle tissue, and TGF-β1treatment increased miR-21 expression. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced gastrocnemius muscle fibrosis and significantly downregulated the expression of p-SMAD2/3 and the fibrosis-associated markers TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor, alpha smooth muscle actin. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that atrophy and fibrosis in gastrocnemius muscle tissue were reduced in the miR-21 inhibition group compared to the control group. We confirmed that SMAD7 is a direct target of miR-21 using a dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed that miR-21 inhibition reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. While SMAD7-siRNA abolished the effect. Consequently, the discovery that miR-21 regulates the atrophy and fibrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle offers a possible therapeutic approach for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Song
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minhui Zhu
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Li
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shicai Chen
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
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19
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Carr ER, Higgins PB, McClenaghan NH, Flatt PR, McCloskey AG. MicroRNA regulation of islet and enteroendocrine peptides: Physiology and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2024; 176:171196. [PMID: 38492669 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with dysregulation of glucoregulatory hormones, including both islet and enteroendocrine peptides. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA sequences which post transcriptionally inhibit protein synthesis by binding to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA). Essential for normal cell activities, including proliferation and apoptosis, dysregulation of these noncoding RNA molecules have been linked to several diseases, including diabetes, where alterations in miRNA expression within pancreatic islets have been observed. This may occur as a compensatory mechanism to maintain beta-cell mass/function (e.g., downregulation of miR-7), or conversely, lead to further beta-cell demise and disease progression (e.g., upregulation of miR-187). Thus, targeting miRNAs has potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications in T2D. This is reinforced by the success seen to date with miRNA-based therapeutics for other conditions currently in clinical trials. In this review, differential expression of miRNAs in human islets associated with T2D will be discussed along with further consideration of their effects on the production and secretion of islet and incretin hormones. This analysis further unravels the therapeutic potential of miRNAs and offers insights into novel strategies for T2D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Carr
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - P B Higgins
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland
| | - N H McClenaghan
- Department of Life Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - A G McCloskey
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Atlantic Technology University, Donegal, Ireland.
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20
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Jácome D, Cotrufo T, Andrés-Benito P, Lidón L, Martí E, Ferrer I, Del Río JA, Gavín R. miR-519a-3p, found to regulate cellular prion protein during Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, as a biomarker of asymptomatic stages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167187. [PMID: 38653354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Clinical relevance of miRNAs as biomarkers is growing due to their stability and detection in biofluids. In this, diagnosis at asymptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge since it can only be made at autopsy according to Braak NFT staging. Achieving the objective of detecting AD at early stages would allow possible therapies to be addressed before the onset of cognitive impairment. Many studies have determined that the expression pattern of some miRNAs is dysregulated in AD patients, but to date, none has been correlated with downregulated expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) during disease progression. That is why, by means of cross studies of miRNAs up-regulated in AD with in silico identification of potential miRNAs-binding to 3'UTR of human PRNP gene, we selected miR-519a-3p for our study. Then, in vitro experiments were carried out in two ways. First, we validated miR-519a-3p target on 3'UTR-PRNP, and second, we analyzed the levels of PrPC expression after using of mimic technology on cell culture. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed to analyzed miR-519a-3p expression in human cerebral samples of AD at different stages of disease evolution. Additionally, samples of other neurodegenerative diseases such as other non-AD tauopathies and several synucleinopathies were included in the study. Our results showed that miR-519a-3p overlaps with PRNP 3'UTR in vitro and promotes downregulation of PrPC. Moreover, miR-519a-3p was found to be up-regulated exclusively in AD samples from stage I to VI, suggesting its potential use as a novel label of preclinical stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayaneth Jácome
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Tiziana Cotrufo
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Madrid, Spain; Neurologic Diseases and Neurogenetics Group, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Lidón
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eulàlia Martí
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Functional Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERESP (Centro en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Spain.
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Senior Consultant Neuropathology, Service of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Guillemin GJ, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Targeting microRNAs as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy against traffic-related air pollution-mediated lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:657-672. [PMID: 37910296 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are increasingly emitted into the atmosphere because of the high dependency of humans on fossil-derived fuels. Wind speed and direction assisted high dispersibility and uncontrolled nature of air pollution across geo-/demographical borders, making it one of the major global concerns. Besides climate change, air pollution has been found to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer. Lung cancer, which is the world's most common type of cancer, has been found to be associated with traffic-related air pollution. Research and political efforts have been taken to explore green/renewable energy sources. However, these efforts at the current intensity cannot cope with the increasing need for fossil fuels. More specifically, political tensions such as the Russian-Ukraine war, economic tension (e.g., China-USA economic tensions), and other issues (e.g., pandemic, higher inflation rate, and poverty) significantly hindered phasing out fossil fuels. In this context, an increasing global population will be exposed to traffic-related air pollution, which justifies the current uptrend in the number of lung cancer patients. To combat this health burden, novel treatments with higher efficiency and specificity must be designed. One of the potential "life changer" options is microRNA (miRNA)-based therapy to target the expression of oncogenic genes. That said, this review discusses the association of traffic-related air pollution with lung cancer, the changes in indigenous miRNAs in the body during lung cancer, and the current status of miRNA therapeutics for lung cancer treatment. We believe that the article will significantly appeal to a broad readership of oncologists, environmentalists, and those who work in the field of (bio)energy. It may also gain the policymakers' attention to establish better health policies and regulations about air pollution, for example, by promoting (bio)fuel exploration, production, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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22
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Aslan ES, Aydin E. Investigating the role of let-7a microRNA in cisplatin sensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3979-3984. [PMID: 37991541 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a major cause of death worldwide, and cisplatin is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of LC. However, high doses of cisplatin can reduce its efficacy, leading to the need for new methods to increase LC cell sensitivity to this drug molecule. To overcome this problem, it is important to discover new methods to increase the sensitivity of LC cells to cisplatin. In this study, we investigated the use of anti-let-7a, a microRNA, to enhance the cisplatin sensitivity in A549 LC cells by comparing its effects with the commonly used oncogenes akt1 and pik3ca. The A549 cell line was transfected with anti-let-7a, and its effects were analyzed using functional assays. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay was used for the measurement of cell viability, and gene expression levels of cell death-associated genes, were analyzed by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results showed that anti-let-7a downregulation decreased the viability of A549 cells significantly compared to the control group in the presence of cisplatin. Moreover, the single treatment of cells with anti-let-7a and cisplatin resulted in significant changes in gene expression levels, with the increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Moreover, anti-let-7a treatment was found to increase the response of A549 cells to cisplatin by reducing the expression of oncogenes akt1 and pik3ca. This study suggests that anti-let-7a treatment may enhance the A549 LC cell sensitivity to cisplatin by modulating the expression of akt1 and pik3ca genes, making it a promising therapeutic target for LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sibel Aslan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Merkezefendi, 75 Sk No:1-13 M. G, 34015, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ece Aydin
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Merkezefendi, 75 Sk No:1-13 M. G, 34015, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey
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23
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Szabados T, Molnár A, Kenyeres É, Gömöri K, Pipis J, Pósa B, Makkos A, Ágg B, Giricz Z, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A, Bencsik P. Identification of New, Translatable ProtectomiRs against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Oxidative Stress: The Role of MMP/Biglycan Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:674. [PMID: 38929113 PMCID: PMC11201193 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic conditionings (ICon) were intensively investigated and several protective signaling pathways were identified. Previously, we have shown the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the cardioprotective role of biglycan (BGN), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan in vitro. Here, we hypothesized that cardiac MMP and BGN signaling are involved in the protective effects of ICon. METHODS A reverse target-microRNA prediction was performed by using the miRNAtarget™ 2.0 software to identify human microRNAs with a possible regulatory effect on MMP and BGN, such as on related genes. To validate the identified 1289 miRNAs in the predicted network, we compared them to two cardioprotective miRNA omics datasets derived from pig and rat models of MIRI in the presence of ICons. RESULTS Among the experimentally measured miRNAs, we found 100% sequence identity to human predicted regulatory miRNAs in the case of 37 porcine and 24 rat miRNAs. Upon further analysis, 42 miRNAs were identified as MIRI-associated miRNAs, from which 24 miRNAs were counter-regulated due to ICons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight 24 miRNAs that potentially regulate cardioprotective therapeutic targets associated with MMPs and BGN in a highly translatable porcine model of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Szabados
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Arnold Molnár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Éva Kenyeres
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Kamilla Gömöri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Judit Pipis
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Bence Pósa
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Bence Ágg
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.S.); (A.M.); (É.K.); (K.G.); (J.P.); (B.P.); (A.G.)
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnóczy u. 6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary; (B.Á.); (Z.G.); (P.F.)
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24
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Lin Y, Zhang L, Ji M, Shen S, Chen Y, Wu S, Wu X, Liu NQ, Lu J. MiR-653-5p drives osteoarthritis pathogenesis by modulating chondrocyte senescence. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:111. [PMID: 38812033 PMCID: PMC11134905 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the unclear pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), effective treatment for this ailment is presently unavailable. Accumulating evidence points to chondrocyte senescence as a key driver in OA development. This study aims to identify OA-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting chondrocyte senescence to alleviate OA progression. METHODS We screened and identified miRNAs differentially expressed in OA and normal cartilage, then confirmed the impact of miR-653-5p on chondrocyte functions and senescence phenotypes through in vitro experiments with overexpression/silencing. We identified interleukin 6 (IL-6) as the target gene of miR-653-5p and confirmed the regulatory influence of miR-653-5p on the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway through gain/loss-of-function studies. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of miR-653-5p on OA using a mouse model with destabilization of the medial meniscus. RESULTS MiR-653-5p was significantly downregulated in cartilage tissues and chondrocytes from OA patients. Overexpression of miR-653-5p promoted chondrocyte matrix synthesis and proliferation while inhibiting chondrocyte senescence. Furthermore, bioinformatics target prediction and the luciferase reporter assays identified IL-6 as a target of miR-653-5p. Western blot assays demonstrated that miR-653-5p overexpression inhibited the protein expression of IL-6, the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3, and the expression of chondrocyte senescence phenotypes by regulating the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the cartilage destruction was significantly alleviated and chondrocyte senescence phenotypes were remarkably decreased in the OA mouse model treated by agomiR-653-5p compared to the control mice. CONCLUSIONS MiR-653-5p showed a significant decrease in cartilage tissues of individuals with OA, leading to an upregulation of chondrocyte senescence phenotypes in the articular cartilage. AgomiR-653-5p emerges as a potential treatment approach for OA. These findings provide further insight into the role of miR-653-5p in chondrocyte senescence and the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinuo Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nancy Q Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Bernasconi R, Kuster GM. Non-coding RNAs and their potential exploitation in cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38802331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy in cancer patients has been extended in recent years, thanks to major breakthroughs in therapeutic developments. However, this also unmasked an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors, which is in part attributable to cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much appreciation due to their impact on gene expression. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are non-protein-coding transcripts that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, hence shaping cell identity and behaviour. They have also been implicated in disease development, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and, more recently, cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity. This review outlines key features of cancer therapy-associated cardiotoxicity, what is known about the roles of ncRNAs in these processes and how ncRNAs could be exploited as therapeutic targets for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bernasconi
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Myocardial Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Saw PE, Song E. Advancements in clinical RNA therapeutics: Present developments and prospective outlooks. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101555. [PMID: 38744276 PMCID: PMC11148805 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as promising clinical therapeutics due to their ability to target "undruggable" proteins or molecules with high precision and minimal side effects. Nevertheless, the primary challenge in RNA therapeutics lies in rapid degradation and clearance from systemic circulation, the inability to traverse cell membranes, and the efficient intracellular delivery of bioactive RNA molecules. In this review, we explore the implications of RNAs in diseases and provide a chronological overview of the development of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, we summarize the technological advances in RNA-screening design, encompassing various RNA databases and design platforms. The paper then presents an update on FDA-approved RNA therapeutics and those currently undergoing clinical trials for various diseases, with a specific emphasis on RNA medicine and RNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Nanhai Clinical Translational Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Nanhai Clinical Translational Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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27
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Rokhsartalab Azar P, Maleki Aghdam M, Karimi S, Haghtalab A, Sadeghpour S, Mellatyar H, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H. Uterine fluid microRNAs in repeated implantation failure. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119678. [PMID: 38641194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a significant obstacle in assisted reproductive procedures, primarily because of compromised receptivity. As such, there is a need for a dependable and accurate clinical test to evaluate endometrial receptiveness, particularly during embryo transfer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have diverse functions in the processes of implantation and pregnancy. Dysregulation of miRNAs results in reproductive diseases such as recurrent implantation failure (RIF). The endometrium secretes several microRNAs (miRNAs) during the implantation period, which could potentially indicate whether the endometrium is suitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The goal of this review is to examine endometrial miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers that successfully predict endometrium receptivity in RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Maleki Aghdam
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sarmad Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arian Haghtalab
- School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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28
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Srivastava GK, Martinez-Rodriguez S, Md Fadilah NI, Looi Qi Hao D, Markey G, Shukla P, Fauzi MB, Panetsos F. Progress in Wound-Healing Products Based on Natural Compounds, Stem Cells, and MicroRNA-Based Biopolymers in the European, USA, and Asian Markets: Opportunities, Barriers, and Regulatory Issues. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1280. [PMID: 38732749 PMCID: PMC11085499 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounds are breaks in the continuity of the skin and underlying tissues, resulting from external causes such as cuts, blows, impacts, or surgical interventions. Countless individuals suffer minor to severe injuries, with unfortunate cases even leading to death. In today's scenario, several commercial products are available to facilitate the healing process of wounds, although chronic wounds still present more challenges than acute wounds. Nevertheless, the huge demand for wound-care products within the healthcare sector has given rise to a rapidly growing market, fostering continuous research and development endeavors for innovative wound-healing solutions. Today, there are many commercially available products including those based on natural biopolymers, stem cells, and microRNAs that promote healing from wounds. This article explores the recent breakthroughs in wound-healing products that harness the potential of natural biopolymers, stem cells, and microRNAs. A comprehensive exploration is undertaken, covering not only commercially available products but also those still in the research phase. Additionally, we provide a thorough examination of the opportunities, obstacles, and regulatory considerations influencing the potential commercialization of wound-healing products across the diverse markets of Europe, America, and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish K. Srivastava
- Departamento de Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Sofia Martinez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Nur Izzah Md Fadilah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (D.L.Q.H.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Daniel Looi Qi Hao
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (D.L.Q.H.); (M.B.F.)
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Gavin Markey
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (G.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Priyank Shukla
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (G.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (D.L.Q.H.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group, Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Omnia Mater SL, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Garreau M, Weidner J, Hamilton R, Kolosionek E, Toki N, Stavenhagen K, Paris C, Bonetti A, Czechtizky W, Gnerlich F, Rydzik A. Chemical modification patterns for microRNA therapeutic mimics: a structure-activity relationship (SAR) case-study on miR-200c. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2792-2807. [PMID: 38421619 PMCID: PMC11014349 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) mimics are an emerging class of oligonucleotide therapeutics, with a few compounds already in clinical stages. Synthetic miRNAs are able to restore downregulated levels of intrinsic miRNAs, allowing for parallel regulation of multiple genes involved in a particular disease. In this work, we examined the influence of chemical modifications patterns in miR-200c mimics, assessing the regulation of a selection of target messenger RNAs (mRNA) and, subsequently, of the whole transcriptome in A549 cells. We have probed 37 mimics and provided an initial set of instructions for designing miRNA mimics with potency and selectivity similar to an unmodified miRNA duplex. Additionally, we have examined the stability of selected mimics in serum. Finally, the selected two modification patterns were translated to two other miRNAs, miR-34a and miR-155. To differing degrees, these designs acted on target mRNAs in a similar manner to the unmodified mimic. Here, for the first time, we describe a structured overview of 'miRNA mimics modification templates' that are chemically stabilised and optimised for use in an in vitro set up and highlight the need of further sequence specific optimization when mimics are to be used beyond in vitro tool experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Garreau
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julie Weidner
- Translational Science Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Russell Hamilton
- Translational Science Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewa Kolosionek
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naoko Toki
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clément Paris
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Bonetti
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Werngard Czechtizky
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Felix Gnerlich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydzik
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Escalante PI, Quiñones LA, Contreras HR. Exploring the impact of MiR-92a-3p on FOLFOX chemoresistance biomarker genes in colon cancer cell lines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1376638. [PMID: 38659583 PMCID: PMC11039864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One of the primary obstacles faced by individuals with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is the potential development of acquired chemoresistance as the disease advances. Studies have indicated a direct association between elevated levels of miR-92a-3p and the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance observed in CRC. We proposed that miR-92a-3p impairs FOLFOX (fluorouracil/oxaliplatin) chemotherapy response by upregulating the expression of chemoresistance biomarker genes through the activation of β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These FOLFOX biomarker genes include the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway genes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and the genes encoding the DNA repair complexes subunits ERCC1 and ERCC2, and XRCC1. Methods: To assess this, we transfected SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines with miR-92a-3p mimics and then quantified the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1, the expression of EMT markers and transcription factors, and activation of β-catenin. Results and discussion: Our results reveal that miR-92a-3p does not affect the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, and ERCC1. Furthermore, even though miR-92a-3p affects ERCC2, XRCC1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin mRNA levels, it has no influence on their protein expression. Conclusion: We found that miR-92a-3p does not upregulate the expression of proteins of DNA-repair pathways and other genes involved in FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Escalante
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Santiago, Chile
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Mencucci MV, Abba MC, Maiztegui B. Decoding the role of microRNA dysregulation in the interplay of pancreatic cancer and type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112144. [PMID: 38161049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the complex relationship between pancreatic cancer (PC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by focusing on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in many diseases, including T2D and cancer. To begin, we conducted a literature review to identify miRNAs associated with the PC-T2D link. However, we found limited research on this specific association, with most studies focusing on the antitumor effects of metformin. Furthermore, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to identify new potential miRNAs that might be relevant in the context of PC-T2D. First, we identified miRNAs and gene expression alterations common to both diseases using publicly available datasets. Subsequently, we performed an integrative analysis between the identified miRNAs and genes alterations. As a result, we identified nine miRNAs that could potentially play an important role in the interplay between PC and T2D. These miRNAs have the potential to influence nearby cells and distant tissues, affecting critical processes like extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion, ultimately contributing to the development of T2D or PC. Taken together, these analyses underscore the importance of further exploring the role of miRNAs in the complex interplay of PC and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Mencucci
- CENEXA, Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, 60 y 120 (s/n), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Martín Carlos Abba
- CINIBA, Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Bárbara Maiztegui
- CENEXA, Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET-CeAs CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, 60 y 120 (s/n), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Salama RM, Eissa N, Doghish AS, Abulsoud AI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Mohammed OA, Abdel Mageed SS, Darwish SF. Decoding the secrets of longevity: unraveling nutraceutical and miRNA-Mediated aging pathways and therapeutic strategies. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1373741. [PMID: 38605867 PMCID: PMC11007187 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1373741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that are not involved in coding for proteins. They have a significant function in regulating gene expression after the process of transcription. Their participation in several biological processes has rendered them appealing subjects for investigating age-related disorders. Increasing data indicates that miRNAs can be influenced by dietary variables, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, trace minerals, and nutraceuticals. This review examines the influence of dietary factors and nutraceuticals on the regulation of miRNA in relation to the process of aging. We examine the present comprehension of miRNA disruption in age-related illnesses and emphasize the possibility of dietary manipulation as a means of prevention or treatment. Consolidating animal and human research is essential to validate the significance of dietary miRNA control in living organisms, despite the abundance of information already provided by several studies. This review elucidates the complex interaction among miRNAs, nutrition, and aging, offering valuable insights into promising areas for further research and potential therapies for age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
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Yuen JG, Hwang GR, Fesler A, Intriago E, Pal A, Ojha A, Ju J. Development of gemcitabine-modified miRNA mimics as cancer therapeutics for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200769. [PMID: 38596306 PMCID: PMC10869788 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancement in diagnosis and therapy, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is still the most lethal cancer with a low five-year survival rate. There is an urgent need to develop new therapies to address this issue. In this study, we developed a treatment strategy by modifying tumor suppressor miRNAs, miR-15a and miR-194, with the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (Gem) to create Gem-modified mimics, Gem-miR-15a and Gem-miR-194, respectively. In a panel of PDAC cell lines, we found that Gem-miR-15a and Gem-miR-194 induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and these mimics are potent inhibitors with IC50 values up to several hundred fold less than their native counterparts or Gem alone. Furthermore, we found that Gem-miR-15a and Gem-miR-194 retained miRNA function by downregulating the expression of several key targets including WEE1, CHK1, BMI1, and YAP1 for Gem-miR-15a, and FOXA1 for Gem-miR-194. We also found that our Gem-modified miRNA mimics exhibit an enhanced efficacy compared to Gem in patient-derived PDAC organoids. Furthermore, we observed that Gem-miR-15a significantly inhibits PDAC tumor growth in vivo without observing any noticeable signs of toxicity. Overall, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Gem-modified miRNAs as a treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ga-Ram Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Erick Intriago
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Amartya Pal
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Anushka Ojha
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- The Northport Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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Arora S, Verma N. Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in corneal diseases. Mol Vis 2024; 30:92-106. [PMID: 38601014 PMCID: PMC11006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicle (EV) that are released and found in almost all body fluids. Exosomes consist of and carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including genetic information in the form of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA, a type of small non-coding RNA, plays a key role in regulating genes by suppressing their translation. miRNAs are often disrupted in the pathophysiology of different conditions, including eye disease. The stability and easy detectability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of different diseases. Additionally, due to the natural delivery capabilities of exosomes, they can be modified to transport therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Most exosome research has primarily focused on cancer, so there is limited research highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, particularly in cornea-associated pathologies. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding the primary functions of exosomal miRNAs and their potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arora
- Pharma Services Group, Patheon/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Florence, SC
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Sen B, Akbaba TH, Balci-Peynircioglu B. InflammamiRs in focus: Delivery strategies and therapeutic approaches. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23528. [PMID: 38441434 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302028r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs which are essential regulators of host genome expression at the post-transcriptional level. There is evidence of dysregulated miRNA expression patterns in a wide variety of diseases, such as autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. These miRNAs have been termed "inflammamiRs." When working with miRNAs, the method followed, the approach to treat or diagnosis, and the selected biological material are very crucial. Demonstration of the role of miRNAs in particular disease phenotypes facilitates their evaluation as potential and effective therapeutic tools. A growing number of reports suggest the significant utility of miRNAs and other small RNA drugs in clinical medicine. Most miRNAs seem promising therapeutic options, but some features associated with miRNA therapy like off-target effect, effective dosage, or differential delivery methods, mainly caused by the short target's sequence, make miRNA therapies challenging. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the inflammamiRs in diseases associated with inflammatory pathways and the challenge of identifying the most potent therapeutic candidates and provide a perspective on achieving safe and targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics. We also discuss the status of inflammamiRs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Sen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Hilmi Akbaba
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Thau H, Neuber S, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Targeting Lipoprotein(a): Can RNA Therapeutics Provide the Next Step in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease? Cardiol Ther 2024; 13:39-67. [PMID: 38381282 PMCID: PMC10899152 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-024-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and cardiovascular disease. As a result, lowering Lp(a) levels is widely recognized as a promising strategy for reducing the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Lp(a) consists of a low-density lipoprotein-like particle with covalently linked apolipoprotein A (apo[a]) and apolipoprotein B-100, which explains its pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-atherogenic properties. Lp(a) serum concentrations are genetically determined by the apo(a) isoform, with shorter isoforms having a higher rate of particle synthesis. To date, there are no approved pharmacological therapies that effectively reduce Lp(a) levels. Promising treatment approaches targeting apo(a) expression include RNA-based drugs such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, SLN360, and lepodisiran, which are currently in clinical trials. In this comprehensive review, we provide a detailed overview of RNA-based therapeutic approaches and discuss the recent advances and challenges of RNA therapeutics specifically designed to reduce Lp(a) levels and thus the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Thau
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Srivastava S, Mondal S, Rathor R, Srivastava S, Suryakumar G. Increased Expression of MiRNA-1 Contributes to Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Skeletal Muscle Loss. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300573. [PMID: 38149527 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the role of microRNA-1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle loss under hypobaric hypoxia (HH). Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10) weighing 230-250 g are divided into two groups, control and HH exposure for 7 days at 25 000 ft. After the hypoxia exposure, the animals are sacrificed and hindlimb skeletal muscles are excised for further analysis. Studies found the potential role of miR-1 (myomiR) as a biomarker under different atrophic conditions. Prolonged exposure to HH leads to enhanced expression of miR-1 in skeletal muscle as compared to unexposed controls. The Bioinformatics approach is used to identify the validated targets and the biological processes of miR-1. The target prediction tools identify PAX3 and HSP70 as major targets for miR-1. Exposure to HH significantly reduces PAX3 and HSP70 expression during 7 days of HH exposure, which further enhances the activity of FOXO3, MSTN, and ATROGIN known for the progression of skeletal muscle atrophy in relation to control rats. This study indicates the increased expressions of miR-1 and reduced expression of PAX3 and HSP70 lead to impaired myogenesis in skeletal muscle under HH. Further, enhanced expression of muscle degradation genes such as FOXO3, MSTN, and ATROGIN under HH exposure causes skeletal muscle protein loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Samrita Mondal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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O'Shaughnessy KL, Sasser AL, Bell KS, Riutta C, Ford JL, Grindstaff RD, Gilbert ME. Bypassing the brain barriers: upregulation of serum miR-495 and miR-543-3p reflects thyroid-mediated developmental neurotoxicity in the rat. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:128-140. [PMID: 38070162 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the neurodevelopmental effects of thyroid-disrupting chemicals is challenging. Although some standardized developmental and reproductive toxicity studies recommend serum thyroxine (T4) measures in developing rats, extrapolating between a serum T4 reduction and neurodevelopmental outcomes is not straightforward. Previously, we showed that the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers may be affected by developmental hypothyroidism in newborn rats. Here, we hypothesized that if the brain barriers were functionally disturbed by abnormal thyroid action, then small molecules may escape from the brain tissue and into general circulation. These small molecules could then be identified in blood samples, serving as a direct readout of thyroid-mediated developmental neurotoxicity. To address these hypotheses, pregnant rats were exposed to propylthiouracil (PTU, 0 or 3 ppm) to induce thyroid hormone insufficiency, and dams were permitted to give birth. PTU significantly reduced serum T4 in postnatal offspring. Consistent with our hypothesis, we show that tight junctions of the brain barriers were abnormal in PTU-exposed pups, and the blood-brain barrier exhibited increased permeability. Next, we performed serum microRNA Sequencing (miRNA-Seq) to identify noncoding RNAs that may reflect these neurodevelopmental disturbances. Of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified, 7 were upregulated in PTU-exposed pups. Validation by qRT-PCR shows that miR-495 and miR-543-3p were similarly upregulated in males and females. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been linked to cell junction dysfunction in other models, paralleling the identified abnormalities in the rat brain. Taken together, these data show that miR-495 and miR-543-3p may be novel in vivo biomarkers of thyroid-mediated developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Aubrey L Sasser
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kiersten S Bell
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Cal Riutta
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jermaine L Ford
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Gulati R, Mitra T, Rajiv R, Rajan EJE, Pierret C, Enninga EAL, Janardhanan R. Exosomal microRNAs in breast cancer: towards theranostic applications. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1330144. [PMID: 38455764 PMCID: PMC10918471 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1330144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the top two reproductive cancers responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality among women globally. Despite the advancements in the treatment of breast cancer, its early diagnosis remains a challenge. Recent evidence indicates that despite the adroit use of numerous strategies to facilitate rapid and precision-oriented screening of breast cancer at the community level through the use of mammograms, Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biomarker tracking, no strategy has been unequivocally accepted as a gold standard for facilitating rapid screening for disease. This necessitates the need to identify novel strategies for the detection and triage of breast cancer lesions at higher rates of specificity, and sensitivity, whilst taking into account the epidemiologic and social-demographic features of the patients. Recent shreds of evidence indicate that exosomes could be a robust source of biomaterial for the rapid screening of breast cancer due to their high stability and their presence in body fluids. Increasing evidence indicates that the Exosomal microRNAs- play a significant role in modifying the tumour microenvironment of breast cancers, thereby potentially aiding in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of ExomiRs in the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer. These ExomiRs can also be used as candidate biomarkers for facilitating rapid screening and triaging of breast cancer patients for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gulati
- Division of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tridip Mitra
- Division of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohan Rajiv
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emilda Judith Ezhil Rajan
- Division of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chris Pierret
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Rajiv Janardhanan
- Division of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yi YS. MicroRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of inflammasomes in inflammatory responses and immunopathologies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:227-238. [PMID: 36437174 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation represents the first-line defense mechanism of the host against pathogens and cellular stress. One of the most critical inflammatory responses is characterized by the activation of inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that induce inflammatory signaling pathways in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns under physiological and pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are tightly regulated in normal cells, and dysregulation of these complexes is observed in various pathological conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and cancers. Epigenetic regulation has been suggested as a key mechanism in modulating inflammasome activity, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammasomes. Therefore, miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of inflammasomes in pathological conditions has received considerable attention, and current strategies for targeting inflammasomes have been shown to be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with inflammasome activation. This review summarizes recent studies suggesting the roles of miRNAs in the epigenetic control of inflammasomes and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a therapeutic tool for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea.
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Khombi Shooshtari M, Sarkaki A, Rashno M, Hoseinynejad K. Renal protection by ellagic acid in a rat model of glycerol-induced acute kidney injury. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2024; 15:105-111. [PMID: 38465322 PMCID: PMC10924295 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.2000658.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Studies conducted on animal models have shown that the administration of glycerol can lead to kidney tissue damage and impaired renal function. This is believed to be caused by oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn can result in elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. These metabolites are commonly used as indicators of renal function. The aim of the current experimental research was to investigate the protective efficacy of ellagic acid in a rat model of rhabdomyolysis induced by glycerol. Sixty healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing between 250 - 300 g were divided into five equal groups including control, rhabdomyolysis (administered 8.00 mL kg-1 of glycerol), and three rhabdomyolysis plus various doses of ellagic acid (25.00, 50.00 and 100 mg kg-1 per day; 72 hr after receiving glycerol for 14 days successively) groups. Serum levels of BUN, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, electrolytes and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in all rats. Histopathological studies were also performed on kidney tissues from all groups. The administration of ellagic acid resulted in a significant increase in renal function biomarkers compared to the rats with acute kidney injury. This increase was consistent with notable reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increases in interleukin-10 levels observed in blood samples. Furthermore, the improvement in histopathological indices observed in rats received ellagic acid confirmed its nephroprotective role. The results of the current experimental study suggest that ellagic acid can improve kidney damage following glycerol injection, potentially by modulating the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khombi Shooshtari
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Khojasteh Hoseinynejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
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Dehghani A, Khajepour F, Dehghani M, Razmara E, Zangouey M, Abadi MFS, Nezhad RBA, Dabiri S, Garshasbi M. Hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p are down-regulated expressed in high dysplasia HPV-positive Pap smear samples compared to normal cytology HPV-positive Pap smear samples. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38342922 PMCID: PMC10860252 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may affect the miRNA expression pattern during cervical cancer (CC) development. To demonstrate the association between high-risk HPVs and the development of cervix dysplasia, we examined the expression patterns of hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p in Pap smear samples from southeast Iranian women. We compared samples that were HPV-positive but showed no abnormality in the cytological examination to samples that were HPV-positive and had severe dysplasia. METHODS Pap smear samples were obtained from 60 HPV-positive (HPV-16/18) patients with histologically confirmed severe dysplasia (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 3) or carcinoma in situ) and the normal cytology group. The expression of hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, using specific stem-loop primers and U6 snRNA as the internal reference gene. Clinicopathological features were associated with miRNA expression levels. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was conducted using in silico tools. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was also obtained to discriminate survival-significant candidate miRNAs in CC, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic value. RESULTS Compared to HPV-positive cytologically normal Pap smear samples, hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p relative expression decreased significantly in HPV-positive patients with a severe dysplasia Pap smear. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significant association between the miR-194 decrease and poor CC survival. In essence, ROC curve analysis showed that miR-194-5p and miR-195-5p could serve as valuable markers for the development of cervix dysplasia in individuals who are positive for high-risk HPVs. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that hsa-miR-194-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p may possess tumor suppressor capabilities in the context of cervical dysplasia progression. However, it remains uncertain whether these microRNAs are implicated in the transition of patients with high dysplasia to cervical cancer. We also showed the potential capability of candidate miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers related to cervical dysplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Khajepour
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Zangouey
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bahram Abadi Nezhad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang G, Song S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. MicroRNA-322 overexpression reduces neural tube defects in diabetic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:254.e1-254.e13. [PMID: 37531989 PMCID: PMC10828117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia from pregestational diabetes mellitus induces neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Folate supplementation is the only effective way to prevent neural tube defects; however, some cases of neural tube defects are resistant to folate. Excess folate has been linked to higher maternal cancer risk and infant allergy. Therefore, additional interventions are needed. Understanding the mechanisms underlying maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects can identify potential targets for preventing such defects. Despite not yet being in clinical use, growing evidence suggests that microRNAs are important intermediates in embryonic development and can serve as both biomarkers and drug targets for disease intervention. Our previous studies showed that maternal diabetes mellitus in vivo activates the inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) in the developing embryo and that a high glucose condition in vitro reduces microRNA-322 (miR-322) levels. IRE1α is an RNA endonuclease; however, it is unknown whether IRE1α targets and degrades miR-322 specifically or whether miR-322 degradation leads to neural tube defects via apoptosis. We hypothesize that IRE1α can inhibit miR-322 in maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and that restoring miR-322 expression in developing neuroepithelium ameliorates neural tube defects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects and to investigate the roles and relationship of a microRNA and an RNA endonuclease in mouse embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN To determine whether miR-322 reduction is necessary for neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, male mice carrying a transgene expressing miR-322 were mated with nondiabetic or diabetic wide-type female mice to generate embryos with or without miR-322 overexpression. At embryonic day 8.5 when the neural tube is not yet closed, embryos were harvested for the assessment of 3 miR-322 transcripts (primary, precursor, and mature miR-322), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and neuroepithelium cell survival. Neural tube defect incidences were determined in embryonic day 10.5 embryos when the neural tube should be closed if there is no neural tube defect formation. To identify which miR-322 transcript is affected by maternal diabetes mellitus and high glucose conditions, 3 miR-322 transcripts were assessed in embryos from dams with or without diabetes mellitus and in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells treated with different concentrations of glucose and at different time points. To determine whether the endonuclease IRE1α targets miR-322, small interfering RNA knockdown of IRE1α or overexpression of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α by DNA plasmid transfection was used to determine the effect of IRE1α deficiency or overexpression on miR-322 expression. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to reveal the direct targets of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α. RESULTS Maternal diabetes mellitus suppressed miR-322 expression in the developing neuroepithelium. Restoring miR-322 expression in the neuroepithelium blocked maternal diabetes mellitus-induced caspase-3 and caspase-8 cleavage and cell apoptosis, leading to a neural tube defect reduction. Reversal of maternal diabetes mellitus-inhibited miR-322 via transgenic overexpression prevented TRAF3 up-regulation in embryos exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus. Activated IRE1α acted as an endonuclease and degraded precursor miR-322, resulting in mature miR-322 reduction. CONCLUSION This study supports the crucial role of the IRE1α-microRNA-TRAF3 circuit in the induction of neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and neural tube defect formation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and identifies IRE1α and miR-322 as potential targets for preventing maternal diabetes mellitus-induced neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shicong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Kp A, Kaliaperumal K, Sekar D. microRNAs and their therapeutic strategy in phase I and phase II clinical trials. Epigenomics 2024; 16:259-271. [PMID: 38312027 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play a crucial therapeutic role in diseases such as cancer, diabetes and viral infections, with around 1900 identified in the human genome. Some have progressed to clinical trials, and miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors are pivotal therapeutic molecules undergoing evaluation. The review delves into various miRNA-associated clinical trials, emphasizing their precision in targeting specific genes, modulating disease pathways and diagnostic potential. This underscores the importance of miRNA therapy, foreseeing innovations in precision medicine techniques for diverse diseases. The future envisions improved delivery systems addressing challenges like immunogenicity and digestion, while a comprehensive miRNA-based omics database could guide the development of tailored antisense miRNAs, further advancing precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Kp
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- Unit of Biomaterials Research, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
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Seyhan AA. Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1469. [PMID: 38338746 PMCID: PMC10855871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad of human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as a novel class of drugs. This has led to substantial investments in interdisciplinary research fields such as biology, chemistry, and medical science for the development of miRNA-based therapies. Furthermore, the recent global success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic has further revitalized interest in RNA-based immunotherapies, including miRNA-based approaches to cancer treatment. Consequently, RNA therapeutics have emerged as highly adaptable and modular options for cancer therapy. Moreover, advancements in RNA chemistry and delivery methods have been pivotal in shaping the landscape of RNA-based immunotherapy, including miRNA-based approaches. Consequently, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a resurgence of interest in incorporating RNA-based immunotherapies and miRNA therapeutics into their development programs. Despite substantial progress in preclinical research, the field of miRNA-based therapeutics remains in its early stages, with only a few progressing to clinical development, none reaching phase III clinical trials or being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and several facing termination due to toxicity issues. These setbacks highlight existing challenges that must be addressed for the broad clinical application of miRNA-based therapeutics. Key challenges include establishing miRNA sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity towards their intended targets, mitigating immunogenic reactions and off-target effects, developing enhanced methods for targeted delivery, and determining optimal dosing for therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Additionally, the limited understanding of the precise functions of miRNAs limits their clinical utilization. Moreover, for miRNAs to be viable for cancer treatment, they must be technically and economically feasible for the widespread adoption of RNA therapies. As a result, a thorough risk evaluation of miRNA therapeutics is crucial to minimize off-target effects, prevent overdosing, and address various other issues. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for various diseases is evident, and future investigations are essential to determine their applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Thi HV, Thi LAN, Tang TL, Chu DT. Biosafety and regulatory issues of RNA therapeutics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:311-329. [PMID: 38458742 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapy has recently emerged as a therapy targeting specific genes or proteins. With its outstanding advantages, this therapy has opened promising doors for treating and preventing diseases. The great application potential has driven the need for a comprehensive understanding of these therapies, particularly on biosafety and regulatory issues. This chapter began by discussing the risks to RNA therapy, such as off-target effects, immunogenicity and immune responses, and long-term effects. Since then, this therapy's intricate landscape of biosafety issues has been elucidated. Common biosecurity measures applied around the world have also been reviewed. In addition, this chapter emphasized the importance of regulations and laws in applying RNA therapy to prevent and treat human and animal diseases. At the same time, the current legal regulations in the world for RNA therapies have also been thoroughly discussed. To sum up, this chapter has provided a comprehensive perspective on biosafety and regulatory issues for developing RNA therapies. Understanding the biosafety and regulatory issues in RNA therapy can help researchers use this promising new technology safely and effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Linh Tang
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Gupta S, Parveen S. Potential role of microRNAs in personalized medicine against hepatitis: a futuristic approach. Arch Virol 2024; 169:33. [PMID: 38245876 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been the subject of extensive research for many years, primarily in the context of diseases such as cancer. However, our appreciation of their significance in viral infections, particularly in hepatitis, has increased due to the discovery of their association with both the host and the virus. Hepatitis is a major global health concern and can be caused by various viruses, including hepatitis A to E. This review highlights the key factors associated with miRNAs and their involvement in infections with various viruses that cause hepatitis. The review not only emphasizes the expression profiles of miRNAs in hepatitis but also puts a spotlight on their potential for diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. Ongoing extensive studies are propelling the therapeutic application of miRNAs, addressing both current limitations and potential strategies for the future of miRNAs in personalized medicine. Here, we discuss the potential of miRNAs to influence future medical research and an attempt to provide a thorough understanding of their diverse roles in hepatitis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Sahayasheela VJ, Sugiyama H. RNA G-quadruplex in functional regulation of noncoding RNA: Challenges and emerging opportunities. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:53-70. [PMID: 37909035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are stable, noncanonical structures formed in guanine (G)-rich sequences of DNA/RNA. G4 structures are reported to play a regulatory role in various cellular processes and, recently, a considerable number of studies have attributed new biological functions to these structures, especially in RNA. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which does not translate into a functional protein, is widely expressed and has been shown to play a key role in shaping cellular activity. There has been growing evidence of G4 formation in several ncRNA classes, and it has been identified as a key part for diverse biological functions and physio-pathological contexts in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review discusses RNA G4s (rG4s) in ncRNA, focusing on the molecular mechanism underlying its function. This review also aims to highlight potential and emerging opportunities to identify and target the rG4s in ncRNA to understand its function and, ultimately, treat many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh J Sahayasheela
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomaecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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dos Santos CC, Lopes-Pacheco M, English K, Rolandsson Enes S, Krasnodembskaya A, Rocco PRM. The MSC-EV-microRNAome: A Perspective on Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action in Sepsis and ARDS. Cells 2024; 13:122. [PMID: 38247814 PMCID: PMC10813908 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as innovative therapeutic agents for the treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although their potential remains undisputed in pre-clinical models, this has yet to be translated to the clinic. In this review, we focused on the role of microRNAs contained in MSC-derived EVs, the EV microRNAome, and their potential contribution to therapeutic mechanisms of action. The evidence that miRNA transfer in MSC-derived EVs has a role in the overall therapeutic effects is compelling. However, several questions remain regarding how to reconcile the stochiometric issue of the low copy numbers of the miRNAs present in the EV particles, how different miRNAs delivered simultaneously interact with their targets within recipient cells, and the best miRNA or combination of miRNAs to use as therapy, potency markers, and biomarkers of efficacy in the clinic. Here, we offer a molecular genetics and systems biology perspective on the function of EV microRNAs, their contribution to mechanisms of action, and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. dos Santos
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Center for Biomedical Research, Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Karen English
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland;
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSaúde, Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20020-000, Brazil
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Jones CH, Androsavich JR, So N, Jenkins MP, MacCormack D, Prigodich A, Welch V, True JM, Dolsten M. Breaking the mold with RNA-a "RNAissance" of life science. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38195675 PMCID: PMC10776758 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, RNA therapeutics have gone from being a promising concept to one of the most exciting frontiers in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The field is now entering what many call a renaissance or "RNAissance" which is being fueled by advances in genetic engineering and delivery systems to take on more ambitious development efforts. However, this renaissance is occurring at an unprecedented pace, which will require a different way of thinking if the field is to live up to its full potential. Recognizing this need, this article will provide a forward-looking perspective on the field of RNA medical products and the potential long-term innovations and policy shifts enabled by this revolutionary and game-changing technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina So
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | | | | | | | - Verna Welch
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jane M True
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
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