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Borah S, Borgohain R, Sangma R, Sharma NC, Mahanta P, Khanikor SB, Devi J. The Pattern of Bacterial Infections Among Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Cases at a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India. Cureus 2024; 16:e60371. [PMID: 38883034 PMCID: PMC11178411 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft, presenting with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic membrane perforation. The present study aims to assess the spectrum of bacterial infection among CSOM cases and detect the isolated organism's antibiotic sensitivity pattern. METHODS The prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022 and included 94 CSOM cases. An aural swab of the ear discharge was collected from each patient under aseptic precautions. The swab was utilized for Gram's staining and the aerobic bacterial pathogen culture. The organisms isolated were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS The most affected age group was the second decade of life (27.7%, n=26), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1. The mean duration of ear discharge was 24.0±14.7 months, mostly mucoid ear discharge (39.4%, n=37). Among gram-positive bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 16 (17.0%) cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most isolated gram-negative bacteria strain in 26 (27.7%) cases. Cotrimoxazole (67.7%, n=21) had the highest sensitivity towards gram-positive bacteria isolates. Amongst gram-negative bacteria, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive, with 78.0% (n=39) susceptibility. CONCLUSION Evaluating the spectrum of infecting organisms of CSOM and their antibiotic sensitivity may help initiate prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotic regimen, thereby preventing future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Otolaryngology, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, IND
| | - Rupanjita Sangma
- Otolaryngology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, IND
| | - Narayan C Sharma
- Pediatrics, PA Sangma International Medical College and Hospital, Khanapara, IND
| | - Putul Mahanta
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Nalbari Medical College and Hospital, Nalbari, IND
| | - Sudarshana B Khanikor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, Baridua, IND
| | - Jilimili Devi
- Biochemistry, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, IND
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2
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Abhishek K, Mohanta BK, Kumari P, Dixit A, Ramchander PV. GeMemiOM: the curated database on genes, putative methylation study targets, and microRNA targets for otitis media. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:260-263. [PMID: 37541384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kondyarpu Abhishek
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bineet Kumar Mohanta
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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3
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Kurabi A, Dewan K, Kerschner JE, Leichtle A, Li JD, Santa Maria PL, Preciado D. PANEL 3: Otitis media animal models, cell culture, tissue regeneration & pathophysiology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 176:111814. [PMID: 38101097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and summarize recently published key articles on the topics of animal models, cell culture studies, tissue biomedical engineering and regeneration, and new models in relation to otitis media (OM). DATA SOURCE Electronic databases: PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Ovid Medline. REVIEW METHODS Key topics were assigned to the panel participants for identification and detailed evaluation. The PubMed reviews were focused on the period from June 2019 to June 2023, in any of the objective subject(s) or keywords listed above, noting the relevant references relating to these advances with a global overview and noting areas of recommendation(s). The final manuscript was prepared with input from all panel members. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ex vivo and in vivo OM research models have seen great advancements in the past 4 years. From the usage of novel genetic and molecular tools to the refinement of in vivo inducible and spontaneous mouse models, to the introduction of a wide array of reliable middle ear epithelium (MEE) cell culture systems, the next five years are likely to experience exponential growth in OM pathophysiology discoveries. Moreover, advances in these systems will predictably facilitate rapid means for novel molecular therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kalyan Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph E Kerschner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diego Preciado
- Children's National Hospital, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Marom T, Swords WE, Santos-Cortez RLP. Editorial: Otitis media susceptibility due to genetic variants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1341669. [PMID: 38152651 PMCID: PMC10752497 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1341669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Marom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ashdod, Israel
| | - W. Edward Swords
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, Aurora, United States
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5
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Mansor MR, AL-Khalidi ZS, Almuhanna EH, Hussein HR, Almulla AF, Alnaji HA. Detection and Study nan1 and tox A genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Isolates from Otitis Media Patients Considered as Virulence Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.17.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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6
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Fons JM, Milmoe NJ, Dack MRG, Joshi L, Thompson H, Tucker AS. The interconnected relationships between middle ear bulla size, cavitation defects, and chronic otitis media revealed in a syndromic mouse model. Front Genet 2022; 13:933416. [PMID: 36299576 PMCID: PMC9590451 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.933416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidence of chronic otitis media is associated with human craniofacial syndromes, suggesting that defects in the formation of the middle ear and associated structures can have a knock-on effect on the susceptibility to middle ear inflammation. Patients with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome have several defects in the ear leading to both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss, including otitis media. 40% of BOR syndrome cases are due to Eya1 haploinsufficiency, with mouse models affecting Eya1, mimicking many of the defects found in patients. Here, we characterize the onset, consequences, and underlying causes of chronic otitis media in Eya1 heterozygous mice. Cavitation defects were evident in these mice from postnatal day (P)11 onwards, with mesenchyme around the promontory and attic regions of the middle ear space. This mesenchyme was still prominent in adult Eya1 heterozygous mice, while the wild-type littermates had fully aerated ears from P14 onwards. MicroCT analysis highlighted a significantly smaller bulla, confirming the link between bulla size defects and the ability of the mesenchyme to retract successfully. Otitis media was observed from P14, often presenting unilaterally, resulting in hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosa, expansion of secretory cells, defects in the motile cilia, and changes in basal epithelial cell markers. A high incidence of otitis media was identified in older mice but only associated with ears with retained mesenchyme. To understand the impact of the environment, the mouse line was rederived onto a super-clean environment. Cavitation defects were still evident at early stages, but these generally resolved over time, and importantly, no signs of otitis media were observed at 6 weeks. In conclusion, we show that a small bulla size is closely linked to defects in cavitation and the presence of retained mesenchyme. A delay in retraction of the mesenchyme predates the onset of otitis media, making the ears susceptible to its development. Early exposure to OM appears to exacerbate the cavitation defect, with mesenchyme evident in the middle ear throughout the animal’s life. This highlights that permanent damage to the middle ear can arise as a consequence of the early onset of OM.
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7
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Nielsen NS, Zarantonello A, Harwood SL, Jensen KT, Kjøge K, Thøgersen IB, Schauser L, Karlsen JL, Andersen GR, Enghild JJ. Cryo-EM structures of human A2ML1 elucidate the protease-inhibitory mechanism of the A2M family. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3033. [PMID: 35641520 PMCID: PMC9156758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A2ML1 is a monomeric protease inhibitor belonging to the A2M superfamily of protease inhibitors and complement factors. Here, we investigate the protease-inhibitory mechanism of human A2ML1 and determine the structures of its native and protease-cleaved conformations. The functional inhibitory unit of A2ML1 is a monomer that depends on covalent binding of the protease (mediated by A2ML1’s thioester) to achieve inhibition. In contrast to the A2M tetramer which traps proteases in two internal chambers formed by four subunits, in protease-cleaved monomeric A2ML1 disordered regions surround the trapped protease and may prevent substrate access. In native A2ML1, the bait region is threaded through a hydrophobic channel, suggesting that disruption of this arrangement by bait region cleavage triggers the extensive conformational changes that result in protease inhibition. Structural comparisons with complement C3/C4 suggest that the A2M superfamily of proteins share this mechanism for the triggering of conformational change occurring upon proteolytic activation. A2ML1 is a human protease inhibitor belonging to the A2M protein family. In this study, the authors determine structures of A2ML1 before and after protease inhibition and investigate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Zarantonello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Kjøge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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8
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Sonodynamic Therapy Exciting the Herbal Nanocomposite with Spider-web-like Effect to Combat Otitis Media. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Elling CL, Scholes MA, Streubel SO, Larson ED, Wine TM, Bootpetch TC, Yoon PJ, Kofonow JM, Gubbels SP, Cass SP, Robertson CE, Jenkins HA, Prager JD, Frank DN, Chan KH, Friedman NR, Ryan AF, Santos-Cortez RLP. The FUT2 Variant c.461G>A (p.Trp154*) Is Associated With Differentially Expressed Genes and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Shifts in Patients With Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:798246. [PMID: 35096646 PMCID: PMC8798324 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.798246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a leading cause of childhood hearing loss. Variants in FUT2, which encodes alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase, were identified to increase susceptibility to OM, potentially through shifts in the middle ear (ME) or nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiotas as mediated by transcriptional changes. Greater knowledge of differences in relative abundance of otopathogens in carriers of pathogenic variants can help determine risk for OM in patients. In order to determine the downstream effects of FUT2 variation, we examined gene expression in relation to carriage of a common pathogenic FUT2 c.461G>A (p.Trp154*) variant using RNA-sequence data from saliva samples from 28 patients with OM. Differential gene expression was also examined in bulk mRNA and single-cell RNA-sequence data from wildtype mouse ME mucosa after inoculation with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). In addition, microbiotas were profiled from ME and NP samples of 65 OM patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In human carriers of the FUT2 variant, FN1, KMT2D, MUC16 and NBPF20 were downregulated while MTAP was upregulated. Post-infectious expression in the mouse ME recapitulated these transcriptional differences, with the exception of Fn1 upregulation after NTHi-inoculation. In the NP, Candidate Division TM7 was associated with wildtype genotype (FDR-adj-p=0.009). Overall, the FUT2 c.461G>A variant was associated with transcriptional changes in processes related to response to infection and with increased load of potential otopathogens in the ME and decreased commensals in the NP. These findings provide increased understanding of how FUT2 variants influence gene transcription and the mucosal microbiota, and thus contribute to the pathology of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Elling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa A. Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sven-Olrik Streubel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd M. Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tori C. Bootpetch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Patricia J. Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Kofonow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samuel P. Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen P. Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Herman A. Jenkins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kenny H. Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Norman R. Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, San Diego School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Center for Children’s Surgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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10
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Mulay A, Chowdhury MMK, James CT, Bingle L, Bingle CD. The transcriptional landscape of the cultured murine middle ear epithelium in vitro. Biol Open 2021; 10:258492. [PMID: 33913472 PMCID: PMC8084567 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is the most common paediatric disease and leads to significant morbidity. Although understanding of underlying disease mechanisms is hampered by complex pathophysiology, it is clear that epithelial abnormalities underpin the disease. The mechanisms underpinning epithelial remodelling in OM remain unclear. We recently described a novel in vitro model of mouse middle ear epithelial cells (mMEECs) that undergoes mucociliary differentiation into the varied epithelial cell populations seen in the middle ear cavity. We now describe genome wide gene expression profiles of mMEECs as they undergo differentiation. We compared the gene expression profiles of original (uncultured) middle ear cells, confluent cultures of undifferentiated cells and cells that had been differentiated for 7 days at an air liquid interface (ALI). >5000 genes were differentially expressed among the three groups of cells. Approximately 4000 genes were differentially expressed between the original cells and day 0 of ALI culture. The original cell population was shown to contain a mix of cell types, including contaminating inflammatory cells that were lost on culture. Approximately 500 genes were upregulated during ALI induced differentiation. These included some secretory genes and some enzymes but most were associated with the process of ciliogenesis. The data suggest that the in vitro model of differentiated murine middle ear epithelium exhibits a transcriptional profile consistent with the mucociliary epithelium seen within the middle ear. Knowledge of the transcriptional landscape of this epithelium will provide a basis for understanding the phenotypic changes seen in murine models of OM. Summary: This paper presents a genome wide transcriptional analysis of murine middle ear epithelial cells as they undergo differentiation to a mucociliary phenotype representative of the native middle ear epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Mulay
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Md Miraj K Chowdhury
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Cameron T James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lynne Bingle
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S102TN, UK
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11
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Kondyarpu A, Ray CS, Panda KC, Biswal NC, Ramchander PV. Association of ISL1 polymorphisms and eosinophilic levels among otitis media patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23702. [PMID: 33476445 PMCID: PMC7957994 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Otitis media (OM) is a middle ear inflammatory complex disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. It onsets during childhood and often recurs and perplexes in genetically susceptible patients. Previously, murine models had shown the association of ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1) gene with otitis media with effusion. Aim To investigate the association of ISL1 genetic variants with otitis media. Subjects and methods A total of 285 cases and 277 controls were recruited for the study. The entire coding region of ISL1 gene was genotyped using Sanger sequencing or single‐strand conformation polymorphism methods. Genotype, haplotype, in silico analysis, and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed. Results The variants rs2303751 (c.504A>G) and rs121913540 (c.513G>A) were associated with OM, and the OR (95%CI) was 0.74 (0.57–0.95) and 0.43 (0.20–0.91), respectively. Besides, the rs2303751 AA genotype was associated with elevated eosinophil numbers in OM when compared to controls. The 5 SNP haplotype analysis of SNPs c.‐492A>G, c.504A>G, c.513G>A, c.576C>T, and c.*651A>T revealed A‐A‐G‐C‐A to be a risk haplotype in females whereas the 3 SNP haplotype analysis of SNPs c.504A>G, c.513G>A, and c.567C>T suggested G‐A‐C as protective and A‐G‐C to be a risk haplotype for otitis media. Conclusion Ours is the first report which shows a significant association of ISL1 variants (rs2303751 and rs121913540) with hearing‐related disorder like otitis media in humans. These results implicate the possible role of ISL1 gene in the etiopathology of otitis media. The replication of the study in other ethnic populations may strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinmay Sundar Ray
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Shrirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | - Khirod Chandra Panda
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Shrirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, India
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12
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Ura B, Celsi F, Zupin L, Arrigoni G, Battisti I, Gaita B, Grasso DL, Orzan E, Sagredini R, Barbi E, Crovella S. Proteomic Study Identifies Glycolytic and Inflammation Pathways Involved in Recurrent Otitis Media. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239291. [PMID: 33291465 PMCID: PMC7731350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) in children is clinically defined as the occurrence of at least three episodes of acute otitis media over a course of 6 months. A further common pathological condition of interest in the context of pediatric otolaryngology is adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH), a common cause of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Aimed at unraveling the differential modulation of proteins in the two pathologies and at understanding the possible pathways involved in their onset, we analyzed the proteomic profile of the adenoids from 14 RAOM and ATH patients by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). The 2-DE coupled with MS allowed us to identify 23 spots with significant (p-value < 0.05) changes in protein amount, recognizing proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and glycolysis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-390403785216
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Bartolomea Gaita
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Domenico Leonardo Grasso
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Eva Orzan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Raffaella Sagredini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 65/1 Via dell’Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (B.U.); (L.Z.); (B.G.); (D.L.G.); (E.O.); (R.S.); (E.B.)
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University—Women′s College of Sciences Building, Doha 2713, Qatar;
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Ankamreddy H, Bok J, Groves AK. Uncovering the secreted signals and transcription factors regulating the development of mammalian middle ear ossicles. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1410-1424. [PMID: 33058336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of ossicles, the malleus, incus, and stapes that act as an impedance matching device during the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. These ossicles are derived from cranial neural crest cells that undergo endochondral ossification and subsequently differentiate into their final functional forms. Defects that occur during middle ear development can result in conductive hearing loss. In this review, we summarize studies describing the crucial roles played by signaling molecules such as sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, notch ligands, and chemokines during the differentiation of neural crest into the middle ear ossicles. In addition to these cell-extrinsic signals, we also discuss studies on the function of transcription factor genes such as Foxi3, Tbx1, Bapx1, Pou3f4, and Gsc in regulating the development and morphology of the middle ear ossicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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