1
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Chulkina M, Rohmer C, McAninch S, Panganiban RP, Villéger R, Portolese A, Ciocirlan J, Yang W, Cohen C, Koltun W, Valentine JF, Cong Y, Yochum G, Beswick EJ, Pinchuk IV. Increased Activity of MAPKAPK2 within Mesenchymal Cells as a Target for Inflammation-Associated Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:1147-1161. [PMID: 38224550 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells are suggested to play a critical role in Crohn's disease [CD]-associated fibrosis. MAPKAPK2 [MK2] has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to reduce inflammation in CD. However, the cell-specific pattern of phospho-MK2 activation and its role in CD-associated fibrosis are unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cell-specific changes in MK2 activity between predominantly inflammatory CD vs CD with fibrotic complications and define the role of stromal cell-specific MK2 activation in CD-associated fibrosis. METHODS CD tissue, CD tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells known as myo-/fibroblasts [CD-MFs], and fibroblast-specific MK2 conditional knockout [KO] mice were used. RESULTS In the inflamed area of predominantly inflammatory CD, high MK2 activity was equally distributed between mesenchymal and haematopoietic cells. By contrast, in CD with fibrotic complications, high MK2 activity was mostly associated with mesenchymal stromal cells. Using ex vivo CD tissue explants and an IL-10KO murine colitis model, we demonstrated that pro-fibrotic responses are significantly reduced by treatment with the MK2 inhibitor PF-3644022. Inhibition of MK2 activity in primary cultures of CD-MFs significantly reduced basal and TGF-β1-induced profibrotic responses. Using fibroblast-specific MK2 knockout mice in chronic dextran saline sulphate colitis, we demonstrated that fibroblast intrinsic MK2 signalling is among the key processes involved in the chronic inflammation-induced profibrotic responses. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that activation of MK2 within fibroblasts contributes to the chronic inflammation-induced fibrosis in CD and that targeting MK2 has potential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Chulkina
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christina Rohmer
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Steven McAninch
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Austin Portolese
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Justin Ciocirlan
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claire Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John F Valentine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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2
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Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Mouratidou N, Düking T, Padhi A, Moll K, Czarnewski P, Sinha I, Xagoraris I, Kokkinou E, Damdimopoulos A, Weigel W, Hartwig O, Santos TE, Soini T, Van Acker A, Rahkonen N, Flodström Tullberg M, Ringqvist E, Buggert M, Jorns C, Lindforss U, Nordenvall C, Stamper CT, Unnersjö-Jess D, Akber M, Nadisauskaite R, Jansson J, Vandamme N, Sorini C, Grundeken ME, Rolandsdotter H, Rassidakis G, Villablanca EJ, Ideström M, Eulitz S, Arnell H, Mjösberg J, Henter JI, Svensson M. Intestinal stroma guides monocyte differentiation to macrophages through GM-CSF. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1752. [PMID: 38409190 PMCID: PMC10897309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells support epithelial cell and immune cell homeostasis and play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Here, we quantify the stromal response to inflammation in pediatric IBD and reveal subset-specific inflammatory responses across colon segments and intestinal layers. Using data from a murine dynamic gut injury model and human ex vivo transcriptomic, protein and spatial analyses, we report that PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages co-localize in the intestine. In primary human fibroblast-monocyte co-cultures, intestinal PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts foster monocyte transition to CCR2+CD206+ macrophages through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte-derived CCR2+CD206+ cells from co-cultures have a phenotype similar to intestinal CCR2+CD206+ macrophages from newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, with high levels of PD-L1 and low levels of GM-CSF receptor. The study describes subset-specific changes in stromal responses to inflammation and suggests that the intestinal stroma guides intestinal macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Mouratidou
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Düking
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Avinash Padhi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Moll
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Xagoraris
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis Core Facility, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Whitney Weigel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tea Soini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline Van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Tech Watch, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nelly Rahkonen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström Tullberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher T Stamper
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruta Nadisauskaite
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Jansson
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marijke Elise Grundeken
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Rolandsdotter
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Eulitz
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Tearle JLE, Tang A, Vasanthakumar A, James KR. Role reversals: non-canonical roles for immune and non-immune cells in the gut. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:137-146. [PMID: 37967720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is home to an intertwined network of epithelial, immune, and neuronal cells as well as the microbiome, with implications for immunity, systemic metabolism, and behavior. While the complexity of this microenvironment has long since been acknowledged, recent technological advances have propelled our understanding to an unprecedented level. Notably, the microbiota and non-immune or structural cells have emerged as important conductors of intestinal immunity, and by contrast, cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems have demonstrated non-canonical roles in tissue repair and metabolism. This review highlights recent works in the following two streams: non-immune cells of the intestine performing immunological functions; and traditional immune cells exhibiting non-immune functions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L E Tearle
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adelynn Tang
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kylie R James
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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4
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Brügger MD, Basler K. The diverse nature of intestinal fibroblasts in development, homeostasis, and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:834-849. [PMID: 37080817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Only in recent years have we begun to appreciate the involvement of fibroblasts in intestinal development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. These insights followed the advent of single-cell transcriptomics that allowed researchers to explore the heterogeneity of intestinal fibroblasts in unprecedented detail. Since researchers often defined cell types and their associated function based on the biological process they studied, there are a plethora of partially overlapping markers for different intestinal fibroblast populations. This ambiguity complicates putting different research findings into context. Here, we provide a census on the function and identity of intestinal fibroblasts in mouse and human. We propose a simplified framework consisting of three colonic and four small intestinal fibroblast populations to aid navigating the diversity of intestinal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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5
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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6
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Cavagnero KJ, Gallo RL. Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058862. [PMID: 36591258 PMCID: PMC9797514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fibroblast has been used generally to describe spindle-shaped stromal cells of mesenchymal origin that produce extracellular matrix, establish tissue structure, and form scar. Current evidence has found that cells with this morphology are highly heterogeneous with some fibroblastic cells actively participating in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung now show that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals to elicit host defense functions including antimicrobial activity, leukocyte recruitment, and production of cytokines and lipid mediators relevant to inflammation and immunosuppression. This review will synthesize current literature focused on the innate immune functions performed by fibroblasts at barrier tissues to highlight the previously unappreciated importance of these cells in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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7
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Wang Q, Lin W, Zhou X, Lei K, Xu R, Zhang X, Xiong Q, Sheng R, Song W, Liu W, Wang Q, Yuan Q. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Gingival Mucosa in Type 2 Diabetes. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1654-1664. [PMID: 35656582 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221092752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral gingival barrier is a constantly stimulated and dynamic environment where homeostasis is often disrupted, resulting in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be associated with gingival barrier dysfunction, but the effect and underlying mechanism are inconclusive. Herein, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of gingiva from leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db) to examine the gingival heterogeneity in the context of T2D. Periodontal health of control mice is characterized by populations of Krt14+-expressing epithelial cells and Col1a1+-fibroblasts mediating immune homeostasis primarily through the enrichment of innate lymphoid cells. The db/db gingiva exhibited decreased epithelial/stromal ratio and dysfunctional barrier. We further observed stromal, particularly fibroblast immune hyperresponsiveness, linked to the recruitment of myeloid-derived cells at the db/db gingiva. Both scRNA-seq and histological analysis suggested the inflammatory signaling between fibroblasts and neutrophils as a potential driver of diabetes-induced periodontal damage. Notably, the "immune-like" stromal cells were wired toward the induction of gingival γδ T hyperresponsiveness in db/db mice. Our work reveals that the "immune-like" fibroblasts with transcriptional diversity are involved in the innate immune homeostasis at the diabetic gingiva. It highlights a potentially significant role of these cell types in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - K Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Tissue Niches Formed by Intestinal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Mucosal Homeostasis and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095181. [PMID: 35563571 PMCID: PMC9100044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest mucosal surface in our body and accommodates the majority of the total lymphocyte population. Being continuously exposed to both harmless antigens and potentially threatening pathogens, the intestinal mucosa requires the integration of multiple signals for balancing immune responses. This integration is certainly supported by tissue-resident intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), yet the molecular mechanisms whereby IMCs contribute to these events remain largely undefined. Recent studies using single-cell profiling technologies indicated a previously unappreciated heterogeneity of IMCs and provided further knowledge which will help to understand dynamic interactions between IMCs and hematopoietic cells of the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the immunological functions of IMCs: On one hand, we discuss the steady-state interactions of IMCs with epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells. On the other hand, we summarize our current knowledge about the contribution of IMCs to the development of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and fibrosis. By providing a comprehensive list of cytokines and chemokines produced by IMCs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, we highlight the significant immunomodulatory and tissue niche forming capacities of IMCs.
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9
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Arinda BN, Innabi YA, Grasis JA, Oviedo NJ. Non-traditional roles of immune cells in regeneration: an evolutionary perspective. Development 2022; 149:275269. [PMID: 35502784 PMCID: PMC9124569 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are known to engage in pathogen defense. However, emerging research has revealed additional roles for immune cells, which are independent of their function in the immune response. Here, we underscore the ability of cells outside of the adaptive immune system to respond to recurring infections through the lens of evolution and cellular memory. With this in mind, we then discuss the bidirectional crosstalk between the immune cells and stem cells and present examples where these interactions regulate tissue repair and regeneration. We conclude by suggesting that comprehensive analyses of the immune system may enable biomedical applications in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl N Arinda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.,Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Yacoub A Innabi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.,Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Juris A Grasis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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10
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Rajaiya J, Saha A, Zhou X, Chodosh J. Human Adenovirus Species D Interactions with Corneal Stromal Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:2505. [PMID: 34960773 PMCID: PMC8709199 DOI: 10.3390/v13122505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notable among the many communicable agents known to infect the human cornea is the human adenovirus, with less than ten adenoviruses having corneal tropism out of more than 100 known types. The syndrome of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), caused principally by human adenovirus, presents acutely with epithelial keratitis, and later with stromal keratitis that can be chronic and recurrent. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular biology of adenovirus infection of corneal stromal cells, among which the fibroblast-like keratocyte is the most predominant, in order to elucidate basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of stromal keratitis in the human patient with EKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Rajaiya
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.S.); (X.Z.)
| | | | | | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.S.); (X.Z.)
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11
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Waddell A, Vallance JE, Fox S, Rosen MJ. IL-33 is produced by colon fibroblasts and differentially regulated in acute and chronic murine colitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9575. [PMID: 33953267 PMCID: PMC8100152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is upregulated in ulcerative colitis and has a protective role in chemically-induced acute murine colitis. We aimed to determine whether IL-33 influences Il10-/- chronic colitis and its cellular source in health and during colitis. Il10-/-Il33-/- and Il10-/-Il33+/+ littermates developed colitis of similar severity. Colon Il33 was induced in WT and Il10-/- mice exposed to DSS, but not in unchallenged Il10-/- mice with colitis. Il33-citrine reporter mice showed that Il33-citrine colocalized with α-smooth muscle actin+ myofibroblasts and vimentin+ fibroblasts in WT mice. Citrine+CD74+CD90hi inflammatory fibroblasts were increased with DSS treatment. IL-1β induced Il33 expression in colon myofibroblasts, but colon Il33 expression did not differ between DSS-treated WT and Il1r1-/- mice. In conclusion, deficiency of IL-33 does not alter the severity of chronic colitis in Il10-/- mice. Induction of Il33 upon DSS exposure in WT and Il10-/- mice, but not in unchallenged Il10-/- mice, suggests epithelial injury induces colon IL-33. Fibroblasts are the primary colonic source of IL-33 and IL-33-expressing CD90hiCD74+ fibroblasts are increased during DSS-induced colitis. IL-1β induces Il33 in colon myofibroblasts in vitro, but signaling through the IL-1R1 is not necessary for induction of IL-33 in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Waddell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jefferson E Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sejal Fox
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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12
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Barnhoorn MC, Hakuno SK, Bruckner RS, Rogler G, Hawinkels LJAC, Scharl M. Stromal Cells in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:995-1009. [PMID: 32160284 PMCID: PMC7392167 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Up till now, research on inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has mainly been focused on the immune cells present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, recent insights indicate that stromal cells also play an important and significant role in IBD pathogenesis. Stromal cells in the intestines regulate both intestinal epithelial and immune cell homeostasis. Different subsets of stromal cells have been found to play a role in other inflammatory diseases [e.g. rheumatoid arthritis], and these various stromal subsets now appear to carry out also specific functions in the inflamed gut in IBD. Novel potential therapies for IBD utilize, as well as target, these pathogenic stromal cells. Injection of mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs] into fistula tracts of Crohn's disease patients is already approved and used in clinical settings. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the role of stromal cells in IBD pathogenesis. We further outline recent attempts to modify the stromal compartment in IBD with agents that target or replace the pathogenic stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr Michael Scharl, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland. Tel: 41 44 255 3419; Fax: 41 44 255 9497;
| | - S K Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R S Bruckner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Aguirre JE, Beswick EJ, Grim C, Uribe G, Tafoya M, Chacon Palma G, Samedi V, McKee R, Villeger R, Fofanov Y, Cong Y, Yochum G, Koltun W, Powell D, Pinchuk IV. Matrix metalloproteinases cleave membrane-bound PD-L1 on CD90+ (myo-)fibroblasts in Crohn's disease and regulate Th1/Th17 cell responses. Int Immunol 2020; 32:57-68. [PMID: 31633754 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased T helper (Th)1/Th17 immune responses are a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD) immunopathogenesis. CD90+ (myo-)fibroblasts (MFs) are abundant cells in the normal (N) intestinal mucosa contributing to mucosal tolerance via suppression of Th1 cell activity through cell surface membrane-bound PD-L1 (mPD-L1). CD-MFs have a decreased level of mPD-L1. Consequently, mPD-L1-mediated suppression of Th1 cells by CD-MFs is decreased, yet the mechanism responsible for the reduction in mPDL-1 is unknown. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been reported in CD. Herein we observed that when compared to N- and ulcerative colitis (UC)-MFs, CD-MFs increase in LPS-inducible levels of MMP-7 and -9 with a significant increase in both basal and inducible MMP-10. A similar pattern of MMP expression was observed in the CD-inflamed mucosa. Treatment of N-MFs with a combination of recombinant human MMP-7, -9 and -10 significantly decreased mPD-L1. In contrast, inhibition of MMP activity with MMP inhibitors or anti-MMP-10 neutralizing antibodies restores mPD-L1 on CD-MFs. CD-MFs demonstrated reduced capacity to suppress Th1 and Th17 responses from activated CD4+ T cells. By contrast, supplementation of the CD-MF:T-cell co-cultures with MMP inhibitors or anti-MMP neutralizing antibodies restored the CD-MF-mediated suppression. Our data suggest that (i) increased MMP-10 expression by CD-MFs and concomitant cleavage of PD-L1 from the surface of CD-MFs are likely to be one of the factors contributing to the decrease of mPD-L1-mediated suppression of Th1/Th17 cells in CD; and (ii) MMPs are likely to have a significant role in the intestinal mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Aguirre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carl Grim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Uribe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Marissa Tafoya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Von Samedi
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rohini McKee
- Department of Surgery at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Romain Villeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuriy Fofanov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Don Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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14
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NOD2 modulates immune tolerance via the GM-CSF-dependent generation of CD103 + dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10946-10957. [PMID: 32350141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912866117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four decades ago, it was identified that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan-derived bacterial cell wall component, could display immunosuppressive functions in animals through mechanisms that remain unexplored. We sought to revisit these pioneering observations because mutations in NOD2, the gene encoding the host sensor of MDP, are associated with increased risk of developing the inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease, thus suggesting that the loss of the immunomodulatory functions of NOD2 could contribute to the development of inflammatory disease. Here, we demonstrate that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of MDP triggered regulatory T cells and the accumulation of a population of tolerogenic CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen. This was found to occur not through direct sensing of MDP by DCs themselves, but rather via the production of the cytokine GM-CSF, another factor with an established regulatory role in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that populations of CD103-expressing DCs in the gut lamina propria are enhanced by the activation of NOD2, indicating that MDP sensing plays a critical role in shaping the immune response to intestinal antigens by promoting a tolerogenic environment via manipulation of DC populations.
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15
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Schröder A, Nazet U, Muschter D, Grässel S, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Impact of Mechanical Load on the Expression Profile of Synovial Fibroblasts from Patients with and without Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030585. [PMID: 30704030 PMCID: PMC6387339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects the integrity of the entire joint including the synovium. The most abundant cells in the synovium are fibroblasts (SF). Excessive mechanical loading might contribute to OA pathogenesis. Here, we investigate the effects of mechanical loading on SF derived from non-OA (N-SF) and OA patients (OA-SF). We treated N-SF and OA-SF with or without mechanical loading for 48h after 24h of preincubation. Then we assessed gene and protein expression of proinflammatory factors (TNFα, COX-2, PG-E2, IL-6), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (COL1, FN1) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) via RT-qPCR, ELISA, DMMB assay and HPLC. Mechanical loading significantly increased TNFα and PG-E2 secretion by N-SF and OA-SF, whereas in OA-SF IL-6 secretion was reduced. COL1 and FN1 secretion were downregulated in N-SF during loading. OA-SF secreted less COL1 compared to N-SF under control conditions. In contrast, OA-SF in general expressed more FN1. GAG synthesis was upregulated in N-SF, but not in OA-SF during loading with OA-SF displaying a higher charge density than N-SF. Mechanical loading enhanced proinflammatory factor expression and GAG synthesis and decreased secretion of ECM components in N-SFs, indicating a contributing role of SF to OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Nazet
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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16
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Hamada A, Torre C, Drancourt M, Ghigo E. Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3225. [PMID: 30692968 PMCID: PMC6340064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Trained immunity” is a term proposed by Netea to describe the ability of an organism to develop an exacerbated immunological response to protect against a second infection independent of the adaptative immunity. This immunological memory can last from 1 week to several months and is only described in innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Paradoxically, the lifespan of these cells in the blood is shorter than the duration of trained immunity. This observation suggested that trained immunity could be carried by long lifespan cells such as stem cells and non-immune cells like fibroblasts. It is now evident that in addition to performing their putative function in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, non-immune cells also play an important role in the response to pathogens by producing anti-microbial factors, with long-term inflammation suggesting that non-immune cells can be trained to confer long-lasting immunological memory. This review provides a summary of the current relevant knowledge about the cells which possess immunological memory and discusses the possibility that non-immune cells may carry immunological memory and mechanisms that might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attoumani Hamada
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Torre
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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17
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West NR, Owens BMJ, Hegazy AN. The oncostatin M-stromal cell axis in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12694. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Genentech; South San Francisco California
| | - Benjamin M. J. Owens
- Somerville College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- EUSA Pharma; Hemel Hempstead UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology; Charité Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum; ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Berlin Germany
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18
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Beswick EJ, Grim C, Singh A, Aguirre JE, Tafoya M, Qiu S, Rogler G, McKee R, Samedi V, Ma TY, Reyes VE, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 by Human Colonic CD90 + Stromal Cells Differs Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease and Determines Their Capacity to Suppress Th1 Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1125. [PMID: 29910803 PMCID: PMC5992387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands in the dysregulation of T helper immune responses observed in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. Recently, a novel concept emerged that CD90+ colonic (myo)fibroblasts (CMFs), also known as stromal cells, act as immunosuppressors, and are among the key regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine if the level of the PD-1 ligands is changed in the IBD inflamed colonic mucosa and to test the hypothesis that changes in IBD-CMF-mediated PD-1 ligand-linked immunosuppression is a mechanism promoting the dysregulation of Th1 cell responses. Methods Tissues and cells derived from Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy individuals (N) were studied in situ, ex vivo, and in culture. Results A significant increase in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was observed in the inflamed UC colonic mucosa when compared to the non-inflamed matched tissue samples, CD, and healthy controls. UC-CMFs were among the major populations in the colonic mucosa contributing to the enhanced PD-L1 expression. In contrast, PD-L1 expression was decreased in CD-CMFs. When compared to CD-CMFs and N-CMFs, UC-CMFs demonstrated stronger suppression of IL-2, Th1 transcriptional factor Tbet, and IFN-γ expression by CD3/CD28-activated CD4+ T cells, and this process was PD-L1 dependent. Similar observations were made when differentiated Th1 cells were cocultured with UC-CMFs. In contrast, CD-CMFs showed reduced capacity to suppress Th1 cell activity and addition of recombinant PD-L1 Fc to CD-CMF:T cell cocultures partially restored the suppression of the Th1 type responses. Conclusion We present evidence showing that increased PD-L1 expression suppresses Th1 cell activity in UC. In contrast, loss of PD-L1 expression observed in CD contributes to the persistence of the Th1 inflammatory milieu in CD. Our data suggest that dysregulation of the Th1 responses in the inflamed colonic mucosa of IBD patients is promoted by the alterations in PD-L1 expression in the mucosal mesenchymal stromal cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Carl Grim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Abinav Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jose E Aguirre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Marissa Tafoya
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rohini McKee
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Von Samedi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Victor E Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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19
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Salla M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Danmaliki GI, Zare A, Said A, Moore J, Pandya V, Manaloor R, Fong S, Blankstein AR, Gibson SB, Garcia LR, Meier P, Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP, Fiteh Y, Vliagoftis H, Goping IS, Brocks D, Hwang P, Velázquez-Martínez CA, Baksh S. Identification and Characterization of Novel Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 Inhibitors Using Structural Similarity Analysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:354-367. [PMID: 29555876 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2 or RICK, herein referred to as RIPK2) is linked to the pathogen pathway that activates nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and autophagic activation. Using molecular modeling (docking) and chemoinformatics analyses, we used the RIPK2/ponatinib crystal structure and searched in chemical databases for small molecules exerting binding interactions similar to those exerted by ponatinib. The identified RIPK2 inhibitors potently inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by > 70% and also inhibited NFκB activity. More importantly, in vivo inhibition of intestinal and lung inflammation rodent models suggests effectiveness to resolve inflammation with low toxicity to the animals. Thus, our identified RIPK2 inhibitor may offer possible therapeutic control of inflammation in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Gaddafi I Danmaliki
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Alaa Zare
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ahmed Said
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Jack Moore
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Vrajeshkumar Pandya
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Robin Manaloor
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Sunny Fong
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Anna R Blankstein
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Laura Ramos Garcia
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Pascal Meier
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Yahya Fiteh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Dion Brocks
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Peter Hwang
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Carlos A Velázquez-Martínez
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
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20
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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and colorectal cancer: a troublesome twosome for the anti-tumour immune response? Oncotarget 2018; 7:60752-60774. [PMID: 27542276 PMCID: PMC5312417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important factor in determining the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and can aid tumours by both establishing an immunosuppressive milieu, allowing the tumour avoid immune clearance, and by hampering the efficacy of various therapeutic regimens. The tumour microenvironment is composed of many cell types including tumour, stromal, endothelial and immune cell populations. It is widely accepted that cells present in the TME acquire distinct functional phenotypes that promote tumorigenesis. One such cell type is the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC). Evidence suggests that MSCs exert effects in the colorectal tumour microenvironment including the promotion of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. MSCs immunomodulatory capacity may represent another largely unexplored central feature of MSCs tumour promoting capacity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that MSCs and their secreted factors can influence the innate and adaptive immune responses. MSC-immune cell interactions can skew the proliferation and functional activity of T-cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, which could favour tumour growth and enable tumours to evade immune cell clearance. A better understanding of the interactions between the malignant cancer cell and stromal components of the TME is key to the development of more specific and efficacious therapies for colorectal cancer. Here, we review and explore MSC- mediated mechanisms of suppressing anti-tumour immune responses in the colon tumour microenvironment. Elucidation of the precise mechanism of immunomodulation exerted by tumour-educated MSCs is critical to inhibiting immunosuppression and immune evasion established by the TME, thus providing an opportunity for targeted and efficacious immunotherapy for colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.
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21
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Pinchuk IV, Powell DW. Immunosuppression by Intestinal Stromal Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1060:115-129. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78127-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Kurashima Y, Yamamoto D, Nelson S, Uematsu S, Ernst PB, Nakayama T, Kiyono H. Mucosal Mesenchymal Cells: Secondary Barrier and Peripheral Educator for the Gut Immune System. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1787. [PMID: 29321781 PMCID: PMC5733542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal connective tissue contains mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which line the tissue structure. However, it has been identified that the function of mesenchymal cells is not just structural-they also play critical roles in the creation and regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Thus, mucosal mesenchymal cells instruct intestinal immune cell education (or peripheral immune education) and epithelial cell differentiation thereby shaping the local environment of the mucosal immune system. Malfunction of the mesenchymal cell-mediated instruction system (e.g., fibrosis) leads to pathological conditions such as intestinal stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean Nelson
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, Unites States
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, Unites States.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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23
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Buechler MB, Turley SJ. A short field guide to fibroblast function in immunity. Semin Immunol 2017; 35:48-58. [PMID: 29198601 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs, or fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), are gate-keepers of immune responses. Here, we frame how these cells regulate immune responses via a three-part scheme in which FRC can setup, support or suppress immune responses. We also review how fibroblasts from non-lymphoid tissues influence immunity and highlight how they resemble and differ from FRC. Overall, we aim to focus attention on the emerging roles of lymphoid tissue and non-lymphoid tissue fibroblasts in control of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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24
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Abstract
Stromal cells like synovial fibroblasts gained great interest over the years, since it has become clear that they strongly influence their environment and neighbouring cells. The current review describes the role of synovial fibroblasts as cells of the innate immune system and expands on their involvement in inflammation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Furthermore, epigenetic changes in RA synovial fibroblasts and studies that focused on the identification of different subsets of synovial fibroblasts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ospelt
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Kim D, Seo SU, Zeng MY, Kim WU, Kamada N, Inohara N, Núñez G. Mesenchymal Cell-Specific MyD88 Signaling Promotes Systemic Dissemination of Salmonella Typhimurium via Inflammatory Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1362-1371. [PMID: 28674182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteric pathogens including Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium can breach the epithelial barrier of the host and spread to systemic tissues. In response to infection, the host activates innate immune receptors via the signaling molecule MyD88, which induces protective inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Most of these innate immune responses have been studied in hematopoietic cells, but the role of MyD88 signaling in other cell types remains poorly understood. Surprisingly, we found that Dermo1-Cre;Myd88fl/fl mice with mesenchymal cell-specific deficiency of MyD88 were less susceptible to orogastric and i.p. STyphimurium infection than their Myd88fl/fl littermates. The reduced susceptibility of Dermo1-Cre;Myd88fl/fl mice to infection was associated with lower loads of S. Typhimurium in the liver and spleen. Mutant analyses revealed that S. Typhimurium employs its virulence type III secretion system 2 to promote its growth through MyD88 signaling pathways in mesenchymal cells. Inflammatory monocytes function as a major cell population for systemic dissemination of S. Typhimurium Mechanistically, mesenchymal cell-specific MyD88 signaling promoted CCL2 production in the liver and spleen and recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to systemic organs in response to STyphimurium infection. Consistently, MyD88 signaling in mesenchymal cells enhanced the number of phagocytes including Ly6ChiLy6G- inflammatory monocytes harboring STyphimurium in the liver. These results suggest that S. Typhimurium promotes its systemic growth and dissemination through MyD88 signaling pathways in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do 25159, Korea
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; and
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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26
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West NR, Hegazy AN, Owens BMJ, Bullers SJ, Linggi B, Buonocore S, Coccia M, Görtz D, This S, Stockenhuber K, Pott J, Friedrich M, Ryzhakov G, Baribaud F, Brodmerkel C, Cieluch C, Rahman N, Müller-Newen G, Owens RJ, Kühl AA, Maloy KJ, Plevy SE, Keshav S, Travis SPL, Powrie F. Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Med 2017; 23:579-589. [PMID: 28368383 PMCID: PMC5420447 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that are driven by perturbed cytokine pathways. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) antibodies are mainstay therapies for IBD. However, up to 40% of patients are nonresponsive to anti-TNF agents, which makes the identification of alternative therapeutic targets a priority. Here we show that, relative to healthy controls, inflamed intestinal tissues from patients with IBD express high amounts of the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSMR), which correlate closely with histopathological disease severity. The OSMR is expressed in nonhematopoietic, nonepithelial intestinal stromal cells, which respond to OSM by producing various proinflammatory molecules, including interleukin (IL)-6, the leukocyte adhesion factor ICAM1, and chemokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. In an animal model of anti-TNF-resistant intestinal inflammation, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of OSM significantly attenuates colitis. Furthermore, according to an analysis of more than 200 patients with IBD, including two cohorts from phase 3 clinical trials of infliximab and golimumab, high pretreatment expression of OSM is strongly associated with failure of anti-TNF therapy. OSM is thus a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for IBD, and has particular relevance for anti-TNF-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Bryan Linggi
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Buonocore
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margherita Coccia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dieter Görtz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sébastien This
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista Stockenhuber
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johanna Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Constanze Cieluch
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Rahman
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon P. L. Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hutton AJ, Polak ME, Spalluto CM, Wallington JC, Pickard C, Staples KJ, Warner JA, Wilkinson TMA. Human Lung Fibroblasts Present Bacterial Antigens to Autologous Lung Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:110-118. [PMID: 27895174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are key structural cells that reside in the submucosa where they are in contact with large numbers of CD4+ Th cells. During severe viral infection and chronic inflammation, the submucosa is susceptible to bacterial invasion by lung microbiota such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Given their proximity in tissue, we hypothesized that human lung fibroblasts play an important role in modulating Th cell responses to NTHi. We demonstrate that fibroblasts express the critical CD4+ T cell Ag-presentation molecule HLA-DR within the human lung, and that this expression can be recapitulated in vitro in response to IFN-γ. Furthermore, we observed that cultured lung fibroblasts could internalize live NTHi. Although unable to express CD80 and CD86 in response to stimulation, fibroblasts expressed the costimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX-40L, and CD70, all of which are related to memory T cell activation and maintenance. CD4+ T cells isolated from the lung were predominantly (mean 97.5%) CD45RO+ memory cells. Finally, cultured fibroblasts activated IFN-γ and IL-17A cytokine production by autologous, NTHi-specific lung CD4+ T cells, and cytokine production was inhibited by a HLA-DR blocking Ab. These results indicate a novel role for human lung fibroblasts in contributing to responses against bacterial infection through activation of bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hutton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Joshua C Wallington
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chris Pickard
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jane A Warner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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28
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Barone F, Gardner DH, Nayar S, Steinthal N, Buckley CD, Luther SA. Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:477. [PMID: 27877173 PMCID: PMC5100680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes, myeloid, and stromal cells that provide ectopic hubs for acquired immune responses. TLS share phenotypical and functional features with secondary lymphoid organs (SLO); however, they require persistent inflammatory signals to arise and are often observed at target sites of autoimmune disease, chronic infection, cancer, and organ transplantation. Over the past 10 years, important progress has been made in our understanding of the role of stromal fibroblasts in SLO development, organization, and function. A complex and stereotyped series of events regulate fibroblast differentiation from embryonic life in SLOs to lymphoid organ architecture observed in adults. In contrast, TLS-associated fibroblasts differentiate from postnatal, locally activated mesenchyme, predominantly in settings of inflammation and persistent antigen presentation. Therefore, there are critical differences in the cellular and molecular requirements that regulate SLO versus TLS development that ultimately impact on stromal and hematopoietic cell function. These differences may contribute to the pathogenic nature of TLS in the context of chronic inflammation and malignant transformation and offer a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions in TLS associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Nathalie Steinthal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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29
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Huynh PT, Beswick EJ, Coronado YA, Johnson P, O'Connell MR, Watts T, Singh P, Qiu S, Morris K, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. CD90(+) stromal cells are the major source of IL-6, which supports cancer stem-like cells and inflammation in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1971-81. [PMID: 26595254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine increased in CRC and known to directly promote tumor growth. Colonic myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs or stromal cells) are CD90(+) innate immune cells representing up to 30% of normal colonic mucosal lamina propria cells. They are expanded in CRC tumor stroma, where they also known as a cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Cells of mesenchymal origin, such as normal myofibroblasts/fibroblasts, are known to secrete IL-6; however, their contribution to the increase in IL-6 in CRC and to tumor-promoting inflammation is not well defined. Using in situ, ex vivo and coculture analyses we have demonstrated that the number of IL-6 producing CMFs is increased in CRC (C-CMFs) and they represent the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors. Activity/expression of stem cell markers-aldehyde dehydrogenase and LGR5- was significantly up-regulated in colon cancer cells (SW480, Caco-2 or HT29) cultured in the presence of conditioned medium from tumor isolated C-CMFs in an IL-6 dependent manner. C-CMF and its derived condition medium, but not normal CMF isolated from syngeneic normal colons, induced differentiation of tumor promoting inflammatory T helper 17 cells (Th17) cell responses in an IL-6 dependent manner. Our study suggests that CD90(+) fibroblasts/myofibroblasts may be the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors, which supports the stemness of tumor cells and induces an immune adaptive inflammatory response (a.k.a. Th17) favoring tumor growth. Taken together our data supports the notion that IL-6 producing CAFs (a.k.a. C-CMFs) may provide a useful target for treating or preventing CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Huynh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Yun A Coronado
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Paul Johnson
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Malaney R O'Connell
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Tammara Watts
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Pomila Singh
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Departments of Pathology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Don W Powell
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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30
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Owens BMJ. Inflammation, Innate Immunity, and the Intestinal Stromal Cell Niche: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2015; 6:319. [PMID: 26150817 PMCID: PMC4471728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells of multiple tissues contribute to immune-mediated protective responses and, conversely, the pathological tissue changes associated with chronic inflammatory disease. However, unlike hematopoietic immune cells, tissue stromal cell populations remain poorly characterized with respect to specific surface marker expression, their ontogeny, self-renewal, and proliferative capacity within tissues and the extent to which they undergo phenotypic immunological changes during the course of an infectious or inflammatory insult. Extending our knowledge of the immunological features of stromal cells provides an exciting opportunity to further dissect the underlying biology of many important immune-mediated diseases, although several challenges remain in bringing the emerging field of stromal immunology to equivalence with the study of the hematopoietic immune cell compartment. This review highlights recent studies that have begun unraveling the complexity of tissue stromal cell function in immune responses, with a focus on the intestine, and proposes strategies for the development of the field to uncover the great potential for stromal immunology to contribute to our understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of disease, and the opening of new therapeutic avenues in multiple chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Somerville College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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31
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Role of intestinal myofibroblasts in HIV-associated intestinal collagen deposition and immune reconstitution following combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2015; 29:877-88. [PMID: 25784439 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of mucosal intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs) in HIV and associated fibrosis in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. DESIGN Profibrotic changes within the secondary lymphoid organs and mucosa have been implicated in failed immune reconstitution following effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Microbial translocation is believed to be sustaining these systemic inflammatory pathways. IMFs are nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells with both immunoregulatory and mesenchymal functions that are ideally positioned to respond to translocating microbial antigen. METHODS Duodenal biopsies, obtained from patients naive to cART, underwent trichrome staining and were examined for tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression. Combined immunostaining and second harmonic generation analysis were used to determine IMF activation and collagen deposition. Confocal microscopy was performed to examine IMF activation and Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 expression. Finally, primary IMF cultures were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide to demonstrate the expression of the inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS The expression of the fibrosis-promoting molecule, TGF-β1, is significantly increased in duodenal biopsies from HIV patients naïve to cART, and negatively correlated with subsequent peripheral CD4(+) recovery. The increase in TGF-β1 coincided with an increase in collagen deposition in the duodenal mucosa in the tissue area adjacent to the IMFs. We also observed that IMFs expressed TLR4 and had an activated phenotype since they were positive for fibroblast activation protein. Finally, stimulation of IMFs from HIV patients with TLR4 resulted in significantly increased expression of profibrotic molecules, TGF-β1, and interleukin-6. CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that activated IMFs may be among the major cells contributing to the profibrotic changes, and thus, the establishment and maintenance of systemic inflammation interfering with immune reconstitution in HIV patients.
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Maan ZN, Rennert RC, Koob TJ, Januszyk M, Li WW, Gurtner GC. Cell recruitment by amnion chorion grafts promotes neovascularization. J Surg Res 2014; 193:953-962. [PMID: 25266600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhealing wounds are a significant health burden. Stem and progenitor cells can accelerate wound repair and regeneration. Human amniotic membrane has demonstrated efficacy in promoting wound healing, though the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. A dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane (dHACM) was tested for its ability to recruit hematopoietic progenitor cells to a surgically implanted graft in a murine model of cutaneous ischemia. METHODS dHACM was subcutaneously implanted under elevated skin (ischemic stimulus) in either wild-type mice or mice surgically parabiosed to green fluorescent protein (GFP) + reporter mice. A control acellular dermal matrix, elevated skin without an implant, and normal unwounded skin were used as controls. Wound tissue was harvested and processed for histology and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Implanted dHACMs recruited significantly more progenitor cells compared with controls (*P < 0.05) and displayed in vivo SDF-1 expression with incorporation of CD34 + progenitor cells within the matrix. Parabiosis modeling confirmed the circulatory origin of recruited cells, which coexpressed progenitor cell markers and were localized to foci of neovascularization within implanted matrices. CONCLUSIONS In summary, dHACM effectively recruits circulating progenitor cells, likely because of stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) expression. The recruited cells express markers of "stemness" and localize to sites of neovascularization, providing a partial mechanism for the clinical efficacy of human amniotic membrane in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert C Rennert
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Michael Januszyk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - William W Li
- Angiogenesis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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33
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Beswick EJ, Johnson JR, Saada JI, Humen M, House J, Dann S, Qiu S, Brasier AR, Powell DW, Reyes VE, Pinchuk IV. TLR4 activation enhances the PD-L1-mediated tolerogenic capacity of colonic CD90+ stromal cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2218-29. [PMID: 25070848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 is crucial for maintaining peripheral tolerance. CD90(+) myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs) are major programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) ligand-expressing cells in normal human colonic mucosa. CMFs suppress activated CD4(+) T cell proliferation via PD-1 ligands. It is not known whether signaling through TLRs contribute to the regulation PD-1 ligands on CMFs upon colonic mucosal tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated that stimulation of TLR4 on human CMFs upregulates PD-L1, but not PD-L2, and reinforces CMF-mediated suppression of CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. TLR4-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 on CMFs involved NF-κB pathways and was JAK2 and MyD88 dependent. MyD88-dependent stimulation of TLR1/2 and TLR5 also upregulated PD-L1 expression on CMFs in culture. PD-L1 expression was drastically decreased in vivo in the colonic mucosa of mice devoid of MyD88. Induction of MyD88 deficiency in CMFs in fibroblast-specific MyD88 conditional knockout mice resulted in a strong increase in a mucosal IFN-γ expression concomitantly with the abrogation of PD-L1 expression in CMFs under homeostasis and epithelial injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Together, these data suggest that MyD88-dependent TLR stimulation of CMFs in the normal colonic mucosa may reinforce these cells' anti-inflammatory capacity and thus contribute to the maintenance of mucosal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jameel R Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jamal I Saada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Martin Humen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jenifer House
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Sara Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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Morris KT, Nofchissey RA, Pinchuk IV, Beswick EJ. Chronic macrophage migration inhibitory factor exposure induces mesenchymal epithelial transition and promotes gastric and colon cancers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98656. [PMID: 24887129 PMCID: PMC4041794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is highly produced in gastrointestinal cancers. Since chronic inflammation is a risk factor for tumorigenesis in these cancers, in this study, the role of MIF in pro-tumorigenic events was examined. MIF and its receptor, CD74, were examined in gastric and colon tumors and found to be increased in most tumors with significantly higher expression in tumors from patients with lymph node metastasis. MIF was also found to be highly produced by cancer associated fibroblasts isolated from human tumors compared to fibroblasts from matched normal tissues from uninvolved areas. Fibroblast-produced MIF highly increased GI cancer cell proliferation, which was decreased upon neutralizing MIF or CD74. Chronic MIF treatment led to sustained proliferation and signaling events in non-transformed GI fibroblast cells, which was maintained upon removing MIF treatment for 8 weeks. Additionally, chronic treatment of normal GI cells expressing fibroblast markers for up to 16 weeks with MIF led to a drastic decrease of fibroblast markers with concurrent increase of epithelial markers. Transformation was examined by telomerase and focus forming assays. These results suggest the MIF promotes mesenchymal epithelial transition, cell transformation and tumorigenesis in GI cancers, and thus may be an important link between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T. Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Nofchissey
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Irina V. Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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