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Wang X, Fu J, Bhullar KS, Chen B, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu C, Su D, Ma X, Qiao Y. Identification, in silico selection, and mechanistic investigation of antioxidant peptides from corn gluten meal hydrolysate. Food Chem 2024; 446:138777. [PMID: 38402763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Seven novel antioxidant peptides (AWF, LWQ, WIY, YLW, LAYW, LPWG, and LYFY) exhibiting a superior activity compared to trolox were identified through in silico screening. Among these, the four peptides (WIY, YLW, LAYW, and LYFY) displayed notably enhanced performance, with ABTS activity 2.58-3.26 times and ORAC activity 5.19-8.63 times higher than trolox. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl group in tyrosine and the nitrogen-hydrogen bond in the indole ring of tryptophan serve as the critical sites for antioxidant activity. These findings likely account for the potent chemical antioxidant activity. The corn peptides also exerted a protective effect against AAPH-induced cytomorphologic changes in human erythrocytes by modulating the antioxidant system. Notably, LAYW exhibited the most pronounced cytoprotective effects, potentially due to its high content of hydrophobic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juan Fu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; School of Flavor and Fragrance Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Bingjie Chen
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongru Liu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenxia Liu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Di Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Flavor and Fragrance Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institution, Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Bhullar KS, Fan H, Nael MA, Elokely KM, Wu J. ACE2 Activation by Tripeptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Depends on the G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Signaling Cascade. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:8071-8082. [PMID: 37199538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand how specific cell-bound receptors influence ACE2 activation by IRW. Our results showed that G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), a 7-transmembrane domain protein, was involved in IRW-mediated ACE2 increase. IRW treatment (50 μM) significantly increased the GPR30 pool levels (3.2 ± 0.5 folds) (p < 0.001). IRW treatment also boosted the consecutive GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) activity (2.2 ± 0.2 folds) (p < 0.001), and GNB1 levels (2.0 ± 0.5 folds) (p < 0.05), associated with the functional subunits of G proteins, in cells. These results were translated in hypertensive animal studies as well (p < 0.05), indicated by an increase in the aortal levels of GPR30 (p < 0.01); further experiments showed an increase in downstream PIP3/PI3K/Akt pathway activation following IRW treatment. The blockade of GPR30 by an antagonist and siRNA in cells abolished the ACE2-activating ability of IRW, as shown by the depleted levels of ACE2 mRNA (p < 0.001), protein levels in whole cells and membrane, angiotensin (1-7) (p < 0.01), and ACE2 promoter HNF1α (p < 0.05). Finally, the GPR30 blockade in ACE2-overexpressing cells using the antagonist (p < 0.01) and siRNA (p < 0.05) significantly depleted the innate cellular pool of ACE2, thus confirming the relationship between the membrane-bound GPR30 and ACE2. Overall, these results showed that the vasodilatory peptide IRW could activate ACE2 via the membrane-bound receptor GPR30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Manal A Nael
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elokely
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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Ashkar F, Bhullar KS, Jiang X, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW Improves AMPK/eNOS Signaling Pathway via Activating ACE2 in the Aorta of High-Fat-Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. Biology 2023; 12:biology12040556. [PMID: 37106756 PMCID: PMC10135585 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of tripeptide IRW on the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS), particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and their association with signaling pathways in the aorta of a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD (45% of the total calories) for six weeks, and then IRW was added to the diet (45 mg/kg body weight (BW)) for another eight weeks. ACE2 mRNA expression and protein level(s) were increased (p < 0.05), while angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein abundance was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the aorta of HFD mice treated by IRW. IRW supplementation also improved glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) abundance (p < 0.05) alongside AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (p < 0.05), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) (p < 0.05), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (p < 0.05) expression. IRW downregulated the levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of AMPK and eNOS in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were significantly reduced in ACE2 knockdown cells treated with or without IRW (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study provided new evidence of the regulatory role of IRW on the aortic ACE2 against metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an HFD-induced insulin-resistant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Bhullar KS, Nael MA, Elokely KM, Drews SJ, Wu J. Structurally Modified Bioactive Peptide Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Lentiviral Particles Expression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102045. [PMID: 36297481 PMCID: PMC9607082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current global pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Various pharmaceuticals are being developed to counter the spread of the virus. The strategy of repurposing known drugs and bioactive molecules is a rational approach. A previously described molecule, Ile-Arg-Trp (IRW), is a bioactive tripeptide that exhibits an ability to boost angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression in animals and cells. Given the importance of SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 interaction in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, we synthesized various IRW analogs intending to mitigate the RBD-ACE-2 interaction. Herein, we describe two analogs of IRW, A9 (Acetyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) and A14 (Formyl-Ile-Arg-Trp-Amide) which lowered the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD-ACE2 (at 50 µM) in vitro. The free energy of binding suggested that A9 and A14 interacted with the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD more favorably than ACE2. The calculated MMGBSA ΔG of spike binding for A9 was −57.22 kcal/mol, while that of A14 was −52.44 kcal/mol. A14 also inhibited furin enzymatic activity at various tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µM). We confirmed the effect of the two potent analogs using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein overexpressing cells. Both peptides lowered the protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at the tested concentration (50 µM). Similarly, both peptides, A9 and A14 (50 µM), also inhibited pseudotyped lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike in ACE2 overexpressing cells. Further, the molecular dynamics (MD) calculations showed the interaction of A9 and A14 with multiple residues in spike S1 RBD. In conclusion, novel peptide analogs of ACE2 boosting IRW were prepared and confirmed through in vitro, cellular, and computational evaluations to be potential seed candidates for SARS-CoV-2 host cell binding inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Manal A. Nael
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elokely
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Bhullar KS, Ashkar F, Wu J. Peptides GWN and GW protect kidney cells against Dasatinib induced mitochondrial injury in a SIRT1 dependent manner. Food Chem (Oxf) 2022; 4:100069. [PMID: 35415678 PMCID: PMC8991994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dasatinib, a small-molecule drug used as a treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia induces mitochondrial damage in embryonic kidney (293 T) cells (p < 0.05). This dasatinib induced mitochondrial injury in kidney cells was mitigated by H3K36me3 activating ovotransferrin-derived peptides GWN and GW. Pre-treatment of kidney cells with GWN and GW lead to elevation of cytoprotective sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT3, in response to dasatinib injury (p < 0.01) in vitro. Both peptides, GWN and GW, also reversed dasatinib induced the loss of mitochondria in kidney cells and promoted the protein expression of COX4 (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, loss of SIRT1 in kidney cells abolished the ability of GWN and GW to protect embryonic kidney cells against dasatinib injury in vitro. Overall, we provide cell based evidence showing that GWN and GW exhibit the ability to protect mitochondria against dasatinib-induced mitochondrial damage in a SIRT1 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ashkar F, Bhullar KS, Wu J. The Effect of Polyphenols on Kidney Disease: Targeting Mitochondria. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153115. [PMID: 35956292 PMCID: PMC9370485 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondria dynamics, are essential for the maintenance of renal health. Through modulation of mitochondrial function, the kidneys are able to sustain or recover acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), nephrotoxicity, nephropathy, and ischemia perfusion. Therapeutic improvement in mitochondrial function in the kidneys is related to the regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, free radicals scavenging, decline in apoptosis, and inflammation. Dietary antioxidants, notably polyphenols present in fruits, vegetables, and plants, have attracted attention as effective dietary and pharmacological interventions. Considerable evidence shows that polyphenols protect against mitochondrial damage in different experimental models of kidney disease. Mechanistically, polyphenols regulate the mitochondrial redox status, apoptosis, and multiple intercellular signaling pathways. Therefore, this review attempts to focus on the role of polyphenols in the prevention or treatment of kidney disease and explore the molecular mechanisms associated with their pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianping Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6885; Fax: +1-780-492-8524
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Fan H, Bhullar KS, Wang Z, Wu J. Chicken muscle protein-derived peptide VVHPKESF reduces TNFα-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing TNFR1 signaling in human vascular endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200184. [PMID: 35770889 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of four chicken muscle-derived peptides (Val-Arg-Pro (VRP), Leu-Lys-Tyr (LKY), Val-Arg-Tyr (VRY), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe [VVHPKESF (V-F)] on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Inflammation and oxidative stress are induced in EA.hy926 cells by TNFα (10 ng/mL) treatment for different periods of time. Inflammatory proteins and signaling molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) were measured by qRT-PCR or western blotting; soluble TNFR1 level and NADPH oxidase activity were determined by Elisa kits; superoxide was measured by dihydroethidium staining. Only V-F treatment inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and COX2, via suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling, respectively, while reduced oxidative stress via the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity; V-F treatment attenuated both gene and protein expressions of TNFR1. CONCLUSION V-F treatment ameliorated TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress possibly via the inhibition of TNFR1 signaling, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Shang N, Bhullar KS, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW Protects MC3T3-E1 Cells against Ang II Stress in an AT2R Dependent Manner. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123684. [PMID: 35744810 PMCID: PMC9230126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple strategies including the use of bioactive peptides and other nutraceuticals are being adopted to maintain bone health. This study provides an improved and deeper understanding of the pharmacological effects that a bioactive peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) extends on bone health. Our results showed that IRW treatment protects osteoblasts against Ang II induced decline in cell proliferation and restores protein levels of collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). Apart from augmentation of these mineralization factors, the angiotensin II (Ang II) induced apoptotic stress in osteoblasts was mitigated by IRW as well. At the molecular level, IRW abolished the cytochrome-c release via modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes in MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). Interestingly, IRW also increased cellular levels of cytoprotective local RAAS factors such as MasR, Ang (1−7), ACE2, and AT2R, and lowered the levels of Ang II effector receptor (AT1R). Further, our results indicated a lower content of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis biomarkers such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) following IRW treatment in MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). The use of an antagonist-guided cell study indicated that IRW contributed to the process of cytoprotection and proliferation of osteoblasts via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in face of Ang II stress in an AT2R dependent manner. The key findings of our study showed that IRW could potentially have a therapeutic role in the treatment and/or prevention of bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (N.S.); (K.S.B.)
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (N.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (N.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6885; Fax: +1-780-492-8524
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de Campos Zani SC, Son M, Bhullar KS, Chan CB, Wu J. IRW (Isoleucine-Arginine-Tryptophan) Improves Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet Fed C57BL/6 Mice via Activation of Insulin Signaling and AMPK Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061235. [PMID: 35740257 PMCID: PMC9220315 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IRW (Isoleucine−Arginine−Tryptophan), has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties in cells and animal models and prevents angiotensin-II- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. We investigated the effects of IRW on body composition, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistant (IR) model. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD for 6 weeks, after which IRW was incorporated into the diet (45 or 15 mg/kg body weight (BW)) until week 14. IRW45 (at a dose of 45 mg/kg BW) reduced BW (p = 0.0327), fat mass gain (p = 0.0085), and preserved lean mass of HFD mice (p = 0.0065), concomitant with enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.001). In skeletal muscle, IRW45 increased insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation (p = 0.0132) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation (p < 0.001). Angiotensin 2 receptor (AT2R) (p = 0.0024), phosphorylated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) (p < 0.0124) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p < 0.001) were enhanced in skeletal muscle of IRW45-treated mice, as was the expression of genes involved in myogenesis. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) activity was increased (p = 0.0016). Uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) was partially restored after IRW supplementation. IRW improves glucose tolerance and body composition in HFD-fed mice and promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via multiple signaling pathways, independent of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Catherine B. Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (S.C.d.C.Z.); (C.B.C.)
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6885; Fax: +1-780-492-4346
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Abstract
Chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases, have become a worldwide public health issue. Research regarding the use of bioactive peptides or protein hydrolysates derived from food, as the diet-based strategies for the prevention and mitigation of chronic diseases, has increased exponentially in the past decades. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies report the efficacy and safety of food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant agents. However, despite promising preclinical results, an inadequate understanding of their mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics restrict their clinical translation. Commercialization of bioactive peptides can be further hindered due to scarce information regarding their efficacy, safety, bitter taste, as well as the lack of a cost-effective method of production. This review provides an overview of the current clinical evidence and challenges to commercial applications of food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates for the prevention and alleviation of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duffuler
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Nanglia S, Mahajan BVC, Singh NP, Kapoor S, Bhullar KS, Kaur S, Kumar V. Combined effect of acids and shellac coating on pericarp browning, enzymatic activities and biochemical attributes of litchi fruit during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Nanglia
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - BVC Mahajan
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - NP Singh
- Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - Swati Kapoor
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | - KS Bhullar
- School of Organic Farming Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
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Abstract
MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial peptide that has been shown to counter insulin resistance and alleviate obesity in vivo. However, the mechanisms involved in the pharmacological action of MOTS-c remain elusive. Based on the ability of MOTS-c to improve insulin resistance and promote cold adaptation, we hypothesized that MOTS-c might play a role in boosting the number of mitochondria in a cell. We found that treatment of mammalian cells with MOTS-c increased protein levels of TFAM, COX4, and NRF1, which are markers for mitochondrial biogenesis. However, flow cytometry analysis using MitoTracker Green revealed a sharp reduction in the mitochondrial count after MOTS-c treatment. We then anticipated possible synchronized activation of mitofusion/mitochondrial fusion by MOTS-c following the onset of mitochondrial biogenesis. This was confirmed after a significant increase in protein levels two GTPases, OPA1, and MFN2, both vital for the fusion of mammalian mitochondria. Finally, we found that inhibition of the two GTPases by TNFα abrogated the ability of MOTS-c to prompt GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Similar results were obtained by siRNA KD of MFN2 as well. Our results reveal for the first time a pathway that links mitofusion to MOTS-c-induced GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Bhullar KS, Son M, Kerek E, Cromwell CR, Wingert BM, Wu K, Jovel J, Camacho CJ, Hubbard BP, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW Upregulates NAMPT Protein Levels in Cells and Obese C57BL/6J Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1555-1566. [PMID: 33522796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a vital role in cellular processes that govern human health and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis. Thus, boosting NAD+ level via an increase in NAMPT levels is an attractive approach for countering the effects of aging and metabolic disease. This study aimed to establish IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp), a small tripeptide derived from ovotransferrin, as a booster of NAMPT levels. Treatment of muscle (L6) cells with IRW increased intracellular NAMPT protein levels (2.2-fold, p < 0.05) and boosted NAD+ (p < 0.01). Both immunoprecipitation and recombinant NAMPT assays indicated the possible NAMPT-activating ability of IRW (p < 0.01). Similarly, IRW increased NAMPT mRNA and protein levels in the liver (2.6-fold, p < 0.01) and muscle tissues (2.3-fold, p < 0.05) of C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). A significantly increased level of circulating NAD+ was also observed following IRW treatment (4.7 fold, p < 0.0001). Dosing of Drosophila melanogaster with IRW elevated both D-NAAM (fly NAMPT) and NAD+ in vivo (p < 0.05). However, IRW treatment did not boost NAMPT levels in SIRT1 KO cells, indicating a possible SIRT1 dependency for the pharmacological effect. Overall, these data indicate that IRW is a novel small peptide booster of the NAMPT pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Bentley M Wingert
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Office of Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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14
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Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense RNA virus. This virus has emerged as a threat to global health, social stability, and the global economy. This pandemic continues to cause rampant mortality worldwide with the dire urgency to develop novel therapeutic agents. To meet this task, this article discusses advances in the research and potential application of bioactive peptides for possible mitigation of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Growing insight into the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed potential druggable targets for bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides with unique amino acid sequences can mitigate such targets including, type II transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS2) inhibition, furin cleavage, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) members. Based on current evidence and structure-function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus. To date, no SARS-CoV-2-explicit drug has been reported, but we here introduce bioactive peptides in the perspective of their potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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15
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Shang N, Bhullar KS, Wu J. Ovotransferrin Exhibits Osteogenic Activity Partially via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Activation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9427-9435. [PMID: 32786820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovotransferrin, a major protein in egg white, induces osteoblast proliferation and survival in vitro. However, it is unclear which receptor(s) drive the beneficial activities of this bioactive glycoprotein. We examined the role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in the actions of ovotransferrin on osteoblasts. Here, we showed that LRP1 in part regulates osteogenic action of ovotransferrin. Mouse osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1, with LRP1 deletion displayed diminished osteogenic activity. Our findings indicate that the bone-stimulatory impact of ovotransferrin on RUNX2, COL1A2, and Ca2+ signaling is LRP1-dependent. This shows that LRP1 not only acts as a scavenger receptor but also participates in ovotransferrin-mediated gene transcription. However, some of the key bone formatting factors such as ALP synthesis and serine residue phosphorylation of Akt by ovotransferrin remained independent of LRP1. Overall, this study shows that LRP1-ovotransferrin interaction might underline in part the ability of ovotransferrin to promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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16
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Salla M, Pandya V, Bhullar KS, Kerek E, Wong YF, Losch R, Ou J, Aldawsari FS, Velazquez-Martinez C, Thiesen A, Dyck JRB, Hubbard BP, Baksh S. Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Aspirin Hybrid Compounds as Potent Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173849. [PMID: 32847114 PMCID: PMC7503224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial pleiotropic health effects. It is one of the most promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders. One of the key limitations in the clinical use of resveratrol is its extensive metabolic processing to its glucuronides and sulfates. It has been estimated that around 75% of this polyphenol is excreted via feces and urine. To possibly alleviate the extensive metabolic processing and improve bioavailability, we have added segments of acetylsalicylic acid to resveratrol in an attempt to maintain the functional properties of both. We initially characterized resveratrol-aspirin derivatives as products that can inhibit cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) activity, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of how resveratrol and its aspirin derivatives can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, cytokine production, the growth rate of cancer cells, and in vivo alleviate intestinal inflammation and tumor growth. We identified resveratrol derivatives C3 and C11 as closely preserving resveratrol bioactivities of growth inhibition of cancer cells, inhibition of NFκB activation, activation of sirtuin, and 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We speculate that the aspirin derivatives of resveratrol would be more metabolically stable, resulting in increased efficacy for treating immune disorders and as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Yoke Fuan Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Robyn Losch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Joe Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Fahad S. Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority Laboratories, 3292 Northern Ring Road, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Velazquez-Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Basil P. Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Member, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., 4560 TEC Centre, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-239-0518
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17
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Arora H, Shang N, Bhullar KS, Wu J. Pea protein-derived tripeptide LRW shows osteoblastic activity on MC3T3-E1 cells via the activation of the Akt/Runx2 pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:7197-7207. [PMID: 32756709 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease affecting more than 2 million people comprising 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men in Canada. One possible approach to prevent this disease is to stimulate the activity of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) using food protein-derived bioactive peptides. In our previous study, an ACE inhibitory tripeptide LRW (Leu-Arg-Trp) was identified from pea protein. This work aims to investigate the effect of tripeptide LRW on promoting osteoblastic activity. The tripeptide LRW treatment (50 μM) in MC3T3-E1 cells increased cell proliferation (4-fold increase) as indicated by BrdU incorporation assay. Moreover, we found that tripeptide LRW stimulated osteoblastic differentiation by increasing the levels of type 1 collagen (COL1A2; 3-fold increase), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 4-fold increase), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2; 2-fold increase) and the activation of the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Furthermore, tripeptide LRW increased matrix mineralization as evidenced by Alizarin-S red staining and nodule formation, osteoprotegerin levels (OPG; 2-fold increase), and wound healing based on cell migration assay. Overall, pea protein-derived bioactive peptide LRW can positively modulate the activity of osteoblasts probably via the Akt/Runx2 pathway, indicating its potential use for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Arora
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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18
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Wang X, Bhullar KS, Fan H, Liao W, Qiao Y, Su D, Wu J. Regulatory Effects of a Pea-Derived Peptide Leu-Arg-Trp (LRW) on Dysfunction of Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells against Angiotensin II Stimulation. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3947-3953. [PMID: 32157879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and proliferation are crucial mediators of vascular dysfunction which contribute to the pathology of hypertension. A tripeptide, LRW (Leu-Arg-Trp), was characterized from pea protein legumin, and its previously studied isomer IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was reported to exhibit antihypertensive activity via activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The objective of the current study was to explore the effects of LRW on vascular stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cellular stress. LRW treatment could decrease Ang II-triggered superoxide production, inflammation, and proliferation in VSMCs. The abovementioned advantageous effects appeared to involve the upregulation of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis and modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. These findings specified the prospective role of LRW as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Di Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Shang N, Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW initiates differentiation in osteoblasts via the RUNX2 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1138-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Liao W, Bhullar KS, Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg White-Derived Tripeptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Is an Activator of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11330-11336. [PMID: 30295033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays beneficial roles in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Our previous studies indicated that egg white-derived antihypertensive peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) could upregulate ACE2 mRNA level in mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), suggesting the potential of IRW as an in vivo ACE2 activator. In this study, the effects of IRW on activity and protein expression of ACE2 were investigated. Results indicated that IRW activated human recombinant ACE2 with an EC50 value of 7.24 × 10-5 M. In rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell line A7r5 cells, IRW treatment (50 μM) significantly increased the expression and activity of ACE2. Oral administration of IRW to SHRs upregulated ACE2 protein levels in kidney and aorta. Molecular docking study suggested that IRW might activate ACE2 through interaction with the subdomain I near the active site through hydrogen bonds. Overall, this study established IRW as the first food-derived ACE2 activating peptide.
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21
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Salla M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Danmaliki GI, Zare A, Said A, Moore J, Pandya V, Manaloor R, Fong S, Blankstein AR, Gibson SB, Garcia LR, Meier P, Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP, Fiteh Y, Vliagoftis H, Goping IS, Brocks D, Hwang P, Velázquez-Martínez CA, Baksh S. Identification and Characterization of Novel Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 Inhibitors Using Structural Similarity Analysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:354-367. [PMID: 29555876 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2 or RICK, herein referred to as RIPK2) is linked to the pathogen pathway that activates nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and autophagic activation. Using molecular modeling (docking) and chemoinformatics analyses, we used the RIPK2/ponatinib crystal structure and searched in chemical databases for small molecules exerting binding interactions similar to those exerted by ponatinib. The identified RIPK2 inhibitors potently inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by > 70% and also inhibited NFκB activity. More importantly, in vivo inhibition of intestinal and lung inflammation rodent models suggests effectiveness to resolve inflammation with low toxicity to the animals. Thus, our identified RIPK2 inhibitor may offer possible therapeutic control of inflammation in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Gaddafi I Danmaliki
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Alaa Zare
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ahmed Said
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Jack Moore
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Vrajeshkumar Pandya
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Robin Manaloor
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Sunny Fong
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Anna R Blankstein
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Laura Ramos Garcia
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Pascal Meier
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Yahya Fiteh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Dion Brocks
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Peter Hwang
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Carlos A Velázquez-Martínez
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
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Bhullar KS, Lagarón NO, McGowan EM, Parmar I, Jha A, Hubbard BP, Rupasinghe HPV. Kinase-targeted cancer therapies: progress, challenges and future directions. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:48. [PMID: 29455673 PMCID: PMC5817855 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes 538 protein kinases that transfer a γ-phosphate group from ATP to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. Many of these kinases are associated with human cancer initiation and progression. The recent development of small-molecule kinase inhibitors for the treatment of diverse types of cancer has proven successful in clinical therapy. Significantly, protein kinases are the second most targeted group of drug targets, after the G-protein-coupled receptors. Since the development of the first protein kinase inhibitor, in the early 1980s, 37 kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for treatment of malignancies such as breast and lung cancer. Furthermore, about 150 kinase-targeted drugs are in clinical phase trials, and many kinase-specific inhibitors are in the preclinical stage of drug development. Nevertheless, many factors confound the clinical efficacy of these molecules. Specific tumor genetics, tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, and pharmacogenomics determine how useful a compound will be in the treatment of a given cancer. This review provides an overview of kinase-targeted drug discovery and development in relation to oncology and highlights the challenges and future potential for kinase-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Naiara Orrego Lagarón
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- Chronic Disease Solutions Team, School of Life Science, University of Technology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Indu Parmar
- Division of Product Development, Radient Technologies, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Bhullar KS, Jha A, Rupasinghe HPV. Novel carbocyclic curcumin analog CUR3d modulates genes involved in multiple apoptosis pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:107-22. [PMID: 26409325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of a novel curcumin analog (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (CUR3d) was studied using a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The results showed that CUR3d completely inhibits the tumor cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CUR3d at 100 μmol/L activated the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 along with downregulation of anti-apoptotic BIRC5 and Bcl2. CUR3d treatment controlled the cancer cell growth by downregulating the expression of PI3K/Akt (Akt1, Akt2) pathway along with NF-κB. CUR3d down-regulated the members of epidermal growth receptor family (EGFR, ERBB3, ERBB2) and insulin like growth receptors (IGF1, IGF-1R, IGF2). This correlated with the downregulation of G-protein (RHOA, RHOB) and RAS (ATF2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) pathway signaling. CUR3d also arrested cell cycle via inhibition of CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, CDK9, MDM2, MDM4 and TERT genes. Cell cycle essential aurora kinases (AURKα, AURKβ) and polo-like kinases (PLK1, PLK2, PLK3) were also modulated by CUR3d. Topoisomerases (TOP2α, TOP2β), important factors in cancer cell immortality, as well as HIF-1α were downregulated following CUR3d treatment. The expression of protein kinase-C family (PRKC-A, PRKC-D, PRKC-E) was also attenuated by CUR3d. The downregulation of histone deacetylases (Class I, II, IV) and PARP I further strengthened the anticancer efficacy of CUR3d. Downregulation of carcinogenic cathepsins (CTSB, CTSD) and heat shock proteins exhibited CUR3d's potency as a potential immunological adjuvant. Finally, the non-toxic manifestation of CUR3d in healthy liver and lung cells along with downregulation of drug resistant gene ABCC1 further warrant need for advance investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Jha A, Duffield KM, Ness MR, Ravoori S, Andrews G, Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV, Balzarini J. Curcumin-inspired cytotoxic 3,5-bis(arylmethylene)-1-(N-(ortho-substituted aryl)maleamoyl)-4-piperidones: A novel group of topoisomerase II alpha inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6404-17. [PMID: 26456623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Three series of novel 3,5-bis(arylmethylene)-1-(N-(ortho-substituted aryl)maleamoyl)-4-piperidones, designed as simplified analogs of curcumin with maleic diamide tether, were synthesized and bioevaluated. These compounds displayed potent cytotoxicity towards human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes as well as murine L1210 leukemic cells. In contrast, the related N-arylmaleamic acids possessed little or no cytotoxicity in these three screens. Design of these compounds was based on molecular modeling studies performed on a related series of molecule in a previous study. Representative title compounds were found to be significantly potent in inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase II alpha indicating the possible mode of action of these compounds. These compounds were also potent antioxidants in vitro and attenuated the AAPH triggered peroxyl radical production in human fibroblasts. Various members of these series were also well tolerated in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Matthew R Ness
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Sujatha Ravoori
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | | | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV. Partridgeberry polyphenols protect primary cortical and hippocampal neurons against β-amyloid toxicity. Food Res Int 2015; 74:237-249. [PMID: 28411989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition elicits a toxic effect on neurons and plays a crucial role in the etiology and/or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polyphenols found in fruits are endorsed for nutritional intervention in AD, since they are known to have extensive therapeutic properties apropos of brain health owing to their anti-oxidative effects against Aβ and neural reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of polyphenols of partridgeberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and elucidate the mechanism by which they confer protection against Aβ toxicity in rat primary neurons in vitro. The pre-treatment of rat primary cortical and hippocampal neurons with partridgeberry polyphenols (10-200μgmL-1) significantly attenuated Aβ-induced cell death and membrane damage. The flavan-3-ol- and flavonol-rich fractions of the partridgeberry exhibited the strongest ability to maintain cell viability (EC50 5.9μgmL-1) and prevent lactose dehydrogenase release (IC50 0.01μgmL-1) (P≤0.05). Similar to the maintenance of cellular viability, the flavan-3-ol- and flavonol-rich fractions also amplified the greatest activity of SOD and catalase among all polyphenol preparations exposed to neurons (P≤0.05). All four partridgeberry polyphenol preparations reduced the intracellular Aβ levels by 7-15 folds, and initiated Aβ clearance from neurons as compared to untreated cells (P≤0.05). Partridgeberry derived polyphenol preparations; especially the flavonol-rich fraction (IC50 97.1μgmL-1) significantly modulated the apoptotic targets and in vitro acetylcholinesterase activity (P≤0.05), indicating potential pharmacotherapy application in AD. Furthermore, the restoration of hyperactive caspases and Bcl2 family of apoptotic architects added to the neuroprotective candidacy of PPFs. These findings suggest that partridgeberry polyphenols, especially flavan-3-ol- and flavonol-rich fractions, could be of importance in prevention and/or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV. Partridgeberry polyphenols protect rat primary cortical neurons from oxygen–glucose deprivation–reperfusion-induced injury via suppression of inflammatory adipokines and regulation of HIF-1α and PPARγ. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:260-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Potter E, Jha M, Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HV, Balzarini J, Jha A. Investigation of fatty acid conjugates of 3,5-bisarylmethylene-4-piperidone derivatives as antitumor agents and human topoisomerase-IIα inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP. Lifespan and healthspan extension by resveratrol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1209-18. [PMID: 25640851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A number of small molecules with the ability to extend the lifespan of multiple organisms have recently been discovered. Resveratrol, amongst the most prominent of these, has gained widespread attention due to its ability to extend the lifespan of yeast, worms, and flies, and its ability to protect against age-related diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes in mammals. In this review, we discuss the origins and molecular targets of resveratrol and provide an overview of its effects on the lifespan of simple model organisms and mammals. We also examine the unique ability of resveratrol to extend the healthy years, or healthspan, of mammals and its potential to counteract the symptoms of age-related disease. Finally, we explore the many scientific, medical, and economic challenges faced when translating these findings to the clinic, and examine potential approaches for realizing the possibility of human lifespan extension. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Paul NK, Jha M, Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV, Balzarini J, Jha A. All trans 1-(3-arylacryloyl)-3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)piperidin-4-ones as curcumin-inspired antineoplastics. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:461-70. [PMID: 25282269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of eleven N-acryloyl/N-cinnamoyl 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-yl)methylene-4-piperidones were synthesized as curcumin-based candidate antineoplastic agents. The cytostatic potency of these compounds was evaluated against three representative cell lines and all compounds were found to exhibit significant anti-cancer cell activity in vitro. QSAR studies using several physicochemical parameters and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values resulted in certain important correlations which will aid design of more potent analogs. Representative test compounds were investigated in the NCI 60-cell line panel where they were found to display a profound cytotoxicity. These compounds were also potent anti-oxidants and inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα. Representative compounds were well-tolerated by human fibroblasts and by mice during the survival/toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6
| | - Mamta Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada B4P 2R6.
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Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV. Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of partridgeberry polyphenols. Food Chem 2014; 168:595-605. [PMID: 25172753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Partridgeberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) is a polyphenol-rich berry of the Ericaceous family, grown in Newfoundland and Labrador province of Canada. The aims of this study were to identify extraction solvents for the maximum recovery of polyphenols, to establish fractionation technique for isolation of major sub-classes of polyphenols, and to evaluate antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of the partridgeberry polyphenol preparations. The acidified 70% acetone was identified as the ideal solvent for the maximum recovery of polyphenols from partridgeberry. Further, aqueous two-phase extraction, column chromatography and UPLC-MS/MS were employed to produce three partridgeberry polyphenol fractions, rich in either, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols or flavonols. All the three PPF were potent antioxidants and displayed cytoprotective activity through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of cellular death. The current study suggests that partridgeberry has numerous potential health implications in both prevention and amelioration of various diseases involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Bhullar KS, Ziaullah Z, Rupasinghe V. In Vitro Regulation of Enzymes of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System by Isoquercitrin, Phloridzin and their Long Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. FFHD 2014. [DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v4i5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a crucial risk factor for development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Flavonoids exhibit a wide range of biological effects and have had increased interest as a dietary approach for the prevention or possible treatment of hypertension. However, continuous efforts have been made to structurally modify natural flavonoids with the hope of improving their biological activities. One of the methods used for the possible enhancement of flavonoid efficacy is enzymatic esterification of flavonoids with fatty acids. Objective: The current study is designed to investigate the antihypertensive activity of isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Q3G) and phloridzin (PZ) in comparison to their twelve long chain fatty acid derivatives via enzymatic inhibition of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) enzymes.Methods: The novel flavonoid esters were synthesized by the acylation of isoquercitrin and phloridzin with long chain unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (C18–C22). These acylated products were then tested for their in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renin and aldosterone synthase activities.Results: The linoleic and α-linolenic acid esters of PZ were the strongest (IC50 69.9-70.9 µM) while Q3G and PZ (IC50 >200 µM) were the weakest renin inhibitors in vitro (p≤0.05). The eicosapentaenoic acid ester of PZ (IC50 16.0 µM) was the strongest inhibitor of ACE, while PZ (IC50 124.0 µM) was the weakest inhibitor (p≤0.05) among all tested compounds. However, all investigated compounds had low (5.0-11.9%) or no effect on aldosterone synthase inhibition (p≤0.05). The parent compound Q3G and the eicosapentaenoic acid ester of PZ emerged as the strongest ACE inhibitors.Conclusions: The structural modification of Q3G and PZ significantly improved their antihypertensive activities. The potential use of PZ derivatives as natural health products to treat hypertension needs to be further evaluated.Keywords: hypertension, phloridzin, isoquercitrin, flavonoids, ACE, renin, RAAS, acylation, fatty acids
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Bhullar KS, Lassalle-Claux G, Touaibia M, Rupasinghe HV. Antihypertensive effect of caffeic acid and its analogs through dual renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV. Polyphenols: multipotent therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013; 2013:891748. [PMID: 23840922 PMCID: PMC3690243 DOI: 10.1155/2013/891748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to numerous transitions in brain physiology including synaptic dysfunction and disturbances in cognition and memory. With a few clinically relevant drugs, a substantial portion of aging population at risk for age-related neurodegenerative disorders require nutritional intervention. Dietary intake of polyphenols is known to attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the risk for related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Polyphenols exhibit strong potential to address the etiology of neurological disorders as they attenuate their complex physiology by modulating several therapeutic targets at once. Firstly, we review the advances in the therapeutic role of polyphenols in cell and animal models of AD, PD, MS, and HD and activation of drug targets for controlling pathological manifestations. Secondly, we present principle pathways in which polyphenol intake translates into therapeutic outcomes. In particular, signaling pathways like PPAR, Nrf2, STAT, HIF, and MAPK along with modulation of immune response by polyphenols are discussed. Although current polyphenol researches have limited impact on clinical practice, they have strong evidence and testable hypothesis to contribute clinical advances and drug discovery towards age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
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Bhullar KS, Jha A, Youssef D, Rupasinghe HPV. Curcumin and its carbocyclic analogs: structure-activity in relation to antioxidant and selected biological properties. Molecules 2013; 18:5389-404. [PMID: 23666006 PMCID: PMC6270194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the major phenolic compound present in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Curcumin and 15 novel analogs were investigated for their antioxidant and selected biological activities. Strong relationships between the structure and evaluated activity revealed that the compounds with specific functional groups and carbon skeleton had specific biological profiles. Among the compounds tested, the derivatives (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3e), and (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)-cyclopentanone (3d) and the parent compound curcumin exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity. Concerning the other biological activities studied the compound (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3d) was the most potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, while the derivatives (E)-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2b), (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2e) and (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (3e) exhibited strong tyrosinase inhibition. Moreover, (E)-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-6-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-acryloyl)cyclohexanone (2e) was also found to be the strongest human HIV-1 protease inhibitor in vitro among the tested compounds. Cytotoxicity studies using normal human lung cells revealed that the novel curcumin as well as its carbocyclic analogs are not toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Dani Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
- Département des Science, Université Sainte Anne, Church Point, Nova Scotia, B0W 1M0, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
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