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Abstract
MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial peptide that has been shown to counter insulin resistance and alleviate obesity in vivo. However, the mechanisms involved in the pharmacological action of MOTS-c remain elusive. Based on the ability of MOTS-c to improve insulin resistance and promote cold adaptation, we hypothesized that MOTS-c might play a role in boosting the number of mitochondria in a cell. We found that treatment of mammalian cells with MOTS-c increased protein levels of TFAM, COX4, and NRF1, which are markers for mitochondrial biogenesis. However, flow cytometry analysis using MitoTracker Green revealed a sharp reduction in the mitochondrial count after MOTS-c treatment. We then anticipated possible synchronized activation of mitofusion/mitochondrial fusion by MOTS-c following the onset of mitochondrial biogenesis. This was confirmed after a significant increase in protein levels two GTPases, OPA1, and MFN2, both vital for the fusion of mammalian mitochondria. Finally, we found that inhibition of the two GTPases by TNFα abrogated the ability of MOTS-c to prompt GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Similar results were obtained by siRNA KD of MFN2 as well. Our results reveal for the first time a pathway that links mitofusion to MOTS-c-induced GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Bhullar KS, Son M, Kerek E, Cromwell CR, Wingert BM, Wu K, Jovel J, Camacho CJ, Hubbard BP, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW Upregulates NAMPT Protein Levels in Cells and Obese C57BL/6J Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1555-1566. [PMID: 33522796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a vital role in cellular processes that govern human health and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis. Thus, boosting NAD+ level via an increase in NAMPT levels is an attractive approach for countering the effects of aging and metabolic disease. This study aimed to establish IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp), a small tripeptide derived from ovotransferrin, as a booster of NAMPT levels. Treatment of muscle (L6) cells with IRW increased intracellular NAMPT protein levels (2.2-fold, p < 0.05) and boosted NAD+ (p < 0.01). Both immunoprecipitation and recombinant NAMPT assays indicated the possible NAMPT-activating ability of IRW (p < 0.01). Similarly, IRW increased NAMPT mRNA and protein levels in the liver (2.6-fold, p < 0.01) and muscle tissues (2.3-fold, p < 0.05) of C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). A significantly increased level of circulating NAD+ was also observed following IRW treatment (4.7 fold, p < 0.0001). Dosing of Drosophila melanogaster with IRW elevated both D-NAAM (fly NAMPT) and NAD+ in vivo (p < 0.05). However, IRW treatment did not boost NAMPT levels in SIRT1 KO cells, indicating a possible SIRT1 dependency for the pharmacological effect. Overall, these data indicate that IRW is a novel small peptide booster of the NAMPT pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Bentley M Wingert
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Office of Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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Salla M, Pandya V, Bhullar KS, Kerek E, Wong YF, Losch R, Ou J, Aldawsari FS, Velazquez-Martinez C, Thiesen A, Dyck JRB, Hubbard BP, Baksh S. Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Aspirin Hybrid Compounds as Potent Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173849. [PMID: 32847114 PMCID: PMC7503224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial pleiotropic health effects. It is one of the most promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders. One of the key limitations in the clinical use of resveratrol is its extensive metabolic processing to its glucuronides and sulfates. It has been estimated that around 75% of this polyphenol is excreted via feces and urine. To possibly alleviate the extensive metabolic processing and improve bioavailability, we have added segments of acetylsalicylic acid to resveratrol in an attempt to maintain the functional properties of both. We initially characterized resveratrol-aspirin derivatives as products that can inhibit cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) activity, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of how resveratrol and its aspirin derivatives can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, cytokine production, the growth rate of cancer cells, and in vivo alleviate intestinal inflammation and tumor growth. We identified resveratrol derivatives C3 and C11 as closely preserving resveratrol bioactivities of growth inhibition of cancer cells, inhibition of NFκB activation, activation of sirtuin, and 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We speculate that the aspirin derivatives of resveratrol would be more metabolically stable, resulting in increased efficacy for treating immune disorders and as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Yoke Fuan Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Robyn Losch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Joe Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Fahad S. Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority Laboratories, 3292 Northern Ring Road, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Velazquez-Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Basil P. Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Member, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., 4560 TEC Centre, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-239-0518
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Al-Saiedy M, Pratt R, Lai P, Kerek E, Joyce H, Prenner E, Green F, Ling CC, Veldhuizen R, Ghandorah S, Amrein M. Dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant mediated by phospholipid oxidation is cholesterol-dependent. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1040-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee WK, Probst S, Santoyo-Sánchez MP, Al-Hamdani W, Diebels I, von Sivers JK, Kerek E, Prenner EJ, Thévenod F. Initial autophagic protection switches to disruption of autophagic flux by lysosomal instability during cadmium stress accrual in renal NRK-52E cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3225-3245. [PMID: 28321485 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule (PT) is the major target of cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity where Cd2+ causes stress and apoptosis. Autophagy is induced by cell stress, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and may contribute to cell survival or death. The role of autophagy in Cd2+-induced nephrotoxicity remains unsettled due to contradictory results and lack of evidence for autophagic machinery damage by Cd2+. Cd2+-induced autophagy in rat kidney PT cell line NRK-52E and its role in cell death was investigated. Increased LC3-II and decreased p62 as autophagy markers indicate rapid induction of autophagic flux by Cd2+ (5-10 µM) after 1 h, accompanied by ER stress (increased p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP). Cd2+ exposure exceeding 3 h results in p62/LC3-II accumulation, but diminished effect of lysosomal inhibitors (bafilomycin A1, pepstatin A +E-64d) on p62/LC3-II levels, indicating decreased autophagic flux and cargo degradation. At 24 h exposure, Cd2+ (5-25 µM) activates intrinsic apoptotic pathways (Bax/Bcl-2, PARP-1), which is not evident earlier (≤6 h) although cell viability by MTT assay is decreased. Autophagy inducer rapamycin (100 nM) does not overcome autophagy inhibition or Cd2+-induced cell viability loss. The autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor liensinine (5 μM) increases CHOP and Bax/Bcl-2-dependent apoptosis by low Cd2+ stress, but not by high Cd2+. Lysosomal instability by Cd2+ (5 μM; 6 h) is indicated by increases in cellular sphingomyelin and membrane fluidity and decreases in cathepsins and LAMP1. The data suggest dual and temporal impact of Cd2+ on autophagy: Low Cd2+ stress rapidly activates autophagy counteracting damage but Cd2+ stress accrual disrupts autophagic flux and lysosomal stability, possibly resulting in lysosomal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - S Probst
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - M P Santoyo-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav-IPN, México D.F., Mexico
| | - W Al-Hamdani
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - I Diebels
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - J-K von Sivers
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - E Kerek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - E J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - F Thévenod
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Kerek E, Hassanin M, Zhang W, Prenner EJ. Preferential binding of Inorganic Mercury to specific lipid classes and its competition with Cadmium. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2017; 1859:1211-1221. [PMID: 28389203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon uptake of Hg and Cd into living systems, possible targets for metal induced toxicity include the membranes surrounding nervous, cardiovascular and renal cells. To further our understanding of the interactions of Hg and Cd with different lipid structures under physiologically relevant chloride and pH conditions (100 mM NaCl pH 7.4), we used fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering to monitor changes in membrane fluidity and phase transition and liposome size. The metal effects were studied on zwitterionic, cationic and anionic lipids to elucidate electrostatically driven metal-lipid interactions. The effect of Hg-catalyzed cleavage of the vinyl ether bond in plasmalogens on these aforementioned properties was studied in addition to a thermodynamic characterization of this interaction by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. The negatively charged Hg-chloride complexes formed under our experimental conditions induce membrane rigidity in membranes containing cationic lipids and plasmalogens while this effect is heavily reduced and entirely absent with zwitterionic and anionic lipids respectively. The KD for the interaction of Hg with plasmalogen containing liposomes was between 4-30 μM. Furthermore, the presence of Cd affected the interaction of Hg with plasmalogen when negatively charged PS was also present. In this case, even the order of the metal addition was important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Kerek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hassanin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Hassanin M, Kerek E, Chiu M, Anikovskiy M, Prenner EJ. Binding Affinity of Inorganic Mercury and Cadmium to Biomimetic Erythrocyte Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12872-12882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanin
- Department
of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department
of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Michael Chiu
- Department
of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department
of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Elmar J. Prenner
- Department
of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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