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Cao S, Gao S, Ni C, Xu Y, Pang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Geng Z, Li S, Zhao R, Han B, Cui X, Bao Y. Study on the therapeutic mechanism of HJ granules in a rat model of urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118056. [PMID: 38490287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are globally prevalent infectious diseases, predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of several drug-resistant strains. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has its own advantages in the treatment of UTIs. HJ granules is a herbal formula used for the treatment of UTIs. However, its mechanism of action is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of HJ granules in a rat model of UTI caused by Escherichia coli (E coli) CFT073. MATERIALS AND METHODS SD rats were selected to establish a rat UTI model by injecting UPEC strain CFT073 into the bladder using the transurethral placement method. HJ granules were administered to rats after modelling and the efficacy of HJ granule was investigated by measuring urinary decanalogue, inflammatory factors in bladder tissue and pathological changes in the bladder after 3d of administration. Expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH), NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and activation of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in rat bladder tissue. NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, a cysteine-containing aspartic protein, were expressed and activated. RESULTS The results showed that infection of rats with UPEC resulted in increased pH and erythrocytes in bladder irrigation fluid; increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and SHH and decreased expression of IL-10 in bladder tissue; and significant upregulation of the expression of both SHH and NLRP3 inflammasom and significant activation of NLRP3 inflammasom. HJ granules significantly increased the concentration of IL-10 in the bladder, inhibited the expression of SHH and NLRP3 inflammasom in bladder tissue, and suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasom, thereby reducing inflammatory lesions in bladder tissue. CONCLUSION HJ granules may improve bladder injury and treat UTIs by inhibiting the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yingli Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shurang Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Han
- Heilongjiang Jiren Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yanyan Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Al Mamun A, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. The Mechanism of Pyroptosis and Its Application Prospect in Diabetic Wound Healing. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1481-1501. [PMID: 38463193 PMCID: PMC10924950 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis defines a form of pro-inflammatory-dependent programmed cell death triggered by gasdermin proteins, which creates cytoplasmic pores and promotes the activation and accumulation of immune cells by releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators and immunogenic substances upon cell rupture. Pyroptosis comprises canonical (mediated by Caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by Caspase-4/5/11) molecular signaling pathways. Numerous studies have explored the contributory roles of inflammasome and pyroptosis in the progression of multiple pathological conditions such as tumors, nerve injury, inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome results in the activation of pyroptosis and inflammation. Current evidence suggests that pyroptosis-dependent cell death plays a progressive role in the development of diabetic complications including diabetic wound healing (DWH) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This review presents a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and addresses the current research on pyroptosis-dependent signaling pathways in the context of DWH. In this review, we also present some prospective therapeutic compounds/agents that can target pyroptotic signaling pathways, which may serve as new strategies for the effective treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui City, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Wound Healing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
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Gong Z, Gao X, Yang Q, Lun J, Xiao H, Zhong J, Cao H. Phosphorylation of ERK-Dependent NF-κB Triggers NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediated by Vimentin in EV71-Infected Glioblastoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134190. [PMID: 35807435 PMCID: PMC9268588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a dominant pathogenic agent that may cause severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases among infants and young children in the Asia-pacific. The inflammasome is closely implicated in EV71-induced CNS injuries through a series of signaling pathways. However, the activation pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome involved in EV71-mediated CNS injuries remains poorly defined. In the studies, EV71 infection, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of NLRP3 are abolished in glioblastoma cells with low vimentin expression by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown. PD098059, an inhibitor of p-ERK, remarkably blocks the vimentin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in EV71-infected cells. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 is dependent on p-ERK in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, NLRP3 activation and caspase-1 production are limited in EV71-infected cells upon the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) administration, an inhibitor of NF-κB, which contributes to the inflammasome regulation. In conclusion, these results suggest that EV71-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated via the VIM-ERK-NF-κB pathway, and the treatment of the dephosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB inhibitors is beneficial to host defense in EV71-infected CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Lun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hansen Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiayu Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.G.); (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (H.X.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +020-61648723
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Yadav S, Verma V, Dhanda RS, Khurana S, Yadav M. Latent Upregulation of Nlrp3, Nlrc4 and Aim2 Differentiates between Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis Infection. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1127-1148. [PMID: 33866944 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1909062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that causes trichomoniasis. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in trichomoniasis has been discussed in recent studies. The present study aimed to find out the involvement of Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and Aim2 in the BALB/c mouse model infected with symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates of T. vaginalis by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed a significantly increased expression of Nlrp3 in the vaginal tissue of the symptomatic group on the 2nd dpi and 14th dpi in the asymptomatic group, respectively. The cervical tissue of asymptomatic groups expressed higher Nlrp3 on 14th dpi than the symptomatic group. The Nlrc4 was expressed on 14th dpi in the vaginal and cervical tissues of mice infected with asymptomatic group as compared to the symptomatic group. Aim2 expression in vaginal tissue was highest at early time points in both the infected groups as compared to controls. However, in cervical tissues, a significant increase of Aim2 expression was observed on 14th dpi in asymptomatic as compared to the symptomatic group. The significantly higher expression of caspase-1 and caspase-4 was observed in cervical tissues of the asymptomatic group on 14th dpi as compared to the symptomatic group, respectively. All NLRs together resulted in higher IL-1β expression in the vaginal tissues of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. We conclude from this study that early expression of Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and Aim2 was seen in the symptomatic group as compared to the late-onset asymptomatic in the vaginal and cervical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sumeeta Khurana
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Xia W, Zhao J, Su B, Jiao Y, Weng W, Zhang M, Wang X, Guo C, Wu H, Zhang T, Gao Y, Li Z. Syphilitic infection impairs immunity by inducing both apoptosis and pyroptosis of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. Innate Immun 2020; 27:99-106. [PMID: 32873094 PMCID: PMC7780356 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920952840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is an important health problem worldwide; however, few studies have probed the impact of syphilitic infection on T cell turnover. The mechanisms behind the frequency of T cell subset changes and the associations between these subsets during syphilitic infection remain unclear. Herein, we used a cell-staining method and flow cytometry to explore changes in T cell subpopulations and potential contribution of apoptosis and pyroptosis that triggered therein. We investigated caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the major effector lymphocytes with pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. We found that the levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3 increased in both the circulation and intracellularly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Caspase-1 showed a continual increase from early latent stage infection through to phase 2 disease, whereas caspase-3 increased through to phase 1 disease but declined during phase 2. In addition, serum levels and intracellular expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 were positively correlated. Overall, this study increases our understanding of how syphilitic infection influences CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell turnover, which may help with designing novel and effective strategies to control syphilis infection and prevent its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, China
| | - Jinxue Zhao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Fangshan District, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, China
| | - Yanmei Jiao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of PLA, China *Wei Xia and Jinxue Zhao contributed equally to the article
| | - Wenjia Weng
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zaicun Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
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Verma V, Kumar P, Gupta S, Yadav S, Dhanda RS, Thorlacius H, Yadav M. α-Hemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12653. [PMID: 32724079 PMCID: PMC7387347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin expressing UPEC strains have been associated with severe advanced kidney pathologies, such as cystitis and pyelonephritis, which are associated with an inflammatory response. Macrophages play an important role in regulating an inflammatory response during a urinary tract infection. We have studied the role of purified recombinant α-hemolysin in inducing inflammatory responses and cell death in macrophages. Acylation at lysine residues through HlyC is known to activate proHlyA into a fully functional pore-forming toxin, HlyA. It was observed that active α-hemolysin (HlyA) induced cleavage of caspase-1 leading to the maturation of IL-1β, while inactive α-hemolysin (proHlyA) failed to do so in THP-1 derived macrophages. HlyA also promotes deubiquitination, oligomerization, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was found to be dependent on potassium efflux. We have also observed the co-localization of NLRP3 within mitochondria during HlyA stimulations. Moreover, blocking of potassium efflux improved the mitochondrial health in addition to a decreased inflammatory response. Our study demonstrates that HlyA stimulation caused perturbance in potassium homeostasis, which led to the mitochondrial dysfunction followed by an acute inflammatory response, resulting in cell death. However, the repletion of intracellular potassium stores could avoid HlyA induced macrophage cell death. The findings of this study will help to understand the mechanism of α-hemolysin induced inflammatory response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Hugh Kaul Genetics Building, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rakesh Singh Dhanda
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Longboat Explorers AB, SMiLE Incubator, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Li LH, Chen TL, Chiu HW, Hsu CH, Wang CC, Tai TT, Ju TC, Chen FH, Chernikov OV, Tsai WC, Hua KF. Critical Role for the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating IL-1β Production in Shigella sonnei-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1115. [PMID: 32582195 PMCID: PMC7283925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea worldwide, affecting more than 165 million people annually. Among the serotypes of Shigella, Shigella sonnei is physiologically unique and endemic in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men. The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1, recognizes, and responds to pathogen infection and diverse sterile host-derived or environmental danger signals to induce IL-1β and IL-18 production. Although the Shigella flexneri-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported, the effect of S. sonnei on NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. We found that S. sonnei induced IL-1β production through NLRP3-dependent pathways in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that S. sonnei induced IL-1β production through P2X7 receptor-mediated potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species generation, lysosomal acidification, and mitochondrial damage. In addition, the phagocytosis of viable S. sonnei was important for IL-1β production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 negatively regulated phagocytosis and the bactericidal activity of macrophages against S. sonnei. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by S. sonnei in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Wang
- Infectious Disease Division, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tai
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Verma V, Gupta S, Kumar P, Yadav S, Dhanda RS, Gaind R, Arora R, Frimodt-Møller N, Yadav M. Involvement of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasome in Uropathogenic E. coli Mediated Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2020. [PMID: 31551961 PMCID: PMC6734172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory response during urinary tract infection (UTI) is mediated by innate immune defense. Nod like receptors (NLRs) have been proposed to work simultaneously beside TLR pathways to mediate pro-inflammatory response and maintain tissue homeostasis. Some in vitro reports have showed the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome during uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) mediated UTI. So we have sought to determine the status of various inflammasomes and their components in UPEC mediated UTI. Methods A total of 186 females experiencing the first episode of UTI were recruited for the study and forty were found to be positive for UPEC (≥105 CFU/ml) in their urine (N = 40). Further, we analyzed the expression of NLRP3, NLRC4, NAIP, AIM2, ASC, CASPASE-4, and CASPASE-1 gene at mRNA and protein level in the blood of UPEC confirmed study subjects through real time qPCR and immunoblotting. Healthy females (N = 40) visiting the OPD for health checkups, family planning advice and subjects undergoing routine medical examinations, were recruited as healthy control subjects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MCP-1) were measured in the plasma of patients and controls through ELISA. For investigation of the involvement of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasome, in vitro studies were performed using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Results Most of the inflammatory regulators studied (i.e., NLRP3, NAIP, NLRC4, ASC, and CASPASE-1) were found to be up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the UPEC infected UTI patients. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MCP-1) were found to be up-regulated in the patients group. However, no significant difference was observed in the expression of AIM2 and CASPASE-4 genes at both mRNA and protein levels. Further, in vitro studies have shown the involvement of NLRC4 inflammasome in UPEC infected THP1 derived macrophages. Conclusion Involvement of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in UPEC infected UTI is evident from our findings. This is the first report showing levels of inflammasome and its components in UTI patients suggesting a possible role during UPEC mediated UTI. We have also reported the involvement of NLRC4 inflammasome for the first time during UTI infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mwatelah R, McKinnon LR, Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS. Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk. J Int AIDS Soc 2019; 22 Suppl 6:e25346. [PMID: 31468677 PMCID: PMC6715949 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, sexually transmitted infections (STI) affect >300 million people annually, and are a major cause of sexual and reproductive health complications in women. In this commentary, we describe how STIs interact with the immune and non-immune cells, both within and below the cervicovaginal mucosal barrier, to cause inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased HIV acquisition risk. DISCUSSION STIs have a major impact on the female genital mucosa, which is an important biological and physical barrier that forms the first line of defence against invading microorganisms such as HIV. Pattern recognition of STI pathogens, by receptors expressed either on the cell surface or inside the cell, typically triggers inflammation at the mucosal barrier. The types of mucosal responses vary by STI, and can be asymptomatic or culminate in the formation of discharge, ulcers and/or warts. While the aim of this response is to clear the invading microbes, in many cases these responses are either evaded or cause pathology that impairs barrier integrity and increases HIV access to target cells in the sub-mucosa. In addition, innate responses to STIs can result in an increased number of immune cells, including those that are the primary targets of HIV, and may contribute to the association between STIs and increased susceptibility to HIV acquisition. Many of these cells are mediators of adaptive immunity, including tissue-resident cells that may also display innate-like functions. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another common cause of inflammation, and evidence for multiple interactions between BV, STIs and HIV suggest that susceptibility to these conditions should be considered in concert. CONCLUSIONS STIs and other microbes can induce inflammation in the genital tract, perturbing the normal robust function of the mucosal barrier against HIV. While the impact of STIs on the mucosal immune system and HIV acquisition is often under-appreciated, understanding their interactions of the infections with the immune responses play an important role in improving treatment and reducing the risk of HIV acquisition. The frequent sub-clinical inflammation associated with STIs underscores the need for better STI diagnostics to reverse the immunological consequences of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mwatelah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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10
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Li LH, Lin JS, Chiu HW, Lin WY, Ju TC, Chen FH, Chernikov OV, Liu ML, Chang JC, Hsu CH, Chen A, Ka SM, Gao HW, Hua KF. Mechanistic Insight Into the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1815. [PMID: 31417575 PMCID: PMC6685137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea is a type III legal communicable disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), one of the most common sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide. NG infection can cause urethritis or systemic inflammation and may lead to infertility or other complications. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 and is an important part of the cellular machinery controlling the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the pathogenesis of numerous infectious diseases. It has been reported that NG infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; however, the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this report, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of NG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages were studied. The results indicated that viable NG, but not heat-killed or freeze/thaw-killed NG, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages through toll-like receptor 2, but not toll-like receptor 4. NG infection provided the priming signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that induced the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β precursor through the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, NG infection provided the activation signal to the NLRP3 inflammasome that activated caspase-1 through P2X7 receptor-dependent potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 knockout increased phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and increases the bactericidal activity of macrophages against NG. These findings provide potential molecular targets for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs that could ameliorate NG-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sing Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (PIBOC), Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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11
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Heil M, Vega-Muñoz I. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Mammals and Plants: Facts and Caveats. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:225-285. [PMID: 30904194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of nucleic acids in aberrant compartments is a signal of danger: fragments of cytosolic or extracellular self-DNA indicate cellular dysfunctions or disruption, whereas cytosolic fragments of nonself-DNA or RNA indicate infections. Therefore, nucleic acids trigger immunity in mammals and plants. In mammals, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense single-stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds) RNA or CpG-rich DNA, whereas various cytosolic receptors sense dsDNA. Although a self/nonself discrimination could favor targeted immune responses, no sequence-specific sensing of nucleic acids has been reported for mammals. Specific immune responses to extracellular self-DNA versus DNA from related species were recently reported for plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The subcellular localization of mammalian receptors can favor self/nonself discrimination based on the localization of DNA fragments. However, autoantibodies and diverse damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) shuttle DNA through membranes, and most of the mammalian receptors share downstream signaling elements such as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the master transcription regulators, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The resulting type I interferon (IFN) response stimulates innate immunity against multiple threats-from infection to physical injury or endogenous DNA damage-all of which lead to the accumulation of eDNA or cytoplasmatic dsDNA. Therefore, no or only low selective pressures might have favored a strict self/nonself discrimination in nucleic acid sensing. We conclude that the discrimination between self- and nonself-DNA is likely to be less strict-and less important-than assumed originally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heil
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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12
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Riestra AM, Valderrama JA, Patras KA, Booth SD, Quek XY, Tsai CM, Nizet V. Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:86-98. [PMID: 30391945 DOI: 10.1159/000493585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted, eukaryotic parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease in the USA and worldwide. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the host immune response to this widespread parasite. Here we report that T. vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages, leading to caspase-1 activation and the processing of pro-IL-1β to the mature and bioactive form of the cytokine. Using inhibitor-based approaches, we show that NLRP3 activation by T. vaginalis involves host cell detection of extracellular ATP via P2X7 receptors and potassium efflux. In addition, our data reveal that T. vaginalis inflammasome activation induces macrophage inflammatory cell death by pyroptosis, known to occur via caspase-1 cleavage of the gasdermin D protein, which assembles to form pores in the host cell membrane. We found that T. vaginalis-induced cytolysis of macrophages is attenuated in gasdermin D knockout cells. Lastly, in a murine challenge model, we detected IL-1β production in vaginal fluids in response to T. vaginalis infection in vivo. Together, our findings mechanistically dissect how T. vaginalis contributes to the production of the proinflammatory IL-1β cytokine and uncover pyroptosis as a mechanism by which the parasite can trigger host macrophage cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Montenegro Riestra
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J Andrés Valderrama
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn A Patras
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharon D Booth
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xing Yen Quek
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,
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13
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Data showing levels of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide in the plasma of uropathogenic E. coli infected UTI patients. Data Brief 2018; 19:526-529. [PMID: 29900351 PMCID: PMC5997911 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major cause of morbidity, affecting at least four million women worldwide, 65-75% of these infections are caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) (Foxman, 2010) [1]. Repertoire of virulence factors carried by UPEC provides the ability to precede urinary tract and additionally they provoke pro-inflammatory responses (Cirl et al., 2008; Verma et al., 2016) [2], [3]. In context to UPEC infected UTI patients, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and enzymatic antioxidant nitric oxide (NO) have not been reported worldwide till date, including India. In this data article, we report for the first time the levels of IL-1β and nitric oxide in the plasma of UPEC infected UTI patients. Data includes a profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and NO in the plasma of the confirmed UPEC infected UTI patients (N = 30) versus healthy controls (N = 40) from the present pilot study. The levels of IL-1β in plasma were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients (252.3 ± 6.49 pg/ml) as compared to healthy controls (127.6 ± 3.98 pg/ml), whereas plasma levels of NO were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in UPEC infected UTI patients (60.29 ± 1.1 μM) as compared to healthy controls (106.3 ± 8.75 μM).
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14
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Patel S. Inflammasomes, the cardinal pathology mediators are activated by pathogens, allergens and mutagens: A critical review with focus on NLRP3. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:819-825. [PMID: 28599247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a pivotal defense system of body. Unfortunately, when homeostasis falters, the same inflammatory mechanism acts as a double-edged sword, and turns offensive, paving the path for a broad array of pathologies. A multi-protein complex termed as inflammasome perceives the PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) and DAMPs (danger associated molecular patterns), executing immune responses. This activation predominantly encompasses the elaboration of effector cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and the cysteine proteases (caspase 1 and 11). Extensive study on an inflammasome NLRP3 has revealed its role in the onset and progression of pathogenic, metabolic, autoimmune, neural, and geriatric diseases. In this regard, this inflammasome's immune activation mechanisms and inhibition strategies have been discussed. Through this rigorous literature analysis, the superficial diversity between pathogens/allergens and mutagens, and NLRP3 activity towards them has been emphasized. Though there is a scope for inhibition of aberrant inflammasomes, including that of NLRP3, given their complexity and unpredictability, prevention of their activation by lifestyle correction has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., 92182 San Diego, CA USA.
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