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Fernandez-Flores A, Nieto Rodriguez D, Fernandez-Parrado M, Alzoghby-Abi Chaker J, Sendagorta Cudós E, Sobral Costas TG, Escudero Tornero R, Valladares-Narganes LM. Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder, Monomorphic Type, in a Kidney Transplant Patient After Administration of Anti-Influenza Vaccine. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:00000372-990000000-00205. [PMID: 37377227 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are rare complications in solid organ transplant patients. Their pathogenesis is largely unknown and closely linked to low immunity, which allows uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation. Although transplant patients receive annual influenza vaccination as a preventive protocol, we have not found any cases where the flu vaccine triggered a PTLD. We present the case of a 49-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who developed an Epstein-Barr virus-negative PTLD, CD30+ anaplastic monomorphic type, ALK-, which presented the day after a single dose of anti-influenza vaccine. The initial clinical presentation was subcutaneous, but imaging studies revealed multiorgan involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
- Research Department, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Chronic LCMV Infection Is Fortified with Versatile Tactics to Suppress Host T Cell Immunity and Establish Viral Persistence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101951. [PMID: 34696381 PMCID: PMC8537583 DOI: 10.3390/v13101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the immune regulatory strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), such as Clone 13, were isolated, LCMV infection of mice has served as a valuable model for the mechanistic study of viral immune suppression and virus persistence. The exhaustion of virus-specific T cells was demonstrated during LCMV infection, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated using LCMV infection in mouse models. In particular, the mechanism for gradual CD8+ T cell exhaustion at molecular and transcriptional levels has been investigated. These studies revealed crucial roles for inhibitory receptors, surface markers, regulatory cytokines, and transcription factors, including PD-1, PSGL-1, CXCR5, and TOX in the regulation of T cells. However, the action mode for CD4+ T cell suppression is largely unknown. Recently, sphingosine kinase 2 was proven to specifically repress CD4+ T cell proliferation and lead to LCMV persistence. As CD4+ T cell regulation was also known to be important for viral persistence, research to uncover the mechanism for CD4+ T cell repression could help us better understand how viruses launch and prolong their persistence. This review summarizes discoveries derived from the study of LCMV in regard to the mechanisms for T cell suppression and approaches for the termination of viral persistence with special emphasis on CD8+ T cells.
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Kovarik JJ, Kämpf AK, Gasser F, Herdina AN, Breuer M, Kaltenecker CC, Wahrmann M, Haindl S, Mayer F, Traby L, Touzeau-Roemer V, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Kussmann M, Robak O, Willschke H, Ay C, Säemann MD, Schmetterer KG, Strassl R. Identification of Immune Activation Markers in the Early Onset of COVID-19 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:651484. [PMID: 34540715 PMCID: PMC8446609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.651484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the specific cytokine profile in peripheral blood during the early onset of COVID-19 infection. This was a cross-sectional exploratory, single center study. A total of 55 plasma samples were studied. Serum samples of adults showing symptoms of COVID-19 infection who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (CoV+, n=18) at the COVID-19 outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Vienna were screened for immune activation markers by Luminex technology. Additionally, age and gender-matched serum samples of patients displaying COVID-19 associated symptoms, but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-, n=16) as well as healthy controls (HC, n=21) were analyzed. COVID-19 positive (CoV+) patients showed a specific upregulation of BLC (141; 74-189 pg/mL), SCD30 (273; 207-576 pg/mL), MCP-2 (18; 12-30 pg/mL) and IP-10 (37; 23-96 pg/mL), compared to patients with COVID19-like symptoms but negative PCR test (CoV-), BLC (61; 22-100 pg/mL), sCD30L (161; 120-210 pg/mL), MCP-2 (8; 5-12 pg/mL) and IP-10 (9; 6-12 pg/mL) and healthy controls (HC) (BLC 22; 11-36 pg/mL, sCD30 74; 39-108 pg/mL, MCP-2 6; 3-9. pg/mL, IP-10 = 8; 5-13). The markers APRIL, sIL-2R, IL7, MIF, MIP-1b, SCF, SDF-1a, sTNF-RII were elevated in both CoV+ and CoV- patient groups compared to healthy controls. HGF, MDC and VEGF-A were elevated in CoV- but not CoV+ compared to healthy controls. BLC, sCD30, MCP-2 and IP-10 are specifically induced during early stages of COVID-19 infection and might constitute attractive targets for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Kovarik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna K Kämpf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Gasser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna N Herdina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Breuer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Wahrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Haindl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Mayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Traby
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Kussmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Robak
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Care Ay
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus D Säemann
- 6th Medical Department With Nephrology and Dialysis, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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