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Ye D, Liu Q, Zhang C, Dai E, Fan J, Wu L. Relationship between immune cells and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112381. [PMID: 38865754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A major cause of death for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is the advent of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which has long plagued the long-term post-transplant prognosis and quality of survival of transplant patients. The intricacy of its pathophysiology and the irreversibility of its illness process present major obstacles to the clinical availability of medications. Immunotherapeutic medications are available, but they only aim to slow down the course of CLAD rather than having any therapeutic impact on the disease's development. For this reason, understanding the pathophysiology of CLAD is essential for both disease prevention and proven treatment. The immunological response in particular, in relation to chronic lung allograft dysfunction, has received a great deal of interest recently. Innate immune cells like natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity cells like T and B cells, play crucial roles in this process through the release of chemokines and cytokines. The present review delves into changes and processes within the immune microenvironment, with a particular focus on the quantity, subtype, and characteristics of effector immune cells in the peripheral and transplanted lungs after lung transplantation. We incorporate and solidify the documented role of immune cells in the occurrence and development of CLAD with the advancements in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enci Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Ruddle NH. Posttransplant Tertiary Lymphoid Organs. Transplantation 2024; 108:1090-1099. [PMID: 37917987 PMCID: PMC11042531 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), also known as tertiary or ectopic lymphoid structures or tissues, are accumulations of lymphoid cells in sites other than canonical lymphoid organs, that arise through lymphoid neogenesis during chronic inflammation in autoimmunity, microbial infection, cancer, aging, and transplantation, the focus of this review. Lymph nodes and TLOs are compared regarding their cellular composition, organization, vascular components, and migratory signal regulation. These characteristics of posttransplant TLOs (PT-TLOs) are described with individual examples in a wide range of organs including heart, kidney, trachea, lung, artery, skin, leg, hand, and face, in many species including human, mouse, rat, and monkey. The requirements for induction and maintenance of TLOs include sustained exposure to autoantigens, alloantigens, tumor antigens, ischemic reperfusion, nephrotoxic agents, and aging. Several staging schemes have been put forth regarding their function in organ rejection. PT-TLOs most often are associated with organ rejection, but in some cases contribute to tolerance. The role of PT-TLOs in cancer is considered in the case of immunosuppression. Furthermore, TLOs can be associated with development of lymphomas. Challenges for PT-TLO research are considered regarding staging, imaging, and opportunities for their therapeutic manipulation to inhibit rejection and encourage tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H. Ruddle
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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3
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Franco-Acevedo A, Pathoulas CL, Murphy PA, Valenzuela NM. The Transplant Bellwether: Endothelial Cells in Antibody-Mediated Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1276-1285. [PMID: 37844279 PMCID: PMC10593495 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Ab-mediated rejection of organ transplants remains a stubborn, frequent problem affecting patient quality of life, graft function, and grant survival, and for which few efficacious therapies currently exist. Although the field has gained considerable knowledge over the last two decades on how anti-HLA Abs cause acute tissue injury and promote inflammation, there has been a gap in linking these effects with the chronic inflammation, vascular remodeling, and persistent alloimmunity that leads to deterioration of graft function over the long term. This review will discuss new data emerging over the last 5 y that provide clues into how ongoing Ab-endothelial cell interactions may shape vascular fate and propagate alloimmunity in organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Franco-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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4
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Jafari N, Gheitasi R, Khorasani HR, Golpour M, Mehri M, Nayeri K, Pourbagher R, Mostafazadeh M, Kalali B, Mostafazadeh A. Proteome analysis, bioinformatic prediction and experimental evidence revealed immune response down-regulation function for serum-starved human fibroblasts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19238. [PMID: 37674821 PMCID: PMC10477462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that fibroblasts play pivotal roles in immunoregulation by producing various proteins under health and disease states. In the present study, for the first time, we compared the proteomes of serum-starved human skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Nano-LC-ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and cancer, which are intrinsically accompanied by growth factor deficiency.The proteomes of starved fibroblasts and PBMCs consisted of 307 and 294 proteins, respectively, which are involved in lymphocyte migration, complement activation, inflammation, acute phase response, and immune regulation. Starved fibroblasts predominantly produced extracellular matrix-related proteins such as collagen/collagenase, while PBMCs produced focal adhesion-related proteins like beta-parvin and vinculin which are involved in lymphocyte migration. PBMCs produced a more diverse set of inflammatory molecules like heat shock proteins, while fibroblasts produced human leukocytes antigen-G and -E that are known as main immunomodulatory molecules. Fifty-four proteins were commonly found in both proteomes, including serum albumin, amyloid-beta, heat shock cognate 71 kDa, and complement C3. GeneMANIA bioinformatic tool predicted 418 functions for PBMCs, including reactive oxygen species metabolic processes and 241 functions for starved fibroblasts such as antigen processing and presentation including non-classical MHC -Ib pathway, and negative regulation of the immune response. Protein-protein interactions network analysis indicated the immunosuppressive function for starved fibroblasts-derived human leucocytes antigen-G and -E. Moreover, in an in vitro model of allogeneic transplantation, the immunosuppressive activity of starved fibroblasts was experimentally documented. Conclusion Under serum starvation-induced metabolic stress, both PBMCs and fibroblasts produced molecules like heat shock proteins and amyloid-beta, which can have pathogenic roles in auto-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, aging, and cancer. However, starved fibroblasts showed immunosuppressive activity in an in vitro model of allogeneic transplantation, suggesting their potential to modify such adverse reactions by down-regulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Gheitasi
- Institutes for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Khorasani
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nayeri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Kalali
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, LMU University, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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5
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Londoño AC, Mora CA. Continued dysregulation of the B cell lineage promotes multiple sclerosis activity despite disease modifying therapies. F1000Res 2023; 10:1305. [PMID: 37655229 PMCID: PMC10467621 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74506.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear understanding of the origin and role of the different subtypes of the B cell lineage involved in the activity or remission of multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for the treatment and follow-up of patients living with this disease. B cells, however, are dynamic and can play an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role, depending on their milieu. Depletion of B cells has been effective in controlling the progression of MS, but it can have adverse side effects. A better understanding of the role of the B cell subtypes, through the use of surface biomarkers of cellular activity with special attention to the function of memory and other regulatory B cells (Bregs), will be necessary in order to offer specific treatments without inducing undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Londoño
- Neurologia y Neuroimagen, Instituto Neurologico de Colombia (INDEC), Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Mora
- Spine & Brain Institute, Ascension St. Vincent's Riverside Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, 32204, USA
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6
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Pfützner W, Polakova A, Möbs C. We are memory: B-cell responses in allergy and tolerance. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2048916. [PMID: 37098972 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The significance of B-cell memory in sustaining IgE-mediated allergies but also ensuring the development of long-term allergen tolerance has remained enigmatic. However, well-thought murine and human studies have begun to shed more light on this highly disputed subject. The present mini review highlights important aspects, like the involvement of IgG1 memory B cells, the meaning of low- or high-affinity IgE antibody production, the impact of allergen immunotherapy, or the relevance of local memory established by ectopic lymphoid structures. Based on recent findings, future investigations should lead to deeper knowledge and the development of improved therapies treating allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Pfützner
- Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Polakova
- Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Zhang H, Cavazzoni CB, Hanson BL, Bechu ED, Podestà MA, Azzi J, Blazar BR, Chong AS, Kreisel D, Alessandrini A, Sage PT. Transcriptionally Distinct B Cells Infiltrate Allografts After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:e47-e57. [PMID: 36398326 PMCID: PMC9877106 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following allogeneic kidney transplantation, a substantial proportion of graft loss is attributed to the formation of donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection. B cells infiltrate kidney grafts during antibody-mediated rejection; however, the origins, repertoires, and functions of these intrarenal B cells remain elusive. METHODS Here, we use murine allogeneic kidney transplant models to study the origins, transcriptional programming and B cell receptor repertoire of intragraft B cells, and in vitro stimulation assays to evaluate the ability of intragraft B cells to promote CD4+ T cell expansion. RESULTS B cells infiltrate kidney grafts in settings of allogeneic, but not syngeneic, transplantation. Intragraft B cells have characteristics of activation but are transcriptionally distinct from germinal center B cells and resemble innate-like B cells. B cell receptor sequencing demonstrates that the majority of intragraft B cells do not originate from lymph node germinal center B cells and are largely germline. Class-switched intragraft B cells are rare but can be donor-specific and produce IgG capable of binding to the kidney allograft. Lastly, intrarenal B cells are capable of stimulating naive T cells but have an altered ability to promote T follicular helper cell expansion. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate that intrarenal B cells during transplant rejection are transcriptionally distinct from lymph node B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Benjamin L. Hanson
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Elsa D. Bechu
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Manuel A. Podestà
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alessandro Alessandrini
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
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8
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Sato Y, Tamura M, Yanagita M. Tertiary lymphoid tissues: a regional hub for kidney inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:26-33. [PMID: 34245300 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of chronic inflammation in nonlymphoid organs. As with lymph nodes, TLTs initiate adaptive immune responses and coordinate local tissue immunity. Although virtually ignored for decades, TLTs have recently received a great deal of attention for their ability to influence disease severity, prognosis and response to therapy in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders and infections. TLTs are also induced in kidneys of patients with chronic kidney diseases such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Nevertheless, TLTs in the kidney have not been extensively investigated and their mechanism of development, functions and clinical relevance remain unknown, mainly because of the absence of adequate murine kidney TLT models and limited availability of human kidney samples containing TLTs. We recently found that aged kidneys, but not young kidneys, exhibit multiple TLTs after injury. Interestingly, although they are a minor component of TLTs, resident fibroblasts in the kidneys diversify into several distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in TLT formation. Furthermore, the potential of TLTs as a novel kidney injury/inflammation marker as well as a novel therapeutic target for kidney diseases is also suggested. In this review article we describe the current understanding of TLTs with a focus on age-dependent TLTs in the kidney and discuss their potential as a novel therapeutic target and kidney inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Cousin VN, Perez GF, Payne KJ, Voll RE, Rizzi M, Mueller CG, Warnatz K. Lymphoid stromal cells - potential implications for the pathogenesis of CVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122905. [PMID: 36875120 PMCID: PMC9982092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-hematopoietic lymphoid stromal cells (LSC) maintain lymph node architecture and form niches allowing the migration, activation, and survival of immune cells. Depending on their localization in the lymph node, these cells display heterogeneous properties and secrete various factors supporting the different activities of the adaptive immune response. LSCs participate in the transport of antigen from the afferent lymph as well as in its delivery into the T and B cell zones and organize cell migration via niche-specific chemokines. While marginal reticular cells (MRC) are equipped for initial B-cell priming and T zone reticular cells (TRC) provide the matrix for T cell-dendritic cell interactions within the paracortex, germinal centers (GC) only form when both T- and B cells successfully interact at the T-B border and migrate within the B-cell follicle containing the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network. Unlike most other LSCs, FDCs are capable of presenting antigen via complement receptors to B cells, which then differentiate within this niche and in proximity to T follicular helper (TFH) cells into memory and plasma cells. LSCs are also implicated in maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. In mice, TRCs induce the alternative induction of regulatory T cells instead of TFH cells by presenting tissue-restricted self-antigens to naïve CD4 T cells via MHC-II expression. This review explores potential implications of our current knowledge of LSC populations regarding the pathogenesis of humoral immunodeficiency and autoimmunity in patients with autoimmune disorders or common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Cousin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guillermo F Perez
- Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRS UPR3572, Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Life Science, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kathryn J Payne
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRS UPR3572, Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Life Science, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Maz MP, Martens JWS, Hannoudi A, Reddy AL, Hile GA, Kahlenberg JM. Recent advances in cutaneous lupus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102865. [PMID: 35858957 PMCID: PMC10082587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory and autoimmune skin condition that affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and exists as an isolated entity without associated SLE. Flares of CLE, often triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light result in lost productivity and poor quality of life for patients and can be associated with trigger of systemic inflammation. In the past 10 years, the knowledge of CLE etiopathogenesis has grown, leading to promising targets for better therapies. Development of lesions likely begins in a pro-inflammatory epidermis, conditioned by excess type I interferon (IFN) production to undergo increased cell death and inflammatory cytokine production after UV light exposure. The reasons for this inflammatory predisposition are not well-understood, but may be an early event, as ANA + patients without criteria for autoimmune disease exhibit similar (although less robust) findings. Non-lesional skin of SLE patients also exhibits increased innate immune cell infiltration, conditioned by excess IFNs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentially increase activation of the adaptive immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are also found in non-lesional skin and may contribute to type I IFN production, although this finding is now being questioned by new data. Once the inflammatory cycle begins, lesional infiltration by numerous other cell populations ensues, including IFN-educated T cells. The heterogeneity amongst lesional CLE subtypes isn't fully understood, but B cells appear to discriminate discoid lupus erythematosus from other subtypes. Continued discovery will provide novel targets for additional therapeutic pursuits. This review will comprehensively discuss the contributions of tissue-specific and immune cell populations to the initiation and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra P Maz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob W S Martens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Hannoudi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alayka L Reddy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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11
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Lynch TJ, Ahlers BA, Swatek AM, Ievlev V, Pai AC, Brooks L, Tang Y, Evans IA, Meyerholz DK, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Ferret Lung Transplantation Models Differential Lymphoid Aggregate Morphology Between Restrictive and Obstructive Forms of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Transplantation 2022; 106:1974-1989. [PMID: 35442232 PMCID: PMC9529760 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD has 2 histologic phenotypes, namely obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) and restrictive alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE), which have distinct clinical presentations, pathologies, and outcomes. Understanding of OB versus AFE pathogenesis would improve with better animal models. METHODS We utilized a ferret orthotopic single-lung transplantation model to characterize allograft fibrosis as a histologic measure of CLAD. Native lobes and "No CLAD" allografts lacking aberrant histology were used as controls. We used morphometric analysis to evaluate the size and abundance of B-cell aggregates and tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and their cell composition. Quantitative RNA expression of 47 target genes was performed simultaneously using a custom QuantiGene Plex Assay. RESULTS Ferret lung allografts develop the full spectrum of human CLAD histology including OB and AFE subtypes. While both OB and AFE allografts developed TLOs, TLO size and number were greater with AFE histology. More activated germinal center cells marked by B-cell lymphoma 6 Transcription Repressor, (B-cell lymphoma 6) expression and fewer cells expressing forkhead box P3 correlated with AFE, congruent with greater diffuse immunoglobulin, plasma cell abundance, and complement 4d staining. Furthermore, forkhead box P3 RNA induction was significant in OB allografts specifically. RNA expression changes were seen in native lobes of animals with AFE but not OB when compared with No CLAD native lobes. CONCLUSIONS The orthotopic ferret single-lung transplant model provides unique opportunities to better understand factors that dispose allografts to OB versus AFE. This will help develop potential immunomodulatory therapies and antifibrotic approaches for lung transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony M. Swatek
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leonard Brooks
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Idil A. Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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12
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Goyal G, Prabhala P, Mahajan G, Bausk B, Gilboa T, Xie L, Zhai Y, Lazarovits R, Mansour A, Kim MS, Patil A, Curran D, Long JM, Sharma S, Junaid A, Cohen L, Ferrante TC, Levy O, Prantil‐Baun R, Walt DR, Ingber DE. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicle Formation and Human Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Responses Recapitulated in an Organ-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103241. [PMID: 35289122 PMCID: PMC9109055 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid follicles (LFs) are responsible for generation of adaptive immune responses in secondary lymphoid organs and form ectopically during chronic inflammation. A human model of ectopic LF formation will provide a tool to understand LF development and an alternative to non-human primates for preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Here, it is shown that primary human blood B- and T-lymphocytes autonomously assemble into ectopic LFs when cultured in a 3D extracellular matrix gel within one channel of a two-channel organ-on-a-chip microfluidic device. Superfusion via a parallel channel separated by a microporous membrane is required for LF formation and prevents lymphocyte autoactivation. These germinal center-like LFs contain B cells expressing Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and exhibit plasma cell differentiation upon activation. To explore their utility for seasonal vaccine testing, autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells are integrated into LF Chips. The human LF chips demonstrate improved antibody responses to split virion influenza vaccination compared to 2D cultures, which are enhanced by a squalene-in-water emulsion adjuvant, and this is accompanied by increases in LF size and number. When inoculated with commercial influenza vaccine, plasma cell formation and production of anti-hemagglutinin IgG are observed, as well as secretion of cytokines similar to vaccinated humans over clinically relevant timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Pranav Prabhala
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Bruce Bausk
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Liangxia Xie
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Roey Lazarovits
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Adam Mansour
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Aditya Patil
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Danielle Curran
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Long
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Abidemi Junaid
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Limor Cohen
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Thomas C. Ferrante
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Oren Levy
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil‐Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - David R. Walt
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA
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13
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Fleig S, Kapanadze T, Bernier-Latmani J, Lill JK, Wyss T, Gamrekelashvili J, Kijas D, Liu B, Hüsing AM, Bovay E, Jirmo AC, Halle S, Ricke-Hoch M, Adams RH, Engel DR, von Vietinghoff S, Förster R, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haller H, Petrova TV, Limbourg FP. Loss of vascular endothelial notch signaling promotes spontaneous formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2022. [PMID: 35440634 PMCID: PMC9018798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like immune cell clusters that emerge during chronic inflammation in non-lymphoid organs like the kidney, but their origin remains not well understood. Here we show, using conditional deletion strategies of the canonical Notch signaling mediator Rbpj, that loss of endothelial Notch signaling in adult mice induces the spontaneous formation of bona fide TLS in the kidney, liver and lung, based on molecular, cellular and structural criteria. These TLS form in a stereotypical manner around parenchymal arteries, while secondary lymphoid structures remained largely unchanged. This effect is mediated by endothelium of blood vessels, but not lymphatics, since a lymphatic endothelial-specific targeting strategy did not result in TLS formation, and involves loss of arterial specification and concomitant acquisition of a high endothelial cell phenotype, as shown by transcriptional analysis of kidney endothelial cells. This indicates a so far unrecognized role for vascular endothelial cells and Notch signaling in TLS initiation. Loss of canonical Notch signaling in vascular endothelial cells induces spontaneous formation of proto-typical tertiary lymphoid structures in mouse kidney, liver and lungs, which form around central arteries that acquire a high endothelial cell signature
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fleig
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine (Medical Clinic VI), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia K Lill
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Medical Research Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tania Wyss
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dustin Kijas
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne M Hüsing
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Esther Bovay
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Medical Research Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Medicine I, Nephrology section, UKB Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Complications of Oncologic Therapies, Medical Faculty of the Philipps University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Ohm B, Jungraithmayr W. B Cell Immunity in Lung Transplant Rejection - Effector Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845867. [PMID: 35320934 PMCID: PMC8934882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection remains the major hurdle in lung transplantation despite modern immunosuppressive treatment. As part of the alloreactive process, B cells are increasingly recognized as modulators of alloimmunity and initiators of a donor-specific humoral response. In chronically rejected lung allografts, B cells contribute to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and promote local alloimmune responses. However, B cells are functionally heterogeneous and some B cell subsets may promote alloimmune tolerance. In this review, we describe the current understanding of B-cell-dependent mechanisms in pulmonary allograft rejection and highlight promising future strategies that employ B cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Ohm
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Hikosaka-Kuniishi M, Yamane T, Isono K, Tetteh DN, Yamazaki H. Isolation of CD35+ follicular dendritic cells and its role in the differentiation from B cells to IgA+GL7+ cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 243:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Glauzy S, Olson B, May CK, Parisi D, Massad C, Hansen JE, Ryu C, Herzog EL, Meffre E. Defective Early B Cell Tolerance Checkpoints in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Allow the Production of Self Antigen-Specific Clones. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:307-317. [PMID: 34279059 PMCID: PMC8766600 DOI: 10.1002/art.41927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early selection steps preventing autoreactive naive B cell production are often impaired in patients with autoimmune diseases, but central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints have not been assessed in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study was undertaken to characterize early B cell tolerance checkpoints in patients with SSc. METHODS Using an in vitro polymerase chain reaction-based approach that allows the expression of recombinant antibodies cloned from single B cells, we tested the reactivity of antibodies expressed by 212 CD19+CD21low CD10+IgMhigh CD27- new emigrant/transitional B cells and 190 CD19+CD21+CD10-IgM+CD27- mature naive B cells from 10 patients with SSc. RESULTS Compared to serum from healthy donors, serum from patients with SSc displayed elevated proportions of polyreactive and antinuclear-reactive new emigrant/transitional B cells that recognize topoisomerase I, suggesting that defective central B cell tolerance contributes to the production of serum autoantibodies characteristic of the disease. Frequencies of autoreactive mature naive B cells were also significantly increased in SSc patients compared to healthy donors, thus indicating that a peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoint may be impaired in SSc. CONCLUSION Defective counterselection of developing autoreactive naive B cells in SSc leads to the production of self antigen-specific B cells that may secrete autoantibodies and allow the formation of immune complexes, which promote fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brennan Olson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher K. May
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Massad
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James E. Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Correspondence to: Eric Meffre, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 353F, New Haven, CT 06511, USA., Phone: 203-737-4535, Fax: 203-785-7903,
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17
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Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid aggregates, termed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), are formed in numerous cancer types, and, with few exceptions, their presence is associated with superior prognosis and response to immunotherapy. In spite of their presumed importance, the triggers that lead to TLS formation in cancer tissue and the contribution of these structures to intratumoral immune responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we discuss the present knowledge on TLSs in cancer, focusing on (i) the drivers of TLS formation, (ii) the function and contribution of TLSs to the antitumor immune response, and (iii) the potential of TLSs as therapeutic targets in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Abd El-Aleem SA, Saber EA, Aziz NM, El-Sherif H, Abdelraof AM, Djouhri L. Follicular dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:2019-2033. [PMID: 34918359 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are unique accessory immune cells that contribute to the regulation of humoral immunity. They are multitasker cells essential for the organization and maintenance of the lymphoid architecture, induction of germinal center reaction, production of B memory cells, and protection from autoimmune disorders. They perform their activities through both antigen-driven and chemical signaling to B cells. FDCs play a crucial role in the physiological regulation of the immune response. Dis-regulation of this immune response results when FDCs retain antigens for years. This provides a constant antigenic stimulation for B cells resulting in the development of immune disorders. Antigen trapped on FDCs is resistant to therapeutic intervention causing chronicity and recurrences. Beyond their physiological immunoregulatory functions, FDCs are involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-related disorders including HIV/AIDS, prion diseases, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. FDCs have also been recently implicated in rare neoplasms of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. Understanding FDC biology is essential for better control of humoral immunity and opens the gate for therapeutic management of FDC-mediated immune disorders. Thus, the biology of FDCs has become a hot research area in the last couple of decades. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of FDCs and their role in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University, Minya, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Neven M Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hani El-Sherif
- Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelraof
- Public Health, Community, Environmental and Occupational Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Innate-like self-reactive B cells infiltrate human renal allografts during transplant rejection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4372. [PMID: 34272370 PMCID: PMC8285506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal B cells in human renal allografts indicate transplant recipients with a poor prognosis, but how these cells contribute to rejection is unclear. Here we show using single-cell RNA sequencing that intrarenal class-switched B cells have an innate cell transcriptional state resembling mouse peritoneal B1 or B-innate (Bin) cells. Antibodies generated by Bin cells do not bind donor-specific antigens nor are they enriched for reactivity to ubiquitously expressed self-antigens. Rather, Bin cells frequently express antibodies reactive with either renal-specific or inflammation-associated antigens. Furthermore, local antigens can drive Bin cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells expressing self-reactive antibodies. These data show a mechanism of human inflammation in which a breach in organ-restricted tolerance by infiltrating innate-like B cells drives local tissue destruction. Intrarenal B cells are indicative of poor prognosis in human renal allografts. Here the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to examine how intrarenal B cells contribute to renal rejection and find a population of innate B cells reactive to renal-specific or inflammation-associated antigens.
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20
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Kennedy DE, Clark MR. Compartments and Connections Within the Germinal Center. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659151. [PMID: 33868306 PMCID: PMC8045557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective high affinity antibody responses emerge through an orchestrated developmental process that occurs in germinal centers (GCs). While GCs have been appreciated since 1930, a wealth of recent progress provides new insights into the molecular and cellular dynamics governing humoral immunity. In this review, we highlight advances that demonstrate that fundamental GC B cell function, selection, proliferation and SHM occur within distinct cell states. The resulting new model provides new opportunities to understand the evolution of immunity in infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus R. Clark
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Salem D, Chelvanambi M, Storkus WJ, Fecek RJ. Cutaneous Melanoma: Mutational Status and Potential Links to Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629519. [PMID: 33746966 PMCID: PMC7970117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have enabled rapid evolution of novel interventional approaches designed to reinvigorate and expand patient immune responses against cancer. An emerging approach in cancer immunology involves the conditional induction of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which are non-encapsulated ectopic lymphoid structures forming at sites of chronic, pathologic inflammation. Cutaneous melanoma (CM), a highly-immunogenic form of solid cancer, continues to rise in both incidence and mortality rate, with recent reports supporting a positive correlation between the presence of TLS in melanoma and beneficial treatment outcomes amongst advanced-stage patients. In this context, TLS in CM are postulated to serve as dynamic centers for the initiation of robust anti-tumor responses within affected regions of active disease. Given their potential importance to patient outcome, significant effort has been recently devoted to gaining a better understanding of TLS neogenesis and the influence these lymphoid organs exert within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we briefly review TLS structure, function, and response to treatment in the setting of CM. To uncover potential tumor-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate TLS formation, we have taken the novel perspective of evaluating TLS induction in melanomas impacted by common driver mutations in BRAF, PTEN, NRAS, KIT, PRDM1, and MITF. Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we show expression of DNA repair proteins (DRPs) including BRCA1, PAXIP, ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, MSH2, and PMS2 to be negatively correlated with expression of pro-TLS genes, suggesting DRP loss may favor TLS development in support of improved patient outcome and patient response to interventional immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Salem
- Department of Microbiology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA, United States
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Microbiology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA, United States
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22
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Abstract
The majority of cells comprising the inflammatory infiltrates in kidney allografts undergoing acute and/or chronic rejection are typically T cells and monocyte/macrophages with B cells, plasma cells, and eosinophils accounting for <5%. In a significant minority of biopsies, B lineage cells (B cells and/or plasma cells) may be found more abundantly. Although plasma cell infiltrates tend to be more diffuse, B cells tend to aggregate into nodules that may mature into tertiary lymphoid organs. Given the ability to target B cells with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and plasma cells with proteasome inhibitors and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, it is increasingly important to determine the significance of such infiltrates. Both cell types are potential effectors of rejection, but both also have a tolerizing potential. B cell infiltrates have been associated with steroid resistance and reduced graft survival in some studies but not in others, and their presence should not prompt automatic depletional therapy. Plasma cell-rich infiltrates tend to occur later, may be associated with cell-mediated and/or antibody-mediated rejection, and portend an adverse outcome. Viral infection and malignancy must be ruled out. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the appropriateness of specific therapy when B cells and/or plasma cells are found. No strong therapeutic recommendations can be made at this time.
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23
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Menon M, Hussell T, Ali Shuwa H. Regulatory B cells in respiratory health and diseases. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:61-73. [PMID: 33410165 PMCID: PMC7986090 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cells are critical mediators of humoral immune responses in the airways through antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. In addition, a subset of B cells, known as regulatory B cells (Bregs), exhibit immunosuppressive functions via diverse regulatory mechanisms. Bregs modulate immune responses via the secretion of IL‐10, IL‐35, and tumor growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and by direct cell contact. The balance between effector and regulatory B cell functions is critical in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The importance of Bregs in airway immune responses is emphasized by the different respiratory disorders associated with abnormalities in Breg numbers and function. In this review, we summarize the role of immunosuppressive Bregs in airway inflammatory diseases and highlight the importance of this subset in the maintenance of respiratory health. We propose that improved understanding of signals in the lung microenvironment that drive Breg differentiation can provide novel therapeutic avenues for improved management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Halima Ali Shuwa
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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24
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Negron A, Stüve O, Forsthuber TG. Ectopic Lymphoid Follicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Centers for Disease Control? Front Neurol 2020; 11:607766. [PMID: 33363512 PMCID: PMC7753025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.607766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is widely accepted, the advent of B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies has shed new light on the complex cellular mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis. Evidence supports the involvement of B cells in both antibody-dependent and -independent capacities. T cell-dependent B cell responses originate and take shape in germinal centers (GCs), specialized microenvironments that regulate B cell activation and subsequent differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) or memory B cells, a process for which CD4+ T cells, namely follicular T helper (TFH) cells, are indispensable. ASCs carry out their effector function primarily via secreted Ig but also through the secretion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Memory B cells, in addition to being capable of rapidly differentiating into ASCs, can function as potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cognate memory CD4+ T cells. Aberrant B cell responses are prevented, at least in part, by follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells, which are key suppressors of GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses through the expression of inhibitory receptors and cytokines, such as CTLA4 and IL-10, respectively. Therefore, GCs represent a critical site of peripheral B cell tolerance, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In MS patients, the presence of GC-like leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid follicles (eLFs) has prompted their investigation as potential sources of pathogenic B and T cell responses. This hypothesis is supported by elevated levels of CXCL13 and circulating TFH cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, both of which are required to initiate and maintain GC reactions. Additionally, eLFs in post-mortem MS patient samples are notably devoid of TFR cells. The ability of GCs to generate and perpetuate, but also regulate autoreactive B and T cell responses driving MS pathology makes them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will summarize the evidence from both humans and animal models supporting B cells as drivers of MS, the role of GC-like eLFs in the pathogenesis of MS, and mechanisms controlling GC-derived autoreactive B cell responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Negron
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Neurology Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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25
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Siu JH, Motallebzadeh R, Pettigrew GJ. Humoral autoimmunity after solid organ transplantation: Germinal ideas may not be natural. Cell Immunol 2020; 354:104131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Fetter T, Wenzel J. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: The impact of self-amplifying innate and adaptive immune responses and future prospects of targeted therapies. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1123-1132. [PMID: 32633821 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease encompassing a broad spectrum of skin conditions including localized plaques or widespread lesions, which may be accompanied by systemic involvement (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)). The disease is characterized by necroptotic keratinocytes and a cytotoxic immune cell infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), orchestrated by interferon (IFN)-regulated proinflammatory cytokines. Molecular analyses revealed a strong upregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways in lesional skin including DNA-recognition pathways, chemokine signalling, antigen presentation and B- and T-cell activation, which are believed to interact in a complex self-amplifying network. Concerning adaptive immune signalling, particularly B cells are currently being studied as there is growing evidence for additional abilities besides autoantibody expression in skin autoimmunity. These detailed insights have paved the way for the development of drugs targeting crucial molecules of pathogenic immune cells and pathways. Moreover, they forwarded the understanding of distinct molecular mechanisms within CLE subtypes, which might enable a more mechanism-directed, stratified pharmacotherapy of LE skin lesions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Fetter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Ng J, Wright K, Alvarez M, Hunninghake GM, Wesemann DR. Rituximab Monotherapy for Common Variable Immune Deficiency-Associated Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease. Chest 2020; 155:e117-e121. [PMID: 31060706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can develop granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treating GLILD is a significant challenge because it is rare and can be pathologically heterogeneous. Here we describe two cases of patients with CVID-associated GLILD with biopsies demonstrating loosely organized tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Based on the pivotal role that B cells play in TLS initiation and maintenance, we hypothesized that using rituximab monotherapy for B-cell depletion alone would be sufficient for the disruption of the pathologic process underlying GLILD. These two cases demonstrate that adapting a strategy of B cell depletion monotherapy may be effective in TLS-associated conditions such as GLILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyle Wright
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maura Alvarez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Duane R Wesemann
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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28
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Debes GF, McGettigan SE. Skin-Associated B Cells in Health and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:1659-1666. [PMID: 30833422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the skin was believed to be devoid of B cells, and studies of the skin immune system have largely focused on other types of leukocytes. Exciting recent data show that B cells localize to the healthy skin of humans and other mammalian species with likely homeostatic functions in host defense, regulation of microbial communities, and wound healing. Distinct skin-associated B cell subsets drive or suppress cutaneous inflammatory responses with important clinical implications. Localized functions of skin-associated B cell subsets during inflammation comprise Ab production, interactions with skin T cells, tertiary lymphoid tissue formation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines but also include immunosuppression by providing IL-10. In this review, we delve into the intriguing new roles of skin-associated B cells in homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Shannon E McGettigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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29
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Luo S, Zhu R, Yu T, Fan H, Hu Y, Mohanta SK, Hu D. Chronic Inflammation: A Common Promoter in Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Neogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2938. [PMID: 31921189 PMCID: PMC6930186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) frequently develop locally in adults in response to non-resolving inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to the differentiation of stromal fibroblast cells toward lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells, which interact with lymphotoxin α1β2+ immune cells. The interaction initiates lymphoid neogenesis by recruiting immune cells to the site of inflammation and ultimately leads to the formation of TLOs. Mature TLOs harbor a segregated T-cell zone, B-cell follicles with an activated germinal center, follicular dendritic cells, and high endothelial venules, which architecturally resemble those in secondary lymphoid organs. Since CXCL13 and LTα1β2 play key roles in TLO neogenesis, they might constitute potential biomarkers of TLO activity. The well-developed TLOs actively regulate local immune responses and influence disease progression, and they are thereby regarded as the powerhouses of local immunity. In this review, we recapitulated the determinants for TLOs development, with great emphasis on the fundamental role of chronic inflammation and tissue-resident stromal cells for TLO neogenesis, hence offering guidance for therapeutic interventions in TLO-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sarajo Kumar Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Desheng Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Watanabe T, Martinu T, Chruscinski A, Boonstra K, Joe B, Horie M, Guan Z, Bei KF, Hwang DM, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Juvet SC. A B cell-dependent pathway drives chronic lung allograft rejection after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:3377-3389. [PMID: 31365766 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) limits long-term survival after lung transplant (LT). Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) promotes chronic rejection (CR) and CLAD, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To examine mechanisms linking IRI to CR, a mouse orthotopic LT model using a minor alloantigen strain mismatch (C57BL/10 [B10, H-2b ] → C57BL/6 [B6, H-2b ]) and isograft controls (B6→B6) was used with antecedent minimal or prolonged graft storage. The latter resulted in IRI with subsequent airway and parenchymal fibrosis in prolonged storage allografts but not isografts. This pattern of CR after IRI was associated with the formation of B cell-rich tertiary lymphoid organs within the grafts and circulating autoantibodies. These processes were attenuated by B cell depletion, despite preservation of allograft T cell content. Our observations suggest that IRI may promote B cell recruitment that drives CR after LT. These observations have implications for the mechanisms leading to CLAD after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Watanabe
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrzej Chruscinski
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Joe
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miho Horie
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zehong Guan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ke Fan Bei
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen C Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Liu L, Fang C, Fu W, Jiang B, Li G, Qin L, Rosenbluth J, Gong G, Xie CB, Yoo P, Tellides G, Pober JS, Jane-Wit D. Endothelial Cell-Derived Interleukin-18 Released During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Selectively Expands T Peripheral Helper Cells to Promote Alloantibody Production. Circulation 2019; 141:464-478. [PMID: 31744330 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) predisposes to the formation of donor-specific antibodies, a factor contributing to chronic rejection and late allograft loss. METHODS We describe a mechanism underlying the correlative association between IRI and donor-specific antibodies by using humanized models and patient specimens. RESULTS IRI induces immunoglobulin M-dependent complement activation on endothelial cells that assembles an NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome via a Rab5-ZFYVE21-NIK axis and upregulates ICOS-L (inducible costimulator ligand) and PD-L2 (programmed death ligand 2). Endothelial cell-derived interleukin-18 (IL-18) selectively expands a T-cell population (CD4+CD45RO+PD-1hiICOS+CCR2+CXCR5-) displaying features of recently described T peripheral helper cells. This population highly expressed IL-18R1 and promoted donor-specific antibodies in response to IL-18 in vivo. In patients with delayed graft function, a clinical manifestation of IRI, these cells were Ki-67+IL-18R1+ and could be expanded ex vivo in response to IL-18. CONCLUSIONS IRI promotes elaboration of IL-18 from endothelial cells to selectively expand alloreactive IL-18R1+ T peripheral helper cells in allograft tissues to promote donor-specific antibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.L., C.F., W.F., D.J.-w.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Caodi Fang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.L., C.F., W.F., D.J.-w.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Whitney Fu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.L., C.F., W.F., D.J.-w.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery (B.J., G.L., L.Q., P.Y., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery (B.J., G.L., L.Q., P.Y., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery (B.J., G.L., L.Q., P.Y., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Gavin Gong
- Collegiate School, New York, NY (J.R., G.G.)
| | - Catherine B Xie
- Department of Immunobiology (C.B.X., J.S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Peter Yoo
- Department of Surgery (B.J., G.L., L.Q., P.Y., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery (B.J., G.L., L.Q., P.Y., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology (C.B.X., J.S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.L., C.F., W.F., D.J.-w.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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32
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Foster MH, Ord JR, Zhao EJ, Birukova A, Fee L, Korte FM, Asfaw YG, Roggli VL, Ghio AJ, Tighe RM, Clark AG. Silica Exposure Differentially Modulates Autoimmunity in Lupus Strains and Autoantibody Transgenic Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2336. [PMID: 31632407 PMCID: PMC6781616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalational exposure to crystalline silica is linked to several debilitating systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by a prominent humoral immune component, but the mechanisms by which silica induces autoantibodies is poorly understood. To better understand how silica lung exposure breaks B cell tolerance and unleashes autoreactive B cells, we exposed both wildtype mice of healthy C57BL/6 and lupus-prone BXSB, MRL, and NZB strains and mice carrying an autoantibody transgene on each of these backgrounds to instilled silica or vehicle and monitored lung injury, autoimmunity, and B cell fate. Silica exposure induced lung damage and pulmonary lymphoid aggregates in all strains, including in genetically diverse backgrounds and in autoantibody transgenic models. In wildtype mice strain differences were observed in specificity of autoantibodies and site of enhanced autoantibody production, consistent with genetic modulation of the autoimmune response to silica. The unique autoantibody transgene reporter system permitted the in vivo fate of autoreactive B cells and tolerance mechanisms to be tracked directly, and demonstrated the presence of transgenic B cells and antibody in pulmonary lymphoid aggregates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, respectively, as well as in spleen and serum. Nonetheless, B cell enumeration and transgenic antibody quantitation indicated that B cell deletion and anergy were intact in the different genetic backgrounds. Thus, silica exposure sufficient to induce substantial lung immunopathology did not overtly disrupt central B cell tolerance, even when superimposed on autoimmune genetic susceptibility. This suggests that silica exposure subverts tolerance at alternative checkpoints, such as regulatory cells or follicle entry, or requires additional interactions or co-exposures to induce loss of tolerance. This possibility is supported by results of differentiation assays that demonstrated transgenic autoantibodies in supernatants of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/TLR9-stimulated splenocytes harvested from silica-exposed, but not vehicle-exposed, C57BL/6 mice. This suggests that lung injury induced by silica exposure has systemic effects that subtly alter autoreactive B cell regulation, possibly modulating B cell anergy, and that can be unmasked by superimposed exposure to TLR ligands or other immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Foster
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Ord
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Emma J Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anastasiya Birukova
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lanette Fee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Francesca M Korte
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yohannes G Asfaw
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amy G Clark
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States.,Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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34
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Platt JL, Cascalho M. Non-canonical B cell functions in transplantation. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:363-377. [PMID: 30980861 PMCID: PMC6544480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against microorganisms and the products of microorganisms and constitute the canonical function of B cells. Despite the unique differentiation (e.g. recombination and mutation of immunoglobulin gene segments) toward this canonical function, B cells can provide other, "non-canonical" functions, such as facilitating of lymphoid organogenesis and remodeling and fashioning T cell repertoires and modifying T cell responses. Some non-canonical functions are exerted by antibodies, but most are mediated by other products and/or direct actions of B cells. The diverse set of non-canonical functions makes the B cell as much as any cell a central organizer of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diverse products and actions also confound efforts to weigh the importance of individual non-canonical B cell functions. Here we shall describe the non-canonical functions of B cells and offer our perspective on how those functions converge in the development and governance of immunity, particularly immunity to transplants, and hurdles to advancing understanding of B cell functions in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Departments of Surgery and of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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35
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Corsiero E, Delvecchio FR, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C. B cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs in autoimmunity, transplantation and tumorigenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 57:46-52. [PMID: 30798069 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs named also tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) often occur at sites of autoimmune inflammation, organ transplantation and cancer. Although the mechanisms for their formation/function are not entirely understood, it is known that TLS can display features of active germinal centres supporting the proliferation and differentiation of (auto)-reactive B cells. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge on TLS-associated B cells with particular reference on how within diseased tissues these structures are linked to either deleterious or protective outcomes in patients and the potential for therapeutic targeting of TLS through novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Corsiero
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Francesca Romana Delvecchio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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36
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Irons EE, Lau JTY. Systemic ST6Gal-1 Is a Pro-survival Factor for Murine Transitional B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2150. [PMID: 30294329 PMCID: PMC6159744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity depends on intrinsic B cell developmental programs guided by systemic signals that convey physiologic needs. Aberrant cues or their improper interpretation can lead to immune insufficiency or a failure of tolerance and autoimmunity. The means by which such systemic signals are conveyed remain poorly understood. Hence, further insight is essential to understanding and treating autoimmune diseases and to the development of improved vaccines. ST6Gal-1 is a sialyltransferase that constructs the α2,6-sialyl linkage on cell surface and extracellular glycans. The requirement for functional ST6Gal-1 in the development of humoral immunity is well documented. Canonically, ST6Gal-1 resides within the intracellular ER-Golgi secretory apparatus and participates in cell-autonomous glycosylation. However, a significant pool of extracellular ST6Gal-1 exists in circulation. Here, we segregate the contributions of B cell intrinsic and extrinsic ST6Gal-1 to B cell development. We observed that B cell-intrinsic ST6Gal-1 is required for marginal zone B cell development, while B cell non-autonomous ST6Gal-1 modulates B cell development and survival at the early transitional stages of the marrow and spleen. Exposure to extracellular ST6Gal-1 ex vivo enhanced the formation of IgM-high B cells from immature precursors, and increased CD23 and IgM expression. Extrinsic sialylation by extracellular ST6Gal-1 augmented BAFF-mediated activation of the non-canonical NF-kB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways, and accelerated tyrosine phosphorylation after B cell receptor stimulation. in vivo, systemic ST6Gal-1 did not influence homing of B cells to the spleen but was critical for their long-term survival and systemic IgG levels. Circulatory ST6Gal-1 levels respond to inflammation, infection, and malignancy in mammals, including humans. In turn, we have shown previously that systemic ST6Gal-1 regulates inflammatory cell production by modifying bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Our data here point to an additional role of systemic ST6Gal-1 in guiding B cell development, which supports the concept that circulating ST6Gal-1 is a conveyor of systemic cues to guide the development of multiple branches of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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37
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Pipi E, Nayar S, Gardner DH, Colafrancesco S, Smith C, Barone F. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Autoimmunity Goes Local. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1952. [PMID: 30258435 PMCID: PMC6143705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are frequently observed in target organs of autoimmune diseases. TLS present features of secondary lymphoid organs such as segregated T and B cell zones, presence of follicular dendritic cell networks, high endothelial venules and specialized lymphoid fibroblasts and display the mechanisms to support local adaptive immune responses toward locally displayed antigens. TLS detection in the tissue is often associated with poor prognosis of disease, auto-antibody production and malignancy development. This review focuses on the contribution of TLS toward the persistence of the inflammatory drive, the survival of autoreactive lymphocyte clones and post-translational modifications, responsible for the pathogenicity of locally formed autoantibodies, during autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pipi
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Experimental Medicine Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charlotte Smith
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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38
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Hutloff A. T Follicular Helper-Like Cells in Inflamed Non-Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1707. [PMID: 30083164 PMCID: PMC6064731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T and B cell cooperation normally takes place in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). However, both cell types are also frequently found in inflamed non-lymphoid tissues. Under certain conditions, these infiltrates develop into ectopic lymphoid structures, also known as tertiary lymphoid tissues, which structurally and functionally fully resemble germinal centers (GCs) in SLO. However, tertiary lymphoid tissue is uncommon in most human autoimmune conditions; instead, relatively unstructured T and B cell infiltrates are found. Recent studies have demonstrated that active T and B cell cooperation can also take place in such unstructured aggregates. The infiltrating cells contain a population of T follicular helper (Tfh)-like cells (also designated "peripheral T helper cells") lacking prototypic Tfh markers like CXCR5 and Bcl-6 but nevertheless expressing high levels of molecules important for B cell help like IL-21 and CD40L. Moreover, Tfh-like cells isolated from inflamed tissues can drive the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells in vitro. These findings are not restricted to experimental animal models but have been reproduced in rheumatoid arthritis and breast cancer patients. At this point, it is unclear whether T and B cell cooperation outside the ordered structure of the GC fully mirrors the reactions in SLO. However, Tfh-like cells in inflamed tissues are certainly important for the local differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells, and should be considered as an important target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hutloff
- Chronic Immune Reactions, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Zhu G, Nemoto S, Mailloux AW, Perez-Villarroel P, Nakagawa R, Falahat R, Berglund AE, Mulé JJ. Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures With Antitumor Function by a Lymph Node-Derived Stromal Cell Line. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1609. [PMID: 30061886 PMCID: PMC6054958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) associate with better prognosis in certain cancer types, but their underlying formation and immunological benefit remain to be determined. We established a mouse model of TLSs to study their contribution to antitumor immunity. Because the stroma in lymph nodes (sLN) participates in architectural support, lymphogenesis, and lymphocyte recruitment, we hypothesized that TLSs can be created by sLN. We selected a sLN line with fibroblast morphology that expressed sLN surface markers and lymphoid chemokines. The subcutaneous injection of the sLN line successfully induced TLSs that attracted infiltration of host immune cell subsets. Injection of MC38 tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells activated TLS-residing lymphocytes to demonstrate specific cytotoxicity. The presence of TLSs suppressed MC38 tumor growth in vivo by improving antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with downregulated immune checkpoint proteins (PD-1 and Tim-3). Future engineering of sLN lines may allow for further enhancements of TLS functions and immune cell compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyuan Zhu
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Satoshi Nemoto
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam W Mailloux
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Ryosuke Nakagawa
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rana Falahat
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James J Mulé
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Cutaneous Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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40
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Boivin G, Kalambaden P, Faget J, Rusakiewicz S, Montay-Gruel P, Meylan E, Bourhis J, Lesec G, Vozenin MC. Cellular Composition and Contribution of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures to Tumor Immune Infiltration and Modulation by Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:256. [PMID: 30038899 PMCID: PMC6046619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-based anti-cancer strategies combined with radiation therapy (RT) are actively being investigated but many questions remain, such as the ideal treatment scheme and whether a potent immune response can be generated both locally and systemically. In this context, tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) have become a subject of research. While TLS are present in several types of cancer with strong similarities, they are especially relevant in medullary breast carcinoma (MBC). This suggests that MBC patients are ideally suited for investigating this question and may benefit from adapted therapeutic options. As RT is a corner-stone of MBC treatment, investigating interactions between RT and TLS composition is also clinically relevant. We thus first characterized the lymphoid structures associated with MBC in a patient case report and demonstrated that they closely resemble the TLS observed in a genetical mouse model. In this model, we quantitatively and qualitatively investigated the cellular composition of the tumor-associated TLS. Finally, we investigated TLS regulation after hypo-fractionated RT and showed that RT induced their acute and transient depletion, followed by a restoration phase. This study is the first work to bring a comprehensive and timely characterization of tumor-associated TLS in basal conditions and after RT. It highlights cellular targets (i.e., Tregs) that could be selectively modulated in subsequent studies to optimize anti-tumor immune response. The study of TLS modulation is worth further investigation in the context of RT and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Boivin
- Radio-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pradeep Kalambaden
- Radio-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Faget
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Radio-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Meylan
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Radio-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Radio-Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Radio-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Radio-Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Nerviani A, Pitzalis C. Role of chemokines in ectopic lymphoid structures formation in autoimmunity and cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:333-341. [PMID: 29947426 PMCID: PMC6099300 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0218-062r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic (or tertiary) lymphoid structures (ELS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes resembling secondary lymphoid organs and developing in chronically inflamed nonlymphoid tissues during persistent infections, graft rejection, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. In this review, we will first depict the mechanisms regulating ELS generation, focusing on the role played by lymphoid chemokines. We will then characterize ELS forming in target organs during autoimmune conditions, here exemplified by rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer, highlighting the relevance of the tissue-specific factors. Finally, we will discuss the clinical significance of ELS and the therapeutic potential of their inhibition and/or enhancement depending on the disease considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nerviani
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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42
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Londoño AC, Mora CA. Role of CXCL13 in the formation of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ in multiple sclerosis. F1000Res 2018; 7:514. [PMID: 30345018 PMCID: PMC6171727 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14556.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapies available for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) accomplish control and neutralization of peripheral immune cells involved in the activity of the disease cascade but their spectrum of action in the intrathecal space and brain tissue is limited, taking into consideration the persistence of oligoclonal bands and the variation of clones of lymphoid cells throughout the disease span. In animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the presence of CXCL13 has been associated with disease activity and the blockade of this chemokine could work as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy in patients with MS in order to postpone disease progression. The development of therapeutic alternatives with ability to modify the intrathecal inflammatory activity of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ to ameliorate neurodegeneration is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Londoño
- Instituto Neurológico de Colombia-INDEC, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
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43
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Londoño AC, Mora CA. Role of CXCL13 in the formation of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ in multiple sclerosis. F1000Res 2018; 7:514. [PMID: 30345018 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14556.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapies available for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) accomplish control and neutralization of peripheral immune cells involved in the activity of the disease cascade but their spectrum of action in the intrathecal space and brain tissue is limited, taking into consideration the persistence of oligoclonal bands and the variation of clones of lymphoid cells throughout the disease span. In animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the presence of CXCL13 has been associated with disease activity and the blockade of this chemokine could work as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy in patients with MS in order to postpone disease progression. The development of therapeutic alternatives with ability to modify the intrathecal inflammatory activity of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ to ameliorate neurodegeneration is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Londoño
- Instituto Neurológico de Colombia-INDEC, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
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