1
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Miguelena Chamorro B, Hameed SA, Dechelette M, Claude JB, Piney L, Chapat L, Swaminathan G, Poulet H, Longet S, De Luca K, Mundt E, Paul S. Characterization of Canine Peyer's Patches by Multidimensional Analysis: Insights from Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:788-805. [PMID: 38015460 PMCID: PMC10696420 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route is effective and convenient for vaccine administration to stimulate a protective immune response. GALT plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses, with Peyer's patches (PPs) serving as the primary site of induction. A comprehensive understanding of the structures and functions of these structures is crucial for enhancing vaccination strategies and comprehending disease mechanisms; nonetheless, our current knowledge of these structures in dogs remains incomplete. We performed immunofluorescence and flow cytometry studies on canine PPs to identify cell populations and structures. We also performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune cell subpopulations present in PPs at steady state in dogs. We generated and validated an Ab specifically targeting canine M cells, which will be a valuable tool for elucidating Ag trafficking into the GALT of dogs. Our findings will pave the way for future studies of canine mucosal immune responses to oral vaccination and enteropathies. Moreover, they add to the growing body of knowledge in canine immunology, further expanding our understanding of the complex immune system of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | | | | | - Lauriane Piney
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Ludivine Chapat
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | - Hervé Poulet
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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2
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Okkenhaug K, Schwartzberg PL. Mind the GAP: RASA2 and RASA3 GTPase-activating proteins as gatekeepers of T cell activation and adhesion. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:917-931. [PMID: 37858490 PMCID: PMC10621891 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Following stimulation, the T cell receptor (TCR) and its coreceptors integrate multiple intracellular signals to initiate T cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and metabolism. Among these signaling molecules are the small GTPases RAS and RAP1, which induce MAPK pathways and cellular adhesion to activate downstream effector functions. Although many studies have helped to elucidate the signaling intermediates that mediate T cell activation, the molecules and pathways that keep naive T cells in check are less understood. Several recent studies provide evidence that RASA2 and RASA3, which are GAP1-family GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that inactivate RAS and RAP1, respectively, are crucial molecules that limit T cell activation and adhesion. In this review we describe recent data on the roles of RASA2 and RASA3 as gatekeepers of T cell activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Chen Q, Dent AL. Nonbinary Roles for T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in the Germinal Center Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:15-22. [PMID: 37339403 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of high-affinity Abs in the germinal center (GC) is dependent on a specialized subset of T cells called "T follicular helper" (TFH) cells that help select Ag-specific B cells. A second T cell subset, T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, can act as repressors of the GC and Ab response but can also provide a helper function for GC B cells in some contexts. Recent studies showed that, apart from their traditional helper role, TFH cells can also act as repressors of the Ab response, particularly for IgE responses. We review how both TFH and TFR cells express helper and repressor factors that coordinately regulate the Ab response and how the line between these two subsets is less clear than initially thought. Thus, TFH and TFR cells are interconnected and have "nonbinary" functions. However, many questions remain about how these critical cells control the Ab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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4
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Cao Y, Hou Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Liu G. New insights into follicular regulatory T cells in the intestinal and tumor microenvironments. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37210730 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are a novel and unique subset of effector regulatory T (Treg) cells that are located in germinal centers (GCs). Tfr cells express transcription profiles that are characteristic of both follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and Treg cells and negatively regulate GC reactions, including Tfh cell activation and cytokine production, class switch recombination and B cell activation. Evidence also shows that Tfr cells have specific characteristics in different local immune microenvironments. This review focuses on the regulation of Tfr cell differentiation and function in unique local immune microenvironments, including the intestine and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueru Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Longhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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5
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Papadogianni G, Ravens I, Hassan A, Flatley A, Feederle R, Bernhardt G, Georgiev H. Establishment and Functional Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Neuritin. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020028. [PMID: 37092449 PMCID: PMC10123642 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuritin represents a neurotrophic factor that is not only important in neuronal development and plasticity but also impacts endothelial angiogenesis, cell migration, tumor growth and the production of antibodies by B cells. We established monoclonal mouse anti-mouse neuritin antibodies by immunizing knock-out mice with two different neuritin-derived peptides. Because neuritin is well conserved between species, these new monoclonal antibodies recognize the neuritin of a wide variety of species, including human. Moreover, they not only recognize specifically surface-bound neuritin expressed by murine follicular regulatory T cells but also the block binding of recombinant neuritin to germinal center B cells. This suggests that these newly generated tools will be of great use in studying neuritin expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Wang XS, Li PX, Wang BS, Zhang WD, Wang WH. Integrated omics analysis reveals the immunologic characteristics of cystic Peyer's patches in the cecum of Bactrian camels. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14647. [PMID: 36643630 PMCID: PMC9835693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bactrian camels have specific mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) throughout the large intestine, with species-unique cystic Peyer's patches (PPS) as the main type of tissue. However, detailed information about the molecular characteristics of PPS remains unclear. This study applied a transcriptomic analysis, untargeted metabolomics, and 16S rDNA sequencing to compare the significant differences between PPS and the adjacent normal intestine tissues (NPPS) during the healthy stage of three young Bactrian camels. The results showed that samples from PPS could be easily differentiated from the NPPS samples based on gene expression profile, metabolites, and microbial composition, separately indicated using dimension reduction methods. A total of 7,568 up-regulated and 1,266 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and an enrichment analysis found 994 DEGs that participated in immune-related functions, and a co-occurance network analysis identified nine hub genes (BTK, P2RX7, Pax5, DSG1, PTPN2, DOCK11, TBX21, IL10, and HLA-DOB) during multiple immunologic processes. Further, PPS and NPPS both had a similar pattern of most compounds among all profiles of metabolites, and only 113 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 101 of these being down-regulated. Deoxycholic acid (DCA; VIP = 37.96, log2FC = -2.97, P = 0), cholic acid (CA; VIP = 13.10, log2FC = -2.10, P = 0.01), and lithocholic acid (LCA; VIP = 12.94, log2FC = -1.63, P = 0.01) were the highest contributors to the significant dissimilarities between groups. PPS had significantly lower species richness (Chao1), while Firmicutes (35.92% ± 19.39%), Bacteroidetes (31.73% ± 6.24%), and Proteobacteria (13.96% ± 16.21%) were the main phyla across all samples. The LEfSe analysis showed that Lysinibacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Candidatus_Stoquefichus, Mailhella, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 were biomarkers of the NPPS group, while Escherichia_Shigella, Synergistes, Pyramidobacter, Odoribacter, Methanobrevibacter, Cloacibacillus, Fusobacterium, and Parabacteroides were significantly higher in the PPS group. In the Procrustes analysis, the transcriptome changes between groups showed no significant correlations with metabolites or microbial communities, whereas the alteration of metabolites significantly correlated with the alteration of the microbial community. In the co-occurrence network, seven DEMs (M403T65-neg, M329T119-neg, M309T38-neg, M277T42-2-neg, M473T27-neg, M747T38-1-pos, and M482t187-pos) and 14 genera (e.g., Akkermansia, Candidatus-Stoquefichus, Caproiciproducens, and Erysipelatoclostridium) clustered much more tightly, suggesting dense interactions. The results of this study provide new insights into the understanding of the immune microenvironment of the cystic PPS in the cecum of Bactrian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao shan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Pei xuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bao shan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wang dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wen hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Huang B, Park C, Thomsen JH, Preite S, Cannons JL, Garçon F, Schrom EC, Courrèges CJF, Veres TZ, Harrison J, Nus M, Phelan JD, Bergmeier W, Kehrl JH, Okkenhaug K, Schwartzberg PL. A CRISPR screen targeting PI3K effectors identifies RASA3 as a negative regulator of LFA-1-mediated adhesion in T cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl9169. [PMID: 35857633 PMCID: PMC9637254 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) helps to coordinate the migration, adhesion, and activation of T cells through interactions with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and ICAM-2. LFA-1 is activated during the engagement of chemokine receptors and the T cell receptor (TCR) through inside-out signaling, a process that is partially mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its product phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). To evaluate potential roles of PI3K in LFA-1 activation, we designed a library of CRISPR/single guide RNAs targeting known and potential PIP3-binding proteins and screened for effects on the ability of primary mouse T cells to bind to ICAM-1. We identified multiple proteins that regulated the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1, including the Rap1 and Ras GTPase-activating protein RASA3. We found that RASA3 suppressed LFA-1 activation in T cells, that its expression was rapidly reduced upon T cell activation, and that its activity was inhibited by PI3K. Loss of RASA3 in T cells led to increased Rap1 activation, defective lymph node entry and egress, and impaired responses to T-dependent immunization in mice. Our results reveal a critical role for RASA3 in T cell migration, homeostasis, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Silvia Preite
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabien Garçon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Edward C Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tibor Z Veres
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Harrison
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Arulraj T, Binder SC, Meyer-Hermann M. Investigating the Mechanism of Germinal Center Shutdown. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922318. [PMID: 35911680 PMCID: PMC9329532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are transient structures where affinity maturation of B cells gives rise to high affinity plasma and memory cells. The mechanism of GC shutdown is unclear, despite being an important phenomenon maintaining immune homeostasis. In this study, we used a mathematical model to identify mechanisms that can independently promote contraction of GCs leading to shutdown. We show that GC shutdown can be promoted by antigen consumption by B cells, antigen masking by soluble antibodies, alterations in follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network area, modulation of immune complex cycling rate constants, alterations in T follicular helper signaling, increased terminal differentiation and reduced B cell division capacity. Proposed mechanisms promoted GC contraction by ultimately decreasing the number of B cell divisions and recycling cells. Based on the in-silico predictions, we suggest a combination of experiments that can be potentially employed by future studies to unravel the mechanistic basis of GC shutdown such as measurements of the density of pMHC presentation of B cells, FDC network size per B cell, fraction of cells expressing differentiation markers. We also show that the identified mechanisms differentially affect the efficiency of GC reaction estimated based on the quantity and quality of resulting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theinmozhi Arulraj
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian C. Binder
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Meyer-Hermann,
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9
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Gribonika I, Strömberg A, Lebrero-Fernandez C, Schön K, Moon J, Bemark M, Lycke N. Peyer's patch T H17 cells are dispensable for gut IgA responses to oral immunization. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabc5500. [PMID: 35776804 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (TH17) cells located at the Peyer's patch (PP) inductive site and at the lamina propria effector site of the intestinal immune system are responsive to both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Their plasticity to convert into follicular helper T (TFH) cells has been proposed to be central to gut immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses. Here, we used an IL-17A fate reporter mouse and an MHC-II tetramer to analyze antigen-specific CD4+ T cell subsets and isolate them for single-cell RNA sequencing after oral immunization with cholera toxin and ovalbumin. We found a TFH-dominated response with only rare antigen-specific TH17 cells (<8%) in the PP. A clonotypic analysis provided little support that clonotypes were shared between TFH and TH17 cells, arguing against TH17 plasticity as a major contributor to TFH differentiation. Two mouse models of TH17 deficiency confirmed that gut IgA responses to oral immunization do not require TH17 cells, with CD4CreRorcfl/fl mice exhibiting normal germinal centers in PP and unperturbed total IgA production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Wang HY, Ge W, Liu SQ, Long J, Jiang QQ, Zhou W, Zuo ZY, Liu DY, Zhao HM, Zhong YB. Curcumin Inhibits T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:275-293. [PMID: 34931590 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) regulate the differentiation of germinal center B cells and maintain humoral immunity. Notably, imbalances in Tfh differentiation often lead to the development of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Curcumin, a natural product derived from Curcuma longa, is effective in relieving IBD in humans and animals, and its mechanisms of immune regulation need further elaboration. In this study, dextran sodium sulfate induced ulcerative colitis in BALB/c mice, and curcumin was administered simultaneously for 7 days. Curcumin effectively upregulated the change rate of mouse weight, colonic length, down-regulated colonic weight, index of colonic weight, colonic damage score and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and TGF-[Formula: see text]1 in colonic tissues of colitis mice. Importantly, curcumin regulated the differentiation balance of Tfh and their subpopulation in colitis mice; the percentages of Tfh (CD4[Formula: see text]CXCR5[Formula: see text]BCL-6[Formula: see text], CD4[Formula: see text]CXCR5[Formula: see text]PD-1[Formula: see text], CD4[Formula: see text]CXCR5[Formula: see text]PD-L1[Formula: see text], CD4[Formula: see text]CXCR5[Formula: see text]ICOS[Formula: see text], Tfh17 and Tem-Tfh were downregulated significantly, while CD4[Formula: see text]CXCR5[Formula: see text]Blimp-1[Formula: see text], Tfh1, Tfh10, Tfh21, Tfr, Tcm-Tfh and Tem-GC Tfh were upregulated. In addition, curcumin inhibited the expression of Tfh-related transcription factors BCL-6, p-STAT3, Foxp1, Roquin-1, Roquin-2 and SAP, and significantly upregulated the protein levels of Blimp-1 and STAT3 in colon tissue. In conclusion, curcumin may be effective in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by regulating Tfh differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Su-Qing Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.,Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Jiang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zuo
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.,Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.,Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
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11
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Chaurio RA, Anadon CM, Costich TL, Payne KK, Biswas S, Harro CM, Moran C, Ortiz AC, Cortina C, Rigolizzo KE, Sprenger KB, Mine JA, Innamarato PP, Mandal G, Powers JJ, Martin A, Wang Z, Mehta S, Perez BA, Li R, Robinson J, Kroeger JL, Curiel TJ, Yu X, Rodriguez PC, Conejo-Garcia JR. TGF-β-mediated silencing of genomic organizer SATB1 promotes Tfh cell differentiation and formation of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Immunity 2022; 55:115-128.e9. [PMID: 35021053 PMCID: PMC8852221 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promotes Tfh:B cell interactions and appropriate positioning within tissues. Here, we examined the impact of regulation of PD-1 expression by the genomic organizer SATB1 on Tfh cell differentiation. Vaccination of CD4CreSatb1f/f mice enriched for antigen-specific Tfh cells, and TGF-β-mediated repression of SATB1 enhanced Tfh differentiation of human T cells. Mechanistically, high Icos expression in Satb1-/- CD4+ T cells promoted Tfh cell differentiation by preventing T follicular regulatory cell skewing and resulted in increased isotype-switched B cell responses in vivo. Ovarian tumors in CD4CreSatb1f/f mice accumulated tumor antigen-specific, LIGHT+CXCL13+IL-21+ Tfh cells and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS formation decreased tumor growth in a CD4+ T cell and CXCL13-dependent manner. The transfer of Tfh cells, but not naive CD4+ T cells, induced TLS at tumor beds and decreased tumor growth. Thus, TGF-β-mediated silencing of Satb1 licenses Tfh cell differentiation, providing insight into the genesis of TLS within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carly M Harro
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carlos Moran
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Antonio C Ortiz
- Department of Analytic Microscopy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carla Cortina
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kristen E Rigolizzo
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kimberly B Sprenger
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Mine
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pasquale P Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gunjan Mandal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John J Powers
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandra Martin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sumit Mehta
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bradford A. Perez
- Department of Radiation Therapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Roger Li
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John Robinson
- Department of Flow Cytometry Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jodi L Kroeger
- Department of Flow Cytometry Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paulo C. Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,CORRESPONDENCE: Jose R Conejo-Garcia, MD, PhD (LEAD CONTACT), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, , Phone: (813) 745-8282, Fax: (813) 745-5580
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12
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Georgiev H, Papadogianni G, Bernhardt G. Identification of Follicular T Cells in the Gut. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2380:85-95. [PMID: 34802124 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humoral adaptive immune responses trigger the establishment of plasma B cells secreting antibodies of various isotypes that bind antigen specifically and with high affinity. Moreover, memory B cells will be generated. To accomplish this, B cells need assistance from a special subset of CD4 T cells, the so called follicular T cells that differentiate from naïve T cells in the course of the immune response. Therefore, the study of follicular T cells is of primordial interest when investigating the molecular and cellular determinants of adaptive immune responses. This is done by direct analysis of the cells isolated from mice following an immunological challenge but in many instances such analyses must involve follow-up studies in cell culture requiring living cells. Especially, in vitro experimentation necessitates isolation and sorting of follicular T cells. However, follicular T cells are generally difficult to handle because they are prone to apoptosis and cell death. This is particularly evident when dealing with follicular T cells residing in the gut since we observed that isolation and processing from murine gut notoriously results in very high loss rates when compared for example to cells obtained from immunized peripheral lymph nodes. To bypass these limitations, we developed a protocol that allows for efficient isolation of intact follicular T cells. The protocol introduced here illustrates isolation and handling of follicular T cells using murine Peyer's Patches as an example because they constantly harbor significant amounts of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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DiToro D, Basu R. Emerging Complexity in CD4 +T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694833. [PMID: 34489941 PMCID: PMC8417887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system has the difficult task of protecting a large environmentally exposed single layer of epithelium from pathogens without allowing inappropriate inflammatory responses. Unmitigated inflammation drives multiple pathologies, including the development of colorectal cancer. CD4+T cells mediate both the suppression and promotion of intestinal inflammation. They comprise an array of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets tailored to a specific inflammatory context. This diversity of form and function is relevant to a broad array of pathologic and physiologic processes. The heterogeneity underlying both effector and regulatory T helper cell responses to colorectal cancer, and its impact on disease progression, is reviewed herein. Importantly, T cell responses are dynamic; they exhibit both quantitative and qualitative changes as the inflammatory context shifts. Recent evidence outlines the role of CD4+T cells in colorectal cancer responses and suggests possible mechanisms driving qualitative alterations in anti-cancer immune responses. The heterogeneity of T cells in colorectal cancer, as well as the manner and mechanism by which they change, offer an abundance of opportunities for more specific, and likely effective, interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiToro
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of MGH MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rajatava Basu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
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14
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Oliveira YLDC, Oliveira LM, Cirilo TM, Fujiwara RT, Bueno LL, Dolabella SS. T follicular helper cells: Their development and importance in the context of helminthiasis. Clin Immunol 2021; 231:108844. [PMID: 34478881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) is a multifactorial process that occurs in multiple stages. After their activation the Tfh cells interact with the B cells to complete their differentiation. During this process, the Tfh cells begin to express canonical molecules such as the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 protein, the CXC chemokine receptors type 5, and the inducible T-cell costimulator, as well as secreting other molecules such as IL-21. This whole process is regulated positively and negatively by several factors so that the best response is offered in the face of diseases of various origins, among them helminthiasis. In this context, the role of circulating Tfh, IL-4 and IgG subtypes is essential for an effective response against these pathogens. In this review, the migration process and the differentiation of Tfh, the regulation, their cell subtypes and the role of Tfh in the context of helminth infections will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Maria Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Tatyane Martins Cirilo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil.
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15
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Arulraj T, Binder SC, Robert PA, Meyer-Hermann M. Germinal Centre Shutdown. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705240. [PMID: 34305944 PMCID: PMC8293096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal Centres (GCs) are transient structures in secondary lymphoid organs, where affinity maturation of B cells takes place following an infection. While GCs are responsible for protective antibody responses, dysregulated GC reactions are associated with autoimmune disease and B cell lymphoma. Typically, ‘normal’ GCs persist for a limited period of time and eventually undergo shutdown. In this review, we focus on an important but unanswered question – what causes the natural termination of the GC reaction? In murine experiments, lack of antigen, absence or constitutive T cell help leads to premature termination of the GC reaction. Consequently, our present understanding is limited to the idea that GCs are terminated due to a decrease in antigen access or changes in the nature of T cell help. However, there is no direct evidence on which biological signals are primarily responsible for natural termination of GCs and a mechanistic understanding is clearly lacking. We discuss the present understanding of the GC shutdown, from factors impacting GC dynamics to changes in cellular interactions/dynamics during the GC lifetime. We also address potential missing links and remaining questions in GC biology, to facilitate further studies to promote a better understanding of GC shutdown in infection and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theinmozhi Arulraj
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Binder
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe A Robert
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Ebersole JL, Kirakodu SS, Orraca L, Gonzalez Martinez J, Gonzalez OA. Gingival transcriptomics of follicular T cell footprints in progressing periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:373-395. [PMID: 33565609 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) cells have been identified in the circulation and in tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic inflammation. Gingival tissues with periodontitis reflect chronic inflammation, so genomic footprints of Tfh cells should occur in these tissues and may differ related to aging effects. Macaca mulatta were used in a ligature-induced periodontitis model [adult group (aged 12-23 years); young group (aged 3-7 years)]. Gingival tissue and subgingival microbiome samples were obtained at matched healthy ligature-induced disease and clinical resolution sites. Microarray analysis examined Tfh genes (n = 54) related to microbiome characteristics documented using 16S MiSeq. An increase in the major transcription factor of Tfh cells, BCL6, was found with disease in both adult and young animals, while master transcription markers of other T cell subsets were either decreased or showed minimal change. Multiple Tfh-related genes, including surface receptors and transcription factors, were also significantly increased during disease. Specific microbiome patterns were significantly associated with profiles indicative of an increased presence/function of Tfh cells. Importantly, unique microbial complexes showed distinctive patterns of interaction with Tfh genes differing in health and disease and with the age of the animals. An increase in Tfh cell responsiveness occurred in the progression of periodontitis, affected by age and related to specific microbial complexes in the oral microbiome. The capacity of gingival Tfh cells to contribute to localized B cell activation and active antibody responses, including affinity maturation, may be critical for controlling periodontal lesions and contributing to limiting and/or resolving the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - S S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - J Gonzalez Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Walsh MC, Choi Y. Regulation of T cell-associated tissues and T cell activation by RANKL-RANK-OPG. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:54-63. [PMID: 33438173 PMCID: PMC8670018 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-RANK-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is critical to bone homeostasis, but genetically deficient mouse models have revealed important roles in the immune system as well. RANKL-RANK-OPG is particularly important to T cell biology because of its organogenic control of thymic development and secondary lymphoid tissues influence central T cell tolerance and peripheral T cell function. RANKL-RANK-OPG cytokine-receptor interactions are often controlled by regulation of expression of RANKL on developing T cells, which interacts with RANK expressed on some lymphoid tissue cells to stimulate key downstream signaling pathways that affect critical tuning functions of the T cell compartment, like cell survival and antigen presentation. Activation of peripheral T cells is regulated by RANKL-enhanced dendritic cell survival, and dysregulation of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system in this context is associated with loss of T cell tolerance and autoimmune disease. Given its broader implications for immune homeostasis and osteoimmunology, it is critical to further understand how the RANKL-RANK-OPG system operates in T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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18
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Ding T, Niu H, Zhao X, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. T-Follicular Regulatory Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2709. [PMID: 31849938 PMCID: PMC6901970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable aggressive chronic inflammatory joint disease with a worldwide prevalence. High levels of autoantibodies and chronic inflammation may be involved in the pathology. Notably, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are critical mediators of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell generation and antibody production in the germinal center (GC) reaction. Changes in the number and function of Tfr cells may lead to dysregulation of the GC reaction and the production of aberrant autoantibodies. Regulation of the function and number of Tfr cells could be an effective strategy for precisely controlling antibody production, reestablishing immune homeostasis, and thereby improving the outcome of RA. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the biology and functions of Tfr cells. The involvement of Tfr cells and other immune cell subsets in RA is also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets related to Tfr cells and restoring the Tfr/Tfh balance via cytokines, microRNAs, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and the gut microbiota, which will facilitate further research on RA and other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongqing Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangcong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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19
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Komban RJ, Strömberg A, Biram A, Cervin J, Lebrero-Fernández C, Mabbott N, Yrlid U, Shulman Z, Bemark M, Lycke N. Activated Peyer's patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2423. [PMID: 31160559 PMCID: PMC6547658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer's patches (PP) requires continuous access to antigens, but how this is achieved is not known. Here we show that activated antigen-specific CCR6+CCR1+GL7- B cells make close contact with M cells in the subepithelial dome (SED). Using in situ photoactivation analysis of antigen-specific SED B cells, we find migration of cells towards the GC. Following antigen injection into ligated intestinal loops containing PPs, 40% of antigen-specific SED B cells bind antigen within 2 h, whereas unspecifc cells do not, indicating B cell-receptor involvment. Antigen-loading is not observed in M cell-deficient mice, but is unperturbed in mice depleted of classical dendritic cells (DC). Thus, we report a M cell-B cell antigen-specific transporting pathway in PP that is independent of DC. We propose that this antigen transporting pathway has a critical role in gut IgA responses, and should be taken into account when developing mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathan Joy Komban
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Cristina Lebrero-Fernández
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Neil Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Mats Bemark
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
| | - Nils Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S405 30, Sweden.
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20
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Chicana B, Donham C, Millan AJ, Manilay JO. Wnt Antagonists in Hematopoietic and Immune Cell Fate: Implications for Osteoporosis Therapies. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:49-58. [PMID: 30835038 PMCID: PMC6715281 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed the current literature on the roles of the Wnt antagonists sclerostin (Sost) and sclerostin-containing domain protein 1 (Sostdc1) on bone homeostasis, the relationship of the hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) and von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl) pathways on Sost expression, and how changes in bone induced by depletion of Sost, Sostdc1, and Vhl affect hematopoietic cells. RECENT FINDINGS B cell development is adversely affected in Sost-knockout mice and is more severely affected in Vhl-knockout mice. Inflammation in the Sost-/- bone microenvironment could alter hematopoietic stem cell behavior. Sostdc1-/- mice display defects in natural killer cell development and cytotoxicity. Depletion of Sost and Sostdc1 have effects on immune cell function that warrant investigation in patients receiving Wnt antagonist-depleting therapies for treatment of bone diseases. Additional clinical applications for manipulation of Wnt antagonists include cancer immunotherapies, stem cell transplantation, and directed differentiation to immune lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabel Chicana
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Cristine Donham
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alberto J Millan
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer O Manilay
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
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21
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Stebegg M, Kumar SD, Silva-Cayetano A, Fonseca VR, Linterman MA, Graca L. Regulation of the Germinal Center Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2469. [PMID: 30410492 PMCID: PMC6209676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a specialized microstructure that forms in secondary lymphoid tissues, producing long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells, which can provide protection against reinfection. Within the GC, B cells undergo somatic mutation of the genes encoding their B cell receptors which, following successful selection, can lead to the emergence of B cell clones that bind antigen with high affinity. However, this mutation process can also be dangerous, as it can create autoreactive clones that can cause autoimmunity. Because of this, regulation of GC reactions is critical to ensure high affinity antibody production and to enforce self-tolerance by avoiding emergence of autoreactive B cell clones. A productive GC response requires the collaboration of multiple cell types. The stromal cell network orchestrates GC cell dynamics by controlling antigen delivery and cell trafficking. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide specialized help to GC B cells through cognate T-B cell interactions while Foxp3+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are key mediators of GC regulation. However, regulation of GC responses is not a simple outcome of Tfh/Tfr balance, but also involves the contribution of other cell types to modulate the GC microenvironment and to avoid autoimmunity. Thus, the regulation of the GC is complex, and occurs at multiple levels. In this review we outline recent developments in the biology of cell subsets involved in the regulation of GC reactions, in both secondary lymphoid tissues, and Peyer's patches (PPs). We discuss the mechanisms which enable the generation of potent protective humoral immunity whilst GC-derived autoimmunity is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumya D Kumar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Valter R Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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Xie MM, Dent AL. Unexpected Help: Follicular Regulatory T Cells in the Germinal Center. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1536. [PMID: 30013575 PMCID: PMC6036241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are necessary for germinal center (GC) formation and within the GC, provide key signals to B cells for their differentiation into plasmablasts and plasma cells that secrete high-affinity and isotype-switched antibody (Ab). A specialized subset of Foxp3+ T cells termed T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, also regulate the differentiation of Ab-secreting cells from the GC. Tfr-cell function in the GC is not well understood, however, the dominant paradigm currently is that Tfr cells repress excessive Tfh and GC B cell proliferation and help promote stringent selection of high-affinity B cells. A mouse model where the Bcl6 gene is specifically deleted in Foxp3+ T cells (Bcl6FC mice) allows the study of Tfr cell function with more precision than other approaches. Studies with this model have shown that Tfr cells play a key role in maintaining GC B cell proliferation and Ab levels. Part of the mechanism for this positive "helper" effect of Tfr cells on the GC is Tfr cell-derived IL-10, which can promote B cell growth and entry into the dark zone of the GC. Recent studies on Tfr cells support a new paradigm for Tfr cell function in the GC reaction. Here, we review studies on Tfr cell functions and discuss the evidence that Tfr cells can have a major helper role in the GC-dependent Ab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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