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Odak I, Riemann L, Sandrock I, Cossmann A, Ramos GM, Hammerschmidt SI, Ritter C, Friedrichsen M, Hassan A, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Stankov MV, Weskamm LM, Addo MM, Ravens I, Willenzon S, Schimrock A, Ristenpart J, Janssen A, Barros-Martins J, Hansen G, Falk C, Behrens GMN, Förster R. Systems biology analysis reveals distinct molecular signatures associated with immune responsiveness to the BNT162b COVID-19 vaccine. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104947. [PMID: 38160529 PMCID: PMC10792461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines display a large heterogeneity of induced immunity and the underlying immune mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a systems biology approach, we longitudinally profiled a unique cohort of female high and low responders to the BNT162b vaccine, who were known from previous COVID-19 vaccinations to develop maximum and minimum immune responses to the vaccine. We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, bulk and single cell mRNA sequencing and 48-plex serum cytokine analyses. FINDINGS We revealed early, transient immunological and molecular signatures that distinguished high from low responders and correlated with B and T cell responses measured 14 days later. High responders featured a distinct transcriptional activity of interferon-driven genes and genes connected to enhanced antigen presentation. This was accompanied by a robust cytokine response related to Th1 differentiation. Both transcriptome and serum cytokine signatures were confirmed in two independent confirmatory cohorts. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our data contribute to a better understanding of the immunogenicity of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, which might lead to the optimization of vaccine designs for individuals with poor vaccine responses. FUNDING German Center for Infection Research, German Center for Lung Research, German Research Foundation, Excellence Strategy EXC 2155 "RESIST" and European Regional Development Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Lennart Riemann
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schimrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute for Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Stankov MV, Hoffmann M, Gutierrez Jauregui R, Cossmann A, Morillas Ramos G, Graalmann T, Winter EJ, Friedrichsen M, Ravens I, Ilievska T, Ristenpart J, Schimrock A, Willenzon S, Ahrenstorf G, Witte T, Förster R, Kempf A, Pöhlmann S, Hammerschmidt SI, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Behrens GMN. Humoral and cellular immune responses following BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 vaccination. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:e1-e3. [PMID: 37995739 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Metodi V Stankov
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Cossmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresa Graalmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group for Translational Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emily Jo Winter
- Junior Research Group for Translational Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamara Ilievska
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ristenpart
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Schimrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Willenzon
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amy Kempf
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany; CiiM, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Barros-Martins J, Hammerschmidt SI, Morillas Ramos G, Cossmann A, Hetzel L, Odak I, Köhler M, Stankov MV, Ritter C, Friedrichsen M, Ravens I, Schimrock A, Ristenpart J, Janssen A, Willenzon S, Bernhardt G, Lichtinghagen R, Bošnjak B, Behrens GMN, Förster R. Omicron infection-associated T- and B-cell immunity in antigen-naive and triple-COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166589. [PMID: 37215123 PMCID: PMC10196199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early 2022, various Omicron variants have dominated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in most countries. All Omicron variants are B-cell immune escape variants, and antibodies induced by first-generation COVID-19 vaccines or by infection with earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants largely fail to protect individuals from Omicron infection. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Omicron infections in triple-vaccinated and in antigen-naive individuals. We show that Omicron breakthrough infections occurring 2-3.5 months after the third vaccination restore B-cell and T-cell immune responses to levels similar to or higher than those measured 14 days after the third vaccination, including the induction of Omicron-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody responses in breakthrough infection derived mostly from cross-reacting B cells, initially induced by vaccination, whereas Omicron infections in antigen-naive individuals primarily generated B cells binding to the Omicron but not the Wuhan spike protein. Although antigen-naive individuals mounted considerable T-cell responses after infection, B-cell responses were low, and neutralizing antibodies were frequently below the limit of detection. In summary, the detection of Omicron-associated B-cell responses in primed and in antigen-naive individuals supports the application of Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccines, but calls into question their suitability if they also contain/encode antigens of the original Wuhan virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Hetzel
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Köhler
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Metodi V. Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Schimrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Papadogianni G, Ravens I, Hassan A, Flatley A, Feederle R, Bernhardt G, Georgiev H. Establishment and Functional Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Neuritin. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020028. [PMID: 37092449 PMCID: PMC10123642 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuritin represents a neurotrophic factor that is not only important in neuronal development and plasticity but also impacts endothelial angiogenesis, cell migration, tumor growth and the production of antibodies by B cells. We established monoclonal mouse anti-mouse neuritin antibodies by immunizing knock-out mice with two different neuritin-derived peptides. Because neuritin is well conserved between species, these new monoclonal antibodies recognize the neuritin of a wide variety of species, including human. Moreover, they not only recognize specifically surface-bound neuritin expressed by murine follicular regulatory T cells but also the block binding of recombinant neuritin to germinal center B cells. This suggests that these newly generated tools will be of great use in studying neuritin expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Odak I, Schultze-Florey CR, Hammerschmidt SI, Ritter C, Willenzon S, Friedrichsen M, Ravens I, Sikora R, Bayir LM, Gutierrez Jauregui R, Bernhardt G, Stankov MV, Cossmann A, Hansen G, Krey T, Cornberg M, Koenecke C, Behrens GMN, Bošnjak B, Förster R. Longitudinal Tracking of Immune Responses in COVID-19 Convalescents Reveals Absence of Neutralization Activity Against Omicron and Staggered Impairment to Other SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863039. [PMID: 35359969 PMCID: PMC8964088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in convalescing individuals is of high clinical relevance. In this prospective study of a cohort of 46 SARS-CoV-2 patients infected with the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 we longitudinally analyzed changes in humoral and cellular immunity upon early and late convalescence. Antibody neutralization capacity was measured by surrogate virus neutralization test and cellular responses were investigated with 31-colour spectral flow cytometry. Spike-specific, isotype-switched B cells developed already during the disease phase, showed a memory phenotype and did not decrease in numbers even during late convalescence. Otherwise, no long-lasting perturbations of the immune compartment following COVID-19 clearance were observed. During convalescence anti-Spike (S1) IgG antibodies strongly decreased in all patients. We detected neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan strain as well as the Alpha and Delta but not against the Beta, Gamma or Omicron variants for up to 7 months post COVID-19. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a strong association between sera anti-S1 IgG titers and their neutralization capacity against the Wuhan strain as well as Alpha and Delta. Overall, our data suggest that even 7 month after the clearance of COVID-19 many patients possess a protective layer of immunity, indicated by the persistence of Spike-specific memory B cells and by the presence of neutralizing antibodies against the Alpha and Delta variants. However, lack of neutralizing antibodies against the Beta, Gamma and Omicron variants even during the peak response is of major concern as this indicates viral evasion of the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian R Schultze-Florey
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Sikora
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lâle M Bayir
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Clinic Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Clinic Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guido Hansen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Brunswick, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Koenecke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Clinic Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
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6
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Papadogianni G, Ravens I, Hassan A, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Bernhardt G, Georgiev H. The impact of stress on the transcriptomic signature of iNKT1 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101163. [PMID: 34765746 PMCID: PMC8570944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells develop in thymus before emigrating and settling peripheral tissues and organs. In contrast to regular naïve T cells, most iNKT cells do not continuously recirculate but are rather sessile and can adopt phenotypically as well as functionally to their tissue environment. To explore this in more detail, we focused on the most widely distributed CD4+iNKT1 cells and compared the transcriptome of cells isolated from liver and spleen. Whereas there are only very few genuine differences in the transcriptomes of CD4+iNKT1 cells of these two organs, the mode of cell isolation left clear marks in the transcriptomic signature. In contrast to liver cell isolated in the cold, cells prepared by enzymatic tissue digestion upregulated quickly a series of genes known to respond to stress. Therefore, to avoid erroneous conclusions, a comparison of expression profiles must take into consideration the history of cell preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Papadogianni G, Ravens I, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Bernhardt G, Georgiev H. Impact of Aging on the Phenotype of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Mouse Thymus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575764. [PMID: 33193368 PMCID: PMC7662090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a subclass of T cells possessing a restricted repertoire of T cell receptors enabling them to recognize lipid derived ligands. iNKT cells are continuously generated in thymus and differentiate into three main subpopulations: iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 cells. We investigated the transcriptomes of these subsets comparing cells isolated from young adult (6–10 weeks old) and aged BALB/c mice (25–30 weeks of age) in order to identify genes subject to an age-related regulation of expression. These time points were selected to take into consideration the consequences of thymic involution that radically alter the existing micro-milieu. Significant differences were detected in the expression of histone genes affecting all iNKT subsets. Also the proliferative capacity of iNKT cells decreased substantially upon aging. Several genes were identified as possible candidates causing significant age-dependent changes in iNKT cell generation and/or function such as genes coding for granzyme A, ZO-1, EZH2, SOX4, IGF1 receptor, FLT4, and CD25. Moreover, we provide evidence that IL2 differentially affects homeostasis of iNKT subsets with iNKT17 cells engaging a unique mechanism to respond to IL2 by initiating a slow rate of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Bošnjak B, Stein SC, Willenzon S, Cordes AK, Puppe W, Bernhardt G, Ravens I, Ritter C, Schultze-Florey CR, Gödecke N, Martens J, Kleine-Weber H, Hoffmann M, Cossmann A, Yilmaz M, Pink I, Hoeper MM, Behrens GMN, Pöhlmann S, Blasczyk R, Schulz TF, Förster R. Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:936-944. [PMID: 33139905 PMCID: PMC7604543 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into cells via surface-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector-based neutralization assay (pVNT) to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S to ACE2. Both tests revealed neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the sera of ~90% of mildly and 100% of severely affected COVID-19 convalescent patients. Importantly, sVNT and pVNT results correlated strongly with each other and to the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG and IgA antibodies. Moreover, levels of neutralizing antibodies correlated with the duration and severity of clinical symptoms but not with patient age. Compared to pVNT, sVNT is less sophisticated and does not require any biosafety labs. Since this assay is also much faster and cheaper, sVNT will not only be important for evaluating the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a population but also for identifying promising plasma donors for successful passive antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Wolfram Puppe
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christian R Schultze-Florey
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Martens
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannah Kleine-Weber
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Pink
- Department of Pneumology and German Centre of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Pneumology and German Centre of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Luu TT, Wagner AK, Schmied L, Meinke S, Freund JE, Kambayashi T, Ravens I, Achour A, Bernhardt G, Chambers BJ, Höglund P, Kadri N. IL-15 and CD155 expression regulate LAT expression in murine DNAM1 + NK cells, enhancing their effectors functions. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:494-504. [PMID: 31834938 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells characterized by their ability to spontaneously lyse tumor and virally infected cells. We have recently demonstrated that IL-15-sufficient DC regulate NK cell effector functions in mice. Here, we established that among ITAM-proximal signaling molecules, the expression levels of the scaffold molecule Linker for Activation of T cells (LAT) and its transcription factor ELF-1 were reduced 4 days after in vivo depletion of DC. Addition of IL-15, a cytokine presented by DC to NK cells, regulates LAT expression in NK cells with a significant effect on the DNAM1+ subset compared to DNAM1- cells. We also found that LAT expression is regulated via interaction of the DNAM1 receptor with its ligand CD155 in both immature and mature NK cells, independently of NK cell education. Finally, we found that LAT expression within DNAM1+ NK cells might be responsible for enhanced calcium mobilization following the triggering of activating receptors on NK cells. Altogether, we found that LAT expression is tightly regulated in DNAM1+ NK cells, via interaction(s) with DC, which express CD155 and IL-15, resulting in rapid activation of the DNAM1+ subset during activating receptor triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T Luu
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Schmied
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Meinke
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacquelyn E Freund
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Building 11, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Building 11, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadir Kadri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Papadogianni G, Bernhardt G. Coming of Age: CD96 Emerges as Modulator of Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1072. [PMID: 29868026 PMCID: PMC5966540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD96 represents a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD96 is expressed mainly by cells of hematopoietic origin, in particular on T and NK cells. Upon interaction with CD155 present on target cells, CD96 was found to inhibit mouse NK cells, and absence of this interaction either by blocking with antibody or knockout of CD96 showed profound beneficial effects in containment of tumors and metastatic spread in murine model systems. However, our knowledge regarding CD96 functions remains fragmentary. In this review, we will discuss structural features of CD96 and their putative impact on function as well as some unresolved issues such as a potential activation that may be conferred by human but not mouse CD96. This is of importance for translation into human cancer therapy. We will also address CD96 activities in the context of the immune regulatory network that consists of CD155, CD96, CD226, and TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Papadogianni G, Halle S, Malissen B, Loots GG, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Shared and Unique Features Distinguishing Follicular T Helper and Regulatory Cells of Peripheral Lymph Node and Peyer's Patches. Front Immunol 2018; 9:714. [PMID: 29686684 PMCID: PMC5900012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) cells are critical players in managing germinal center (GC) reactions that accomplish effective humoral immune responses. Transcriptome analyses were done comparing gene regulation of TFH and TFR cells isolated from Peyer’s Patches (PP) and immunized peripheral lymph nodes (pLNs) revealing many regulatory patterns common to all follicular cells. However, in contrast to TFH cells, the upregulation or downregulation of many genes was attenuated substantially in pLN TFR cells when compared to those of PP. Additionally, PP but not pLN TFR cells were largely unresponsive to IL2 and expressed Il4 as well as Il21. Together with fundamental differences in gene expression that were found between cells of both compartments this emphasizes specific adaptations of follicular T cell functions to their micro-milieu. Moreover, although GL7 expression distinguishes matured follicular T cells, GL7+ as well as GL7− cells are present in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Papadogianni G, Malissen B, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Blocking the ART2.2/P2X7-system is essential to avoid a detrimental bias in functional CD4 T cell studies. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1078-1081. [PMID: 29508376 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Murine T cell subsets differ in their expression level of P2X7. Depending on several parameters like extracellular NAD+ , P2X7 can be ADP-ribosylated rapidly by adjacent ARTC2.2 resulting in susceptibilities to apoptosis to a varying extent. This detrimental effect can be prevented when drugs like KN-62 are present during cell preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Ravens S, Schultze-Florey C, Raha S, Sandrock I, Drenker M, Oberdörfer L, Reinhardt A, Ravens I, Beck M, Geffers R, von Kaisenberg C, Heuser M, Thol F, Ganser A, Förster R, Koenecke C, Prinz I. Human γδ T cells are quickly reconstituted after stem-cell transplantation and show adaptive clonal expansion in response to viral infection. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:393-401. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Benarafa C, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Distinct gene expression patterns correlate with developmental and functional traits of iNKT subsets. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13116. [PMID: 27721447 PMCID: PMC5062562 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a subpopulation of innate lymphocytes developing in thymus. A new model proposes subdividing murine iNKT cells into iNKT1, 2 and 17 cells. Here, we use transcriptome analyses of iNKT1, 2 and 17 subsets isolated from BALB/c and C57BL/6 thymi to identify candidate genes that may affect iNKT cell development, migration or function. We show that Fcɛr1γ is involved in generation of iNKT1 cells and that SerpinB1 modulates frequency of iNKT17 cells. Moreover, a considerable proportion of iNKT17 cells express IL-4 and IL-17 simultaneously. The results presented not only validate the usefulness of the iNKT1/2/17-concept but also provide new insights into iNKT cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Street 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Street 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freisestrasse 1, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Street 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Street 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
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15
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Smith LE, Olszewski MA, Georgoudaki AM, Wagner AK, Hägglöf T, Karlsson MCI, Dominguez-Villar M, Garcia-Cozar F, Mueller S, Ravens I, Bernhardt G, Chambers BJ. Sensitivity of dendritic cells to NK-mediated lysis depends on the inflammatory environment and is modulated by CD54/CD226-driven interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:781-789. [PMID: 27034402 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0615-271rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that NK cells may limit T cell responses by their ability to eradicate dendritic cells, as demonstrated by NK cell-mediated killing of dendritic cells generated from mouse bone marrow cells or human monocytes with GM-CSF. In the present study, we demonstrated that conventional dendritic cells, generated in vitro with Flt3 ligand or from spleens, were resistant to NK cell-mediated lysis. However, upon stimulation with GM-CSF, NK cells could mediate lysis of these dendritic cells. GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand dendritic cells or splenic dendritic cells increased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and known NK cell ligands. Likewise, NK cells could target dendritic cells in vivo, which could be inhibited, in part, by anti-GM-CSF antibodies. The blocking of CD54 or CD226 inhibited NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of the GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand conventional dendritic cells. Furthermore, the CD226+NKG2A- subset of NK cells was selectively better at targeting GM-CSF-stimulated Flt3 ligand conventional dendritic cells. However, CD155, a known ligand for CD226, could also act as an inhibitor of NK cell-mediated lysis, as dendritic cells lacking CD155 were more sensitive to NK cell-mediated lysis than wild-type dendritic cells. We hypothesize that by only permitting a subset of NK cells to target activated dendritic cells during inflammation, this would allow the immune system to balance between dendritic cells able to drive adaptive immune responses and dendritic cells targeted for elimination by NK cells to hinder, e.g., spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Smith
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcin A Olszewski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cadiz, Spain; Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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16
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Kraus AK, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Ravens I, Gaspert A, Cippà PE, Mueller S, Wuthrich RP, Segerer S, Bernhardt G, Fehr T. The Role of T Cell Costimulation via DNAM-1 in Kidney Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147951. [PMID: 26840537 PMCID: PMC4739582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAX accessory protein-1 (DNAM-1, CD226) is a co-stimulatory and adhesion molecule expressed mainly by natural killer cells and T cells. DNAM-1 and its two ligands CD112 and CD155 are important in graft-versus-host disease, but their role in solid organ transplantation is largely unknown. We investigated the relevance of this pathway in a mouse kidney transplantation model. CD112 and CD155 are constitutively expressed on renal tubular cells and strongly upregulated in acutely rejected renal allografts. In vitro DNAM-1 blockade during allogeneic priming reduced the allospecific T cell response but not the allospecific cytotoxicity against renal tubular epithelial cells. Accordingly, absence of DNAM-1 in recipient mice or absence of CD112 or CD155 in the kidney allograft did not significantly influence renal function and severity of rejection after transplantation, but led to a higher incidence of infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient kidney allografts. Thus, DNAM-1 blockade is not effective in preventing transplant rejection. Despite of being highly expressed, CD112 and CD155 do not appear to play a major immunogenic role in kidney transplantation. Considering the high incidence of renal infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient grafts, blocking these molecules might be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kraus
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Wuthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Fehr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Shibuya A, Förster R, Bernhardt G. CD155/CD226-interaction impacts on the generation of innate CD8+
thymocytes by regulating iNKT-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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18
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Seth S, Qiu Q, Danisch S, Maier MK, Braun A, Ravens I, Czeloth N, Hyde R, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Intranodal interaction with dendritic cells dynamically regulates surface expression of the co-stimulatory receptor CD226 protein on murine T cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39153-63. [PMID: 21937446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.264697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. Depending on their maturation status, they prime T cells to induce adaptive immunity or tolerance. DCs express CD155, an immunoglobulin-like receptor binding CD226 present on T and natural killer (NK) cells. CD226 represents an important co-stimulator during T cell priming but also serves as an activating receptor on cytotoxic T and NK cells. Here, we report that cells of the T and NK cell lineage of CD155(-/-) mice express markedly elevated protein levels of CD226 compared with wild type (WT). On heterozygous CD155(+/-) T cells, CD226 up-regulation is half-maximal, implying an inverse gene-dosis effect. Moreover, CD226 up-regulation is independent of antigen-driven activation because it occurs already in thymocytes and naïve peripheral T cells. In vivo, neutralizing anti-CD155 antibody elicits up-regulation of CD226 on T cells demonstrating, that the observed modulation can be triggered by interrupting CD155-CD226 contacts. Adoptive transfers of WT or CD155(-/-) T cells into CD155(-/-) or WT recipients, respectively, revealed that CD226 modulation is accomplished in trans. Analysis of bone marrow chimeras showed that regulators in trans are of hematopoietic origin. We demonstrate that DCs are capable of manipulating CD226 levels on T cells in vivo but not in vitro, suggesting that the process of T cells actively scanning antigen-presenting DCs inside secondary lymphoid organs is required for CD226 modulation. Hence, a CD226 level divergent from WT may be exploited as a sensor to detect abnormal DC/T-cell cross-talk as illustrated for T cells in mice lacking CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Qiu Q, Ravens I, Seth S, Rathinasamy A, Maier MK, Davalos-Misslitz A, Forster R, Bernhardt G. CD155 is involved in negative selection and is required to retain terminally maturing CD8 T cells in thymus. J Immunol 2010; 184:1681-9. [PMID: 20048123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During their final maturation in the medulla, semimature single-positive (SP) thymocytes downregulate activation markers and subsequently exit into the periphery. Although semimature CD4(+) SP cells are sensitive to negative selection, the timing of when negative selection occurs in the CD8 lineage remains elusive. We show that the abundance of terminally matured CD8(+) SP cells in adult thymus is modulated by the genetic background. Moreover, in BALB/c mice, the frequency of terminally matured CD8(+) SP cells, but not that of CD4(+) SP cells present in thymus, varies depending on age. In mice lacking expression of the adhesion receptor CD155, a selective deficiency of mature CD8(+) SP thymocytes was observed, emerging first in adolescent animals at the age when these cells start to accumulate in wild-type thymus. Evidence is provided that the mature cells emigrate prematurely when CD155 is absent, cutting short their retention time in the medulla. Moreover, in nonmanipulated wild-type mice, semimature CD8(+) SP thymocytes are subjected to negative selection, as reflected by the diverging TCR repertoires present on semimature and mature CD8(+) T cells. In CD155-deficient animals, a shift was found in the TCR repertoire displayed by the pool of CD8(+) SP cells, demonstrating that CD155 is involved in negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Qiu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Seth S, Ravens I, Kremmer E, Maier MK, Hadis U, Hardtke S, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Abundance of follicular helper T cells in Peyer's patches is modulated by CD155. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:3160-70. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Seth S, Georgoudaki AM, Chambers BJ, Qiu Q, Kremmer E, Maier MK, Czeloth N, Ravens I, Foerster R, Bernhardt G. Heterogeneous expression of the adhesion receptor CD226 on murine NK and T cells and its function in NK-mediated killing of immature dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:91-101. [PMID: 19380711 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1208745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) is a member of the Ig superfamily possessing two extracellular V-like domains. In humans, CD226 was shown to be expressed by NK as well as T cells. During T cell priming, CD226-mediated costimulatory signals may skew the subsequent differentiation into the Th1 pathway. In addition, CD226 expressed on NK and cytotoxic T cells is engaged by its counter-receptor CD155, present on target cells, thereby triggering their elimination. We established mAb specifically recognizing mCD226, demonstrating that CD226 is expressed by precursor and mature but not developing T cells. In contrast, NK cells are distinguished by a rather heterogeneous CD226 expression profile. In addition, expression of CD226 appears coupled to that of other NK cell receptors, as high expression of CD226 was found to correlate with decreased proportions of Ly49D and H positive NK cells. Upon injection into mice, the anti-CD226 antibodies caused selective depletion of CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, these antibodies as well as a naturally occurring CD226 splice variant lacking the outermost V-like domain were instrumental in determining that CD226 adheres to CD155 via its first domain. In addition, antibodies were identified as capable of blocking the CD226/CD155 interaction and to prevent NK-driven killing of immature DC. CD226 is thus the first mNK receptor identified to be essential for the elimination of this particular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Meyer D, Seth S, Albrecht J, Maier MK, du Pasquier L, Ravens I, Dreyer L, Burger R, Gramatzki M, Schwinzer R, Kremmer E, Foerster R, Bernhardt G. CD96 interaction with CD155 via its first Ig-like domain is modulated by alternative splicing or mutations in distal Ig-like domains. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:2235-44. [PMID: 19056733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807698200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion receptor CD96 (TACTILE) is a transmembrane glycoprotein possessing three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. Among peripheral blood cells, CD96 is expressed on T cells as well as NK cells and a subpopulation of B cells. A possible function of this receptor in NK cell-mediated killing activities was suggested recently. Moreover, CD96 was described as a tumor marker for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. CD96 binds to CD155 (poliovirus receptor) and nectin-1, an adhesion receptor related to CD155. Here we report that human but not mouse CD96 is expressed in two splice variants possessing either an I-like (variant 1) or V-like (variant 2) second domain. With the notable exception of an AML tumor sample, variant 2 predominates in all the CD96-expressing cell types and tissues examined. Using chimeric human/murine CD96 receptors, we show that the interaction with its ligands is mediated via the outermost V-like domain. In contrast to mouse, however, the binding of human CD96 to CD155 is sensitive to the characteristics of the two downstream domains. This is illustrated by a significantly weaker CD96/CD155 interaction mediated by variant 1 when compared with variant 2. Moreover, recent evidence suggested that mutations in human CD96 correlate with the occurrence of a rare form of trigonocephaly. One such mutation causing a single amino acid exchange in the third domain of human CD96 decreased the capacity of both variants to bind to CD155 considerably, suggesting that a CD96-driven adhesion to CD155 may be crucial in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Meyer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Seth S, Maier M, Qiu Q, Ravens I, Kremmer E, Förster R, Bernhardt G. The murine pan T cell marker CD96 is an adhesion receptor for CD155 and nectin-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:959-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Maier MK, Seth S, Czeloth N, Qiu Q, Ravens I, Kremmer E, Ebel M, Müller W, Pabst O, Förster R, Bernhardt G. The adhesion receptor CD155 determines the magnitude of humoral immune responses against orally ingested antigens. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2214-25. [PMID: 17621371 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD155, originally known as the cellular receptor for poliovirus, is the founding member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin-like adhesion receptors. Apart from its function in establishing adherens junctions between contacting epithelial cells, the engagement of CD155 with two recently identified ligands, CD226 and CD96, mediates immunologically relevant processes such as NK cell-driven killing of tumor cells in humans. Here we report on the generation and immunological analysis of mice constitutively deficient of CD155. Moreover, the expression profile of CD155 on hematopoietic cells has been determined using newly established antibodies. CD155-deficient mice develop normally without displaying an overt phenotype. However, the animals are distinguished by distinct deficits in the development of a regular humoral immune response. Whereas systemic challenges revealed no differences, orally administered antigen evoked less efficient IgG and IgA antibody responses despite of normal IgM titers when compared to wild-type mice. Therefore, CD155 may assist in an efficient humoral immune response generated within the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Maier
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Ravens I, Seth S, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Characterization and identification of Tage4 as the murine orthologue of human poliovirus receptor/CD155. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312:1364-71. [PMID: 14652024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CD155 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily also known as the human receptor for poliovirus (PVR). Transmembrane glycoproteins related to CD155, the nectins, are well-characterized cell adhesion receptors displaying a high degree of sequence conservation across species. In contrast, CD155 belongs to the category of rapidly evolving genes wherefore a mouse CD155 gene distinguished by an affirmative extent of amino acid conservation as observed for nectins is absent. Consequently, the existing genetic evidence by itself is an inferior indicator to consider whether Tage4, a mouse orphan receptor, represents the murine orthologue of CD155. In the present study Tage4 cDNA was cloned from mouse lung and further characterized genetically. CD155 and Tage4 possess an identical genomic organization and reside in syntenic chromosomal regions. The Tage4 expression pattern was explored applying a newly generated antibody. Both receptors, CD155 in human and Tage4 in mouse, are expressed by intestinal epithelia as well as by follicle associated epithelium and follicular dendritic cells inside Peyer's patches of the gut associated lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, Tage4 lacks self-adhesion capacity but binds to vitronectin, two known features of CD155. These data indicate that Tage4 represents the functional orthologue of CD155 in mouse. Therefore, we suggest to rename Tage4 into rodent CD155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen Str. 21, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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