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Tang CW, Yang JH, Qin JW, Wu HJ, Cui HP, Ge LY, Liu AQ. Regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and NK Cell Dysfunction by Exosomal miR-552-5p in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:3276-3289. [PMID: 39020183 PMCID: PMC11415408 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear. METHOD Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients' cells. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Tang
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin-Hua Yang
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Qin
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui-Jie Wu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Hao-Peng Cui
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lian-Ying Ge
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Wang C, Wang J, Guan W, Fei B. Impact the impact of gut microbiota on gastric cancer via immune cells: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:389. [PMID: 39215888 PMCID: PMC11365895 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent observational studies have highlighted the role of altered gut microbiota (GM) in the activation of the host immune system and the resulting of gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact causal relationship and mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic data from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to determine the causal effects of 207 taxa and 205 bacterial pathways on GC via two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and two-step mediation MR analysis. In this study, 731 immune cell traits served as potential mediators. An inverse variance-weighted (IVW) estimation, augmented by a range of alternative estimators, notably the Bayesian-weighted MR method, was employed as the primary methodological approach. RESULTS Four taxa and five bacterial pathways were found to be negatively correlated with GC, whereas one taxon and two bacterial pathways were a positively correlated with GC. Reverse causality was not found in the reverse MR analysis. Additional validation was performed using a sensitivity analysis. Mediation MR analyses revealed that the GM influences GC through various phenotypes of 16 immune cells that act as mediators. For example, s_Alistipes_sp_AP11 was found to inhibit GC through NKT %T cell (total effect: -0.3234, mediation effect: 0.0212). This mediating effect further highlights the complex relationship among GMs, immune cell traits, and their combined effects on GC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the genetic connection between specific GMs and GC, emphasizing the potential role of immune cells as mediators, and offering valuable perspectives on potential therapeutic strategies that manipulating the GM to address GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Yue Y, Zi M, Feng J, Wang W, Ren Z, Wu C, Yang Z. Efficacy of nature killer cell combination chemotherapy for post-radical gastric cancer metastases: Case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241254743. [PMID: 38803362 PMCID: PMC11129568 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241254743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nature killer cell therapy has shown strong efficacy in the field of oncology in recent years and has been applied to patients with metastases with the aim of improving the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. A 59-year-old male with gastric adenocarcinoma with pancreatic metastasis (T4N0M1) who underwent radical surgery for gastric cancer with tumor metastasis was treated with oxaliplatin and tegafur combined with cellular reinfusion in stages. Computed tomograpy scan and serum tumor markers were monitored continuously after the treatment course. After five courses of combined treatment, the patient was in disease control with no significant side effects. At the last follow-up, the alpha fetoprotein had returned to its normal value with a poor display of low-density shadows in the body of the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer is insidious in origin and has a high mortality rate. The report provides clinical evidence for cell therapy of pancreatic metastatic cancer with improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Yue
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zi
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenbang Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhaoqi Ren
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuntao Wu
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Lee JA, Kim SJ, Seo HS, Lee HH, Kim SG, Jun KH, Song KY, Jung YJ. Radical gastrectomy is safe for treatment of gastric cancer patients on immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1264628. [PMID: 38269025 PMCID: PMC10807791 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1264628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background De novo malignancies are major causes of death after organ transplantation because the recipients subsequently receive immunosuppressant drugs. When gastric cancer develops, the clinical course of the tumor may be particularly aggressive. However, there are few reliable studies of gastric cancer treatment after organ transplantation. This study examined the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients after organ transplantation and evaluated treatment outcomes after gastrectomy. Methods Clinical data were collected from 54 patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer after organ transplantation. Of these, 30 who underwent surgery for gastric cancer while on immunosuppressant medications were compared with a control group of 625 gastric cancer patients. To compensate for clinical differences between the two groups, 1:1 propensity-score matching was performed. Results Among the 30 gastric cancer patients on immunosuppressants, kidney transplantation was the most common procedure (19/30, 63.3%) followed by bone marrow (6) and liver transplantation (4); among all 54 patients, 45 were on one or two immunosuppressants. Up-migration to an advanced pathological stage was more frequent in the transplant group. In multivariate analysis, transplantation was a significant risk factor for up-migration from the T, M, and final stages after surgery. When the 30 patients on immunosuppressants who underwent gastric cancer surgery were compared with the matched controls, the total incidence (30.0 vs 40.0%, P = 0.417) and the number of severe postoperative complications (16.7 vs 13.4%, P = 0.417) did not differ significantly between groups after propensity score matching. In terms of overall survival, the transplant group showed significantly worse prognosis in stages I, II, and IV (P < 0.001, P = 0.039 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Radical gastrectomy can be a safe oncological procedure for gastric cancer patients on immunosuppressants after transplantation. Considering their immunosuppressed condition and the possibility of underestimation of the stage of gastric cancer, early detection with endoscopic screening is needed to allow curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Seo
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Geun Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeouedo St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Jun
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Jung
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeouedo St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Saultz JN, Otegbeye F. Optimizing the cryopreservation and post-thaw recovery of natural killer cells is critical for the success of off-the-shelf platforms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1304689. [PMID: 38193082 PMCID: PMC10773738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising allogeneic, off-the-shelf, cellular immunotherapy product. These cells can be manipulated ex vivo, genetically edited to enhance tumor targeting and expanded to produce large cell banks for multiple patient infusions. Therapeutic efficacy of these products depends on the recovery of viable and functional cells post-thaw. Post-thaw loss of viability and cytolytic activity results in large, and often variable, discrepancies between the intended cell dose (based on counts at cryopreservation) and the actual dose administered. Compared to their highly activated state in fresh culture, post-thaw NK cells demonstrate critical changes in cytokine production, cytotoxic activity, in vivo proliferation and migration. When these NK cells are introduced into the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the functional changes induced by cryopreservation further limits the clinical potential of these products. This report will review the impact of cryopreservation on ex vivo expanded NK cells and outlines strategies described in published studies to recover post-thaw function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Saultz
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Folashade Otegbeye
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Jung YJ, Woo JS, Hwang SH, Yang S, Kim SJ, Jhun J, Lee SY, Lee KH, Cho ML, Song KY. Effect of IL-10-producing B cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue on gastric cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:320. [PMID: 37946227 PMCID: PMC10634038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-10-producing B (B10) cells are generated in response to signals from the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor growth by interacting with B10 cells. We investigated the distributions of immune cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples from patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy in Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between August 2020 and May 2021 were enrolled in this study. Forty-two samples of peripheral blood were collected, and a pair of gastric mucosal samples (normal and cancerous mucosa; did not influence tumor diagnosis or staging) was collected from each patient after surgery. B10 cells in peripheral blood and cancer mucosa samples were investigated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. AGS cells, gastric cancer cell line, were cultured with IL-10 and measured cell death and cytokine secretion. Also, AGS cells were co-cultured with CD19 + B cells and measured cytokine secretion. RESULTS The population of B10 cells was significantly larger in the blood of patients with GC compared with controls. In confocal images of gastric mucosal tissues, cancerous mucosa contained more B10 cells than normal mucosa. The population of B10 cells in cancerous mucosa increased with cancer stage. When AGS cells were cultured under cell-death conditions, cellular necrosis was significantly decreased, and proliferation was increased, for 1 day after IL-10 stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by cancer cells was significantly increased by coculture of AGS cells with GC-derived CD19+ B cells. CONCLUSIONS B cells may be one of the populations that promote carcinogenesis by inducing the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10, in GC. Targeting B10 cells activity could improve the outcomes of antitumor immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ju Jung
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 07345, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - SeungCheon Yang
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - So Jung Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - JooYeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Kun Hee Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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Sha R, Zhang J, Meng F, Zhaori G. Gastric cancer metastasis-related NT5DC2 indicates unfavorable prognosis of patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35030. [PMID: 37800836 PMCID: PMC10553061 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 80 to 90% of patients with gastric cancer (GC) eventually develop into metastatic GC nowadays,because GC is difficult to be diagnosed at an early stage. GC patients with metastases typically have a poor prognosis. It is necessary to explore a potential prognostic marker in metastatic GC. METHODS All GC data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The metastasis-related candidate gene and its role in GC were analyzed by comprehensive analysis. RESULTS Totally 1049 metastasis-related genes were identified in GC. Univariate Cox regression analysis screened the top 10 genes (PDHX, SLC43A1, CSAG2, NT5DC2, CSAG1, FMN1, MED1, HIVEP2, FNDC3A, and PPP1R2) that were closely correlated with prognosis of GC patients. Among which, NT5DC2 was screened as the target gene for subsequent study. The NT5DC2 expression were increased in primary GC and metastatic GC samples. Moreover, GC patients with high NT5DC2 expression exhibited shorter overall survival and post progression survival, and the NT5DC2 was metastatic GC patients' independent prognostic factor. Totally 29 pathways were activated in metastatic GC samples with high NT5DC2 expression. Four immune cells' infiltration were significantly different between NT5DC2 high and low expressed metastatic GC patients. NT5DC2 showed significantly negative correlations with 6 types of immune cells' critical marker genes and 5 types of immune cell infiltration. The 10 immune checkpoint expressions were decreased in high NTDC2 expression metastatic GC patients. CONCLUSIONS NT5DC2 plays a prognostic role in metastatic GC. GC patients with high NT5DC2 expression indicates unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Sha
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Getu Zhaori
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
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Izadpanah A, Mohammadkhani N, Masoudnia M, Ghasemzad M, Saeedian A, Mehdizadeh H, Poorebrahim M, Ebrahimi M. Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18960-18980. [PMID: 37698048 PMCID: PMC10557910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with various properties such as self-renewal, heterogenicity, and capacity for drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt, as well as CSCs' surface markers such as CD44, CD123, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and surface markers might effectively eradicate tumors and pave the way for cancer survival. Since current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cannot eradicate all of the CSCs and tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel and more efficient therapeutic options to combine with current treatments is required. Immunotherapy strategies are the new therapeutic modalities with promising results in targeting CSCs. Here, we review the targeting of CSCs by immunotherapy strategies such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered immune cells, natural killer-cell (NK-cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Ghasemzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology‐Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Arefeh Saeedian
- Radiation Oncology Research CenterCancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Mehdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of regenerative medicineCell Science research Center, Royan Institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECRTehranIran
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Liu HL, Feng X, Tang MM, Zhou HY, Peng H, Ge J, Liu T. Prognostic significance of preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with signet ring gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1673-1683. [PMID: 37701703 PMCID: PMC10494583 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i8.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR) has been shown to be an effective predictor of gastric cancer prognosis. However, its predictive accuracy for signet ring gastric cancer is currently not well understood. AIM To evaluate the prognosis predictive accuracy of preoperative LMR in signet ring gastric cancer. METHODS A total of 212 signet ring gastric cancer patients admitted at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, from January 2012 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study. The prognosis predictive accuracy of preoperative LMR was explored based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic. Factors that significantly affect the survival of patients were identified using single factor analysis, and those that were independently associated with signet ring gastric cancer were identified through multivariate analysis. RESULTS The results of the single factor analysis revealed a strong correlation between the survival of signet ring gastric cancer patients and several factors, including tumor invasion (χ2 = 49.726; P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 30.269; P < 0.001), pTNM stage (χ2 = 49.322; P < 0.001), surgical approach (χ2 = 8.489; P = 0.004), age (t = -2.213; P < 0.028), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (Z = -3.265; P = 0.001), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (Z = -2.196; P = 0.028), LMR (Z = -2.226; P = 0.026), ALB (t = 3.284; P = 0.001), prognostic nutritional index (t = -3.789; P < 0.001) and FIB (Z = -3.065; P = 0.002). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis further demonstrated that age (HR: 0.563, 95%CI: 0.363-0.873), tumor invasion depth (HR: 0.226, 95%CI: 0.098-0.520), pTNM stage (HR: 0.444, 95%CI: 0.255-0.771), preoperative CEA level (HR: 0.597, 95%CI: 0.386-8.790), and preoperative LMR level (HR: 1.776, 95%CI: 1.150-2.741) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of signet ring gastric cancer. CONCLUSION In signet ring gastric cancer patients, a low preoperative LMR level predicts poor prognosis. The death risk ratio of the low LMR group compared to the high LMR group is 1.776.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Vlasac IM, Christensen BC, Salas LA. Normal gastric tissue Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with epigenetic age acceleration, increased mitotic tick rate, tissue cell composition, and Natural Killer cell methylation alterations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546926. [PMID: 37425894 PMCID: PMC10327075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinomas are a leading cause of global mortality, associated with chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori. The mechanisms by which infection with H. pylori contributes to carcinogenesis are not well understood. Recent studies from subjects with and without gastric cancer have identified significant DNA methylation alterations in normal gastric mucosa associated with H. pylori infection and gastric cancer risk. Here we further investigated DNA methylation alterations in normal gastric mucosa in gastric cancer cases (n = 42) and control subjects (n = 42) with H. pylori infection data. We assessed tissue cell type composition, DNA methylation alterations within cell populations, epigenetic aging, and repetitive element methylation. Results In normal gastric mucosa of both gastric cancer cases and control subjects, we observed increased epigenetic age acceleration associated with H. pylori infection. We also observed an increased mitotic tick rate associated with H. pylori infection in both gastric cancer cases and controls. Significant differences in immune cell populations associated with H. pylori infection in normal tissue from cancer cases and controls were identified using DNA methylation cell type deconvolution. We also found natural killer cell-specific methylation alterations in normal mucosa from gastric cancer patients with H. pylori infection. Conclusions Our findings from normal gastric mucosa provide insight into underlying cellular composition and epigenetic aspects of H. pylori associated gastric cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma M. Vlasac
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lucas A. Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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11
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Xie Z, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhang S, Shao B. Epigenetic regulation and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:17. [PMID: 37273004 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to neoplastic processes, fostering proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Epigenetic regulations, primarily including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA, have been generally recognized as an essential feature of tumor malignancy, exceedingly contributing to the dysregulation of the core gene expression in neoplastic cells, bringing about the evasion of immunosurveillance by influencing the immune cells in TME. Recently, compelling evidence have highlighted that clinical therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic machinery modulate carcinogenesis through targeting TME components, including normalizing cells' phenotype, suppressing cells' neovascularization and repressing the immunosuppressive components in TME. Therefore, TME components have been nominated as a promising target for epigenetic drugs in clinical cancer management. This review focuses on the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications occurring to the pivotal TME components including the stroma, immune and myeloid cells in various tumors reported in the last five years, concludes the tight correlation between TME reprogramming and tumor progression and immunosuppression, summarizes the current advances in cancer clinical treatments and potential therapeutic targets with reference to epigenetic drugs. Finally, we summarize some of the restrictions in the field of cancer research at the moment, further discuss several interesting epigenetic gene targets with potential strategies to boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zirui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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12
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A novel metabolism-related prognostic gene development and validation in gastric cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:447-459. [PMID: 36168087 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of metabolism-related alterations in the development of gastric cancer (GC) is increasingly recognized. The present study aimed to identify metabolism-related genes to facilitate prognosis of GC patients. METHODS Gene expression datasets and clinical information of GC patients were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. We scored the enrichment of human metabolism-related pathways (n = 86) in GC samples by GSV, constructed prognostic risk models using LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis, combined with clinical information to construct a nomogram, and finally cis score algorithm to analyze the abundance of immune-related cells in different subtypes. We used Weka software to screen for prognosis-related marker genes and finally validated the expression of the selected genes in clinical cancer patient tissues. RESULTS We identified that two GC metabolism-related signatures were strongly associated with OS and the levels of immune cell infiltration. Moreover, a survival prediction model for GC was established based on six GC metabolism-related genes. Time-dependent ROC analysis showed good stability of the risk prediction scoring model. The model was successfully validated in an independent ACRG cohort, and the expression trends of key genes were also verified in the GC tissues of patients. DLX1, LTBP2, FGFR1 and MMP2 were highly expressed in the cluster with poorer prognosis while SLC13A2 and SLCO1B3 were highly expressed in the cluster with better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a risk predictive score model based on six metabolism-related genes related to survival, which may serve as prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets for GC.
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Keshavjee SH, Moy RH, Reiner SL, Ryeom SW, Yoon SS. Gastric Cancer and the Immune System: The Key to Improving Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235940. [PMID: 36497422 PMCID: PMC9739366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is by far the most common form of gastric cancer (GC) and is a highly lethal form of cancer arising from the gastric epithelium. GC is an important area of focus of the medical community, given its often late-stage of diagnosis and associated high mortality rate. While surgery and chemotherapy remain the primary treatments, attention has been drawn to the use of immunologic therapies, which have shown promise in the treatment of other malignancies. The role for immune-based therapies has become clearer as we obtain a greater understanding of the role of the immune system in gastric cancer formation and growth. A variety treatment to augment the immune system are under evaluation in clinical trials, and these include immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune cell-based therapies. Here, we review the immune landscape and immune-based therapies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Keshavjee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ryan H. Moy
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven L. Reiner
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sandra W. Ryeom
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sam S. Yoon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Liu Y, Li C, Lu Y, Liu C, Yang W. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune tolerance in development and treatment of gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016817. [PMID: 36341377 PMCID: PMC9630479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is the general term for all non-cancer components and their metabolites in tumor tissue. These components include the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. In the early stages of tumors, the tumor microenvironment has a tumor suppressor function. As the tumor progresses, tumor immune tolerance is induced under the action of various factors, such that the tumor suppressor microenvironment is continuously transformed into a tumor-promoting microenvironment, which promotes tumor immune escape. Eventually, tumor cells manifest the characteristics of malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, stress effects of the extracellular matrix, metabolic and phenotypic changes of innate immune cells (such as neutrophils, mast cells), and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have been revealed to mediate the emerging mechanisms of immune tolerance, providing us with a large number of emerging therapeutic targets to relieve tumor immune tolerance. Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive tract malignancies worldwide, whose mortality rate remains high. According to latest guidelines, the first-line chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer is the traditional platinum and fluorouracil therapy, while immunotherapy for gastric cancer is extremely limited, including only Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeted drugs, whose benefits are limited. Clinical experiments confirmed that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and other targeted drugs alone or in combination with other drugs have limited efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer, far less than in lung cancer, colon cancer, and other tumors. The failure of immunotherapy is mainly related to the induction of immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. Therefore, solving the immune tolerance of tumors is key to the success of gastric cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we summarize the latest mechanisms of various components of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer for inducing immune tolerance and promoting the formation of the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer, as well as the research progress of targeting the tumor microenvironment to overcome immune tolerance in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Li, ; Wei Yang,
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Li, ; Wei Yang,
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Yaping W, Zhe W, Zhuling C, Ruolei L, Pengyu F, Lili G, Cheng J, Bo Z, Liuyin L, Guangdong H, Yaoling W, Niuniu H, Rui L. The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:988703. [PMID: 36246629 PMCID: PMC9558824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a key component. Different types of TIICs play distinct roles. CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells could secrete soluble factors to hinder tumor cell growth, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) release inhibitory factors to promote tumor growth and progression. In the meantime, a growing body of evidence illustrates that the balance between pro- and anti-tumor responses of TIICs is associated with the prognosis in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in order to boost anti-tumor response and improve the clinical outcome of tumor patients, a variety of anti-tumor strategies for targeting TIICs based on their respective functions have been developed and obtained good treatment benefits, including mainly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and various monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, the tumor-specific features of immune cells are further investigated by various methods, such as using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the results indicate that these cells have diverse phenotypes in different types of tumors and emerge inconsistent therapeutic responses. Hence, we concluded the recent advances in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including functions, prognostic values, and various immunotherapy strategies for each immune cell in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yaping
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Zhe
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chu Zhuling
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ruolei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Pengyu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Lili
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Liuyin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hou Guangdong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Yaoling
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Niuniu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
| | - Ling Rui
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
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16
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Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Ahmadvand M, Emami AH, Muhammadnejad S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Ai J, Zali MR, Seyhoun I, Verdi J, Baghaei K. Chemo-immune cell therapy by intratumoral injection of adoptive NK cells with capecitabine in gastric cancer xenograft model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:383-392. [PMID: 37736341 PMCID: PMC10509737 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.26386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly known malignancies and is the fifth cancer-related death globally. Whereas natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in tumor elimination; therefore, adoptive NK cell therapy has become a promising approach in cancer cytotherapy. Hence, this study investigated the chemo-immune cell therapy in MKN-45 derived xenograft gastric cancer model. Methods Three groups of animals have received the following treatments separately: activated NK cells, capecitabine, the combination of capecitabine and activated NK cells, and one was considered as the control group. Morphometric properties of tumor samples were evaluated at the end of the study. NK cells infiltration was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of hCD56. Mitotic count and treatment response was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The proliferation ratio to apoptosis was determined by IHC assessment of Ki67 and caspase 3. Results The results indicated that the NK cell therapy could effectively decrease the mitotic count in pathology assessment, but the tumor was not completely eradicated. In combination with metronomic chemotherapy (MC) of capecitabine, NK cell therapy demonstrated a significant difference in tumor morphometric properties compared to the control group. The proliferation ratio to apoptosis was also in line with pathology data. Conclusion Although NK cell therapy could effectively decrease the mitotic count in vivo, the obtained findings indicated lesser potency than MC despite ex vivo activation. In order to enhance NK cell therapy effectiveness, suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment and inhibitory immune checkpoints blockade should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Emami
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Seyhoun
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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lncRNA MANCR Inhibits NK Cell Killing Effect on Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting miRNA-30d-5p. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4928635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. NK cells are imperative in spontaneous antitumor response of various cancers. Currently, lncRNAs are considered important modulators of the tumor microenvironment. This study investigated the molecular mechanism by which mitotically associated long noncoding RNA (MANCR) controls killing effect of NK cells on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the tumor microenvironment. Methods. The interplay between MANCR and miRNA-30d-5p was analyzed by bioinformatics. Expression of MANCR mRNA and miRNA-30d-5p was examined using qRT-PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays were utilized to verify the targeted relationship between MANCR and miRNA-30d-5p. To investigate regulation of MANCR/miRNA-30d-5p axis in NK cell killing effect on LUAD cells, western blot tested the protein level of perforin and granzyme B. ELISA determined the level of IFN-γ. CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit was applied for cytotoxicity detection of NK cells. Perforin and granzyme B fluorescence intensity was measured via immunofluorescence, and cell apoptosis levels were also revealed via flow cytometry. Results. MANCR was found to be upregulated, while miRNA-30d-5p expression was downregulated in LUAD tissues. Overexpression of MANCR in LUAD cells significantly reduced NK cell IFN-γ secretion, expression of granzyme B and perforin, and NK cell killing effect. In addition, MANCR could target and downregulate miRNA-30d-5p expression, and miRNA-30d-5p overexpression reversed the inhibition of NK cell killing effect caused by MANCR overexpression. Conclusion. MANCR inhibited the killing effect of NK cells on LUAD via targeting and downregulating miRNA-30d-5p and provided new ideas for antitumor therapy based on tumor microenvironment.
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18
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Morinaga T, Iwatsuki M, Yamashita K, Matsumoto C, Harada K, Kurashige J, Iwagami S, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Komohara Y, Baba H. Evaluation of HLA-E Expression Combined with Natural Killer Cell Status as a Prognostic Factor for Advanced Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:4951-4960. [PMID: 35412205 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NKG2A/HLA-E pathway functions as an immune checkpoint with potential for inhibition using therapeutic antibodies. Through this pathway, immune cells lose activity, which allows cancers to progress. We aimed to determine whether HLA-E expression combined with NK cell status serves as a prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We enrolled patients (n = 232) with advanced GC who underwent curative gastrectomy. Immunohistochemical analyses of global HLA-E expression, and the expression of CD56 and CD3 to identify NK cells were performed. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of HLA-E expression and NK status. RESULTS Patients with HLA-E-positive was 104 (41.3%) and had significantly worse prognosis of relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with those with HLA-E-negative. Moreover, patients with NK Low status had worse prognoses for RFS compared with those with NK High status. Statistical analysis of RFS demonstrated that HLA-E expression was a significant independent factor for poor prognosis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.04-2.36, P = 0.031). Furthermore, HLA-E-positive patients with low NK low status experienced the shortest RFS, particularly those in the upper GC group. CONCLUSIONS HLA-E served as a prognostic factor after curative resection of GC, and HLA-E expression combined with NK status served as a sensitive prognostic biomarker for advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Morinaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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19
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Yu X, He S, Shen J, Huang Q, Yang P, Huang L, Pu D, Wang L, Li L, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhu L. Tumor vessel normalization and immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221110176. [PMID: 35872968 PMCID: PMC9297465 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor, and patients with GC have a low survival rate due to limited effective treatment methods. Angiogenesis and immune evasion are two key processes in GC progression, and they act synergistically to promote tumor progression. Tumor vascular normalization has been shown to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, which in turn may be improved through enhanced immune stimulation. Therefore, it may be interesting to identify synergies between immunomodulatory agents and anti-angiogenic therapies in GC. This strategy aims to normalize the tumor microenvironment through the action of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor while stimulating the immune response through immunotherapy and prolonging the survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Pu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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20
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Kang D, Kim IH. Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Rationale of Immunotherapy in Peritoneal Metastasis of Advanced Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061376. [PMID: 35740397 PMCID: PMC9220323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is one of the most frequent metastasis patterns of gastric cancer (GC), and the prognosis of patients with PM is very dismal. According to Paget’s theory, disseminated free cancer cells are seeded and survive in the abdominal cavity, adhere to the peritoneum, invade the subperitoneal tissue, and proliferate through angiogenesis. In these sequential processes, several key molecules are involved. From a therapeutic point of view, immunotherapy with chemotherapy combination has become the standard of care for advanced GC. Several clinical trials of newer immunotherapy agents are ongoing. Understanding of the molecular process of PM and the potential rationale of immunotherapy for PM treatment is necessary. Beyond understanding of the molecular aspect of PM, many studies have been conducted on the modality of treatment of PM. Notably, intraperitoneal approaches, including chemotherapy or immunotherapy, have been conducted, because systemic treatment of PM has limitations. In this study, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and immunologic aspects of PM, and intraperitoneal approaches under investigation for treating PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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21
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Xu P, Chen X, Xu Y, Fu L, Li Y, Fu H, Yao Q, Quan H, Lou L. Trastuzumab in combination with PEGylated interferon-α1b exerts synergistic antitumor activity through enhanced inhibition of HER2 downstream signaling and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:549-561. [PMID: 35261786 PMCID: PMC8899978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is the mainstay of treatment for HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, and its combination with multiple chemotherapeutic agents has represented an effective and rational strategy in the clinic. In this study, we report that trastuzumab in combination with PEGylated interferon-α1b (IFN-α1b), a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated form of a subtype of interferon alpha (IFN-α), synergistically inhibited the proliferation of HER2-positive cells, including BT-474 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells and NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells, and also induced their apoptosis, but had no effect on HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Trastuzumab inhibited phosphorylation of HER2, AKT and ERK, an effect that was enhanced by PEGylated IFN-α1b, likely owing to PEGylated IFN-α1b-mediated downregulation of HER2 through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Moreover, PEGylated IFN-α1b significantly enhanced trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in HER2-positive cells. Importantly, trastuzumab combined with PEGylated IFN-α1b exhibited significant synergistic antitumor activity in HER2-positive BT-474 xenografts, an effect that was associated with enhanced inhibition of HER2 expression and AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Strikingly, depletion of natural killer cells with anti-Asialo GM1 antibody abrogated the synergistic antitumor activity, indicating that augmented ADCC is essential for this synergy. Taken together, our findings indicate that both enhanced inhibition of HER2 downstream signaling and augmented ADCC contribute to the synergistic antitumor activity of trastuzumab with PEGylated IFN-α1b, and imply that combining trastuzumab with PEGylated IFN-α1b could be a promising strategy for HER2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoyu Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haitian Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Guo Z, Zhou C, Zhou L, Wang Z, Zhu X, Mu X. Overexpression of DAPK1-mediated inhibition of IKKβ/CSN5/PD-L1 axis enhances natural killer cell killing ability and inhibits tumor immune evasion in gastric cancer. Cell Immunol 2021; 372:104469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Brauneck F, Seubert E, Wellbrock J, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Duan Y, Magnus T, Bokemeyer C, Koch-Nolte F, Menzel S, Fiedler W. Combined Blockade of TIGIT and CD39 or A2AR Enhances NK-92 Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in AML. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312919. [PMID: 34884723 PMCID: PMC8657570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize different natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and healthy donors (HDs). Our data show that CD56dimCD16− and CD56brightCD16− NK cells represent the predominant NK cell subpopulations in AML, while the CD56dimCD16+ NK cells are significantly reduced compared to HDs. Moreover, TIGIT+ and PVRIG+ cells cluster on the CD56dimCD16+ subset whereas CD39+ and CD38+ cells do so on CD56brightCD16− NK cells in AML. Furthermore, functional effects of (co-)blockade of TIGIT and CD39 or A2AR on NK cell functionality were analyzed. These experiments revealed that the single blockade of the TIGIT receptor results in an increased NK-92 cell-mediated killing of AML cells in vitro. Combined targeting of CD39 or A2AR significantly augments the anti-TIGIT-mediated lysis of AML cells. Our data indicate that distinct NK cell subsets in AML exhibit different immunosuppressive patterns (via the TIGIT/PVRIG receptors and the purinergic pathway). In summary, we conclude that TIGIT, CD39, and A2AR constitute relevant inhibitory checkpoints of NK cells in AML patients. A combinatorial blockade synergistically strengthens NK-92 cell-mediated cytotoxicity. As inhibitors of TIGIT, CD39, and A2AR are clinically available, studies on their combined use could be conducted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Elisa Seubert
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (Y.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Cao B, Liu M, Huang J, Zhou J, Li J, Lian H, Huang W, Guo Y, Yang S, Lin L, Cai M, Zhi C, Wu J, Liang L, Hu Y, Hu H, He J, Liang B, Zhao Q, Zhu K. Development of mesothelin-specific CAR NK-92 cells for the treatment of gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3850-3861. [PMID: 34671203 PMCID: PMC8495380 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells in solid tumors is hindered by lack of tumor-specific targets and inefficient CAR NK cell efficacy. It has been reported that mesothelin (MSLN) may be an ideal immunotherapy target for gastric cancer. However, the feasibility of using anti-MSLN CAR NK cells to treat gastric cancer remains to be studied. Methods: MSLN expression in primary human gastric cancer, normal tissues and cell lines were detected. MSLN and CD19 targeted CAR NK-92 (MSLN- and CD19-CAR NK) cells were constructed, purified and verified. N87, MKN-28, AGS and Huh-7 cells expressing the GFP and luciferase genes were transduced. Cell- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) were established via NSG mice. The ability of MSLN-CAR NK cells to kill MSLN-positive gastric cancer cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: MSLN-CAR NK cells can specifically kill MSLN-positive gastric cancer cells (N87, MKN-28 and AGS), rather than MSLN negative cell (Huh-7), in vitro. Moreover, compared with parental NK-92 cells and CD19-CAR NK cells, stronger cytokine secretions were secreted in MSLN-CAR NK cells cocultured with N87, MKN-28 and AGS. Furthermore, MSLN-CAR NK cells can effectively eliminate gastric cancer cells in both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumor models. They could also significantly prolong the survival of intraperitoneally tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, the potent antitumor effect and considerable NK cell infiltration were observed in the patient-derived xenograft treated with MSLN-CAR NK cells, which further warranted the therapeutic effects of MSLN-CAR NK cells to treat gastric cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MSLN-CAR NK cells possess strong antitumor activity and represent a promising therapeutic approach to gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Cao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Manting Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jingjun Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Junping Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Wensou Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, China
| | - Liteng Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Mingyue Cai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Cheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jingqiang Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Licong Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Yuling Hu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jinping He
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Baoxia Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078 China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
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25
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Abdolahi S, Ghazvinian Z, Muhammadnejad S, Ahmadvand M, Aghdaei HA, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Ai J, Zali MR, Verdi J, Baghaei K. Adaptive NK Cell Therapy Modulated by Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Gastric Cancer Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733075. [PMID: 34588986 PMCID: PMC8473695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, adaptive NK cell therapy has become a promising treatment but has limited efficacy as a monotherapy. The identification of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules has opened a new horizon of immunotherapy. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of a polytherapy consisting of ex vivo expanded IL-2-activated NK cells combined with human anti-PD-1 antibody as an important checkpoint molecule in a xenograft gastric cancer mouse model. EBV-LCL cell is used as a feeder to promote NK cell proliferation with a purity of 93.4%. Mice (NOG, female, 6–8 weeks old) with xenograft gastric tumors were treated with PBS, ex vivo IL-2-activated NK cells, IL-2-activated NK cell along with human anti-PD-1 (Nivolumab), and IL-2-activated pretreated NK cells with anti-PD-1 antibody. The cytotoxicity of ex vivo expanded NK cells against MKN-45 cells was assessed by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Tumor volume was evaluated for morphometric properties, and tumor-infiltrating NK cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantified by flow cytometry. Pathologic responses were considered by H and E staining. Ex vivo LDH evaluation showed the cytotoxic potential of treated NK cells against gastric cancer cell line. We indicated that the adoptive transfer of ex vivo IL-2-activated NK cells combined with anti-PD-1 resulted in tumor growth inhibition in a xenograft gastric cancer model. Mitotic count was significantly decreased (*p < 0.05), and the tumor was associated with improved infiltration of NK cells in the NK-anti-PD-1 pretreated group (*p < 0.05). In conclusion, the combination approach of activated NK cells and anti-PD-1 therapy results in tumor growth inhibition, accompanied by tumor immune cell infiltration in the gastric tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Becerril-Rico J, Alvarado-Ortiz E, Toledo-Guzmán ME, Pelayo R, Ortiz-Sánchez E. The cross talk between gastric cancer stem cells and the immune microenvironment: a tumor-promoting factor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:498. [PMID: 34503571 PMCID: PMC8428093 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross talk between cancer cells and the immune system is determinant for cancer progression. Emerging evidence demonstrates that GC characteristics such as metastasis, treatment resistance, and disease recurrence are associated with a tumor subpopulation called gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). However, the specific interaction between GCSCs and the immune microenvironment is still under investigation. Although immune evasion has been well described for cancer stem cells (CSCs), recent studies show that GCSCs can also regulate the immune system and even benefit from it. This review will provide an overview of bidirectional interactions between CSCs and immune cells in GC, compiling relevant data about how CSCs can induce leukocyte reprogramming, resulting in pro-tumoral immune cells that orchestrate promotion of metastasis, chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, and even increase in number of cancer cells with stem properties. Some immune cells studied are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as the signaling pathways involved in these pro-tumoral activities. Conversely, although there are cytotoxic leukocytes that can potentially eliminate GCSCs, we describe mechanisms for immune evasion in GCSCs and their clinical implications. Furthermore, we describe current available immunotherapy targeting GCSC-related markers as possible treatment for GC, discussing how the CSC-modified immune microenvironment can mitigate or inactivate these immunotherapies, limiting their effectiveness. Finally, we summarize key concepts and relevant evidence to understand the cross talk between GCSCs and the immune microenvironment as an important process for effective design of therapies against GCSCs that improve the outcome of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Becerril-Rico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariel E Toledo-Guzmán
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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27
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Cho H, Ryu MH, Lee HE, Kim HD, Kang YK. Prognostic value of natural killer cell activity for patients with HER2 + advanced gastric cancer treated with first-line fluoropyrimidine-platinum doublet plus trastuzumab. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:829-838. [PMID: 34420059 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of natural killer (NK) cell activity for patients with HER2 + advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treated with first-line fluoropyrimidine-platinum doublet plus trastuzumab. METHODS Forty-one patients with HER2 + AGC who received fluoropyrimidine-platinum doublet plus trastuzumab as first-line treatment were prospectively enrolled. NK cell activity was evaluated using the NK Vue®. RESULTS The median age was 63.5 years, and 31 patients (75.6%) were male. Patients with low baseline NK cell activity (≤ median, n = 21) were associated worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with patients with high baseline NK cell activity (> median, n = 20) with a median PFS of 4.21 vs. 9.53 months (P < 0.001), and median OS of 8.15 months vs. 17.82 months (P = 0.025), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, low baseline NK cell activity was independently associated with poor PFS (HR 4.35, P = 0.007). NK cell activity recovered to a normal range in nine patients (47.4%) with a low baseline NK cell activity (n = 19) after two cycles of treatment. The median PFS and OS among patients with recovered NK cell activity were significantly better than that among patients with persistently low NK cell activity (PFS, P = 0.038; OS, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline NK cell activity for patients with HER2 + AGC treated with fluoropyrimidine-platinum doublet plus trastuzumab. The association between treatment outcomes and dynamic changes in NK cell activity suggests that NK cell treatment may improve treatment outcomes, especially for patients with low baseline NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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28
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Chen Y, Sun Z, Chen W, Liu C, Chai R, Ding J, Liu W, Feng X, Zhou J, Shen X, Huang S, Xu Z. The Immune Subtypes and Landscape of Gastric Cancer and to Predict Based on the Whole-Slide Images Using Deep Learning. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685992. [PMID: 34262565 PMCID: PMC8273735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous tumor with different responses to immunotherapy. Identifying immune subtypes and landscape of GC could improve immunotherapeutic strategies. Methods Based on the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in GC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we used unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm to identify robust clusters of patients, and assessed their reproducibility in an independent cohort from Gene Expression Omnibus. We further confirmed the feasibility of our immune subtypes in five independent pan-cancer cohorts. Finally, functional enrichment analyses were provided, and a deep learning model studying the pathological images was constructed to identify the immune subtypes. Results We identified and validated three reproducible immune subtypes presented with diverse components of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, molecular features, and clinical characteristics. An immune-inflamed subtype 3, with better prognosis and the highest immune score, had the highest abundance of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T–activated cells, follicular helper T cells, M1 macrophages, and NK cells among three subtypes. By contrast, an immune-excluded subtype 1, with the worst prognosis and the highest stromal score, demonstrated the highest infiltration of CD4+ T resting cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, while an immune-desert subtype 2, with an intermediate prognosis and the lowest immune score, demonstrated the highest infiltration of M2 macrophages and mast cells, and the lowest infiltration of M1 macrophages. Besides, higher proportion of EVB and MSI of TCGA molecular subtyping, over expression of CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, and TP53, and low expression of JAK1 were observed in immune subtype 3, which consisted with the results from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These subtypes may suggest different immunotherapy strategies. Finally, deep learning can predict the immune subtypes well. Conclusion This study offers a conceptual frame to better understand the tumor immune microenvironment of GC. Future work is required to estimate its reference value for the design of immune-related studies and immunotherapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zepang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyan Liu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyang Chai
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhen Feng
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shen
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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CAR-NK Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115899. [PMID: 34072732 PMCID: PMC8197981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T) cells have emerged as a milestone in the treatment of patients with refractory B-cell neoplasms. However, despite having unprecedented efficacy against hematological malignancies, the treatment is far from flawless. Its greatest drawbacks arise from a challenging and expensive production process, strict patient eligibility criteria and serious toxicity profile. One possible solution, supported by robust research, is the replacement of T lymphocytes with NK cells for CAR expression. NK cells seem to be an attractive vehicle for CAR expression as they can be derived from multiple sources and safely infused regardless of donor-patient matching, which greatly reduces the cost of the treatment. CAR-NK cells are known to be effective against hematological malignancies, and a growing number of preclinical findings indicate that they have activity against non-hematological neoplasms. Here, we present a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of CAR-NK cells in treating various solid tumors.
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Zhou D, Wang J, Wang J, Liu X. Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC with or without HPV infection. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2163-2180. [PMID: 34017381 PMCID: PMC8129356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are the sixth most common cancer type in the world. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an emerging risk factor for HNSCC. Immune infiltration of HNSCC is linked to therapeutic results. This article aimed to decide whether variations in HPV status affect immune infiltration, molecular mechanism, and how these results vary in HNSCC patients. We investigated the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune-related gene differences between HPV (+) and HPV (-) HNSCC. The gene expression quantification data of HNSCC and their clinical information were download from the TCGA database. Immune-related genes have been linked to the ImmPort platform. After analyzed of 22 TIICs in the HNSCC tumor environment by CIBERSORT and further assessment, lower memory B cell and higher T cell regulatory were connected with better HPV (-) HNSCC outcome, higher activated memory CD4 T cell, higher T cell regulatory, and lower activated NK cell were linked with better HPV (+) result. We finally got five forms of immune genes (CAMP, EDNRB, NTS, CXCL9, LHB) associated with HNSCC progression. Higher expressions of CAMP, EDNRB, and NTS were associated with increased overall survival in HPV (-) patients. Higher expression of CXCL9 and lower expression of LHB contributed to increased overall survival of HPV (+) patients. There tend to be discrepancies in the cell structure of TIICs and immune-related genes in HPV (-) and HPV (+) HNSCC. These variances are typically too crucial for the therapeutic outcome of the patient and the development of the tumor. In specific, our sample established these candidate immune cells and immune-related genes as candidate reservoirs for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Junxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
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31
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Xie MZ, Tang YP, Hu BL, Li KZ, Li JL, Liang XQ. Percentage of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Peripheral Blood Is Associated with Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927464. [PMID: 33500378 PMCID: PMC7849206 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells are important for the prognosis of multiple cancers, but their prognostic value remains to be evaluated in patients with gastric cancer. Thus, this retrospective study was conducted at a single center to investigate the association between percentage of NK cells in the peripheral blood and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Material/Methods The data of 180 gastric cancer patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to screen candidate prognostic factors. A time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to evaluate the ability of NK cells as a prognostic marker. Furthermore, we determined the correlation between the NK cells percentage and other parameters and their clinical significance. Results Patients with a higher percentage of NK cells survived longer than those with a lower percentage of NK cells. Cox analysis revealed that NK cells could be used as an independent indicator for patients with gastric cancer. The percentage of NK cells was positively correlated with lymphocyte count and albumin, but was negatively correlated with CA125 and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. The area under the curve for NK cells in predicting the 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer was 0.792. This increased to 0.830 upon combining NK cells with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Patients at early T, N, and clinical stages possessed a significantly higher percentage of NK cells compared to those at advanced T, N, and clinical stages of gastric cancer. Conclusions Our results suggest that a higher percentage of NK cells predicts is associated with longer survival of gastric cancer patients and could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Xie
- Department of Chemotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Ping Tang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ke-Zhi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ji-Lin Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Qiang Liang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Immune Cell Landscape in Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1930706. [PMID: 33575321 PMCID: PMC7857889 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1930706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. Methods We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t-test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients' clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. Results In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients' prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients' gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. Conclusion The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.
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Li W, Li M, Wang H, Peng Y, Dong S, Lu Y, Wang F, Xu F, Liu L, Zhao Q. Infiltrating Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: A Novel Predicting Model for Prognosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:965-975. [PMID: 33442396 PMCID: PMC7797666 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Immune cells infiltrating has been proved to be associated with prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) by studies. This study aims to explore the prognosis value of infiltrating immune cells in gastric cancer. Methods: In our study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the fraction of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in 100 normal and 300 tumor samples from the GEO cohort and 30 normal and 344 tumor samples from the TCGA cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct an immune risk score model. Multivariate cox regression was also used to validate whether our risk score model could predict prognosis in GC independently. Furthermore, the model was validated in different patient subgroups to test its independence. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the fraction of 3 immune cells increased in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues in both the GEO and TCGA cohort. Univariate cox regression analysis showed four cells significantly correlated with survival rate in GC (P<0.05). The immune risk score model was constructed based on the four cells through multivariate cox regression and further validated. The KM survival curve suggested that patients with high risk had poor prognosis than patients with low risk (P<0.05). ROC curve indicated the model was reliable (AUC= 0.67 in the GEO cohort, AUC = 0.65 in the TCGA cohort). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression showed the model was an independent factor for overall survival predicting in GC (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.63~3.40 in the GEO cohort, HR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.94~4.25 in the TCGA cohort). Finally, we validated the model in patient subgroups by the KM survival curve. Conclusion: In summary, tumor-infiltrating immune cells play an essential role in GC progression and affect the outcome of GC patients. The immune risk score can predict overall survival for GC independently, and high immune risk score is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouquan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Ferretti E, Carlomagno S, Pesce S, Muccio L, Obino V, Greppi M, Solari A, Setti C, Marcenaro E, Della Chiesa M, Sivori S. Role of the Main Non HLA-Specific Activating NK Receptors in Pancreatic, Colorectal and Gastric Tumors Surveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3705. [PMID: 33321719 PMCID: PMC7763095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cells can control tumor growth and metastatic spread thanks to their powerful cytolytic activity which relies on the expression of an array of activating receptors. Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKG2D and DNAM-1 are those non-HLA-specific activating NK receptors that are mainly involved in sensing tumor transformation by the recognition of different ligands, often stress-induced molecules, on the surface of cancer cells. Tumors display several mechanisms aimed at dampening/evading NK-mediated responses, a relevant fraction of which is based on the downregulation of the expression of activating receptors and/or their ligands. In this review, we summarize the role of the main non-HLA-specific activating NK receptors, NCRs, NKG2D and DNAM-1, in controlling tumor growth and metastatic spread in solid malignancies affecting the gastrointestinal tract with high incidence in the world population, i.e., pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and gastric cancer (GC), also describing the phenotypic and functional alterations induced on NK cells by their tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferretti
- Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Letizia Muccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Valentina Obino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Greppi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Agnese Solari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Setti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.M.); (V.O.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES) and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES) and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Sivori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES) and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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35
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Yao X, Ajani JA, Song S. Molecular biology and immunology of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:57. [PMID: 33073052 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases occur in 55-60% of patients with gastric cancer (GC) and are associated with a 2% 5-year overall survival rate. There are limited treatment options for these patients, and no targeted therapy or immunotherapy is available. Rational therapeutic targets remain to be found. In this review, we present the published literature and our own recent experience in molecular biology to identify important molecules and signaling pathways as well as cellular immunity involved in the peritoneal metastasis of GC. We also suggest potential novel strategies for improving the outcomes of GC patients with peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Babu KS, Pinheiro PF, Marques CF, Justino GC, Andrade SM, Alves MM. Flexible ZnO-mAb nanoplatforms for selective peripheral blood mononuclear cell immobilization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15018. [PMID: 32929172 PMCID: PMC7490409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide. This devastating disease requires specific, fast, and affordable solutions to mitigate and reverse this trend. A step towards cancer-fighting lies in the isolation of natural killer (NK) cells, a set of innate immune cells, that can either be used as biomarkers of tumorigenesis or, after autologous transplantation, to fight aggressive metastatic cells. In order to specifically isolate NK cells (which express the surface NKp30 receptor) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a ZnO immunoaffinity-based platform was developed by electrodeposition of the metal oxide on a flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The resulting crystalline and well-aligned ZnO nanorods (NRs) proved their efficiency in immobilizing monoclonal anti-human NKp30 antibodies (mAb), obviating the need for additional procedures for mAb immobilization. The presence of NK cells on the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) fraction was evaluated by the response to their natural ligand (B7-H6) using an acridine orange (AO)-based assay. The successful selection of NK cells from PBMCs by our nanoplatform was assessed by the photoluminescent properties of AO. This easy and straightforward ZnO-mAb nanoplatform paves the way for the design of biosensors for clinic diagnosis, and, due to its inherent biocompatibility, for the initial selection of NK cells for autotransplantation immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sowri Babu
- Division of Physics, Dept. Of Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed To Be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, AP, 522213, India
| | - Pedro F Pinheiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo C Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Suzana M Andrade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marta M Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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37
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Chen J, Liu X, Zeng Z, Li J, Luo Y, Sun W, Gong Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xie C. Immunomodulation of NK Cells by Ionizing Radiation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:874. [PMID: 32612950 PMCID: PMC7308459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the antitumor immunity. Ionizing radiation (IR) has a pronounced effect on modifying NK cell biology, while the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we briefly introduce the anti-tumor activity of NK cells and summarize the impact of IR on NK cells both directly and indirectly. On one hand, low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) activates NK functions while high-dose ionizing radiation (HDIR) is likely to partially impair NK functions, which can be reversed by interleukin (IL)-2 pretreatment. On the other hand, NK functions may be adjusted by other immune cells and the alternated malignant cell immunogenicity under the settings of IR. Various immune cells, such as the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), dendritic cell (DC), regulatory T cell (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), and tumor exhibited ligands, such as the natural killer group 2 member D ligand (NKG2DL), natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) ligand, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor (TRAIL-R), and FAS, have been involved in this process. Better understanding the molecular basis is a promising way in which to augment NK-cell-based antitumor immunity in combination with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Li XT, Jing M, Cai FY, Yao XM, Kong L, Wang XB. Enhanced antitumour efficiency of R 8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes in treatment of gastric cancer via inhibiting tumour metastasis. J Liposome Res 2020; 31:145-157. [PMID: 32223361 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1748647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and death, and chemotherapy efficiency for gastric cancer patients is usually unsatisfactory due to tumour cell metastasis, poor targeting and serious adverse reactions. In this study, a kind of R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes was prepared to enhance the antitumor efficiency via killing tumour cells, destroying tumour metastasis and inhibiting energy supply for tumour cells. In order to investigate the antitumour efficiency of the targeting liposomes, morphology observation, intracellular uptake, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition on tumour metastasis and energy supply were carried out in vitro, and tumour-bearing mice models were established to investigate the antitumour efficiency in vivo. In vitro results showed that R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes with ideal physicochemical properties could kill the most tumour cells, inhibit tumour metastasis and cut-off energy supply for tumour cells. In vivo results exhibited that R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could enhance the accumulation in tumour site and display an obvious antitumor efficiency. Therefore, R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes could be used as a potential therapy for treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Fu-Yi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Min Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, China
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39
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Abstract
Advances in academic and clinical studies during the last several years have resulted in practical outcomes in adoptive immune therapy of cancer. Immune cells can be programmed with molecular modules that increase their therapeutic potency and specificity. It has become obvious that successful immunotherapy must take into account the full complexity of the immune system and, when possible, include the use of multifactor cell reprogramming that allows fast adjustment during the treatment. Today, practically all immune cells can be stably or transiently reprogrammed against cancer. Here, we review works related to T cell reprogramming, as the most developed field in immunotherapy. We discuss factors that determine the specific roles of αβ and γδ T cells in the immune system and the structure and function of T cell receptors in relation to other structures involved in T cell target recognition and immune response. We also discuss the aspects of T cell engineering, specifically the construction of synthetic T cell receptors (synTCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and the use of engineered T cells in integrative multifactor therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Hosseini SH, Sharafkandi N, Seyfizadeh N, Hemmatzadeh M, Marofi F, Shomali N, Karimi M, Mohammadi H. Progression or suppression: Two sides of the innate lymphoid cells in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2739-2755. [PMID: 31680296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as key players in innate immunity have been shown to be significantly associated with inflammation, lymphoid neogenesis, tissue remodeling, mucosal immunity and lately have been considered a remarkable nominee for either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting functions. This dual role of ILCs, which is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors like plasticity of ILCs and the tumor microenvironment, respectively, has aroused interest in ILCs subsets in past decade. So far, numerous studies in the cancer field have revealed ILCs to be key players in the initiation, progression and inhibition of tumors, therefore providing valuable insights into therapeutic approaches to utilize the immune system against cancer. Herein, the most recent achievements regarding ILCs subsets including new classifications, their transcription factors, markers, cytokine release and mechanisms that led to either progression or inhibition of many tumors have been evaluated. Additionally, the available data regarding ILCs in most prevalent cancers and new therapeutic approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haleh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Zhang W, Okimura T, Oda T, Jin JO. Ascophyllan Induces Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Mice In Vivo and In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E197. [PMID: 30925723 PMCID: PMC6521296 DOI: 10.3390/md17040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural marine polysaccharides have demonstrated immune stimulatory effects in both mice and humans. Our previous study compared the ability of ascophyllan and fucoidan to activate human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we further examined the effect of ascophyllan on the activation of mouse natural killer (NK) cells in vivo and in vitro and compared it to that of fucoidan, a well-studied natural marine polysaccharide. Specifically, administration of ascophyllan to C57BL/6 mice increased the number of NK cells in the spleen when compared to the number in PBS-treated mice. Moreover, the number of IFN-γ-producing NK cells and expression of CD69 were markedly upregulated by ascophyllan treatment. Ascophyllan treatment also induced IFN-γ production and CD69 upregulation in isolated NK cells, but did not promote cell proliferation. Finally, ascophyllan treatment increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells against Yac-1 cells. The effects of ascophyllan on NK cell activation were considerably stronger than those of fucoidan. These data demonstrated that ascophyllan promotes NK cell activation both in mice and in vitro, and its stimulatory effect on NK cells is stronger than that of fucoidan.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Ascophyllum/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-8608, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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