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Summers BS, Thomas Broome S, Pang TWR, Mundell HD, Koh Belic N, Tom NC, Ng ML, Yap M, Sen MK, Sedaghat S, Weible MW, Castorina A, Lim CK, Lovelace MD, Brew BJ. A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241248287. [PMID: 38757094 PMCID: PMC11097742 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241248287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body's ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sebastian Summers
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomas Broome
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hamish D Mundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi Koh Belic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole C Tom
- Formerly of the Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maylin Yap
- Formerly of the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Sedaghat
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael W Weible
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ebrahimi F, Pirouzmand F, Cosme Pecho RD, Alwan M, Yassen Mohamed M, Ali MS, Hormozi A, Hasanzadeh S, Daei N, Hajimortezayi Z, Zamani M. Application of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine: A new approach in modern medical science. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3374. [PMID: 37454344 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic and multipotent stem cells, which have been considered in regenerative medicine. These cells are easily separated from different sources, such as bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (AT), and etc. MSCs have the differentiation capability into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes; This differentiation potential along with the paracrine properties have made them a key choice for tissue repair. MSCs also have various advantages over other stem cells, which is why they have been extensively studied in recent years. The effectiveness of MSCs-based therapies depend on several factors, including differentiation status at the time of use, concentration per injection, delivery method, the used vehicle, and the nature and extent of the damage. Although, MSCs have emerged promising sources for regenerative medicine, there are potential risks regarding their safety in their clinical use, including tumorigenesis, lack of availability, aging, and sensitivity to toxic environments. In this study, we aimed to discuss how MSCs may be useful in treating defects and diseases. To this aim, we will review recent advances of MSCs action mechanisms in regenerative medicine, as well as the most recent clinical trials. We will also have a brief overview of MSCs resources, differences between their sources, culture conditions, extraction methods, and clinical application of MSCs in various fields of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ebrahimi
- Medical Laboratory, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Pirouzmand
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Mariam Alwan
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Arezoo Hormozi
- Medical Laboratory, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Hasanzadeh
- Medical Laboratory, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Narges Daei
- Medical Laboratory, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimortezayi
- Medical Laboratory, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mills SJ, Kirby GT, Hofma BR, Smith LE, Statham P, Vaes B, Ting AE, Short R, Cowin AJ. Delivery of multipotent adult progenitor cells via a functionalized plasma polymerized surface accelerates healing of murine diabetic wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1213021. [PMID: 37675407 PMCID: PMC10477914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1213021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cell therapies have been investigated as potential treatment modalities for chronic wounds however there has been limited success to date. Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs©) have been identified as having potential as an allogenic stem cell product due to their high population doubling number and their characteristic dampening of T-cell proliferation. This helps to prevent autoimmunity and graft/cell rejection. Methods: We have developed a dressing, consisting of medical grade silicone coated with a heptylamine plasma polymer, which supports the growth and transfer of MAPCs to skin. To determine if the dressing can deliver functional stem cells into diabetic wounds, they were loaded with MAPCs and then placed over excisional wounds in both normal and diabetic mice. Results and discussion: Accelerated healing was observed in both the normal and diabetic wounds with wound gape being significantly smaller at day 3 when compared to controls. Wound analysis showed that treatment with the MAPC dressings dampened the inflammatory response with reduced numbers of neutrophils and macrophages observed. Additionally, an increase in pro-angiogenic VEGF and CD31 positive endothelial cells was observed indicating improved new blood vessel formation. The MAPC dressings had no effect on fibrosis with collagen I and III being equally affected in both control and treated wounds. Overall, the functionalized MAPC dressings improve healing responses particularly in diabetic mice with impaired healing responses and therefore, show potential for development as an advanced therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Mills
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G. T. Kirby
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B. R. Hofma
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L. E. Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P. Statham
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B. Vaes
- ReGenesys BV, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. E. Ting
- Athersys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - R. Short
- Material Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - A. J. Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Nykänen AI, Liu M, Keshavjee S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Lung Transplantation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:728. [PMID: 37370659 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is often the only viable treatment option for a patient with end-stage lung disease. Lung transplant results have improved substantially over time, but ischemia-reperfusion injury, primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) continue to be significant problems. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells that have anti-inflammatory and protective paracrine effects and may be beneficial in solid organ transplantation. Here, we review the experimental studies where MSCs have been used to protect the donor lung against ischemia-reperfusion injury and alloimmune responses, as well as the experimental and clinical studies using MSCs to prevent or treat CLAD. In addition, we outline ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) as an optimal platform for donor lung MSC delivery, as well as how the therapeutic potential of MSCs could be further leveraged with genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti I Nykänen
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Akalay S, Hosgood SA. How to Best Protect Kidneys for Transplantation-Mechanistic Target. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051787. [PMID: 36902572 PMCID: PMC10003664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of patients on the kidney transplant waiting list underlines the need to expand the donor pool and improve kidney graft utilization. By protecting kidney grafts adequately from the initial ischemic and subsequent reperfusion injury occurring during transplantation, both the number and quality of kidney grafts could be improved. The last few years have seen the emergence of many new technologies to abrogate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, including dynamic organ preservation through machine perfusion and organ reconditioning therapies. Although machine perfusion is gradually making the transition to clinical practice, reconditioning therapies have not yet progressed from the experimental setting, pointing towards a translational gap. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the biological processes implicated in I/R injury and explore the strategies and interventions that are being proposed to either prevent I/R injury, treat its deleterious consequences, or support the reparative response of the kidney. Prospects to improve the clinical translation of these therapies are discussed with a particular focus on the need to address multiple aspects of I/R injury to achieve robust and long-lasting protective effects on the kidney graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akalay
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah A. Hosgood
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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Wuttisarnwattana P, Eid S, Wilson DL, Cooke KR. Assessment of therapeutic role of mesenchymal stromal cells in mouse models of graft-versus-host disease using cryo-imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1698. [PMID: 36717650 PMCID: PMC9886911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights regarding the biodistribution and homing of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), as well as their interaction with alloreactive T-cells are critical for understanding how MSCs can regulate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic (allo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We developed novel assays based on 3D, microscopic, cryo-imaging of whole-mouse-sized volumes to assess the therapeutic potential of human MSCs using an established mouse GVHD model. Following infusion, we quantitatively tracked fluorescently labeled, donor-derived, T-cells and third party MSCs in BMT recipients using multispectral cryo-imaging. Specific MSC homing sites were identified in the marginal zones in the spleen and the lymph nodes, where we believe MSC immunomodulation takes place. The number of MSCs found in spleen of the allo BMT recipients was about 200% more than that observed in the syngeneic group. To more carefully define the effects MSCs had on T cell activation and expansion, we developed novel T-cell proliferation assays including secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) enlargement and Carboxyfluoescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution. As anticipated, significant SLO volume enlargement and CFSE dilution was observed in allo but not syn BMT recipients due to rapid proliferation and expansion of labeled T-cells. MSC treatment markedly attenuated CFSE dilution and volume enlargement of SLO. These assays confirm evidence of potent, in vivo, immunomodulatory properties of MSC following allo BMT. Our innovative platform includes novel methods for tracking cells of interest as well as assessing therapeutic function of MSCs during GVHD induction. Our results support the use of MSCs treatment or prevention of GVHD and illuminate the wider adoption of MSCs as a standard medicinal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Optimization Theory and Applications for Engineering Systems Research Group, Department of Computer Engineering, Excellence Center in Infrastructure Technology and Transportation Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bone Laser Patterning to Decipher Cell Organization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020155. [PMID: 36829649 PMCID: PMC9952379 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The laser patterning of implant materials for bone tissue engineering purposes has proven to be a promising technique for controlling cell properties such as adhesion or differentiation, resulting in enhanced osteointegration. However, the possibility of patterning the bone tissue side interface to generate microstructure effects has never been investigated. In the present study, three different laser-generated patterns were machined on the bone surface with the aim of identifying the best surface morphology compatible with osteogenic-related cell recolonization. The laser-patterned bone tissue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the bone surface morphology. The cortical bone patterning impact on cell compatibility and cytoskeleton rearrangement on the patterned surfaces was assessed using Stromal Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs). The results indicated that laser machining had no detrimental effect on consecutively seeded cell metabolism. Orientation assays revealed that patterns with larger hatch distances were correlated with higher cell cytoskeletal conformation to the laser-machined patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to consider and evaluate bone as a biological interface that can be engineered for improvement. Further investigations should focus on the in vivo implications of this direct patterning.
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Molecular Features of the Mesenchymal and Osteoblastic Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415448. [PMID: 36555090 PMCID: PMC9779562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a monoclonal gammopathy characterized by biological heterogeneity and unregulated proliferation of plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM is a multistep process based on genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation and a tight cross-talk with the BM microenvironment that plays a pivotal role supporting the proliferation, survival, drug-resistance and homing of PCs. The BM microenvironment consists of a hematopoietic and a non-hematopoietic compartment, which cooperate to create a tumor environment. Among the non-hematopoietic component, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) appear transcriptionally and functionally different in MM patients compared to healthy donors (HDs) and to patients with pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathies. Alterations of both MSCs and OBs underly the osteolytic lesions that characterize myeloma-associated bone disease. In this review, we will discuss the different characteristics of MSCs and OBs in MM patients, analyzing the transcriptome, the deregulated molecular pathways and the role performed by miRNAs and exosome in the pathophysiology of MM.
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Luijmes SH, Verstegen MMA, Hoogduijn MJ, Seghers L, Minnee RC, Mahtab EAF, Taverne YJHJ, Reinders MEJ, van der Laan LJW, de Jonge J. The current status of stem cell-based therapies during ex vivo graft perfusion: An integrated review of four organs. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2723-2739. [PMID: 35896477 PMCID: PMC10087443 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of extended criteria donor grafts is a promising strategy to increase the number of organ transplantations and reduce waitlist mortality. However, these organs are often compromised and/or damaged, are more susceptible to preservation injury, and are at risk for developing post-transplant complications. Ex vivo organ perfusion is a novel technology to preserve donor organs while providing oxygen and nutrients at distinct perfusion temperatures. This preservation method allows to resuscitate grafts and optimize function with therapeutic interventions prior to solid organ transplantation. Stem cell-based therapies are increasingly explored for their ability to promote regeneration and reduce the inflammatory response associated with in vivo reperfusion. The aim of this review is to describe the current state of stem cell-based therapies during ex vivo organ perfusion for the kidney, liver, lung, and heart. We discuss different strategies, including type of cells, route of administration, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety. The progress made within lung transplantation justifies the initiation of clinical trials, whereas more research is likely required for the kidney, liver, and heart to progress into clinical application. We emphasize the need for standardization of methodology to increase comparability between future (clinical) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Luijmes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Seghers
- Department of Pulmonology, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Minnee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edris A F Mahtab
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Xue E, Minniti A, Alexander T, Del Papa N, Greco R. Cellular-Based Therapies in Systemic Sclerosis: From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant to Innovative Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:3346. [PMID: 36359742 PMCID: PMC9658618 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease characterized by autoimmune responses, vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis. The pathogenic mechanisms involve a wide range of cells and soluble factors. The complexity of interactions leads to heterogeneous clinical features in terms of the extent, severity, and rate of progression of skin fibrosis and internal organ involvement. Available disease-modifying drugs have only modest effects on halting disease progression and may be associated with significant side effects. Therefore, cellular therapies have been developed aiming at the restoration of immunologic self-tolerance in order to provide durable remissions or to foster tissue regeneration. Currently, SSc is recommended as the 'standard indication' for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. This review provides an overview on cellular therapies in SSc, from pre-clinical models to clinical applications, opening towards more advanced cellular therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells, regulatory T cells and potentially CAR-T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Xue
- Hematopoietic and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Minniti
- Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Raffaella Greco
- Hematopoietic and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Kingsak M, Maturavongsadit P, Jiang H, Wang Q. Cellular responses to nanoscale substrate topography of TiO 2 nanotube arrays: cell morphology and adhesion. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:221-233. [PMID: 36654780 PMCID: PMC9840087 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographical features can be beneficial in augmenting cell functions and increasing osteogenic potential. However, the relationships between surface topographies and biological responses are difficult to establish due to the difficulty in controlling the surface topographical features at a low-nanometre scale. Herein, we report the fabrication of well-defined controllable titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays with a wide range of pore sizes, 30-175 nm in diameter, and use of the electrochemical anodization method to assess the effect of surface nanotopographies on cell morphology and adhesion. The results show that TiO2 nanotube arrays with pore sizes of 30 and 80 nm allowed for cell spreading of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with increased cell area coverage. Additionally, cell adhesion was significantly enhanced by controlled nanotopographies of TiO2 nanotube arrays with 80 nm pore size. Our results demonstrate that surface modification at the nano-scale level with size tunability under controlled chemical/physical properties and culture conditions can greatly impact cell responses. These findings point to a new direction of material design for bone-tissue engineering in orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monchupa Kingsak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Computer Science, Physics, and Engineering Department, Benedict College, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Corresponding author: Qian Wang,
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12
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Klein L, Ophelders DR, van den Hove D, Damoiseaux M, Rutten BP, Reutelingsperger CP, Schurgers LJ, Wolfs TG. Prenatal administration of multipotent adult progenitor cells modulates the systemic and cerebral immune response in an ovine model of chorioamnionitis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 23:100458. [PMID: 35647567 PMCID: PMC9136278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and cerebral inflammation following antenatal infection (e.g. chorioamnionitis) and dysregulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) are major risk factors for abnormal neonatal brain development. Administration of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) represents an interesting pharmacological strategy as modulator of the peripheral and cerebral immune response and protector of BBB integrity. We studied the immunomodulatory and protective cerebrovascular potential of prenatally administered MAPCs in a preclinical ovine model for antenatal inflammation. Ovine fetuses were intra-amniotically (i.a.) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline at gestational day 125, followed by the intravenous administration of 1*107 MAPCs or saline at gestational day 127. Circulating inflammation markers were measured. Fetal brains were examined immuno-histochemically post-mortem at gestational day 132. Fetal plasma IL-6 levels were elevated significantly 24 h after LPS administration. In utero systemic MAPC treatment after LPS exposure increased Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression in the cerebrovascular endothelium, indicating enforcement of BBB integrity, and increased the number of leukocytes at brain barriers throughout the brain. Further characterisation of brain barrier-associated leukocytes showed that monocyte/choroid plexus macrophage (IBA-1+/CD206+) and neutrophil (MPO+) populations predominantly contributed to the LPS-MAPC-induced increase of CD45+cells. In the choroid plexus, the percentage of leukocytes expressing the proresolving mediator ANXA1 tended to be decreased after LPS-induced antenatal inflammation, an effect reversed by systemic MAPC treatment. Accordingly, expression levels of ANXA1 per leukocyte were decreased after LPS and restored after subsequent MAPC treatment. Increased expression of ANXA1 by the cerebrovasculature and immune cells at brain barriers following MAPC treatment in an infectious setting indicate a MAPC driven early defence mechanism to protect the neonatal brain against infection-driven inflammation and potential additional pro-inflammatory insults in the neonatal period. MAPCs administered systemically enhance the brain directed immune response in an inflammation dependent manner in preterm fetuses. Annexin A1 expression is increased in cerebrovasculature and immune cells at brain barriers when MAPCs were i.v. administered in the infectious setting. MAPCs potentially protect the neonatal brain by enforcing the blood brain barrier and modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Klein
- School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daan R.M.G. Ophelders
- School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Damoiseaux
- School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P.F. Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris P.M. Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G.A.M. Wolfs
- School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Gorman E, Shankar-Hari M, Hopkins P, Tunnicliffe WS, Perkins GD, Silversides J, McGuigan P, Jackson C, Boyle R, McFerran J, McDowell C, Campbell C, McFarland M, Smythe J, Thompson J, Williams B, Curley G, Laffey JG, Clarke M, McAuley DF, O’Kane C. Repair of acute respiratory distress syndrome by stromal cell administration (REALIST): a structured study protocol for an open-label dose-escalation phase 1 trial followed by a randomised, triple-blind, allocation concealed, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Trials 2022; 23:401. [PMID: 35562778 PMCID: PMC9099345 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may be of benefit in ARDS due to immunomodulatory and reparative properties. This trial investigates a novel CD362 enriched umbilical cord derived MSC product (REALIST ORBCEL-C), produced to Good Manufacturing Practice standards, in patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19 and ARDS due to other causes. METHODS Phase 1 is a multicentre open-label dose-escalation pilot trial. Patients will receive a single infusion of REALIST ORBCEL-C (100 × 106 cells, 200 × 106 cells or 400 × 106 cells) in a 3 + 3 design. Phase 2 is a multicentre randomised, triple blind, allocation concealed placebo-controlled trial. Two cohorts of patients, with ARDS due to COVID-19 or ARDS due to other causes, will be recruited and randomised 1:1 to receive either a single infusion of REALIST ORBCEL-C (400 × 106 cells or maximal tolerated dose in phase 1) or placebo. Planned recruitment to each cohort is 60 patients. The primary safety outcome is the incidence of serious adverse events. The primary efficacy outcome is oxygenation index at day 7. The trial will be reported according to the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT 2010) statement. DISCUSSION The development and manufacture of an advanced therapy medicinal product to Good Manufacturing Practice standards within NHS infrastructure are discussed, including challenges encountered during the early stages of trial set up. The rationale to include a separate cohort of patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 in phase 2 of the trial is outlined. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03042143. Registered on 3 February 2017. EudraCT Number 2017-000584-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gorman
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phil Hopkins
- Kings Trauma Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin D. Perkins
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Silversides
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter McGuigan
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Roisin Boyle
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Margaret McFarland
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Jon Smythe
- NHS Blood and Transplant Service, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Barry Williams
- Independent Patient and Public Representative, Sherborne, UK
| | - Gerard Curley
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John G. Laffey
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mike Clarke
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia O’Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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14
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Lymphatic Tissue Bioengineering for the Treatment of Postsurgical Lymphedema. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040162. [PMID: 35447722 PMCID: PMC9025804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is characterized by progressive and chronic tissue swelling and inflammation from local accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic injury or dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life, and has limited treatment options. With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of lymphedema and advances in tissue engineering technologies, lymphatic tissue bioengineering and regeneration have emerged as a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical lymphedema. Various strategies involving stem cells, lymphangiogenic factors, bioengineered matrices and mechanical stimuli allow more precisely controlled regeneration of lymphatic tissue at the site of lymphedema without subjecting patients to complications or iatrogenic injuries associated with surgeries. This review provides an overview of current innovative approaches of lymphatic tissue bioengineering that represent a promising treatment option for postsurgical lymphedema.
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15
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Moll G, Ankrum JA, Olson SD, Nolta JA. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:2-13. [PMID: 35641163 PMCID: PMC8895495 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapeutics and types of clinical applications have greatly diversified during the past decade, including rapid growth of poorly regulated “Stem Cell Clinics” offering diverse “Unproven Stem Cell Interventions.” This product diversification necessitates a critical evaluation of the reliance on the 2006 MSC minimal criteria to not only define MSC identity but characterize MSC suitability for intravascular administration. While high-quality MSC therapeutics have been safely administered intravascularly in well-controlled clinical trials, repeated case reports of mild-to-more-severe adverse events have been reported. These are most commonly related to thromboembolic complications upon infusion of highly procoagulant tissue factor (TF/CD142)-expressing MSC products. As TF/CD142 expression varies widely depending on the source and manufacturing process of the MSC product, additional clinical cell product characterization and guidelines are needed to ensure the safe use of MSC products. To minimize risk to patients receiving MSC therapy, we here propose to supplement the minimal criteria used for characterization of MSCs, to include criteria that assess the suitability of MSC products for intravascular use. If cell products are intended for intravascular delivery, which is true for half of all clinical applications involving MSCs, the effects of MSC on coagulation and hemocompatibility should be assessed and expression of TF/CD142 should be included as a phenotypic safety marker. This adjunct criterion will ensure both the identity of the MSCs as well as the safety of the MSCs has been vetted prior to intravascular delivery of MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität zu Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author: Guido Moll, PhD, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Director of the Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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16
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Bottomley MJ, Brook MO, Shankar S, Hester J, Issa F. Towards regulatory cellular therapies in solid organ transplantation. Trends Immunol 2021; 43:8-21. [PMID: 34844848 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a modern medical success story. However, since its inception it has been limited by the need for pharmacological immunosuppression. Regulatory cellular therapies offer an attractive solution to these challenges by controlling transplant alloresponses through multiple parallel suppressive mechanisms. A number of cell types have seen an accelerated development into human trials and are now on the threshold of a long-awaited breakthrough in personalized transplant therapeutics. Here we assess recent developments with a focus on the most likely candidates, some of which have already facilitated successful immunosuppression withdrawal in early clinical trials. We propose that this may constitute a promising approach in clinical transplantation but also evaluate outstanding issues in the field, providing cause for cautious optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bottomley
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew O Brook
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sushma Shankar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Norte-Muñoz M, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, García-Bernal D, Valiente-Soriano FJ, de la Villa P, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Neuroprotection and Axonal Regeneration Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on the Type of Transplant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772223. [PMID: 34805178 PMCID: PMC8600074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has not been as successful as expected in some preclinical studies. Because preclinical research is so diverse, it is difficult to know whether the therapeutic outcome is due to the cell type, the type of transplant or the model of disease. Our aim here was to analyze the effect of the type of transplant on neuroprotection and axonal regeneration, so we tested MSCs from the same niche in the same model of neurodegeneration in the three transplantation settings: xenogeneic, syngeneic and allogeneic. For this, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers or C57/BL6 mice were injected into the vitreous body of C57/BL6 mice (xenograft and syngraft) or BALB/c mice (allograft) right after optic nerve axotomy. As controls, vehicle matched groups were done. Retinal anatomy and function were analyzed in vivo by optical coherence tomography and electroretinogram, respectively. Survival of vision forming (Brn3a+) and non-vision forming (melanopsin+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was assessed at 3, 5 and 90 days after the lesion. Regenerative axons were visualized by cholera toxin β anterograde transport. Our data show that grafted BM-MSCs did not integrate in the retina but formed a mesh on top of the ganglion cell layer. The xenotransplant caused retinal edema, detachment and folding, and a significant decrease of functionality compared to the murine transplants. RGC survival and axonal regeneration were significantly higher in the syngrafted retinas than in the other two groups or vehicle controls. Melanopsin+RGCs, but not Brn3a+RGCs, were also neuroprotected by the xenograft. In conclusion, the type of transplant has an impact on the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs affecting not only neuronal survival but also the host tissue response. Our data indicate that syngrafts may be more beneficial than allografts and, interestingly, that the type of neuron that is rescued also plays a significant role in the successfulness of the cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Norte-Muñoz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Biochemistry, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Valiente-Soriano
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Bentley ER, Little SR. Local delivery strategies to restore immune homeostasis in the context of inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113971. [PMID: 34530013 PMCID: PMC8556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by a precise balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Chronic deviations from immune homeostasis, driven by a greater ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can promote the development and propagation of inflammatory diseases/conditions (i.e., autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, etc.). Current methods to treat chronic inflammation rely upon systemic administration of non-specific small molecules, resulting in broad immunosuppression with unwanted side effects. Consequently, recent studies have developed more localized and specific immunomodulatory approaches to treat inflammation through the use of local biomaterial-based delivery systems. In particular, this review focuses on (1) local biomaterial-based delivery systems, (2) common materials used for polymeric-delivery systems and (3) emerging immunomodulatory trends used to treat inflammation with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bentley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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19
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Daradka MH, Bani Ismail ZA, Irsheid MA. Peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study of the effects of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and lateral saphenous vein graft as a conduit in a dog model. Open Vet J 2021; 11:686-694. [PMID: 35070865 PMCID: PMC8770172 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of healing of peripheral nerve injuries remains a common challenge causing pain and poor quality of life for millions of people and animals annually. AIMS The objectives of this study were to evaluate the healing quality of facial nerve injury in a dog model following local treatment using an autologous injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) at the injury site in combination with the application of an autologous saphenous vein graft as a conduit. METHODS 20 apparently healthy adult Mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Dogs in groups 1, 2, and 3 were subjected to facial nerve neurectomy and saphenous vein conduit graft implantation at the site of facial nerve injury. Dogs in groups 2 and 3 received 1 ml of autologous PRP and BM-MSCs, respectively. Injections were administered directly in the vein conduit immediately after nerve injury. Dogs in group 1 (grafted but not treated; control) received only an autologous vein graft, and those in group 4 (normal control) received no graft and no PRP or BM-MSCs treatment. The dogs were monitored daily for 8 weeks after surgery. Clinical evaluation of the facial nerve, including lower eyelid, ear drooping, upper lip, and tongue functions, was carried out once per week using a numerical scoring system of 0-3. At the end of the study period (week 8), the facial nerve injury site was evaluated grossly for the presence of adhesions using a numerical scoring system of 0-3. The facial nerve injury site was histopathologically assessed for the existence of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrous tissue deposition, and axonal injury using H&E-stained tissue sections. RESULTS Clinically, BM-MSCs treated dogs experienced significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the lower eyelid, ear, lip, and tongue functions 4 weeks postoperatively compared to other groups. Grossly, the facial nerve graft site in the BM-MSCs treated group showed significantly (p < 0.05) lesser adhesion scores than the other groups. Histopathologically, there was significantly (p < 0.05) less perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, less collagen deposition, and more normal axons at the facial nerve injury site in the BM-MSCs treated group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION This study showed clinically significant enhancement of nerve regeneration by applying autologous BM-MSCs and autologous vein grafting at the site of facial nerve injury. However, further clinical trials are warranted before this application can be recommended to treat traumatic nerve injuries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa H Daradka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zuhair A Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Irsheid
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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20
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Calcat-i-Cervera S, Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. When Origin Matters: Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Different Sources for Clinical Translation in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728496. [PMID: 34616756 PMCID: PMC8488400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer new prospects to improve the treatment of conditions with unmet medical needs. Kidney diseases are a current major health concern with an increasing global prevalence. Chronic renal failure appears after many years of impairment, which opens a temporary window to apply novel therapeutic approaches to delay or halt disease progression. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have sparked interest for their use in cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, several early-phase clinical trials have been completed and many are ongoing to explore MSC safety and efficacy in a wide range of nephropathies. However, one of the current roadblocks to the clinical translation of MSC therapies relates to the lack of standardization and harmonization of MSC manufacturing protocols, which currently hinders inter-study comparability. Studies have shown that cell culture processing variables can have significant effects on MSC phenotype and functionality, and these are highly variable across laboratories. In addition, heterogeneity within MSC populations is another obstacle. Furthermore, MSCs may be isolated from several sources which adds another variable to the comparative assessment of outcomes. There is now a growing body of literature highlighting unique and distinctive properties of MSCs according to the tissue origin, and that characteristics such as donor, age, sex and underlying medical conditions may alter the therapeutic effect of MSCs. These variables must be taken into consideration when developing a cell therapy product. Having an optimal scale-up strategy for MSC manufacturing is critical for ensuring product quality while minimizing costs and time of production, as well as avoiding potential risks. Ideally, optimal scale-up strategies must be carefully considered and identified during the early stages of development, as making changes later in the bioprocess workflow will require re-optimization and validation, which may have a significant long-term impact on the cost of the therapy. This article provides a summary of important cell culture processing variables to consider in the scale-up of MSC manufacturing as well as giving a comprehensive review of tissue of origin-specific biological characteristics of MSCs and their use in current clinical trials in a range of renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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21
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Carty F, Dunbar H, Hawthorne IJ, Ting AE, Stubblefield SR, Van't Hof W, English K. IFN-γ and PPARδ influence the efficacy and retention of multipotent adult progenitor cells in graft vs host disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1561-1574. [PMID: 34397170 PMCID: PMC8550699 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell‐based therapy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders has focused on the application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). Despite the recent positive findings in industry‐sponsored clinical trials of MSCs and MAPCs for graft vs host disease (GvHD), cell therapy is efficacious in some but not all patients, highlighting the need to identify strategies to enhance cell‐based therapeutic efficacy. Here, we demonstrate the capacity for interferon (IFN)‐γ licensing to enhance human MAPC efficacy and retention following early administration in a humanized mouse model of acute GvHD (aGvHD). Activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ) negatively influenced the retention and efficacy of human MAPCs as well as IFN‐γ‐licensed MAPCs in the aGvHD model. PPARδ antagonism significantly enhanced the efficacy of human MAPCs when administered early in the humanized aGvHD model. COX‐2 expression in human MAPC was significantly decreased in IFN‐γ licensed MAPCs exposed to a PPARδ agonist. Importantly, MAPC exposure to the PPARδ antagonist in the presence of a COX‐2 inhibitor indomethacin before administration significantly reduced the efficacy of PPARδ antagonized MAPCs in the aGvHD humanized mouse model. This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of PPARδ in human MAPC efficacy in vivo and highlights the importance of understanding the disease microenvironment in which cell‐based therapies are to be administered. In particular, the presence of PPARδ ligands may negatively influence MAPC or MSC therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Carty
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Hazel Dunbar
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Ian J Hawthorne
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | | | - Wouter Van't Hof
- Athersys, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen English
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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22
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Metheny L, Eid S, Wuttisarnwattana P, Auletta JJ, Liu C, Van Dervort A, Paez C, Lee Z, Wilson D, Lazarus HM, Deans R, Vant Hof W, Ktena Y, Cooke KR. Human multipotent adult progenitor cells effectively reduce graft-vs-host disease while preserving graft-vs-leukemia activity. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1506-1519. [PMID: 34255899 PMCID: PMC8596993 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Graft‐vs‐host disease (GvHD) limits successful outcomes following allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT). We examined whether the administration of human, bone marrow‐derived, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs™) could regulate experimental GvHD. The immunoregulatory capacity of MAPC cells was evaluated in vivo using established murine GvHD models. Injection of MAPC cells on day +1 (D1) and +4 (D4) significantly reduced T‐cell expansion and the numbers of donor‐derived, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) and Interferon Gamma (IFNγ)‐producing, CD4+ and CD8+ cells by D10 compared with untreated controls. These findings were associated with reductions in serum levels of TNFα and IFNγ, intestinal and hepatic inflammation and systemic GvHD as measured by survival and clinical score. Biodistribution studies showed that MAPC cells tracked from the lung and to the liver, spleen, and mesenteric nodes within 24 hours after injection. MAPC cells inhibited mouse T‐cell proliferation in vitro and this effect was associated with reduced T‐cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion and robust increases in the concentrations of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ). Indomethacin and E‐prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor antagonism both reversed while EP2 agonism restored MAPC cell‐mediated in vitro T‐cell suppression, confirming the role for PGE2. Furthermore, cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition following allo‐BMT abrogated the protective effects of MAPC cells. Importantly, MAPC cells had no effect on the generation cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vitro, and the administration of MAPC cells in the setting of leukemic challenge resulted in superior leukemia‐free survival. Collectively, these data provide valuable information regarding the biodistribution and regulatory capacity of MAPC cells, which may inform future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Metheny
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Department of Computer EngineeringChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Jeffery J. Auletta
- Host Defense Program, Hematology, Oncology, and Infectious DiseasesNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Alana Van Dervort
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Conner Paez
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - ZhengHong Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | | | - Yiouli Ktena
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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23
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Multipotent adult progenitor cells induce regulatory T cells and promote their suppressive phenotype via TGFβ and monocyte-dependent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13549. [PMID: 34193955 PMCID: PMC8245558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system can initiate chronic inflammatory responses that exacerbate disease pathology. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC cells), an adult adherent bone-marrow derived stromal cell, have been observed to promote the resolution of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in a variety of clinical conditions including acute ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), graft vs host disease (GvHD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One of the proposed mechanisms by which MAPC cells modulate immune responses is via the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), however, the mechanism(s) involved remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that, in an in vitro setting, MAPC cells increase Treg frequencies by promoting Treg proliferation and CD4+ T cell differentiation into Tregs. Moreover, MAPC cell-induced Tregs (miTregs) have a more suppressive phenotype characterized by increased expression of CTLA-4, HLA-DR, and PD-L1 and T cell suppression capacity. MAPC cells also promoted Treg activation by inducing CD45RA+ CD45RO+ transitional Tregs. Additionally, we identify transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) as an essential factor for Treg induction secreted by MAPC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) resulted in decreased Treg induction by MAPC cells demonstrating IDO involvement. Our studies also show that CD14+ monocytes play a critical role in Treg induction by MAPC cells. Our study describes MAPC cell dependent Treg phenotypic changes and provides evidence of potential mechanisms by which MAPC cells promote Treg differentiation.
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24
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Commercial Bone Grafts Claimed as an Alternative to Autografts: Current Trends for Clinical Applications in Orthopaedics. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123290. [PMID: 34198691 PMCID: PMC8232314 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, due to an increasing medical and market demand for orthopaedic implants, several grafting options have been developed. However, when alternative bone augmentation materials mimicking autografts are searched on the market, commercially available products may be grouped into three main categories: cellular bone matrices, growth factor enhanced bone grafts, and peptide enhanced xeno-hybrid bone grafts. Firstly, to obtain data for this review, the search engines Google and Bing were employed to acquire information from reports or website portfolios of important competitors in the global bone graft market. Secondly, bibliographic databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were also employed to analyse data from preclinical/clinical studies performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of each product released on the market. Here, we discuss several products in terms of osteogenic/osteoinductive/osteoconductive properties, safety, efficacy, and side effects, as well as regulatory issues and costs. Although both positive and negative results were reported in clinical applications for each class of products, to date, peptide enhanced xeno-hybrid bone grafts may represent the best choice in terms of risk/benefit ratio. Nevertheless, more prospective and controlled studies are needed before approval for routine clinical use.
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25
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Infertility Cytotherapy: A Retrospective Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8882368. [PMID: 34054970 PMCID: PMC8143877 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8882368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global reproductive disorder which is caused by a variety of complex diseases. Infertility affects the individual, family, and community through physical, psychological, social and economic consequences. The results from recent preclinical studies regarding stem cell-based therapies are promising. Stem cell-based therapies cast a new hope for infertility treatment as a replacement or regeneration strategy. The main features and application prospects of mesenchymal stem cells in the future of infertility should be understood by clinicians. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with abundant source, active proliferation, and multidirectional differentiation potential. MSCs play a role through cell homing, secretion of active factors, and participation in immune regulation. Another advantage is that, compared with embryonic stem cells, there are fewer ethical factors involved in the application of MSCs. However, a number of questions remain to be answered prior to safe and effective clinical application. In this review, we summarized the recent status of MSCs in the application of the diseases related to or may cause to infertility and suggest a possible direction for future cytotherapy to infertility.
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26
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Steichen C, Erpicum P. Combining cell-based therapy and normothermic machine perfusion for kidney graft conditioning has gone one step further. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1359-1360. [PMID: 32786132 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082 - IRTOMIT, Poitiers, France.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pauline Erpicum
- Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liege (ULiège CHU), Liege, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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27
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García-Bernal D, García-Arranz M, Yáñez RM, Hervás-Salcedo R, Cortés A, Fernández-García M, Hernando-Rodríguez M, Quintana-Bustamante Ó, Bueren JA, García-Olmo D, Moraleda JM, Segovia JC, Zapata AG. The Current Status of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Controversies, Unresolved Issues and Some Promising Solutions to Improve Their Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650664. [PMID: 33796536 PMCID: PMC8007911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) currently constitute the most frequently used cell type in advanced therapies with different purposes, most of which are related with inflammatory processes. Although the therapeutic efficacy of these cells has been clearly demonstrated in different disease animal models and in numerous human phase I/II clinical trials, only very few phase III trials using MSCs have demonstrated the expected potential therapeutic benefit. On the other hand, diverse controversial issues on the biology and clinical applications of MSCs, including their specific phenotype, the requirement of an inflammatory environment to induce immunosuppression, the relevance of the cell dose and their administration schedule, the cell delivery route (intravascular/systemic vs. local cell delivery), and the selected cell product (i.e., use of autologous vs. allogeneic MSCs, freshly cultured vs. frozen and thawed MSCs, MSCs vs. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, etc.) persist. In the current review article, we have addressed these issues with special emphasis in the new approaches to improve the properties and functional capabilities of MSCs after distinct cell bioengineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Medicine Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Yáñez
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Hervás-Salcedo
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-García
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernando-Rodríguez
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Medicine Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM)), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín G Zapata
- Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Postnatal Pluripotent Cells: Quarter of a Century of Research. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:515-521. [PMID: 33713237 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost quarter of a century long studies aimed at identification, isolation, culturing, and use of postnatal pluripotent cells for the development of cell-based technologies have not met with success and failed to provide reliable and reproducible protocols of cell isolation, identification, and culturing. At the same time, experimental data in this field suggest that postnatal pluripotent cells are not the copies of embryonic cells and, therefore, the tests routinely used for identification of embryonic pluripotent cells are not fully adequate for characterization of their postnatal analogues. Therefore, cell lineage tracing methods showing the differentiation routes of the studied cells in human or animal body after birth should be developed and used.
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29
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Ahangar P, Mills SJ, Smith LE, Strudwick XL, Ting AE, Vaes B, Cowin AJ. Treatment of murine partial thickness scald injuries with multipotent adult progenitor cells decreases inflammation and promotes angiogenesis leading to improved burn injury repair. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:380-392. [PMID: 33655577 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to have potential as a new therapy for burns and promote wound healing through decreasing inflammation and increasing angiogenesis. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC® cells) are a subpopulation of bone marrow-derived stem cells with outstanding self-renewal and differentiation capacity. MAPC cells also secrete a wide range of cytokines which can affect cellular activities. This article aimed to examine the effects of MAPC cells treatment on burn injury repair using a mouse model of partial thickness burn injury. The immunomodulatory effect of MAPC cells was investigated in vitro using a simultaneous T-cell proliferation assay. Partial thickness burns were created on the dorsal surface of mice and MAPC cells were administered via intradermal injection to the wound margins 24 h post-burn injury. The burn tissues were analysed macroscopically to determine wound area and histologically assessed to determine wound width and rate of re-epithelialisation. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were employed to assess cell proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis and collagen deposition in the burn area. MAPC cells inhibit the proliferation of stimulated T cells in culture. Burns intradermally injected with MAPC cells showed a significant reduction in the macroscopic wound area, histologic wound width and had an increased rate of re-epithelialisation. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA analysis of burn tissues showed dampened inflammation evidenced by a reduction in neutrophilic infiltration and modulation of inflammatory cytokines. Angiogenesis within the burn area was also improved in MAPC cell treated mice. However, no significant effect of MAPC cell treatment was observed on extracellular matrix production. Treatment of burns with MAPC cells improved burn injury repair with reduced time to healing, decreased inflammation and increased angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate the promising effects of MAPC cells on burn injury repair and suggest MAPC cells as a candidate source for clinical cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Ahangar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise E Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Bart Vaes
- ReGenesys BV, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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30
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Gorman E, Millar J, McAuley D, O'Kane C. Mesenchymal stromal cells for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and COVID-19 infection: optimizing the therapeutic potential. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 15:301-324. [PMID: 33172313 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1848555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cell (MSC) therapies are emerging as a promising therapeutic intervention in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis due to their reparative, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their mechanisms of effect in ARDS and sepsis. The preclinical and clinical evidence to support MSC therapy in ARDS and sepsis is discussed. The potential for MSC therapy in COVID-19 ARDS is discussed with insights from respiratory viral models and early clinical reports of MSC therapy in COVID-19. Strategies to optimize the therapeutic potential of MSCs in ARDS and sepsis are considered including preconditioning, altered gene expression, and alternative cell-free MSC-derived products, such as extracellular vesicles and conditioned medium.Expert opinion: MSC products present considerable therapeutic promise for ARDS and sepsis. Preclinical investigations report significant benefits and early phase clinical studies have not highlighted safety concerns. Optimization of MSC function in preclinical models of ARDS and sepsis has enhanced their beneficial effects. MSC-derived products, as cell-free alternatives, may provide further advantages in this field. These strategies present opportunity for the clinical development of MSCs and MSC-derived products with enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gorman
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Jonathan Millar
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danny McAuley
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia O'Kane
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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31
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Ahangar P, Mills SJ, Smith LE, Strudwick XL, Ting AE, Vaes B, Cowin AJ. Human multipotent adult progenitor cell-conditioned medium improves wound healing through modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:299. [PMID: 32680566 PMCID: PMC7368692 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies have been widely investigated for their healing effects. However, the translation of these therapies has been hampered by the requirement to deliver live allogeneic or autologous cells directly to the wound in a clinical setting. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC® cells) are a subpopulation of bone marrow-derived adherent stem cells that secrete a wide range of factors known to accelerate the wound healing process. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of MAPC cells secretome on healing outcomes without the presence of MAPC cells. METHODS The effect of MAPC-conditioned medium (MAPC-CM) on the capacity of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate was determined in vitro using scratch wound closure and WST1 assay, respectively. The effect of MAPC-CM on collagen deposition and angiogenesis was also assessed using in vitro methods. Additionally, two excisional wounds were created on the dorsal surface of mice (n = 8/group) and 100 μL of 20× MAPC-CM were intradermally injected to the wound margins. Wound tissues were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days post-wounding and stained with H&E for microscopic analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate inflammation, angiogenesis and collagen deposition in the wounds. RESULTS Skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells treated with MAPC-CM all showed improved rates of scratch closure and increased cellular proliferation. Moreover, fibroblasts treated with MAPC-CM deposited more collagens I and III and endothelial cells treated with MAPC-CM showed increased capillary tube formation. Murine excisional wounds intradermally injected with MAPC-CM showed a significant reduction in the wound area and an increase in the rate of reepithelialisation. The results also showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was decreased while an increase in angiogenesis, as well as collagens I and III expressions, was observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that factors produced by MAPC cells can have an important effect on cutaneous wound healing by affecting skin cell proliferation and migration, balancing inflammation and improving the formation of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. Development of stem cell-free therapy for the treatment of wounds may be a more clinically translatable approach for improving healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Ahangar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Louise E Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Bart Vaes
- ReGenesys BVBA, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Cell Therapy Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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32
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Moll G, Drzeniek N, Kamhieh-Milz J, Geissler S, Volk HD, Reinke P. MSC Therapies for COVID-19: Importance of Patient Coagulopathy, Thromboprophylaxis, Cell Product Quality and Mode of Delivery for Treatment Safety and Efficacy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1091. [PMID: 32574263 PMCID: PMC7249852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) as a new treatment for coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19) have been registered recently, most of them based on intravenous (IV) infusion. There is no approved effective therapy for COVID-19, but MSC therapies have shown first promise in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pneumonia, inflammation, and sepsis, which are among the leading causes of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Many of the critically ill COVID-19 patients are in a hypercoagulable procoagulant state and at high risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation, thromboembolism, and thrombotic multi-organ failure, another cause of high fatality. It is not yet clear whether IV infusion is a safe and effective route of MSC delivery in COVID-19, since MSC-based products express variable levels of highly procoagulant tissue factor (TF/CD142), compromising the cells' hemocompatibility and safety profile. Of concern, IV infusions of poorly characterized MSC products with unchecked (high) TF/CD142 expression could trigger blood clotting in COVID-19 and other vulnerable patient populations and further promote the risk for thromboembolism. In contrast, well-characterized products with robust manufacturing procedures and optimized modes of clinical delivery hold great promise for ameliorating COVID-19 by exerting their beneficial immunomodulatory effects, inducing tissue repair and organ protection. While the need for MSC therapy in COVID-19 is apparent, integrating both innate and adaptive immune compatibility testing into the current guidelines for cell, tissue, and organ transplantation is critical for safe and effective therapies. It is paramount to only use well-characterized, safe MSCs even in the most urgent and experimental treatments. We here propose three steps to mitigate the risk for these vulnerable patients: (1) updated clinical guidelines for cell and tissue transplantation, (2) updated minimal criteria for characterization of cellular therapeutics, and (3) updated cell therapy routines reflecting specific patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Drzeniek
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BECAT), All Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-of Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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