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Wu Q, Gao X, Lin Y, Wu C, Zhang J, Chen M, Wen J, Wu Y, Tian K, Bao W, Sun P, Zhu A. Integrating Epigenetics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics to Reveal the Involvement of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Oridonin-Induced Reproductive Toxicity. TOXICS 2024; 12:339. [PMID: 38787118 PMCID: PMC11126149 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Oridonin is the primary active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Rabdosia rubescens, displaying anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial effects. It is widely employed in clinical therapy for acute and chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis, as well as bronchitis. Nevertheless, the clinical application of oridonin is significantly restricted due to its reproductive toxicity, with the exact mechanism remaining unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of oridonin-induced damage to HTR-8/SVneo cells. Through the integration of epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics methodologies, the mechanisms of oridonin-induced reproductive toxicity were discovered and confirmed through fluorescence imaging, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Experimental findings indicated that oridonin altered m6A levels, gene and protein expression levels, along with metabolite levels within the cells. Additionally, oridonin triggered oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, leading to a notable decrease in WNT6, β-catenin, CLDN1, CCND1, and ZO-1 protein levels. This implied that the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and disruption of tight junction might be attributed to the cytotoxicity induced by oridonin and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in damage to HTR-8/SVneo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Caijin Wu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children’s Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Oncology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children’s Hospital), Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - An Zhu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Kang L, Wang X, Wang J, Guo J, Zhang W, Lei R. NRF1 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury by upregulating DKK3 and inhibiting the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:120-129. [PMID: 37402316 PMCID: PMC10711350 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory injury is the main cause of the incidence of severe neonatal pneumonia (NP) and associated deaths. Although dickkopf-3 (DKK3) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in numerous pathological processes, its role in NP is still unknown. In this study, human embryonic lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory injury of NP in vitro. The expression of DKK3 was downregulated in LPS-stimulated WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 overexpression decreased LPS-induced inhibition of cell viability, and reduced LPS-induced apoptosis of WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 overexpression also reduced LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors such as ROS, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF1) knockdown was found to upregulate DKK3 and inactivate the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in LPS-injured WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. NRF1 knockdown also suppressed LPS-induced inhibition on cell viability, repressed LPS-induced apoptosis, and inhibited the accumulation of ROS, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in LPS-injured WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. DKK3 knockdown or re-activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway reversed the inhibitory effects of NRF1 knockdown on LPS-induced inflammatory injury. In conclusion, NRF1 knockdown can alleviate LPS-triggered inflammatory injury by regulating DKK3 and the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruirui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan Province, China
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Gonzalez EA, Liu Y, Wang D, Jeziorek M, Bandyopadhyay S, Rao A, Gao N, Etchegaray JP. TET3-mediated DNA oxidation is essential for intestinal epithelial cell response to stressors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221405120. [PMID: 37669386 PMCID: PMC10500271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221405120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation functions as a repressive epigenetic mark that can be reversed by the Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of DNA dioxygenases that sequentially oxidize 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Both 5fC and 5caC can be excised by DNA base-excision repair factors leading to unmodified cytosines. TET enzymes were recently implicated as potential risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the contribution of TET-mediated DNA oxidation to intestinal homeostasis and response to environmental stressors are unknown. Here, we show prominent roles of TET3 in regulating mouse intestinal epithelial differentiation and response to luminal stressors. Compared with wild-type littermates, mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific ablation of Tet3 (Tet3ΔIEC) demonstrated a decreased transcriptome involved in innate immune response, Paneth cell differentiation, and epithelial regeneration. Tet3IEC mice exhibited an elevated susceptibility to enteric pathogen infection that is correlated with a decreased epithelial 5hmC abundance. Infection of human enterocytes or mice with the pathogenic bacteria acutely increased 5hmC abundance. Genome-wide 5hmC profiling revealed a shift of genomic enrichment of 5hmC toward genes involved in activating Notch, Wnt, and autophagy pathways. Furthermore, chemical stressor dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) represses epithelial 5hmC abundance in a temporal fashion, and Tet3IEC mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS experimental colitis with reduced regenerative capacity. TET3 is a critical regulator of gut epithelial DNA methylome and transcriptome, especially in response to luminal stressors, for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
| | - Dahui Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
| | - Maciej Jeziorek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
| | | | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ08901
| | - Jean-Pierre Etchegaray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ07102
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ08901
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Ijaz S, Haq IU, Malik R, Nadeem G, Ali HM, Kaur S. In silico characterization of differentially expressed short-read nucleotide sequences identified in dieback stress-induced transcriptomic analysis reveals their role as antimicrobial peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168221. [PMID: 37021314 PMCID: PMC10069654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in silico characterization of short-length nucleotide sequences that were differentially expressed in dieback stress-induced transcriptomic analysis. They displayed homology with C-terminal flanking peptides and defensins-like proteins, revealing their antimicrobial activity. Their predicted fingerprints displayed protein signatures related to antimicrobial peptides. These short-length RGAs have been shown to possess structural motifs such as APLT P-type ATPase, casein kinase II (CK2), protein kinase 3, protein kinase C (PKC), and N-glycosylation site that are the attributes of disease resistance genes. The prediction of arginine and lysine residues in active binding sites in ligand docking analysis prophesied them as antimicrobial peptides due to their strong relation with antimicrobial activity. The in silico structural-functional characterization has predicted their role in resistance against microbial pathogens. Moreover, the predicted antimicrobial peptide regions showed their homology with the signature domain of PR-5-like protein and AMP family Thaumatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddra Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Malik
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghalia Nadeem
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Gu F, Xu F, Pan Z, Shi L, Yu J, Song F, Huang S, Sun M. An integrative pan-cancer analysis illustrating the key role of LRP11 in cervical cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33201. [PMID: 36930084 PMCID: PMC10019138 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11 (LRP11) was involved in the progression of several tumors. However, its role in cervical cancer still remains uncertain. METHODS The original tumor data was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and genotype-tissue expression databases. The expression of LRP11 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were evaluated. In addition, we also explored the genetic alteration, prognostic value, and gene function of LRP11. We deeply assessed the interaction between LRP11 and tumor immunity at the pan-cancer level. Finally, research on the association between LRP11 and the resistance of anti-tumor drugs was carried out. RESULTS LRP11 was highly expressed and played a risk prognostic factor in cervical cancer and a variety of tumors. Enrichment analysis revealed that LRP11 was involved in multiple tumor malignant pathways. Our research also pointed out the unique role between LRP11 and tumor immune microenvironment. The tumor immune microenvironment of patients with high expression of LRP11 are lack of most immune cells, indicating a immune desert tumor microenvironment. The final drug resistant analysis suggested that patients with high expression of LRP11 may be related to the resistance of many anti-tumor drugs. CONCLUSION LRP11 was a potential oncogene and prognostic marker in cervical cancer and pan-cancer. Patients with high LRP11 expression may have immune desert tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zimeng Pan
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Medical Rehabilitation Departments, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglu Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShuFeng Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Abstract
In light of the demonstrated antagonism of Wnt5A signaling toward the growth of several bacterial pathogens, it was important to study the influence of Wnt5A on gut-resident bacteria and its outcome. Here, we demonstrate that in contrast to inhibiting the survival of the established gut pathogen Salmonella enterica, Wnt5A clearly promotes the survival of the common gut commensals Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus within macrophages through a self-perpetuating Wnt5A-actin axis. A Wnt5A-actin axis furthermore regulates the subsistence of the natural bacterial population of the Peyer's patches, as is evident from the diminution in the countable bacterial CFU therein through the application of Wnt5A signaling and actin assembly inhibitors. Wnt5A dependency of the gut-resident bacterial population is also manifested in the notable difference between the bacterial diversities associated with the feces and Peyer's patches of Wnt5A heterozygous mice, which lack a functional copy of the Wnt5A gene, and their wild-type counterparts. Alterations in the gut commensal bacterial population resulting from either the lack of a copy of the Wnt5A gene or inhibitor-mediated attenuation of Wnt5A signaling are linked with significant differences in cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II levels and regulatory versus activated CD4 T cells associated with the Peyer's patches. Taken together, our findings reveal the significance of steady state Wnt5A signaling in shaping the gut commensal bacterial population and the T cell repertoire linked to it, thus unveiling a crucial control device for the maintenance of gut bacterial diversity and T cell homeostasis. IMPORTANCE Gut commensal bacterial diversity and T cell homeostasis are crucial entities of the host innate immune network, yet the molecular details of host-directed signaling pathways that sustain the steady state of gut bacterial colonization and T cell activation remain unclear. Here, we describe the protective role of a Wnt5A-actin axis in the survival of several gut bacterial commensals and its necessity in shaping gut bacterial colonization and the associated T cell repertoire. This study opens up new avenues of investigation into the role of the Wnt5A-actin axis in protection of the gut from dysbiosis-related inflammatory disorders.
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Hong Y, Vu TH, Lee S, Heo J, Kang S, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Comparative analysis of exosomal miRNAs derived from lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid -stimulated chicken macrophage cell line. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102141. [PMID: 36167020 PMCID: PMC9513274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play important roles in cellular communication by delivering exosomal proteins and nucleic acid molecules to cells. In particular, exosomal miRNAs can modulate various biological processes in recipient cells by repressing target gene expression. In this study, to identify the composition of exosomal miRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms against bacterial and viral infections, profiles of exosomal miRNAs from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-stimulated chicken macrophage cell line (HD11) were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Exosomes were purified after stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) and poly(I:C) (50 μg/mL) for 24 h. Then, exosomal RNA were analyzed for small RNA sequencing using the HiSeq 2500 System. Thirty six differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were obtained by comparing LPS-stimulated exosomes (LPS-EXO) and unstimulated exosomes (CTRL-EXO), 42 DE miRNAs in poly(I:C)-stimulated exosomes (POLY-EXO) and CTRL-EXO, and 45 DE miRNAs in LPS-EXO and POLY-EXO. Target genes of DE miRNAs were predicted using miRDB and TargetScan. KEGG pathway analysis showed that most of the target genes were related to mitogen-activated protein kinase and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, results of qRT-PCR for miRNAs (gga-miR-142-3p, gga-miR-19a-3p, gga-miR-21-3p, gga-miR-301a-3p, gga-miR-338-3p, and gga-miR-3523) were consistent with the sequencing results. This study will provide knowledge about immuno-regulatory mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs derived from macrophages against pathological insults such as bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jubi Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the Versican Interactome in Lung Health and Disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is re-expressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. While this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Maity S, Chakraborty A, Mahata SK, Roy S, Das AK, Sen M. Wnt5A Signaling Blocks Progression of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818266. [PMID: 35197983 PMCID: PMC8859155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani infection is fatal if left untreated. The intrinsic complexity of visceral leishmaniasis complicated further by the increasing emergence of drug resistant L. donovani strains warrants fresh investigations into host defense schemes that counter infections. Accordingly, in a mouse model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis we explored the utility of host Wnt5A in restraining L. donovani infection, using both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant L. donovani strains. We found that Wnt5A heterozygous (Wnt5A +/-) mice are more susceptible to L. donovani infection than their wild type (Wnt5A +/+) counterparts as depicted by the respective Leishman Donovan Units (LDU) enumerated from the liver and spleen harvested from infected mice. Higher LDU in Wnt5A +/- mice correlated with increased plasma gammaglobulin level, incidence of liver granuloma, and disorganization of splenic white pulp. Progression of infection in mice by both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant strains of L. donovani could be prevented by activation of Wnt5A signaling through intravenous administration of rWnt5A prior to L. donovani infection. Wnt5A mediated blockade of L. donovani infection correlated with the preservation of splenic macrophages and activated T cells, and a proinflammatory cytokine bias. Taken together our results indicate that while depletion of Wnt5A promotes susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, revamping Wnt5A signaling in the host is able to curb L. donovani infection irrespective of antimony sensitivity or resistance and mitigate the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Maity
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar Mahata
- Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Syamal Roy
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Malini Sen, ;
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Plant-Derived Chinese Medicine Monomers on Ovarian Cancer via the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: Review of Mechanisms and Prospects. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6852867. [PMID: 34912456 PMCID: PMC8668291 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6852867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. The progression and metastasis of OC are complex and involve multiple signaling pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to OC, and therefore blocking the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly or inhibiting related genes, and molecular targets is of great value in treating OC. Toxicities such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm are the major side effects for common anticancer drugs and are well documented. There is, therefore, a need to develop new, effective, safer, and more affordable anticancer drugs from alternative sources. In recent years, plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers have drawn increasing attention due to their high safety, low toxicity, minimal side effects, and antitumor effects. Plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers are effective against multiple targets and can regulate the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of OC as well as reverse drug resistance by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize and provide mechanisms and prospects for the use of plant-derived Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of OC.
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Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling in Human Dendritic Cells Mediates Regulatory T-Cell Responses to Fungi via the PD-L1 Pathway. mBio 2021; 12:e0282421. [PMID: 34781737 PMCID: PMC8593687 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02824-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways activated following interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and a pathogen determine the polarization of effector T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses to the infection. Several recent studies, mostly in the context of bacterial infections, have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a major role in imparting tolerogenic features in DCs and in promotion of Treg responses. However, the significance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway’s involvement in regulating the immune response to the fungal species is not known. Using Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous airborne opportunistic fungal species, we show here that fungi activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human DCs and are critical for mediating the immunosuppressive Treg responses. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway in DCs led to inhibition of maturation-associated molecules and interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion without affecting the majority of the inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, blockade of Wnt signaling in DCs suppressed DC-mediated Treg responses in CD4+ T cells and downregulated both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 responses in CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, induction of β-catenin pathway by A. fumigatus required C-type lectin receptors and promoted Treg polarization via the induction of programmed death-ligand 1 on DCs. Further investigation on the identity of fungal molecular patterns has revealed that the cell wall polysaccharides β-(1, 3)-glucan and α-(1, 3)-glucan, but not chitin, possess the capacity to activate the β-catenin pathway. Our data suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a potential therapeutic target to selectively suppress the Treg response and to sustain the protective Th1 response in the context of invasive aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus.
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Chen WJ, Yu X, Yuan XR, Chen BJ, Cai N, Zeng S, Sun YS, Li HW. The Role of IL-36 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727956. [PMID: 34675805 PMCID: PMC8523922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A member of the interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily was IL-36, which contained IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra. Heterotrimer complexes, consisting of heterodimeric receptor complexes and IL-36 agonist, gave signals through intracellular functional domains, so as to bind to downstream proteins and induce inflammatory response. IL-36 agonists upregulated mature-associated CD80, CD86, MHCII, and inductively produced several pro-inflammatory cytokines through the IL-36R-dependent manner in dendritic cells (DCs). Besides, DCs had the ability to initiate the differentiation of helper T (Th) cells. Up to date, the role of IL-36 in immunity, inflammation and other diseases is of great importance. Additionally, autoimmune diseases were characterized by excessive immune response, resulting in damage and dysfunction of specific or multiple organs and tissues. Most autoimmune diseases were related to inflammatory response. In this review, we will conclude the recent research advances of IL-36 in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, which may provide new insight for the future research and the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bang-Jie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Na Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Zeng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Song Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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SETD2-mediated epigenetic regulation of noncanonical Wnt5A during osteoclastogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:192. [PMID: 34663428 PMCID: PMC8522097 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the role of SETD2 in the WNT5a signaling in the context of osteoclastogenesis, we exploited two different models: in vitro osteoclast differentiation, and K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model. We found that SETD2 and WNT5a were upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and after induction of arthritis. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches in the myeloid cell, we confirmed that SETD2 regulated the osteoclast markers, and WNT5a via modulating active histone marks by enriching H3K36me3, and by reducing repressive H3K27me3 mark. Additionally, during osteoclastic differentiation, the transcription of Wnt5a was also associated with the active histone H3K9 and H4K8 acetylations. Mechanistically, SETD2 directed induction of NF-κβ expression facilitated the recruitment of H3K9Ac and H4K8Ac around the TSS region of the Wnt5a gene, thereby, assisting osteoclast differentiation. Together these findings for the first time revealed that SETD2 mediated epigenetic regulation of Wnt5a plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis and induced arthritis. Model for the Role of SETD2 dependent regulation of osteoclastic differentiation. A In monocyte cells SETD2-dependent H3K36 trimethylation help to create open chromatin region along with active enhancer mark, H3K27Ac. This chromatin state facilitated the loss of a suppressive H3K27me3 mark. B Additionally, SETD2 mediated induction of NF-κβ expression leads to the recruitment of histone acetyl transferases, P300/PCAF, to the Wnt5a gene and establish H3K9Ac and H4K8Ac marks. Along with other activation marks, these acetylation marks help in Wnt5a transcription which leads to osteoclastogenesis.
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Abstract
Objectives Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease recognized as an oral potential malignant disorder (OPMD) with the precise mechanism unknown. This study focused on the transcriptional profiles of OLP to elucidate its potential pathogenesis. Methods We conducted RNA sequencing on matched 6 OLP tissues and 6 normal oral mucosal tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We utilized qRT-PCR to validated the top dysregulated genes and hub genes in another 10 pairs of specimens. Results A total of 153 DEGs (p-values< 0.05) were detected from RNA-Seq. According to GO and KEGG analysis, the dysregulated genes were mainly related to T cell related pathway and Wnt signaling. Based on the WGCNA analysis, 5 modules with high intramodular connectivity and hub genes in each module were gained. Conclusions RNA-Seq and bioinformatic methods offered a valuable understanding of the biological pathways and key genes in the regulation of OLP. The identified DEGs and hub genes categorized into 2 groups including T cell regulation and inflammation and Wnt signaling pathway may serve as potential novel molecular targets for therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-021-00202-z.
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DNA Methylation Profiling for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Lung Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:501-512. [PMID: 34203447 PMCID: PMC8929150 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) lung disease is rapidly increasing; however, its diagnosis and prognosis remain unclear while selecting patients who will respond to appropriate treatment. Differences in DNA methylation patterns between NTM patients with good or poor prognosis could provide important therapeutic targets. We used the Illumina MethylationEPIC (850k) DNA methylation microarray to determine the pattern between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in NTM patients with good or poor prognosis (n = 4/group). Moreover, we merged and compared 20 healthy controls from previous Illumina Methylation450k DNA methylation microarray data. We selected and visualized the DMRs in the form of heatmaps, and enriched terms associated with these DMRs were identified by functional annotation with the “pathfinder” package. In total, 461 and 293 DMRs (|Log2 fold change| > 0.1 and P < 0.03) were more methylated in patients with four poor and four good prognoses, respectively. Furthermore, 337 and 771 DMRs (|Log2 fold change| > 0.08 and P < 0.001) were more methylated in eight NTM patients and 20 healthy controls, respectively. TGFBr1 was significantly less methylated, whereas HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR5 were more methylated in patients with poor prognosis (compared to those with good prognosis). LRP5, E2F1, and ADCY3 were the top three less-methylated genes in NTM patients (compared with the controls). The mTOR and Wnt signaling pathway-related genes were less methylated in patients with NTM. Collectively, genes related to Th1- cell differentiation, such as TGFBr1 and HLA-DR, may be used as biomarkers for predicting the treatment response in patients with NTM lung disease.
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Botwright NA, Mohamed AR, Slinger J, Lima PC, Wynne JW. Host-Parasite Interaction of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) and the Ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans in Amoebic Gill Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672700. [PMID: 34135900 PMCID: PMC8202022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are susceptible to recurrent amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans over the growout production cycle. The parasite elicits a highly localized response within the gill epithelium resulting in multifocal mucoid patches at the site of parasite attachment. This host-parasite response drives a complex immune reaction, which remains poorly understood. To generate a model for host-parasite interaction during pathogenesis of AGD in Atlantic salmon the local (gill) and systemic transcriptomic response in the host, and the parasite during AGD pathogenesis was explored. A dual RNA-seq approach together with differential gene expression and system-wide statistical analyses of gene and transcription factor networks was employed. A multi-tissue transcriptomic data set was generated from the gill (including both lesioned and non-lesioned tissue), head kidney and spleen tissues naïve and AGD-affected Atlantic salmon sourced from an in vivo AGD challenge trial. Differential gene expression of the salmon host indicates local and systemic upregulation of defense and immune responses. Two transcription factors, znfOZF-like and znf70-like, and their associated gene networks significantly altered with disease state. The majority of genes in these networks are candidates for mediators of the immune response, cellular proliferation and invasion. These include Aurora kinase B-like, rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25-like and protein NDNF-like inhibited. Analysis of the N. perurans transcriptome during AGD pathology compared to in vitro cultured N. perurans trophozoites, as a proxy for wild type trophozoites, identified multiple gene candidates for virulence and indicates a potential master regulatory gene system analogous to the two-component PhoP/Q system. Candidate genes identified are associated with invasion of host tissue, evasion of host defense mechanisms and formation of the mucoid lesion. We generated a novel model for host-parasite interaction during AGD pathogenesis through integration of host and parasite functional profiles. Collectively, this dual transcriptomic study provides novel molecular insights into the pathology of AGD and provides alternative theories for future research in a step towards improved management of AGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Botwright
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Amin R Mohamed
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel Slinger
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Woorim, QLD, Australia
| | - Paula C Lima
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Wynne
- Livestock and Aquaculture, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Ueland T, Astrup E, Otterdal K, Lekva T, Janardhanan J, Prakash JAJ, Thomas K, Michelsen AE, Aukrust P, Varghese GM, Damås JK. Secreted Wnt antagonists in scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009185. [PMID: 33914733 PMCID: PMC8112706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that control local and systemic inflammation in scrub typhus have only been partially elucidated. The wingless (Wnt) signaling pathways are emerging as important regulators of inflammation and infection, but have not been investigated in scrub typhus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Plasma levels of secreted Wnt antagonists (i.e. DKK-1, sFRP-3, WIF-1 and SOST) were analyzed in patients with scrub typhus (n = 129), patients with similar febrile illness without O. tsutsugamushi infection (n = 31), febrile infectious disease controls, and in healthy controls (n = 31) from the same area of South India, and were correlated to markers of inflammation, immune and endothelial cell activation as well as for their association with organ specific dysfunction and mortality in these patients. We found i) Levels of SOST and in particular sFRP-3 and WIF-1 were markedly increased and DKK-1 decreased in scrub typhus patients at admission to the hospital compared to healthy controls. ii) In recovering scrub typhus patients, SOST, sFRP-3 and WIF-1 decreased and DKK-1 increased. iii) SOST was positively correlated with markers of monocyte/macrophage and endothelial/vascular activation as well as with renal dysfunction and poor outcome iv) Finally, regulation of Wnt pathways by O. tsutsugamushi in vitro in monocytes and ex vivo in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with scrub typhus, as evaluated by gene expression studies available in public repositories, revealed markedly attenuated canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that scrub typhus is characterized by attenuated Wnt signaling possibly involving dysregulated levels of several secreted pathway antagonists. The secreted Wnt antagonist SOST was strongly associated with renal dysfunction and poor prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Astrup
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeshina Janardhanan
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John A. J. Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kurien Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - George M. Varghese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K. Damås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Jati S, Sengupta S, Sen M. Wnt5A-Mediated Actin Organization Regulates Host Response to Bacterial Pathogens and Non-Pathogens. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628191. [PMID: 33664738 PMCID: PMC7921742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5A signaling facilitates the killing of several bacterial pathogens, but not the non-pathogen E. coli DH5α. The basis of such pathogen vs. non-pathogen distinction is unclear. Accordingly, we analyzed the influence of Wnt5A signaling on pathogenic E. coli K1 in relation to non-pathogenic E. coli K12-MG1655 and E. coli DH5α eliminating interspecies variability from our study. Whereas cell internalized E. coli K1 disrupted cytoskeletal actin organization and multiplied during Wnt5A depletion, rWnt5A mediated activation revived cytoskeletal actin assembly facilitating K1 eradication. Cell internalized E. coli K12-MG1655 and E. coli DH5α, which did not perturb actin assembly appreciably, remained unaffected by rWnt5A treatment. Phagosomes prepared separately from Wnt5A conditioned medium treated K1 and K12-MG1655 infected macrophages revealed differences in the relative levels of actin and actin network promoting proteins, upholding that the Wnt5A-Actin axis operates differently for internalized pathogen and non-pathogen. Interestingly, exposure of rWnt5A treated K1 and K12-MG1655/DH5α infected macrophages to actin assembly inhibitors reversed the scenario, blocking killing of K1, yet promoting killing of both K12-MG1655 and DH5α. Taken together, our study illustrates that the state of activation of the Wnt5A/Actin axis in the context of the incumbent bacteria is crucial for directing host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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