1
|
Heim C, Hartig L, Weinelt N, Moser LM, Salzmann-Manrique E, Merker M, Wels WS, Tonn T, Bader P, Klusmann JH, van Wijk SJ, Rettinger E. Bortezomib promotes the TRAIL-mediated killing of resistant rhabdomyosarcoma by ErbB2/Her2-targeted CAR-NK-92 cells via DR5 upregulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200802. [PMID: 38706988 PMCID: PMC11067460 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Treatment resistance and immune escape are hallmarks of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), underscoring the urgent medical need for therapeutic agents against this disease entity as a key challenge in pediatric oncology. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapies, such as the ErbB2 (Her2)-CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cell line NK-92/5.28.z, provide antitumor cytotoxicity primarily through CAR-mediated cytotoxic granule release and thereafter-even in cases with low surface antigen expression or tumor escape-by triggering intrinsic NK cell-mediated apoptosis induction via additional ligand/receptors. In this study, we showed that bortezomib increased susceptibility toward apoptosis in clinically relevant RMS cell lines RH30 and RH41, and patient-derived RMS tumor organoid RMS335, by upregulation of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor DR5 in these metastatic, relapsed/refractory (r/r) RMS tumors. Subsequent administration of NK-92/5.28.z cells significantly enhanced antitumor activity in vitro. Applying recombinant TRAIL instead of NK-92/5.28.z cells confirmed that the synergistic antitumor effects of the combination treatment were mediated via TRAIL. Western blot analyses indicated that the combination treatment with bortezomib and NK-92/5.28.z cells increased apoptosis by interacting with the nuclear factor κB, JNK, and caspase pathways. Overall, bortezomib pretreatment can sensitize r/r RMS tumors to CAR- and, by upregulating DR5, TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity of NK-92/5.28.z cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Heim
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leonie Hartig
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Weinelt
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPOH), 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura M. Moser
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt am Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Emilia Salzmann-Manrique
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Merker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt am Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg/Hessen gemeinnützige GmbH, 60505 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt am Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J.L. van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPOH), 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt am Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt am Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT) Frankfurt Marburg, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morel VJ, Rössler J, Bernasconi M. Targeted immunotherapy and nanomedicine for rhabdomyosarcoma: The way of the future. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38885148 DOI: 10.1002/med.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Histology separates two main subtypes: embryonal RMS (eRMS; 60%-70%) and alveolar RMS (aRMS; 20%-30%). The aggressive aRMS carry one of two characteristic chromosomal translocations that result in the expression of a PAX3::FOXO1 or PAX7::FOXO1 fusion transcription factor; therefore, aRMS are now classified as fusion-positive (FP) RMS. Embryonal RMS have a better prognosis and are clinically indistinguishable from fusion-negative (FN) RMS. Next to histology and molecular characteristics, RMS risk groupings are now available defining low risk tumors with excellent outcomes and advanced stage disease with poor prognosis, with an overall survival of about only 20% despite intensified multimodal treatment. Therefore, development of novel effective targeted strategies to increase survival and to decrease long-term side effects is urgently needed. Recently, immunotherapies and nanomedicine have been emerging for potent and effective tumor treatments with minimal side effects, raising hopes for effective and safe cures for RMS patients. This review aims to describe the most relevant preclinical and clinical studies in immunotherapy and targeted nanomedicine performed so far in RMS and to provide an insight in future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Judith Morel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Bernasconi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sadowski K, Jażdżewska A, Kozłowski J, Zacny A, Lorenc T, Olejarz W. Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5774. [PMID: 38891962 PMCID: PMC11172387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the adult population, with an average survival of 12.1 to 14.6 months. The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, multiple RTKs inhibitors, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the increasing understanding of the role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and the ability to identify tumor-specific antigens helped to develop immunotherapies targeting GBM and immune cells, including CAR-T, CAR-NK cells, dendritic cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Each of the described methods has its advantages and disadvantages and faces problems, such as the inefficient crossing of the blood-brain barrier, various neurological and systemic side effects, and the escape mechanism of the tumor. This work aims to present the current modern treatments of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Sadowski
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Jażdżewska
- The Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jan Kozłowski
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Zacny
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- Department of Radiology I, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu JW, Liu Y, Dai XJ, Liu HM, Zheng YC, Liu HM. CD155 as an emerging target in tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111896. [PMID: 38518596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
CD155 is an immunoglobulin-like protein overexpressed in almost all the tumor cells, which not only promotes proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and migration of tumor cells, but also regulates immune responses by interacting with TIGIT, CD226 or CD96 receptors expressed on several immune cells, thereby modulating the functionality of these cellular subsets. As a novel immune checkpoint, the inhibition of CD155/TIGIT, either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other immune checkpoint inhibitors, has demonstrated efficacy in managing advanced solid malignancies. In this review, we summarize the intricate relationship between on tumor surface CD155 and its receptors, with further discussion on how they regulate the occurrence of tumor immune escape. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies and clinical trials targeting CD155 and its receptors are summarized, providing a strong rationale and way forward for the development of next-generation immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, XNA Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xing-Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, XNA Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, XNA Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, XNA Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, XNA Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Thng DKH, Wong ALA, Toh TB. Mechanistic insights and the clinical prospects of targeted therapies for glioblastoma: a comprehensive review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38615034 PMCID: PMC11015656 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumour that is traditionally diagnosed based on histological features. Recent molecular profiling studies have reshaped the World Health Organization approach in the classification of central nervous system tumours to include more pathogenetic hallmarks. These studies have revealed that multiple oncogenic pathways are dysregulated, which contributes to the aggressiveness and resistance of GBM. Such findings have shed light on the molecular vulnerability of GBM and have shifted the disease management paradigm from chemotherapy to targeted therapies. Targeted drugs have been developed to inhibit oncogenic targets in GBM, including receptors involved in the angiogenic axis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, as well as IDH1/2 pathway. While certain targeted drugs showed promising results in vivo, the translatability of such preclinical achievements in GBM remains a barrier. We also discuss the recent developments and clinical assessments of targeted drugs, as well as the prospects of cell-based therapies and combinatorial therapy as novel ways to target GBM. Targeted treatments have demonstrated preclinical efficacy over chemotherapy as an alternative or adjuvant to the current standard of care for GBM, but their clinical efficacy remains hindered by challenges such as blood-brain barrier penetrance of the drugs. The development of combinatorial targeted therapies is expected to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Shen
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rojas-Quintero J, Díaz MP, Palmar J, Galan-Freyle NJ, Morillo V, Escalona D, González-Torres HJ, Torres W, Navarro-Quiroz E, Rivera-Porras D, Bermúdez V. Car T Cells in Solid Tumors: Overcoming Obstacles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4170. [PMID: 38673757 PMCID: PMC11050550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy has emerged as a prominent adoptive cell therapy and a therapeutic approach of great interest in the fight against cancer. This approach has shown notorious efficacy in refractory hematological neoplasm, which has bolstered its exploration in the field of solid cancers. However, successfully managing solid tumors presents considerable intrinsic challenges, which include the necessity of guiding the modified cells toward the tumoral region, assuring their penetration and survival in adverse microenvironments, and addressing the complexity of identifying the specific antigens for each type of cancer. This review focuses on outlining the challenges faced by CAR T cell therapy when used in the treatment of solid tumors, as well as presenting optimizations and emergent approaches directed at improving its efficacy in this particular context. From precise localization to the modulation of the tumoral microenvironment and the adaptation of antigen recognition strategies, diverse pathways will be examined to overcome the current limitations and buttress the therapeutic potential of CAR T cells in the fight against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - María P. Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Jim Palmar
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
| | - Valery Morillo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Daniel Escalona
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | | | - Wheeler Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino—Metabólicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (J.P.); (V.M.); (D.E.); (W.T.)
| | - Elkin Navarro-Quiroz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Diego Rivera-Porras
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (E.N.-Q.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saleh HA, Mitwasi N, R Loureiro L, Kegler A, Soto KEG, Hoffmann L, Crespo E, Arndt C, Bergmann R, Bachmann M, Feldmann A. RevCAR-expressing immune effector cells for targeting of Fn14-positive glioblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00766-8. [PMID: 38582787 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent studies, we have established the unique adapter chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) platform RevCAR which uses, as an extracellular CAR domain, a peptide epitope instead of an antibody domain. RevCAR adapters (termed RevCAR target modules, RevTMs) are bispecific antibodies that enable the reversible ON/OFF switch of the RevCAR system, improving the safety compared to conventional CARs. Here, we describe for the first time its use for retargeting of both T and NK-92 cells. In addition, we describe the development and preclinical validation of a novel RevTM for targeting of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) surface receptor which is overexpressed on Glioblastoma (GBM) cells, and therefore serves as a promising target for the treatment of GBM. The novel RevTM efficiently redirects RevCAR modified T and NK-92 cells and leads to the killing of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor cell killing is associated with increased IL-2, TNF-α and/or IFN-γ secretion. Hence, these findings give an insight into the complementary potential of both RevCAR T and NK-92 systems as a safe and specific immunotherapeutic approach against GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A Saleh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Mitwasi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana R Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karla Elizabeth González Soto
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Hoffmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eugenia Crespo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radioimmunology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaha S, Rodrigues D, Mitragotri S. Locoregional drug delivery for cancer therapy: Preclinical progress and clinical translation. J Control Release 2024; 367:737-767. [PMID: 38325716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery is the current clinically preferred route for cancer therapy. However, challenges associated with tumor localization and off-tumor toxic effects limit the clinical effectiveness of this route. Locoregional drug delivery is an emerging viable alternative to systemic therapies. With the improvement in real-time imaging technologies and tools for direct access to tumor lesions, the clinical applicability of locoregional drug delivery is becoming more prominent. Theoretically, locoregional treatments can bypass challenges faced by systemic drug delivery. Preclinically, locoregional delivery of drugs has demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy with limited off-target effects while still yielding an abscopal effect. Clinically, an array of locoregional strategies is under investigation for the delivery of drugs ranging in target and size. Locoregional tumor treatment strategies can be classified into two main categories: 1) direct drug infusion via injection or implanted port and 2) extended drug elution via injected or implanted depot. The number of studies investigating locoregional drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment is rising exponentially, in both preclinical and clinical settings, with some approaches approved for clinical use. Here, we highlight key preclinical advances and the clinical relevance of such locoregional delivery strategies in the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, we critically analyze 949 clinical trials involving locoregional drug delivery and discuss emerging trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heinrich MA, Huynh NT, Heinrich L, Prakash J. Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24808. [PMID: 38317968 PMCID: PMC10838749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive tumor type with a dismal survival rate, has a poor outcome which is at least partly attributed to the crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment such as astrocytes and microglia. We aimed to decipher the effect of these cells on GBM progression and on cell-based therapies using 3D co-cultures. Co-culturing of glioblastoma cells with patient-derived astrocytes or microglia or both formed dense and heterogeneous spheroids. Both, astrocytes and microglia, enhanced the spheroid growth rate and formed a physical barrier for macromolecules penetration, while only astrocytes enhanced the migration. Interestingly bi-/tri-cultured spheroids showed significant resistance against NK-92 cells, likely attributed to dense stroma and induced expression of immunosuppressive genes such as IDO1 or PTGES2. Altogether, our novel 3D GBM spheroid model recapitulates the cell-to-cell interactions of human glioblastoma and can serve as a suitable platform for evaluating cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Heinrich
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Qian Z, Zhang Y. A promising target for breast cancer: B7-H3. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38326735 PMCID: PMC10848367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading factor of mortality for women globally and is brought on by a variety of genetic and environmental causes. The conventional treatments for this disease have limitations, making it difficult to improve the lifespan of breast cancer patients. As a result, extensive research has been conducted over the past decade to find innovative solutions to these challenges. Targeting of the antitumor immune response through the immunomodulatory checkpoint protein B7 family has revolutionized cancer treatment and led to intermittent patient responses. B7-H3 has recently received attention because of its significant demodulation and its immunomodulatory effects in many cancers. Uncontrolled B7-H3 expression and a bad outlook are strongly associated, according to a substantial body of cancer research. Numerous studies have shown that BC has significant B7-H3 expression, and B7-H3 induces an immune evasion phenotype, consequently enhancing the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of BC cells. Thus, an innovative target for immunotherapy against BC may be the B7-H3 checkpoint.In this review, we discuss the structure and regulation of B7-H3 and its double costimulatory/coinhibitory function within the framework of cancer and normal physiology. Then we expound the malignant behavior of B7-H3 in BC and its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and finally focus on targeted drugs against B7-H3 that have opened new therapeutic opportunities in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nikoobakht M, Shamshiripour P, Mostafavi Zadeh SM, Rahnama M, Hajiahmadi F, Ramezani A, Farzam Rad V, Nazari E, Moradi AR, Akbarpour M, Ahmadvand D. Efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies on patients with glioma: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072484. [PMID: 38154889 PMCID: PMC10759140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial brain tumours are highly mortal and are noted as major neurosurgical challenges due to frequent recurrence or progression. Despite standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients with higher-grade glial tumours is still poor, and hence empowering antitumour immunity against glioma is a potential future oncological prospect. This review is designed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies for glioma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of main electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science EMBASE and ProQuest will be done on original articles, followed by a manual review of review articles. Only records in English and only clinical trials will be encountered for full-text review. All the appropriate studies that encountered the inclusion criteria will be screened, selected and then will undergo data extraction step by two independent authors. For meta-analyses, data heterogeneity for each parameter will be first evaluated by Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. In case of possible heterogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed and for homogenous data, fixed-effects models will be selected for reporting the results of the proportional meta-analysis. Bias risk will be assessed through Begg's and Egger's tests and will also be visualised by Funnel plots. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this study will be a systematic review without human participants' involvement, no ethical registration is required and meta-analysis will be presented at a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022373297.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Firoozgar Clinical Resrarch Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrana Rahnama
- Department of Biophysics, Iran University of Meidcal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Hajiahmadi
- Cellular Molecular Pharmacology School, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Farzam Rad
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Nazari
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility, David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Du Y, Pollok KE, Shen J. Unlocking Glioblastoma Secrets: Natural Killer Cell Therapy against Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5836. [PMID: 38136381 PMCID: PMC10741423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a paramount challenge as the most formidable primary brain tumor characterized by its rapid growth, aggressive invasiveness, and remarkable heterogeneity, collectively impeding effective therapeutic interventions. The cancer stem cells within GBM, GBM stem cells (GSCs), hold pivotal significance in fueling tumor advancement, therapeutic refractoriness, and relapse. Given their unique attributes encompassing self-renewal, multipotent differentiation potential, and intricate interplay with the tumor microenvironment, targeting GSCs emerges as a critical strategy for innovative GBM treatments. Natural killer (NK) cells, innate immune effectors recognized for their capacity to selectively detect and eliminate malignancies without the need for prior sensitization, offer substantial therapeutic potential. Harnessing the inherent capabilities of NK cells can not only directly engage tumor cells but also augment broader immune responses. Encouraging outcomes from clinical investigations underscore NK cells as a potentially effective modality for cancer therapy. Consequently, NK cell-based approaches hold promise for effectively targeting GSCs, thereby presenting an avenue to enhance treatment outcomes for GBM patients. This review outlines GBM's intricate landscape, therapeutic challenges, GSC-related dynamics, and elucidates the potential of NK cell as an immunotherapeutic strategy directed towards GSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Du
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jia Shen
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Wu H, Zheng X, Tang X, Chen Z. Therapeutic effects against high-grade glioblastoma mediated by engineered induced neural stem cells combined with GD2-specific CAR-NK. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1747-1762. [PMID: 37420122 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade glioblastoma is extremely challenging to treat because of its aggressiveness and resistance to conventional chemo- and radio-therapies. On the contrary, genetic and cellular immunotherapeutic strategies based on the stem and immune cells are emerging as promising treatments against glioblastoma (GBM). We aimed to developed a novel combined immunotherapeutic strategy to improve the treatment efficacy using genetically engineered PBMC-derived induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) expressing HSV-TK and second-generation CAR-NK cells against GBM. METHODS iNSCs cells expressing HSV-TK (iNSCsTK) and GD2-specific CAR-NK92 (GD2NK92) were generated from PBMC-derived iNSCs and NK92 cell lines, respectively. The anti-tumor effect of iNSCsTK and the combinational therapeutics of iNSCsTK and GD2NK92 were evaluated by GBM cell line using in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS PBMC-derived iNSCsTK possessed tumor-tropism migration ability in vitro and in vivo, which exhibited considerable anti-tumor activity via bystander effect in the presence of ganciclovir (GCV). iNSCsTK/GCV could slow GBM progression and prolong median survival in tumor-bearing mice. However, the anti-tumor effect was limited to single therapy. Therefore, the combinational therapeutic effect of iNSCsTK/GCV and GD2NK92 against GBM was investigated. This approach displayed a more significant anti-tumor effect in vitro and in xenograft tumor mice. CONCLUSIONS PBMC-derived iNSCsTK showed a significant tumor-tropic migration and an effective anti-tumor activity with GCV in vitro and in vivo. In addition, combined with GD2NK92, iNSCsTK therapeutic efficacy improved dramatically to prolong the tumor-bearing animal model's median survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongfeng Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huantong Wu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xihe Tang
- Neurosurgery Center of Aeronautical General Hospital, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
- , Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burger MC, Forster MT, Romanski A, Straßheimer F, Macas J, Zeiner PS, Steidl E, Herkt S, Weber KJ, Schupp J, Lun JH, Strecker MI, Wlotzka K, Cakmak P, Opitz C, George R, Mildenberger IC, Nowakowska P, Zhang C, Röder J, Müller E, Ihrig K, Langen KJ, Rieger MA, Herrmann E, Bonig H, Harter PN, Reiss Y, Hattingen E, Rödel F, Plate KH, Tonn T, Senft C, Steinbach JP, Wels WS. Intracranial injection of natural killer cells engineered with a HER2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2058-2071. [PMID: 37148198 PMCID: PMC10628939 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) is incurable at present without established treatment options for recurrent disease. In this phase I first-in-human clinical trial we investigated safety and feasibility of adoptive transfer of clonal chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z) targeting HER2, which is expressed at elevated levels by a subset of glioblastomas. METHODS Nine patients with recurrent HER2-positive GB were treated with single doses of 1 × 107, 3 × 107, or 1 × 108 irradiated CAR-NK cells injected into the margins of the surgical cavity during relapse surgery. Imaging at baseline and follow-up, peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping and analyses of the immune architecture by multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial digital profiling were performed. RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities, and none of the patients developed a cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Five patients showed stable disease after relapse surgery and CAR-NK injection that lasted 7 to 37 weeks. Four patients had progressive disease. Pseudoprogression was found at injection sites in 2 patients, suggestive of a treatment-induced immune response. For all patients, median progression-free survival was 7 weeks, and median overall survival was 31 weeks. Furthermore, the level of CD8+ T-cell infiltration in recurrent tumor tissue prior to CAR-NK cell injection positively correlated with time to progression. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial injection of HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells is feasible and safe in patients with recurrent GB. 1 × 108 NK-92/5.28.z cells was determined as the maximum feasible dose for a subsequent expansion cohort with repetitive local injections of CAR-NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Burger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Annette Romanski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Straßheimer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eike Steidl
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schupp
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer H Lun
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja I Strecker
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karolin Wlotzka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pinar Cakmak
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Opitz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rosemol George
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iris C Mildenberger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paulina Nowakowska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Röder
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elvira Müller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Ihrig
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hojjatipour T, Sharifzadeh Z, Maali A, Azad M. Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells: a promising sword against insidious tumor cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1843-1864. [PMID: 37477869 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of innate immunity, particularly in initial cancer recognition and inhibition of additional tumor growth or metastasis propagation. NK cells recognize transformed cells without prior sensitization via stimulatory receptors and rapidly eradicate them. However, the protective tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor escaping via induction of an exhaustion state in immune cells, including NK cells. Hence, genetic manipulation of NK cells for specific identification of tumor-associated antigens or a more robust response against tumor cells is a promising strategy for NK cells' tumoricidal augmentation. Regarding the remarkable achievement of engineered CAR-T cells in treating hematologic malignancies, there is evolving interest in CAR-NK cell recruitment in cancer immunotherapy. Innate functionality of NK cells, higher safety, superior in vivo maintenance, and the off-the-shelf potential move CAR-NK-based therapy superior to CAR-T cells treatment. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the recent genetic manipulations of CAR-NK cell manufacturing regarding different domains of CAR constructs and their following delivery systems into diverse sources of NK cells. Then highlight the preclinical and clinical investigations of CAR-NK cells and examine the current challenges and prospects as an optimistic remedy in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Hojjatipour
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Students Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciecnes, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie Y, Pan R, Wu S, Yang X, Chen F, Sun W, Yu L. Cell repelling agar@paper interface assisted probing of the tumor spheroids infiltrating natural killer cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213507. [PMID: 37354744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-based culture is one of the effective methods to resemble three-dimensional (3D) cells model in vitro. An agar@lens paper hybrid scaffold was prepared by one-pot dip-coating. The lens paper's cellulose fiber networks are the scaffold's backbone. The agar gel seized the gaps between the fibrous structures that can improve the paper scaffold's optical transparency and prevent cells from spreading on the scaffold. The SEM and light microscope images showed that the agar gel on the bottom of the paper and the cellulose fiber of the paper formed micro-well structures. Without staining, the cells growing on the agar@paper scaffold can be directly observed under a light microscope. Cells aggregated between the cellulose fibers and formed spheroids within 24 h. The cell spheroids can be non-enzymatically retrieved from the agar@paper scaffold because of the cell-repelling property of agar. The agar@paper scaffold was applied for co-culturing tumor cells (MDA-MB-231, DU 145) and natural killer cells (NKs, NK-92). Using the agar@paper scaffolds, the tumor-infiltrating NKs can be separated from floating NKs that did not attack the tumor spheroids. The effect of NKs infiltrating on tumor spheroids size was characterized. The results showed that NKs attacking the spheroids grown on agar@paper scaffold can be readily tracked because of the improved optical transparency. Higher NKs: tumor cells ratio resulted in a high percentage of tumor infiltrating NKs. The separated NKs can be further tested to reveal their biological characteristics. Both agar and lens paper is accessible for most biological labs, highlighting the potential of agar@paper scaffold in 3D culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Rong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pfeifer Serrahima J, Zhang C, Oberoi P, Bodden M, Röder J, Arndt C, Feldmann A, Kiefer A, Prüfer M, Kühnel I, Tonn T, Bachmann M, Wels WS. Multivalent adaptor proteins specifically target NK cells carrying a universal chimeric antigen receptor to ErbB2 (HER2)-expressing cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2905-2918. [PMID: 36688995 PMCID: PMC10412657 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune effector cells constitute a promising approach for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, on-target/off-tumor toxicity and immune escape due to antigen loss represent considerable challenges. These may be overcome by adaptor CARs that are selectively triggered by bispecific molecules that crosslink the CAR with a tumor-associated surface antigen. Here, we generated NK cells carrying a first- or second-generation universal CAR (UniCAR) and redirected them to tumor cells with so-called target modules (TMs) which harbor an ErbB2 (HER2)-specific antibody domain for target cell binding and the E5B9 peptide recognized by the UniCAR. To investigate differential effects of the protein design on activity, we developed homodimeric TMs with one, two or three E5B9 peptides per monomer, and binding domains either directly linked or separated by an IgG4 Fc domain. The adaptor molecules were expressed as secreted proteins in Expi293F cells, purified from culture supernatants and their bispecific binding to UniCAR and ErbB2 was confirmed by flow cytometry. In cell killing experiments, all tested TMs redirected NK cell cytotoxicity selectively to ErbB2-positive tumor cells. Nevertheless, we found considerable differences in the extent of specific cell killing depending on TM design and CAR composition, with adaptor proteins carrying two or three E5B9 epitopes being more effective when combined with NK cells expressing the first-generation UniCAR, while the second-generation UniCAR was more active in the presence of TMs with one E5B9 sequence. These results may have important implications for the further development of optimized UniCAR and target module combinations for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pfeifer Serrahima
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Oberoi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malena Bodden
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Röder
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Kiefer
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maren Prüfer
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ines Kühnel
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC) Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Linares CA, Varghese A, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Adeleke S, Sanchez E, Sheriff M, Chargari C, Rassy E, Boussios S. Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13215. [PMID: 37686020 PMCID: PMC10487469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive, primary central nervous system tumours arising from glial cells. Glioblastomas are the most malignant. They are known for their poor prognosis or median overall survival. The current standard of care is overwhelmed by the heterogeneous, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment promoting immune evasion and tumour proliferation. The advent of immunotherapy with its various modalities-immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and chimeric antigen receptor T cells and NK cells-has shown promise. Clinical trials incorporating combination immunotherapies have overcome the microenvironment resistance and yielded promising survival and prognostic benefits. Rolling these new therapies out in the real-world scenario in a low-cost, high-throughput manner is the unmet need of the hour. These will have practice-changing implications to the glioma treatment landscape. Here, we review the immunobiological hallmarks of the TME of gliomas, how the TME evades immunotherapies and the work that is being conducted to overcome this interplay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Linares
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.A.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Anjana Varghese
- Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent ME16 9QQ, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Sola Adeleke
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.A.L.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Matin Sheriff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heim C, Moser LM, Kreyenberg H, Bonig HB, Tonn T, Wels WS, Gradhand E, Ullrich E, Meister MT, Koerkamp MG, Holstege FCP, Drost J, Klusmann JH, Bader P, Merker M, Rettinger E. ErbB2 (HER2)-CAR-NK-92 cells for enhanced immunotherapy of metastatic fusion-driven alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228894. [PMID: 37662907 PMCID: PMC10471977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a challenging tumor entity that evades conventional treatments and endogenous antitumor immune responses, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Applying chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology to natural killer (NK) cells may offer safe, effective, and affordable therapies that enhance cancer immune surveillance. Methods Here, we assess the efficacy of clinically usable CAR-engineered NK cell line NK-92/5.28.z against ErbB2-positive RMS in vitro and in a metastatic xenograft mouse model. Results Our results show that NK-92/5.28.z cells effectively kill RMS cells in vitro and significantly prolong survival and inhibit tumor progression in mice. The persistence of NK-92/5.28.z cells at tumor sites demonstrates efficient antitumor response, which could help overcome current obstacles in the treatment of solid tumors. Discussion These findings encourage further development of NK-92/5.28.z cells as off-the-shelf immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic RMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Heim
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura M. Moser
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, a Partnership Between DKFZ, University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Herman Kreyenberg
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Halvard B. Bonig
- Department of Cellular Therapeutics/Cell Processing, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, a Partnership Between DKFZ, University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, a Partnership Between DKFZ, University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Experimental Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael T. Meister
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marian Groot Koerkamp
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank C. P. Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, a Partnership Between DKFZ, University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Merker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, a Partnership Between DKFZ, University Hospital and Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khawar MB, Gao G, Rafiq M, Shehzadi A, Afzal A, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N, Afzal N, Ashraf MA, Hamid SE, Shahzaman S, Kawish N, Sun H. Breaking down barriers: The potential of smarter CAR-engineered NK cells against solid tumors. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1082-1104. [PMID: 37566723 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be the foremost fighters of our innate immune system against foreign invaders and thus tend to promptly latch onto the virus-infected and tumor/cancerous cells, killing them through phagocytosis. At present, the application of genetically engineered Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) receptors ensures a guaranteed optimistic response with NK cells and would not allow the affected cells to dodge or escape unchecked. Hence the specificity and uniqueness of CAR-NK cells over CAR-T therapy make them a better immunotherapeutic choice to reduce the load of trafficking of numerous tumor cells near the healthy cell populations in a more intact way than offered by CAR-T immunotherapy. Our review mainly focuses on the preclinical, clinical, and recent advances in clinical research trials and further strategies to achieve an augmented and efficient cure against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad B Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and, Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Zoology, Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Guangzhong Gao
- Department of Physiatry, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mussarat Rafiq
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anila Shehzadi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Syeda E Hamid
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzaman
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Kawish
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and, Translational Noncoding RNA Research, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pawlowski KD, Duffy JT, Tiwari A, Zannikou M, Balyasnikova IV. Bi-Specific Killer Cell Engager Enhances NK Cell Activity against Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha-2 Positive Gliomas. Cells 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 37443750 PMCID: PMC10340194 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Bi-specific killer cell engagers (BiKEs) are novel immunotherapies designed to engage natural killer (NK) cells against cancer. We designed a BiKE molecule consisting of a single-domain CD16 antibody, an interleukin-15 linker, and a single-chain variable antibody against the glioma-associated antigen interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Recombinant BiKE protein was expressed in HEK cells and purified. Flow cytometric analysis of co-cultures of peripheral blood-derived NK cells with GBM6 and GBM39 patient-derived xenograft lines revealed significantly increased activation of NK cells (CD25+CD69+) and increased glioma cell killing following BiKE treatment compared to controls (n = 4, p < 0.01). Glioma cell killing was also confirmed via immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05). In vivo, intracranial delivery of NK cells with BiKE extended median survival in mice bearing GBM6 (p < 0.01) and GBM12 (p < 0.01) tumors compared to controls. Finally, histological analysis of brain tissues revealed a higher frequency of peritumoral NK cells in mice treated with BiKE than with NK cells alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate that a BiKE generated in a mammalian expression system is functional in augmenting NK cell targeting of IL13Rα2-positive gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Pawlowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arushi Tiwari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rončević A, Koruga N, Soldo Koruga A, Rončević R, Rotim T, Šimundić T, Kretić D, Perić M, Turk T, Štimac D. Personalized Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current State and Future Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1579. [PMID: 37371674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glial tumor of the central nervous system. Despite intense scientific efforts, patients diagnosed with GBM and treated with the current standard of care have a median survival of only 15 months. Patients are initially treated by a neurosurgeon with the goal of maximal safe resection of the tumor. Obtaining tissue samples during surgery is indispensable for the diagnosis of GBM. Technological improvements, such as navigation systems and intraoperative monitoring, significantly advanced the possibility of safe gross tumor resection. Usually within six weeks after the surgery, concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide are initiated. However, current radiotherapy regimens are based on population-level studies and could also be improved. Implementing artificial intelligence in radiotherapy planning might be used to individualize treatment plans. Furthermore, detailed genetic and molecular markers of the tumor could provide patient-tailored immunochemotherapy. In this article, we review current standard of care and possibilities of personalizing these treatments. Additionally, we discuss novel individualized therapeutic options with encouraging results. Due to inherent heterogeneity of GBM, applying patient-tailored treatment could significantly prolong survival of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Rončević
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nenad Koruga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Soldo Koruga
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Rončević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Rotim
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tihana Šimundić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kretić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Perić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cytology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tajana Turk
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Štimac
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiology, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wan S, Zhang G, Liu R, Abbas MN, Cui H. Pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy cross-talk in glioblastoma opens up new avenues for glioblastoma treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:115. [PMID: 37208730 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a common primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) being the most malignant, aggressive, and drug resistant. Most drugs are designed to induce cancer cell death, either directly or indirectly, but malignant tumor cells can always evade death and continue to proliferate, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. This reflects our limited understanding of the complex regulatory network that cancer cells utilize to avoid death. In addition to classical apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy are recognized as key cell death modalities that play significant roles in tumor progression. Various inducers or inhibitors have been discovered to target the related molecules in these pathways, and some of them have already been translated into clinical treatment. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of inducing or inhibiting pyroptosis, ferroptosis, or autophagy in GBM, which are important for treatment or drug tolerance. We also discussed their links with apoptosis to better understand the mutual regulatory network among different cell death processes. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Segura-Collar B, Hiller-Vallina S, de Dios O, Caamaño-Moreno M, Mondejar-Ruescas L, Sepulveda-Sanchez JM, Gargini R. Advanced immunotherapies for glioblastoma: tumor neoantigen vaccines in combination with immunomodulators. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:79. [PMID: 37165457 PMCID: PMC10171733 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial-origin brain tumors, including glioblastomas (GBM), have one of the worst prognoses due to their rapid and fatal progression. From an oncological point of view, advances in complete surgical resection fail to eliminate the entire tumor and the remaining cells allow a rapid recurrence, which does not respond to traditional therapeutic treatments. Here, we have reviewed new immunotherapy strategies in association with the knowledge of the immune micro-environment. To understand the best lines for the future, we address the advances in the design of neoantigen vaccines and possible new immune modulators. Recently, the efficacy and availability of vaccine development with different formulations, especially liposome plus mRNA vaccines, has been observed. We believe that the application of new strategies used with mRNA vaccines in combination with personalized medicine (guided by different omic's strategies) could give good results in glioma therapy. In addition, a large part of the possible advances in new immunotherapy strategies focused on GBM may be key improving current therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), given the fact that this type of tumor has been highly refractory to ICI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Segura-Collar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hiller-Vallina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaya de Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, UFIEC, 28222, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Caamaño-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Mondejar-Ruescas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Sepulveda-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Montemurro N, Pahwa B, Tayal A, Shukla A, De Jesus Encarnacion M, Ramirez I, Nurmukhametov R, Chavda V, De Carlo A. Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastoma as a Prognostic Factor in the Synergistic System of the Tumor Microenvironment. Neurol Int 2023; 15:595-608. [PMID: 37218976 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Ever more recent papers are focusing on understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in affecting tumorigenesis and the subsequent prognosis. We assessed the impact of macrophages in the TME on the prognosis in patients with recurrent GBM. A PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus review was conducted to identify all studies dealing with macrophages in the GBM microenvironment from January 2016 to December 2022. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) act critically in enhancing tumor progression and can alter drug resistance, promoting resistance to radiotherapy and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. M1 macrophages are characterized by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-27, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), CCL2, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IGF1, that can lead to the destruction of the tissue. In contrast, M2 is supposed to participate in immunosuppression and tumor progression, which is formed after being exposed to the macrophage M-CSF, IL-10, IL-35 and the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-β). Because there is currently no standard of care in recurrent GBM, novel identified targeted therapies based on the complex signaling and interactions between the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the TME, especially resident microglia and bone-marrow-derived macrophages, may be helpful in improving the overall survival of these patients in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bhavya Pahwa
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anish Tayal
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anushruti Shukla
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | | | - Issael Ramirez
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Renat Nurmukhametov
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 121359 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antonella De Carlo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fares J, Davis ZB, Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Miller JS, Khatua S. Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:17. [PMID: 36792722 PMCID: PMC9932101 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zachary B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Xie B, Huang M, Zhang J, Shen L, Long W, Liu Q. Prognostic RNA-editing signature predicts immune functions and therapy responses in gliomas. Front Genet 2023; 14:1120354. [PMID: 36845382 PMCID: PMC9945230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1120354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA-editing refers to post-transcriptional transcript alterations that lead to the formation of protein isoforms and the progression of various tumors. However, little is known about its roles in gliomas. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify prognosis-related RNA-editing sites (PREs) in glioma, and to explore their specific effects on glioma and potential mechanisms of action. Methods: Glioma genomic and clinical data were obtained from TCGA database and SYNAPSE platform. The PREs was identified with regression analyses and the corresponding prognostic model was evaluated with survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes between risk groups was performed to explore action mechanisms. The CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, gene set variation analysis, and ESTIMATE algorithms were employed to assess the association between PREs risk score and variations of tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immune responses. The maftools and pRRophetic packages were used to evaluate tumor mutation burden and predict drug sensitivity. Results: A total of thirty-five RNA-editing sites were identified as prognosis-related in glioma. Functional enrichment implied variation of immune-related pathways between groups. Notably, glioma samples with higher PREs risk score exhibited higher immune score, lower tumor purity, increased infiltration of macrophage and regulatory T cells, suppressed NK cell activation, elevated immune function score, upregulated immune checkpoint gene expression, and higher tumor mutation burden, all of which implied worse response to immune therapy. Finally, high-risk glioma samples are more sensitive to Z-LLNle-CHO and temozolomide, while the low-risk ones respond better to Lisitinib. Conclusion: We identified a PREs signature of thirty-five RNA editing sites and calculated their corresponding risk coefficients. Higher total signature risk score indicates worse prognosis and worse immune response and lower sensitivity to immune therapy. The novel PREs signature could help risk stratification, immunotherapy response prediction, individualized treatment strategy-making for glioma patients, and development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingshu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Dengzhou, Dengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenyong Long, ; Qing Liu,
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenyong Long, ; Qing Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duro-Sánchez S, Alonso MR, Arribas J. Immunotherapies against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041069. [PMID: 36831412 PMCID: PMC9954045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. HER2-positive breast cancer, which represents 15-20% of all cases, is characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 receptor. Despite the variety of treatments available for HER2-positive breast cancer, both targeted and untargeted, many patients do not respond to therapy and relapse and eventually metastasize, with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic approaches aim to enhance the antitumor immune response to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Several immunotherapies have been approved for solid tumors, but their utility for HER2-positive breast cancer has yet to be confirmed. In this review, we examine the different immunotherapeutic strategies being tested in HER2-positive breast cancer, from long-studied cancer vaccines to immune checkpoint blockade, which targets immune checkpoints in both T cells and tumor cells, as well as the promising adoptive cell therapy in various forms. We discuss how some of these new approaches may contribute to the prevention of tumor progression and be used after standard-of-care therapies for resistant HER2-positive breast tumors, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each. We conclude that immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of HER2-positive tumors, with the potential to completely eradicate tumor cells and prevent the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Duro-Sánchez
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pineda E, Domenech M, Hernández A, Comas S, Balaña C. Recurrent Glioblastoma: Ongoing Clinical Challenges and Future Prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:71-86. [PMID: 36721854 PMCID: PMC9884437 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s366371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all glioblastomas treated in the first-line setting will recur in a short period of time, and the search for alternative effective treatments has so far been unsuccessful. Various obstacles remain unresolved, and no effective salvage therapy for recurrent glioblastoma can be envisaged in the short term. One of the main impediments to progress is the low incidence of the disease itself in comparison with other pathologies, which will be made even lower by the recent WHO classification of gliomas, which includes molecular alterations. This new classification helps refine patient prognosis but does not clarify the most appropriate treatment. Other impediments are related to clinical trials: glioblastoma patients are often excluded from trials due to their advanced age and limiting neurological symptoms; there is also the question of how best to measure treatment efficacy, which conditions the design of trials and can affect the acceptance of results by oncologists and medicine agencies. Other obstacles are related to the drugs themselves: most treatments cannot cross the blood-brain-barrier or the brain-to-tumor barrier to reach therapeutic drug levels in the tumor without producing toxicity; the drugs under study may have adverse metabolic interactions with those required for symptom control; identifying the target of the drug can be a complex issue. Additionally, the optimal method of treatment - local vs systemic therapy, the choice of chemotherapy, irradiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination thereof - is not yet clear in glioblastoma in comparison with other cancers. Finally, in addition to curing or stabilizing the disease, glioblastoma therapy should aim at maintaining the neurological status of the patients to enable them to return to their previous lifestyle. Here we review currently available treatments, obstacles in the search for new treatments, and novel lines of research that show promise for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Pineda
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domenech
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Hernández
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Comas
- Radiation Oncology, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmen Balaña
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain,Correspondence: Carmen Balaña, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Carretera Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Spain, Tel +34 497 89 25, Fax +34 497 89 50, Email
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tran TAT, Kim YH, Duong THO, Thangaraj J, Chu TH, Jung S, Kim IY, Moon KS, Kim YJ, Lee TK, Lee CW, Yun H, Lee JJ, Lee HJ, Lee KH, Jung TY. Natural killer cell therapy potentially enhances the antitumor effects of bevacizumab plus irinotecan in a glioblastoma mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1009484. [PMID: 36703992 PMCID: PMC9871756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various combination treatments have been considered to attain the effective therapy threshold by combining independent antitumor mechanisms against the heterogeneous characteristics of tumor cells in malignant brain tumors. In this study, the natural killer (NK) cells associated with bevacizumab (Bev) plus irinotecan (Iri) against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were investigated. For the experimental design, NK cells were expanded and activated by K562 cells expressing the OX40 ligand and membrane-bound IL-18 and IL-21. The effects of Bev and Iri on the proliferation and NK ligand expression of GBM cells were evaluated through MTT assay and flow cytometry. The cytotoxic effects of NK cells against Bev plus Iri-treated GBM cells were also predicted via the LDH assay in vitro. The therapeutic effect of different injected NK cell routes and numbers combined with the different doses of Bev and Iri was confirmed according to tumor size and survival in the subcutaneous (s.c) and intracranial (i.c) U87 xenograft NOD/SCID IL-12Rγnull mouse model. The presence of injected-NK cells in tumors was detected using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry ex vivo. As a result, Iri was found to affect the proliferation and NK ligand expression of GBM cells, while Bev did not cause differences in these cellular processes. However, the administration of Bev modulated Iri efficacy in the i.c U87 mouse model. NK cells significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects against Bev plus Iri-treated GBM cells in vitro. Although the intravenous (IV) injection of NK cells in combination with Bev plus Iri significantly reduced the tumor volume in the s.c U87 mouse model, only the direct intratumorally (IT) injection of NK cells in combination with Bev plus Iri elicited delayed tumor growth in the i.c U87 mouse model. Tumor-infiltrating NK cells were detected after IV injection of NK cells in both s.c and i.c U87 mouse models. In conclusion, the potential therapeutic effect of NK cells combined with Bev plus Iri against GBM cells was limited in this study. Accordingly, further research is required to improve the accessibility and strength of NK cell function in this combination treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Anh-Thuy Tran
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Hoang-Oanh Duong
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - JayaLakshmi Thangaraj
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan-Huy Chu
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyu Lee
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Young Jung, ; Kyung-Hwa Lee,
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Young Jung, ; Kyung-Hwa Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Klingemann H. The NK-92 cell line-30 years later: its impact on natural killer cell research and treatment of cancer. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:451-457. [PMID: 36610812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The NK-92 cell line, established in 1992, mirrors all the characteristics of highly active blood natural killer (NK) cells but with much broader and greater cytotoxicity. The cell line was established from the blood cells of a patient with lymphoma and has been made widely available for research since it was deposited into the American Type Culture Collection in 1998. The worldwide distribution of NK-92 cells has led to a plethora of scientific discoveries that have greatly increased the understanding of NK-cell biology. NK-92 cells also have been developed for clinical use, overcoming the challenges of obtaining and expanding NK cells from donor or patient blood. More than 100 patients with cancer have now been treated all over the world with unmodified or genetically engineered NK-92 cells. Modified cells include high-affinity Fc-receptor expressing NK-92 cells (haNKR) and various chimeric antigen receptor targeted haNK cells (t-haNKTM). Infusions of either unmodified or modified NK-92 cells have been reported to be safe and efficacious, leading in some cases to disease remission even in patients who had failed multiple previous lines of therapy. It is the purpose of this review to distill the plethora of scientific data on NK-92 cells and its genetic variants, highlighting relevant experimental findings that have contributed to a better understanding of NK cell biology and summarize the therapeutic potential of these cells for treatment of cancer and infections.
Collapse
|
32
|
Strecker M, Wlotzka K, Strassheimer F, Roller B, Ludmirski G, König S, Röder J, Opitz C, Alekseeva T, Reul J, Sevenich L, Tonn T, Wels W, Steinbach J, Buchholz C, Burger M. AAV-mediated gene transfer of a checkpoint inhibitor in combination with HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells as experimental therapy for glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2127508. [PMID: 36249274 PMCID: PMC9559045 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2127508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumor, which is characterized by low immunogenicity of tumor cells and prevalent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeted local combination immunotherapy is a promising strategy to overcome these obstacles. Here, we evaluated tumor-cell specific delivery of an anti-PD-1 immunoadhesin (aPD-1) via a targeted adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) as well as HER2-specific NK-92/5.28.z (anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92) cells as components for a combination immunotherapy. In co-culture experiments, target-activated anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cells modified surrounding tumor cells and bystander immune cells by triggering the release of inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of PD-L1. Tumor cell-specific delivery of aPD-1 was achieved by displaying a HER2-specific designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) on the AAV surface. HER2-AAV mediated gene transfer into GB cells correlated with HER2 expression levels, without inducing anti-viral responses in transduced cells. Furthermore, AAV-transduction did not interfere with anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. After selective transduction of HER2+ cells, aPD-1 expression was detected at the mRNA and protein level. The aPD-1 immunoadhesin was secreted in a time-dependent manner, bound its target on PD-1-expressing cells and was able to re-activate T cells by efficiently disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Moreover, high intratumoral and low systemic aPD-1 concentrations were achieved following local injection of HER2-AAV into orthotopic tumor grafts in vivo. aPD-1 was selectively produced in tumor tissue and could be detected up to 10 days after a single HER2-AAV injection. In subcutaneous GL261-HER2 and Tu2449-HER2 immunocompetent mouse models, administration of the combination therapy significantly prolonged survival, including complete tumor control in several animals in the GL261-HER2 model. In summary, local therapy with aPD-1 encoding HER2-AAVs in combination with anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cells may be a promising novel strategy for GB immunotherapy with the potential to enhance efficacy and reduce systemic side effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.I. Strecker
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K. Wlotzka
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F. Strassheimer
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B. Roller
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G. Ludmirski
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S. König
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Röder
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. Opitz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Alekseeva
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Reul
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Langen, Germany
| | - L. Sevenich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T. Tonn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W.S. Wels
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J.P. Steinbach
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C.J. Buchholz
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Langen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M.C. Burger
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang L, Chen X, Zhang L, Niu B, Li L, Sun Y, Yuan X. CAR cell design strategies in solid tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Aggarwal P, Luo W, Pehlivan KC, Hoang H, Rajappa P, Cripe TP, Cassady KA, Lee DA, Cairo MS. Pediatric versus adult high grade glioma: Immunotherapeutic and genomic considerations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038096. [PMID: 36483545 PMCID: PMC9722734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are identified as malignant central nervous tumors that spread rapidly and have a universally poor prognosis. Historically high grade gliomas in the pediatric population have been treated similarly to adult high grade gliomas. For the first time, the most recent classification of central nervous system tumors by World Health Organization has divided adult from pediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas, underscoring the biologic differences between these tumors in different age groups. The objective of our review is to compare high grade gliomas in the adult versus pediatric patient populations, highlighting similarities and differences in epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. High grade gliomas in adults versus children have varying clinical presentations, molecular biology background, and response to chemotherapy, as well as unique molecular targets. However, increasing evidence show that they both respond to recently developed immunotherapies. This review summarizes the distinctions and commonalities between the two in disease pathogenesis and response to therapeutic interventions with a focus on immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Hai Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A. Cassady
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mitchell S. Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Mitchell S. Cairo,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang X, Lu Z, He M, Feng Y, Yu S, Shen B, Lu J, Wu P, Pan B, Ding H, Chen C, Sun Y. A Prognostic Risk Model of a Novel Oxidative Stress-Related Signature Predicts Clinical Prognosis and Demonstrates Immune Relevancy in Lung Adenocarcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2262014. [PMID: 36439693 PMCID: PMC9699774 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2262014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is among the most prevalent malignant lung cancers with a poor prognosis due to high invasiveness and lethality despite multiple treatments. Since the lung is an important organ associated with oxidative stress, and it has been confirmed that oxidative stress represents a potential cancer-specific depletion, it is of important significance to investigate and evaluate the clinical value of oxidative stress mechanisms regulating tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, there are few studies on the impact of the microenvironment on reaction to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with LUAD. Based on the TCGA-LUAD dataset, which is stratified into a training set as well as a validation set in a ratio of 2 : 1, this investigation constructs and validates a prognostic predictive power of a gene signature model of oxidative stress-related prognostic signatures. To ascertain the differences between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and patients' response to ICI therapy. This oxidative stress-related prognostic gene signature is composed of MAP3K19 and NTSR1 and is an independent prognosis-related factor in the LUAD group. The outcome of patients having a low risk score is better, and the difference was statistically significant, and individuals with a low risk score had a larger number of infiltrating immune cell distribution in the tumor microenvironment, which was closely related to clinical outcome. Our study suggests that the synergistic effect of oxidative stress-related prognostic gene markers-MAP3K19 and NTSR1 has clinical significance in the prognosis identification and immunotherapy of LUAD patients. Thus, the results may help to better intersect the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in clinical value in LUAD but requires prospective validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Min He
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yipeng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaorong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Banzhou Pan
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hanlin Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xiao J, Zhang T, Gao F, Zhou Z, Shu G, Zou Y, Yin G. Natural Killer Cells: A Promising Kit in the Adoptive Cell Therapy Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225657. [PMID: 36428748 PMCID: PMC9688567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells have gained increasing attention in adoptive cell therapy for their safety and efficacious tumor-killing effect. Unlike T cells which rely on the interaction between TCRs and specific peptide-MHC complexes, NK cells are more prone to be served as "off-the-shelf" cell therapy products due to their rapid recognition and killing of tumor cells without MHC restriction. In recent years, constantly emerging sources of therapeutic NK cells have provided flexible options for cancer immunotherapy. Advanced genetic engineering techniques, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modification, have yielded exciting effectiveness in enhancing NK cell specificity and cytotoxicity, improving in vivo persistence, and overcoming immunosuppressive factors derived from tumors. In this review, we highlight current advances in NK-based adoptive cell therapy, including alternative sources of NK cells for adoptive infusion, various CAR modifications that confer different targeting specificity to NK cells, multiple genetic engineering strategies to enhance NK cell function, as well as the latest clinical research on adoptive NK cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hosseinalizadeh H, Habibi Roudkenar M, Mohammadi Roushandeh A, Kuwahara Y, Tomita K, Sato T. Natural killer cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:113. [PMID: 36305981 PMCID: PMC9616998 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat because GBM has the high therapeutic resistance. Recently, immunotherapies for GBM have been used instead of conventional treatments. Among them, Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has the potential to treat GBM due to its properties such as the absence of restriction by antigen-antibody reaction and deep penetration into the tumor microenvironment. Especially, genetically engineered NK cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells, dual antigen-targeting CAR NK cells, and adapter chimeric antigen receptor NK cells are considered to be an important tool for GBM immunotherapy. Therefore, this review describes the recent efforts of NK cell-based immunotherapy in GBM patients. We also describe key receptors expressing on NK cells such as killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, CD16, and natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2DL) receptor and discuss the function and importance of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lorenzo‐Herrero S, Sordo‐Bahamonde C, Martínez‐Pérez A, Corte‐Torres MD, Fernández‐Vega I, Solís‐Hernández MP, González S. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 blockade restores antitumor immune responses in glioblastoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:48-62. [PMID: 36082628 PMCID: PMC9807525 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stands as the most frequent primary brain tumor. Despite the multimodal therapy for glioblastoma patients, the survival rate is very low, highlighting the need for novel therapies that improve patient outcomes. Immune checkpoint blockade strategies are achieving promising results in a myriad of tumors and several studies have reported its efficacy in glioblastoma at a preclinical level. ILT2 is a novel immune checkpoint that exerts an inhibitory effect via the interaction with classical and non-classical HLA class-I molecules. Herein, we report that ILT2 blockade promotes antitumor responses against glioblastoma. In silico and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of ILT2 and its ligands HLA-A, -B, -C, and -E are highly expressed in patients with glioblastoma. Disruption of ILT2 with blocking monoclonal antibodies increased natural killer cell-mediated IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity against glioblastoma, partially reverting the immunosuppression linked to this malignancy. In addition, co-treatment with temozolomide strengthened the antitumor capacity of anti-ILT2-treated immune cells. Collectively, our results establish the basis for future studies regarding the clinical potential of ILT2 blockade alone or in combination regimens in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo‐Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, ImmunologyUniversidad de OviedoOviedoSpain,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Christian Sordo‐Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, ImmunologyUniversidad de OviedoOviedoSpain,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Alejandra Martínez‐Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, ImmunologyUniversidad de OviedoOviedoSpain,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Mª. Daniela Corte‐Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain,Biobanco del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
| | - Iván Fernández‐Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain,Biobanco del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain,Department of PathologyHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
| | | | - Segundo González
- Department of Functional Biology, ImmunologyUniversidad de OviedoOviedoSpain,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aktas B, Fehm TN, Welslau M, Müller V, Lüftner D, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Janni W, Thomssen C, Witzel I, Belleville E, Untch M, Thill M, Tesch H, Ditsch N, Lux MP, Banys-Paluchowski M, Kolberg-Liedtke C, Hartkopf AD, Wöckel A, Kolberg HC, Stickeler E, Harbeck N, Schneeweiss A. Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 4 - Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:922-931. [PMID: 36110891 PMCID: PMC9470282 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of patients with advanced HER2-negative hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, several substances have been introduced into practice in recent years. In addition, other drugs are under development. A number of studies have been published over the past year which have shown either an advantage for progression-free survival or for overall survival. This review summarizes the latest results, which have been published at current congresses or in specialist journals, and classifies them in the clinical treatment context. In particular, the importance of therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors - trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan and capivasertib - is discussed. For trastuzumab deruxtecan, an overall survival benefit in HER2-negative breast cancer with low HER2 expression (HER2-low expression) was reported in the Destiny-Breast-04 study. Similarly, there was an overall survival benefit in the FAKTION study with capivasertib. The lack of overall survival benefit for palbociclib in the first line of therapy raises the question of clinical classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Immanuel Hospital Märkische Schweiz & Medical University of Brandenburg Theodor-Fontane, Brandenburg, Buckow, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Diakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus Speyer, Speyer, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Untch
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Thill
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, St. Vincenz Krankenhaus GmbH, Germany
| | - Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lou H, Cao X. Antibody variable region engineering for improving cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:804-827. [PMID: 35822503 PMCID: PMC9456695 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and specificity of conventional monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs in the clinic require further improvement. Currently, the development and application of novel antibody formats for improving cancer immunotherapy have attracted much attention. Variable region-retaining antibody fragments, such as antigen-binding fragment (Fab), single-chain variable fragment (scFv), bispecific antibody, and bi/trispecific cell engagers, are engineered with humanization, multivalent antibody construction, affinity optimization and antibody masking for targeting tumor cells and killer cells to improve antibody-based therapy potency, efficacy and specificity. In this review, we summarize the application of antibody variable region engineering and discuss the future direction of antibody engineering for improving cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7DRUK
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FZUK
- Department of ImmunologyCentre for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100005P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Razeghian E, Kameh MC, Shafiee S, Khalafi F, Jafari F, Asghari M, Kazemi K, Ilkhani S, Shariatzadeh S, Haj-Mirzaian A. The role of the natural killer (NK) cell modulation in breast cancer incidence and progress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10935-10948. [PMID: 36008609 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the immune system on tumor surveillance has been investigated for many years, and its impact on controlling tumor progression has been verified. An important subgroup of the innate immune system is natural killer (NK) cells, whose essential function in modulating tumor behavior and suppressing metastasis and tumor growth has been demonstrated. The first idea of NK cells' crucial biological processes was demonstrated through their potent ability to conduct direct cellular cytotoxicity, even without former sensitization. These properties of NK cells allow them to recognize transformed cells that have attenuated self-ligand and express stress-induced ligands. Furthermore, secretion of various cytokines and chemokines after their activation leads to tumor elimination via either direct cytotoxic effect on malignant cells or activation of the adaptive immune system. In addition, novel immunotherapeutic approaches tend to take advantage of NK cells' ability, leading to antibody-based approaches, the formation of engineered CAR-NK cells, and adoptive cell transfer. However, the restricted functionality of NK cells and the inability to infiltrate tumors are its blind spots in breast cancer patients. In this review, we gathered newly acquired data on the biology and functions of NK cells in breast cancer and proposed ways to employ this knowledge for novel therapeutic approaches in cancers, particularly breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Chahar Kameh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fehimeh Jafari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kazemi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
To kill a cancer: Targeting the immune inhibitory checkpoint molecule, B7-H3. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188783. [PMID: 36028149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the anti-tumor immune response via the B7 family of immune-regulatory checkpoint proteins has revolutionized cancer treatment and resulted in punctuated responses in patients. B7-H3 has gained recent attention given its prominent deregulation and immunomodulatory role in a multitude of cancers. Numerous cancer studies have firmly established a strong link between deregulated B7-H3 expression and poorer outcomes. B7-H3 has been shown to augment cancer cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance by inducing an immune evasive phenotype through its effects on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cancer cells, cancer-associated vasculature, and the stroma. Given the complex interplay between each of these components of the tumor microenvironment, a deeper understanding of B7-H3 signaling properties is inherently crucial to developing efficacious therapies that can target and inhibit these cancer-promoting interactions. This review delves into the various ways B7-H3 acts as an immunomodulator to facilitate immune evasion and promote tumor growth and spread. With post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications giving rise to different active isoforms coupled with recent discoveries of its putative receptors, B7-H3 can perform diverse functions. Here, we first discuss the dual co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory functions of B7-H3 in the context of normal physiology and cancer. We then discuss the crosstalk facilitated by B7-H3 between stromal components and tumor cells that promote tumor growth and metastasis in different populations of tumor cells, associated vasculature, and the stroma. Concurrently, we highlight therapeutic strategies that can exploit these interactions and their associated limitations, concluding with a special focus on the promise of next-gen in silico-based approaches to small molecule inhibitor drug discovery for B7-H3 that may mitigate these limitations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang G, Wang W. Advanced Cell Therapies for Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904133. [PMID: 36052072 PMCID: PMC9425637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheer ubiquity of Gioblastoma (GBM) cases would lead you to believe that there should have been many opportunities for the discovery of treatments to successfully render it into remission. Unfortunately, its persistent commonality is due in large part to the fact that it is the most treatment-resistant tumors in adults. That completely changes the treatment plan of attack. Long established and accepted treatment therapies such as surgical resection, radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy, (and any combination thereof) have only confirmed that the disease lives up to its treatment-resistant reputation. To add to the seemingly insurmountable task of finding a cure, GBM has also proven to be a very stubborn and formidable opponent to newer immunotherapies. Across the board, regardless of the therapy combination, the five-year survival rate of GBM patients is still very poor at a heartbreaking 5.6%. Obviously, the present situation cannot be tolerated or deemed acceptable. The grave situation calls for researchers to be more innovative and find more efficient strategies to discover new and successful strategies to treat GBM. Inspired by researchers worldwide attempting to control GBM, we provide in this review a comprehensive overview of the many diverse cell therapies currently being used to treat GBM. An overview of the treatments include: CAR T cells, CAR NK cells, gamma-delta T cells, NKT cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, as well stem cell-based strategies. To give you the complete picture, we will discuss the efficacy, safety, and developmental stages, the mechanisms of action and the challenges of each of these therapies and detail their potential to be the next-generation immunotherapeutic to eliminate this dreadful disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Wang
- BlueRock Therapeutics, Department of Process Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wenshi Wang, ; Guangwen Wang,
| | - Wenshi Wang
- Metagenomi Inc., Department of Cell Therapy, Emeryville, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wenshi Wang, ; Guangwen Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Circular EZH2-encoded EZH2-92aa mediates immune evasion in glioblastoma via inhibition of surface NKG2D ligands. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4795. [PMID: 35970825 PMCID: PMC9378736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumour and is resistant to nearly all available treatments, including natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy. However, the factors mediating NK cell evasion in GBM remain largely unclear. Here, we report that EZH2-92aa, a protein encoded by circular EZH2, is overexpressed in GBM and induces the immune evasion of GBM stem cells (GSCs) from NK cells. Positively regulated by DEAD-box helicase 3 (DDX3), EZH2-92aa directly binds the major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A/B (MICA/B) promoters and represses their transcription; it also indirectly represses UL16-binding protein (ULBP) transcription by stabilizing EZH2. The downregulation of NK group 2D ligands (NKG2DLs, including MICA/B and ULBPs) in GSCs mediates NK cell resistance. Moreover, stable EZH2-92aa knockdown enhances NK cell-mediated GSC eradication in vitro and in vivo and synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy. Our results highlight the immunosuppressive function of EZH2-92aa in inhibiting the NK cell response in GBM and the clinical potential of targeting EZH2-92aa for NK-cell-directed immune therapy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor, frequently resistant to therapies, including natural killer (NK) cell based immunotherapy. Here, the authors show that the circular RNA EZH2 is highly expressed in GBM and encodes the peptide EZH2-92aa, whose expression is associated with inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zeng Q, Liu Z, Niu T, He C, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology in CAR-T-cell immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
47
|
Jogalekar MP, Rajendran RL, Khan F, Dmello C, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. CAR T-Cell-Based gene therapy for cancers: new perspectives, challenges, and clinical developments. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925985. [PMID: 35936003 PMCID: PMC9355792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a progressive new pillar in immune cell therapy for cancer. It has yielded remarkable clinical responses in patients with B-cell leukemia or lymphoma. Unfortunately, many challenges remain to be addressed to overcome its ineffectiveness in the treatment of other hematological and solidtumor malignancies. The major hurdles of CAR T-cell therapy are the associated severe life-threatening toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and limited anti-tumor efficacy. In this review, we briefly discuss cancer immunotherapy and the genetic engineering of T cells and, In detail, the current innovations in CAR T-cell strategies to improve efficacy in treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, we also discuss the current challenges in CAR T-cell therapy and new CAR T-cell-derived nanovesicle therapy. Finally, strategies to overcome the current clinical challenges associated with CAR T-cell therapy are included as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Prakash Gangadaran, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Prakash Gangadaran, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sagnella SM, White AL, Yeo D, Saxena P, van Zandwijk N, Rasko JEJ. Locoregional delivery of CAR-T cells in the clinic. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106329. [PMID: 35772645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies utilizing T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have garnered significant interest due to their clinical success in hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, this success has not been replicated in solid tumors, with only a small fraction of patients achieving complete responses. A number of obstacles to effective CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors have been identified including tumor antigen heterogeneity, poor T cell fitness and persistence, inefficient trafficking and inability to penetrate into the tumor, immune-related adverse events due to on-target/off-tumor toxicity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Many preclinical studies have focused on improvements to CAR design to try to overcome some of these hurdles. However, a growing body of work has also focused on the use of local and/or regional delivery of CAR-T cells as a means to overcome poor T cell trafficking and inefficient T cell penetration into tumors. Most trials that incorporate locoregional delivery of CAR-T cells have targeted tumors of the central nervous system - repurposing an Ommaya/Rickham reservoir for repeated delivery of cells directly to the tumor cavity or ventricles. Hepatic artery infusion is another technique used for locoregional delivery to hepatic tumors. Locoregional delivery theoretically permits increased numbers of CAR-T cells within the tumor while reducing the risk of immune-related systemic toxicity. Studies to date have been almost exclusively phase I. The growing body of evidence indicates that locoregional delivery of CAR-T cells is both safe and feasible. This review focuses specifically on the use of locoregional delivery of CAR-T cells in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Sagnella
- Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Amy L White
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Dannel Yeo
- Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Payal Saxena
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Michels A, Ho N, Buchholz CJ. Precision Medicine: In Vivo CAR Therapy as a Showcase for Receptor-Targeted Vector Platforms. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2401-2415. [PMID: 35598048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a cancer immunotherapy of extremes: Unprecedentedly effective, but complex and costly to manufacture, they are not yet a therapeutic option for all who would benefit. This disparity has motivated worldwide efforts to simplify treatment. Among the proposed solutions, the generation of CAR T cells directly in the patient, i.e. in vivo, is arguably simultaneously the most technically challenging and clinically useful approach to convert CAR therapy from a cell-based autologous medicinal product into a universally applicable off-the-shelf treatment. Here we review the current state-of-the-art of in vivo CAR therapy, focusing especially on the vector technologies used. These cover lentiviral vectors, adenovirus-associated vectors as well as synthetic polymer nanocarriers and lipid nanoparticles. Proof-of-concept, i.e. the generation of CAR cells directly in mouse models, has been demonstrated for all vector platforms. Receptor-targeting of vector particles is crucial, as it can prevent CAR gene delivery into off-target cells, thus reducing toxicities. We discuss the properties of the vector platforms, such as their immunogenicity, potency, and modes of CAR delivery (permanent versus transient). Finally, we outline the work required to advance in vivo CAR therapy from proof-of-concept to a robust, scalable technology for clinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michels
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Naphang Ho
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany;; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Infiltrating natural killer cells bind, lyse and increase chemotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma stem-like tumorospheres. Commun Biol 2022; 5:436. [PMID: 35538218 PMCID: PMC9090761 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas remain the most lethal primary brain tumors. Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of glioblastomas, since these cells can select and lyse therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs). Immunotherapy with super-charged NK cells has a potential as antitumor approach since we found their efficiency to kill patient-derived GSLCs in 2D and 3D models, potentially reversing the immunosuppression also seen in the patients. In addition to their potent cytotoxicity, NK cells secrete IFN-γ, upregulate GSLC surface expression of CD54 and MHC class I and increase sensitivity of GSLCs to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, NK cell localization in peri-vascular regions in glioblastoma tissues and their close contact with GSLCs in tumorospheres suggests their ability to infiltrate glioblastoma tumors and target GSLCs. Due to GSLC heterogeneity and plasticity in regards to their stage of differentiation personalized immunotherapeutic strategies should be designed to effectively target glioblastomas. “Super-charged” NK cells kill patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in 2D and 3D tumor models, secrete IFN-γ and upregulate the surface expression of CD54 and MHC class I in GSLCs.
Collapse
|