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Wang J, Liu J, Yuan C, Yang B, Pang H, Chen K, Feng J, Deng Y, Zhang X, Li W, Wang C, Xie J, Zhang J. Palmitic acid-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway is involved in the crosstalk between bone marrow adipocytes and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38221626 PMCID: PMC10789002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced abnormal bone marrow microenvironment is one of the important risk element for bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to determine whether obesity-induced elevation in palmitic acid (PA), which is the most abundant of the free fatty acids (FFAs), increased CCL2 via the GPRs/KLF7 pathway in bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) to facilitate PCa growth and metastasis. METHODS We constructed a bone-tumor bearing mouse model with obesity through high-fat diet, and observed the tumor formation ability of PCa cells. In vitro, observe the effect of PA on the expression level of CCL2 in BMA through GPRs/KLF7 signaling pathway. After co-culture of BMA and PCa cells, CCK8 assay and transwell experiment were used to detect the changes in biological behavior of PCa cells stimulated by BMA. RESULTS The BMA distribution in the bone marrow cavity of BALB/c nude mice fed with the high-fat diet (HFD) was evidently higher than that in the mice fed with the normal diet (ND). Moreover, HFD-induced obesity promoted KLF7/CCL2 expression in BMA and PCa cell growth in the bone marrow cavity of the mice. In the vitro experiment, a conditioned medium with increased CCL2 obtained from the BMA cultured with PA (CM-BMA-PA) was used for culturing the PCa cell lines, which evidently enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability. KLF7 significantly increased the CCL2 expression and secretion levels in BMA by targeting the promoter region of the CCL2 gene. In addition, GPR40/120 engaged in the PA-induced high KLF7/CCL2 levels in BMA to facilitate the malignant progression of PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS PA-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway in BMA facilitates prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bingqi Yang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huai Pang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Sun W, Yue J, Xu T, Cui Y, Huang D, Shi H, Xiong J, Sun W, Yi Q. Xanthohumol alleviates palmitate-induced inflammation and prevents osteoarthritis progression by attenuating mitochondria dysfunction/NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21282. [PMID: 37964828 PMCID: PMC10641167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease worldwide. Obesity has been linked to OA, and increased free fatty acid levels (e.g., palmitate) contribute to inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation. Xanthohumol (Xn), a bioactive prenylated chalcone, was shown to exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity capacities in multiple diseases. However, a clear description of the preventive effects of Xn on obesity-associated OA is unavailable. This study aimed to assess the chondroprotective function of Xn on obesity-related OA. The in vitro levels of inflammatory and ECM matrix markers in human chondrocytes were assessed after the chondrocytes were treated with PA and Xn. Additionally, in vivo cartilage degeneration was assessed following oral administration of HFD and Xn. This study found that Xn treatment completely reduces the inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation caused by PA. The proposed mechanism involves AMPK signaling pathway activation by Xn, which increases mitochondrial biogenesis, attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome and the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by PA. In summary, this study highlights that Xn could decrease inflammation reactions and the degradation of the cartilage matrix induced by PA by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuating mitochondria dysfunction in human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Jiaji Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Tianhao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, China
| | - Yinxing Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Dixi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Nong J, Lu G, Huang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Pan H, Xiong B. Identification of cuproptosis-related subtypes, characterization of immune microenvironment infiltration, and development of a prognosis model for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178794. [PMID: 37809099 PMCID: PMC10551149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease with an obscure underlying molecular signature. Cuproptosis plays a crucial role in various biological processes. However, the association between cuproptosis-mediated immune infifiltration and OA progression remains unexplored. Therefore, this study elucidates the pathological process and potential mechanisms underlying cuproptosis in OA by constructing a columnar line graph model and performing consensus clustering analysis. Methods Gene expression profifile datasets GSE12021, GSE32317, GSE55235, and GSE55457 of OA were obtained from the comprehensive gene expression database. Cuproptosis signature genes were screened by random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). A nomogram was developed based on cuproptosis signature genes. A consensus clustering was used to distinguish OA patients into different cuproptosis patterns. To quantify the cuproptosis pattern, a principal component analysis was developed to generate the cuproptosis score for each sample. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to provide the abundance of immune cells in each sample and the relationship between these significant cuproptosis signature genes and immune cells.To quantify the cuproptosis pattern, a principal component analysis technique was developed to generate the cuproptosis score for each sample. Cuproptosis-related genes were extracted and subjected to differential expression analysis to construct a disease prediction model and confifirmed by RT-qPCR. Results Seven cuproptosis signature genes were screened (DBT, LIPT1, GLS, PDHB, FDX1, DLAT, and PDHA1) to predict the risk of OA disease. A column line graph model was developed based on these seven cuproptosis signature genes, which may assist patients based on decision curve analysis. A consensus clustering method was used to distinguish patients with disorder into two cuproptosis patterns (clusters A and B). To quantify the cuproptosis pattern, a principal component analysis technique was developed to generate the cuproptosis score for each sample. Furthermore, the OA characteristics of patients in cluster A were associated with the inflflammatory factors IL-1b, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22, suggesting that the cuproptosis signature genes play a vital role in the development of OA. Discussion In this study, a risk prediction model based on cuproptosis signature genes was established for the fifirst time, and accurately predicted OA risk. In addition, patients with OA were classifified into two cuproptosis molecule subtypes (clusters A and B); cluster A was highly associated with Th17 immune responses, with higher IL-1b, IL-17, and IL-21 IL-22 expression levels, while cluster B had a higher correlation with cuproptosis. Our analysis will help facilitate future research related cuproptosis-associated OA immunotherapy. However, the specifific mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Nong
- Teaching Department, First Affiliated Hospital of the Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Postgraduate Schools, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Postgraduate Schools, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Postgraduate Schools, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Postgraduate Schools, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Haida Pan
- Postgraduate Schools, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Knee Arthropathy and Sports Injuries, Yulin Orthopedic Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yulin, China
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Lei Q, Yang J, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C, Lu A, He X. Lipid metabolism and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190607. [PMID: 37325667 PMCID: PMC10264672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a chronic progressive autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by mainly damaging the synovium of peripheral joints and causing joint destruction and early disability. RA is also associated with a high incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Recently, the relationship between lipid metabolism and RA has gradually attracted attention. Plasma lipid changes in RA patients are often detected in clinical tests, the systemic inflammatory status and drug treatment of RA patients can interact with the metabolic level of the body. With the development of lipid metabolomics, the changes of lipid small molecules and potential metabolic pathways have been gradually discovered, which makes the lipid metabolism of RA patients or the systemic changes of lipid metabolism after treatment more and more comprehensive. This article reviews the lipid level of RA patients, as well as the relationship between inflammation, joint destruction, cardiovascular disease, and lipid level. In addition, this review describes the effect of anti-rheumatic drugs or dietary intervention on the lipid profile of RA patients to better understand RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shanghai GuangHua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tzvetkov J, Stephen LA, Dillon S, Millan JL, Roelofs AJ, De Bari C, Farquharson C, Larson T, Genever P. Spatial Lipidomic Profiling of Mouse Joint Tissue Demonstrates the Essential Role of PHOSPHO1 in Growth Plate Homeostasis. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:792-807. [PMID: 36824055 PMCID: PMC10946796 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a crucial role in signaling and metabolism, regulating the development and maintenance of the skeleton. Membrane lipids have been hypothesized to act as intermediates upstream of orphan phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), a major contributor to phosphate generation required for bone mineralization. Here, we spatially resolve the lipid atlas of the healthy mouse knee and demonstrate the effects of PHOSPHO1 ablation on the growth plate lipidome. Lipids spanning 17 subclasses were mapped across the knee joints of healthy juvenile and adult mice using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), with annotation supported by shotgun lipidomics. Multivariate analysis identified 96 and 80 lipid ions with differential abundances across joint tissues in juvenile and adult mice, respectively. In both ages, marrow was enriched in phospholipid platelet activating factors (PAFs) and related metabolites, cortical bone had a low lipid content, whereas lysophospholipids were strikingly enriched in the growth plate, an active site of mineralization and PHOSPHO1 activity. Spatially-resolved profiling of PHOSPHO1-knockout (KO) mice across the resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic growth plate zones revealed 272, 306, and 296 significantly upregulated, and 155, 220, and 190 significantly downregulated features, respectively, relative to wild-type (WT) controls. Of note, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylethanolamine derived lipid ions were upregulated in PHOSPHO1-KO versus WT. Our imaging pipeline has established a spatially-resolved lipid signature of joint tissues and has demonstrated that PHOSPHO1 ablation significantly alters the growth plate lipidome, highlighting an essential role of the PHOSPHO1-mediated membrane phospholipid metabolism in lipid and bone homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Tzvetkov
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Scott Dillon
- Wellcome‐Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys, Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Anke J. Roelofs
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Tony Larson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Paul Genever
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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Liu S, Pan Y, Li T, Zou M, Liu W, Li Q, Wan H, Peng J, Hao L. The Role of Regulated Programmed Cell Death in Osteoarthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065364. [PMID: 36982438 PMCID: PMC10049357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide chronic disease that can cause severe inflammation to damage the surrounding tissue and cartilage. There are many different factors that can lead to osteoarthritis, but abnormally progressed programmed cell death is one of the most important risk factors that can induce osteoarthritis. Prior studies have demonstrated that programmed cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and cuproptosis, has a great connection with osteoarthritis. In this paper, we review the role of different types of programmed cell death in the generation and development of OA and how the different signal pathways modulate the different cell death to regulate the development of OA. Additionally, this review provides new insights into the radical treatment of osteoarthritis rather than conservative treatment, such as anti-inflammation drugs or surgical operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yurong Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenji Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-15983280459 (J.P.); +86-13607008562 (L.H.)
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-15983280459 (J.P.); +86-13607008562 (L.H.)
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Mustonen AM, Lehmonen N, Paakkonen T, Raekallio M, Käkelä R, Niemelä T, Mykkänen A, Sihvo SP, Nieminen P. Equine osteoarthritis modifies fatty acid signatures in synovial fluid and its extracellular vesicles. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:39. [PMID: 36895037 PMCID: PMC9996872 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-02998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives (lipid mediators) with pro-inflammatory or dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties have potential to influence the health of joint tissues. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-associated chronic joint disease that can be featured with altered FA composition in the synovial fluid (SF) of human patients. The counts and cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles released by synovial joint cells and transporting bioactive lipids, can also be modified by OA. The detailed FA signatures of SF and its EVs have remained unexplored in the horse - a well-recognized veterinary model for OA research. METHODS The aim of the present study was to compare the FA profiles in equine SF and its ultracentrifuged EV fraction between control, contralateral, and OA metacarpophalangeal joints (n = 8/group). The FA profiles of total lipids were determined by gas chromatography and the data compared with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The data revealed distinct FA profiles in SF and its EV-enriched pellet that were modified by naturally occurring equine OA. Regarding SFs, linoleic acid (generalized linear model, p = 0.0006), myristic acid (p = 0.003), palmitoleic acid (p < 0.0005), and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated FA ratio (p < 0.0005) were among the important variables that separated OA from control samples. In EV-enriched pellets, saturated FAs palmitic acid (p = 0.020), stearic acid (p = 0.002), and behenic acid (p = 0.003) indicated OA. The observed FA modifications are potentially detrimental and could contribute to inflammatory processes and cartilage degradation in OA. CONCLUSIONS Equine OA joints can be distinguished from normal joints based on their FA signatures in SF and its EV-enriched pellet. Clarifying the roles of SF and EV FA compositions in the pathogenesis of OA and their potential as joint disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Mustonen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina Lehmonen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Paakkonen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Raekallio
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- grid.484023.9Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tytti Niemelä
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Mykkänen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna P. Sihvo
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- grid.484023.9Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233943. [PMID: 36497201 PMCID: PMC9735555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
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Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Doğan HO, Şenol O, Karadağ A, Yıldız SN. Metabolomic profiling in ankylosing spondylitis using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:124-132. [PMID: 35871913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease associated with destructive changes in the skeleton and joints. The exact molecular mechanism of the disease has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine metabolic differences between active AS patients and healthy controls to understand the molecular mechanism of AS. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 38 subjects, comprising 18 patients with active AS and 20 healthy controls. Metabolic profiling of the plasma was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS). Data acquisition, classification, and identification were achieved with the METLIN (https://metlin.scripps.edu/) database and XCMS (https://xcmsonline.scripps.edu). RESULTS Significant alterations were identified in the unsaturated fatty acids (FA), linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, FA degradation, and FA biosynthesis pathways. Down -regulations were observed in phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/0:0), beta-d-Fructose, stearic acid, trimipramine N-Oxide and muconic acid, and up-regulation were detected in PC (18:2/0:0), 3-Methylindole, palmitic acid (PA), alpha-Tocotrienol, and beta-d-glucopyranoside in active AS patients compared to the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION Pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation in FA metabolism is associated with AS, and therefore, modulation of diet according to PA and PC may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halef Okan Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karadağ
- Department of Pyhsical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Seyma Nur Yıldız
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Wu L, Hou Z, Zheng L, Gu Z. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Transplantation Ameliorates Joint Severity and Inflammation in Rats with Arthritis. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the action of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on arthritis rat model. Arthritis rat model was established using bovine type II collagen and CFA. BMSCs phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and pathological changes was analyzed by H&E
staining along with analysis of joint severity by AI score, inflammation by ELISA as well as level of NPY, MMP-2, and MMP-9. The form of passaged BMSCs was spindle shaped with positive expression of CD29 and CD44. The structure of articular cavity in arthritis rats was disordered with infiltration
of inflammatory cells which were ameliorated by BMSCs transplantation. In addition, BMSCs treatment also significantly reduced AI value, the level of VEGF, IL-17 and TNF-α as well as decreased RANK/RANKL expression and increased OPG level. In conclusion, BMSCs transplantation
ameliorates inflammation and severity in arthritis rats possibly through regulation of RANK/OPG, indicating that it might be used for the treatment of arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Zhenhai Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Longbao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Zenghui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310004, China
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12
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Dogan S, Kimyon G, Ozkan H, Kacmaz F, Camdeviren B, Karaaslan I. TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving cDMARD and bDMARD therapy. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2341-2349. [PMID: 35467309 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the effects of cDMARD and bDMARD therapy on both gene expressions and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and fatty acid levels in patients with RA. METHOD Plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were examined by the ELISA method, while TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 gene expression levels were examined by RT-qPCR, and fatty acid levels were examined by GC/MS. RESULTS IL-10 gene expression levels significantly increased in RA patients receiving cDMARD treatment compared to those of the control group. Also, eicosadienoic acid, myristoleic acid and capric acid levels were significantly lower in the patient groups compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION The drugs used in the treatment of RA had no effect on the fatty acid levels whereas had effects on the mRNA and protein levels of the target cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey.
| | - Gezmis Kimyon
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kacmaz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Health Science Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
| | - Baran Camdeviren
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Health Science Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
| | - Irem Karaaslan
- Research and Application Center for Technology and Research and Development, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
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Jiang H, Pu Y, Li ZH, Liu W, Deng Y, Liang R, Zhang XM, Zuo HD. Adiponectin, May Be a Potential Protective Factor for Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1305-1319. [PMID: 35510046 PMCID: PMC9058006 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s359330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in elderly individuals and seriously affects quality of life. OA has often been thought to be caused by body weight load, but studies have increasingly shown that OA is an inflammation-mediated metabolic disease. The current existing evidence suggests that OA is associated with obesity-related chronic inflammation as well as abnormal lipid metabolism in obesity, such as fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides. Adiponectin, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, can affect the progression of OA by regulating obesity-related inflammatory factors. However, the specific molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. According to previous research, adiponectin can promote the metabolism of FA and triglycerides, which indicates that it is a potential protective factor for OA through many mechanisms. This article aims to review the mechanisms of chronic inflammation, FA and triglycerides in OA, as well as the potential mechanisms of adiponectin in regulating chronic inflammation and promoting FA and triglyceride metabolism. Therefore, adiponectin may have a protective effect on obesity-related OA, which could provide new insight into adiponectin and the related mechanisms in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Pu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Hui Li
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Deng
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hou-Dong Zuo, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-817-2587621, Email
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Molnar V, Matišić V, Kodvanj I, Bjelica R, Jeleč Ž, Hudetz D, Rod E, Čukelj F, Vrdoljak T, Vidović D, Starešinić M, Sabalić S, Dobričić B, Petrović T, Antičević D, Borić I, Košir R, Zmrzljak UP, Primorac D. Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9208. [PMID: 34502117 PMCID: PMC8431625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability worldwide. Although commonly referred to as a disease of the joint cartilage, osteoarthritis affects all joint tissues equally. The pathogenesis of this degenerative process is not completely understood; however, a low-grade inflammation leading to an imbalance between anabolic and katabolic processes is a well-established factor. The complex network of cytokines regulating these processes and cell communication has a central role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Concentrations of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were found to be altered depending on the osteoarthritis stage and activity. In this review, we analyzed individual cytokines involved in the immune processes with an emphasis on their function in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kodvanj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Roko Bjelica
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Jeleč
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Nursing, University North, 48000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eduard Rod
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabijan Čukelj
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University Merkur Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Vrdoljak
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Vidović
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Srećko Sabalić
- University Hospital “Sisters of Mercy”, Clinic for Traumatology, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Borut Dobričić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tadija Petrović
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Antičević
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Borić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University Merkur Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rok Košir
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, BIA Separations CRO, Labena Ltd., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.K.); (U.P.Z.)
| | - Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, BIA Separations CRO, Labena Ltd., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.K.); (U.P.Z.)
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia; (V.M.); (V.M.); (R.B.); (Ž.J.); (D.H.); (E.R.); (F.Č.); (T.V.); (D.V.); (B.D.); (T.P.); (D.A.); (I.B.)
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, State College, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Wung CH, Chung CY, Wu PY, Huang JC, Tsai YC, Chen SC, Chiu YW, Chang JM. Associations between Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-Related Indices and Bone Mineral Density T-Score in Hemodialysis Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080775. [PMID: 34442419 PMCID: PMC8402197 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity-related indices and bone mineral density (BMD). However, no previous studies have reported these associations among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aims of this study were to investigate associations between MetS and its components and BMD T-score in HD patients and also between obesity-related indices and BMD T-score in HD patients with and without MetS. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III for Asians, and BMD T-score was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eight obesity-related indices were evaluated, including lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body adiposity index, conicity index (CI), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist–hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI). One hundred and sixty-four patients undergoing HD were enrolled, and the prevalence of MetS was 61.6%. MetS was significantly associated with high lumbar spine and total hip T-scores. Regarding the MetS components, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C were significantly associated with high lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip T-scores; hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with high lumbar spine and total hip T-scores; hyperglycemia was significantly associated with a high lumbar spine T-score, whereas high blood pressure was not associated with T-score at any site. In the patients with MetS, BMI, WHtR, AVI, and BRI were significantly associated with T-score at all sites, and high CI, VAI, and LAP were also related to a high lumbar T-score. However, these indices were not associated with T-score at any site in patients without MetS. This study demonstrated positive associations between MetS and its five components and BMD T-score among HD patients. MetS, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol were associated with low risk of osteoporosis among the HD patients. Furthermore, we found that some obesity-related indices were associated with BMD T-score among HD patients with MetS but not in those without MetS. Our study highlights the importance of BMI, WHtR, AVI, and BRI in predicting the risk of osteoporosis among HD patients with MetS. In clinical practice, they can be easily calculated through simple anthropometric measurements and routine laboratory examinations and be used to quickly and conveniently assess the risk of osteoporosis among HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Wung
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-8036783-3440; Fax: +886-7-8063346
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-Y.W.); (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-W.C.); (J.-M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Synovial Fluid Fatty Acid Profiles Are Differently Altered by Inflammatory Joint Pathologies in the Shoulder and Knee Joints. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050401. [PMID: 34064447 PMCID: PMC8147852 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies of fatty acid (FA) metabolism characterize osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the knee joint. No previous study has investigated the synovial fluid (SF) FA manifestations in these aging-related inflammatory diseases in the shoulder. The present experiment compared the FA alterations between the shoulder and knee joints in patients with end-stage OA or end-stage RA. SF samples were collected during glenohumeral or knee joint surgery from trauma controls and from OA and RA patients (n = 42). The FA composition of SF total lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection and compared across cohorts. The FA signatures of trauma controls were mostly uniform in both anatomical locations. RA shoulders were characterized by elevated percentages of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 and with reduced proportions of 18:1n-9. The FA profiles of OA and RA knees were relatively uniform and displayed lower proportions of 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). The results indicate location- and disease-dependent differences in the SF FA composition. These alterations in FA profiles and their potential implications for the production of PUFA-derived lipid mediators may affect joint lubrication, synovial inflammation and pannus formation as well as cartilage and bone degradation and contribute to the pathogeneses of inflammatory joint diseases.
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Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-a Complex Field with Significant Potential for Future Treatments. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:41. [PMID: 33913032 PMCID: PMC8081702 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism manifested as altered fatty acid (FA) profiles of synovial fluid and tissues and in the way dietary FA supplements can influence the symptoms of especially RA. In addition to classic eicosanoids, the potential roles of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) have become the focus of intensive research. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the roles of FA and oxylipins in the degradation or protection of synovial joints. Recent Findings There exists discordance between the large body of literature from cell culture and animal experiments on the adverse and beneficial effects of individual FA and the lack of effective treatments for joint destruction in OA and RA patients. Saturated 16:0 and 18:0 induce mostly deleterious effects, while long-chain n-3 PUFA, especially 20:5n-3, have positive influence on joint health. The situation can be more complex for n-6 PUFA, such as 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and its derivative prostaglandin E2, with a combination of potentially adverse and beneficial effects. SPM analogs have future potential as analgesics for arthritic pain. Summary Alterations in FA profiles and their potential implications in SPM production may affect joint lubrication, synovial inflammation, pannus formation, as well as cartilage and bone degradation and contribute to the pathogeneses of inflammatory joint diseases. Further research directions include high-quality randomized controlled trials on dietary FA supplements and investigations on the significance of lipid composition of microvesicle membrane and cargo in joint diseases.
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18
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Chen W, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhang L, Zhu H. Lipid Metabolism Profiles in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643520. [PMID: 33897433 PMCID: PMC8064727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic autoimmune disorders that involve multiple organs or systems and have high mortality. The mechanisms of these diseases are still ill-defined, and targeted therapeutic strategies are still challenging for physicians. Recent research indicates that cell metabolism plays important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on lipid metabolism profiles (dyslipidaemia, fatty acid metabolism) and mechanisms in rheumatic diseases and discuss potential clinical applications based on lipid metabolism profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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19
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Qiao J, Wu Y, Ren Y. The impact of a high fat diet on bones: potential mechanisms. Food Funct 2021; 12:963-975. [PMID: 33443523 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet led to bone loss via gut microbiota and fatty acid imbalances, immune disorder and adipose tissue accumulation inside and outside the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou
- 310009
- China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Ningbo Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Ningbo 315010
- China
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou
- 310009
- China
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20
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Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238992. [PMID: 33256181 PMCID: PMC7729585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.
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21
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Rampersaud AM, Dunk CE, Lye SJ, Renaud SJ. Palmitic acid induces inflammation in placental trophoblasts and impairs their migration toward smooth muscle cells through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:850-865. [PMID: 32898274 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical component of early human placental development includes migration of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the decidua. EVTs migrate toward and displace vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding several uterine structures, including spiral arteries. Shallow trophoblast invasion features in several pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for placental dysfunction, suggesting that factors within an obese environment may impair early placental development. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid circulating at high levels in obese women, induces an inflammatory response in EVTs that hinders their capacity to migrate toward SMCs. We found that SMCs and SMC-conditioned media stimulated migration and invasion of an EVT-like cell line, HTR8/SVneo. Palmitic acid impaired EVT migration and invasion toward SMCs, and induced expression of several vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in EVTs, including endothelin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and PAI1. PAI1 was increased in plasma of women with early-onset preeclampsia, and PAI1-deficient EVTs were protected from the anti-migratory effects of palmitic acid. Using first trimester placental explants, palmitic acid exposure decreased EVT invasion through Matrigel. Our findings reveal that palmitic acid induces an inflammatory response in EVTs and attenuates their migration through a mechanism involving PAI1. High levels of palmitic acid in pathophysiological situations like obesity may impair early placental development and predispose to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rampersaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline E Dunk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Yang M, Zhou M, Song L. A review of fatty acids influencing skin condition. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3199-3204. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development College of chemistry and materials engineering Beijing Technology and Business University BeiJing China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light IndustryCollege of chemistry and materials engineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Chongqing China
| | - Liya Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development College of chemistry and materials engineering Beijing Technology and Business University BeiJing China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light IndustryCollege of chemistry and materials engineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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23
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Chin KY, Chan CY, Subramaniam S, Muhammad N, Fairus A, Ng PY, Jamil NA, Aziz NA, Ima-Nirwana S, Mohamed N. Positive association between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density among Malaysians. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2585-2593. [PMID: 33029101 PMCID: PMC7532478 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that elevates the individual risk of cardiovascular diseases. These abnormalities are also known to alter bone remodelling. Therefore, MetS may be associated with osteoporosis. This study aims to determine the association between MetS and its components and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among Malaysians. Methods: 400 Malaysians aged ≥ 40 years (52.5% women) residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were recruited. Subjects' demographic and lifestyle details were collected using a questionnaire, and blood pressure and body anthropometry were measured. Subjects' lumbar spine and total hip BMD were measured by DXA. Their fasting blood was collected for blood glucose level and lipid profile analysis. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between MetS or its components and BMD. Results: Subjects with MetS had higher BMD compared to subjects without MetS in models unadjusted for BMI (spine p=0.008; hip p<0.001). This difference was attenuated with BMI adjustment (spine p=0.625; hip p=0.478). Waist circumference was associated positively with BMD in models unadjusted for BMI (spine p=0.012; hip p<0.001), but the association became negative with BMI adjustment (spine p=0.044; hip p=0.021). Systolic blood pressure was associated positively with total hip BMD (p=0.019) but BMI adjustment attenuated the relationship (p=0.080). Triglyceride level was associated with osteoporosis in a fully adjusted model (p=0.001). Overall, MetS was associated with osteoporosis (p=0.019) but lifestyle (p=0.188) and BMI adjustment attenuated the relationship (p=0.904). Conclusion: MetS is positively associated with BMD, and this relationship is predominantly mediated by BMI. Although MetS is not a significant risk factor for osteoporosis, the inverse relationship between waist circumference, a marker of central obesity, and BMD highlights the need to prevent adiposity to improve metabolic and skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Chin Yi Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Shaanthana Subramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fairus
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Noorazah Abd Aziz
- Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
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