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Dhyani V, Chann AS, Giri L, Russell SM, Charnley M. A Pipeline for Dynamic Analysis of Mitochondrial Content in Developing T Cells: Bridging the Gap Between High-Throughput Flow Cytometry and Single-Cell Microscopy Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2800:167-187. [PMID: 38709484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3834-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing the dynamics of mitochondrial content in developing T cells is crucial for understanding the metabolic state during T cell development. However, monitoring mitochondrial content in real-time needs a balance of cell viability and image resolution. In this chapter, we present experimental protocols for measuring mitochondrial content in developing T cells using three modalities: bulk analysis via flow cytometry, volumetric imaging in laser scanning confocal microscopy, and dynamic live-cell monitoring in spinning disc confocal microscopy. Next, we provide an image segmentation and centroid tracking-based analysis pipeline for automated quantification of a large number of microscopy images. These protocols together offer comprehensive approaches to investigate mitochondrial dynamics in developing T cells, enabling a deeper understanding of their metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Dhyani
- Bioimaging and Data Analysis Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Anchi S Chann
- Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Bioimaging and Data Analysis Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Sarah M Russell
- Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Optical Science Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
- Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Ismail N, Karmakar S, Bhattacharya P, Sepahpour T, Takeda K, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Satoskar AR, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Nakhasi HL. Leishmania Major Centrin Gene-Deleted Parasites Generate Skin Resident Memory T-Cell Immune Response Analogous to Leishmanization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864031. [PMID: 35419001 PMCID: PMC8996177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of a sand fly with no available vaccine for humans. Recently, we have developed a live attenuated Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted parasite strain (LmCen-/- ) that induced protection against homologous and heterologous challenges. We demonstrated that the protection is mediated by IFN (Interferon) γ-secreting CD4+ T-effector cells and multifunctional T cells, which is analogous to leishmanization. In addition, in a leishmanization model, skin tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells were also shown to be crucial for host protection. In this study, we evaluated the generation and function of skin TRM cells following immunization with LmCen-/- parasites and compared those with leishmanization. We show that immunization with LmCen-/- generated skin CD4+ TRM cells and is supported by the induction of cytokines and chemokines essential for their production and survival similar to leishmanization. Following challenge with wild-type L. major, TRM cells specific to L. major were rapidly recruited and proliferated at the site of infection in the immunized mice. Furthermore, upon challenge, CD4+ TRM cells induce higher levels of IFNγ and Granzyme B in the immunized and leishmanized mice than in non-immunized mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that the genetically modified live attenuated LmCen -/- vaccine generates functional CD4+ skin TRM cells, similar to leishmanization, that may play a crucial role in host protection along with effector T cells as shown in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Telly Sepahpour
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Single-cell transcriptomics links malignant T cells to the tumor immune landscape in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1158. [PMID: 35241665 PMCID: PMC8894386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma distinguished by the presence of clonal malignant T cells. The heterogeneity of malignant T cells and the complex tumor microenvironment remain poorly characterized. With single-cell RNA analysis and bulk whole-exome sequencing on 19 skin lesions from 15 CTCL patients, we decipher the intra-tumor and inter-lesion diversity of CTCL patients and propose a multi-step tumor evolution model. We further establish a subtyping scheme based on the molecular features of malignant T cells and their pro-tumorigenic microenvironments: the TCyEM group, demonstrating a cytotoxic effector memory T cell phenotype, shows more M2 macrophages infiltration, while the TCM group, featured by a central memory T cell phenotype and adverse patient outcome, is infiltrated by highly exhausted CD8+ reactive T cells, B cells and Tregs with suppressive activities. Our results establish a solid basis for understanding the nature of CTCL and pave the way for future precision medicine for CTCL patients.
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