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Lv J, Ibrahim YS, Yumashev A, Hjazi A, Faraz A, Alnajar MJ, Qasim MT, Ghildiyal P, Hussein Zwamel A, Fakri Mustafa Y. A comprehensive immunobiology review of IBD: With a specific glance to Th22 lymphocytes development, biology, function, and role in IBD. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112486. [PMID: 38901239 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The two primary forms of inflammatory disorders of the small intestine andcolon that make up inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). While ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and the rectum, CD affects the small and large intestines, as well as the esophagus,mouth, anus, andstomach. Although the etiology of IBD is not completely clear, and there are many unknowns about it, the development, progression, and recurrence of IBD are significantly influenced by the activity of immune system cells, particularly lymphocytes, given that the disease is primarily caused by the immune system stimulation and activation against gastrointestinal (GI) tract components due to the inflammation caused by environmental factors such as viral or bacterial infections, etc. in genetically predisposed individuals. Maintaining homeostasis and the integrity of the mucosal barrier are critical in stopping the development of IBD. Specific immune system cells and the quantity of secretory mucus and microbiome are vital in maintaining this stability. Th22 cells are helper T lymphocyte subtypes that are particularly important for maintaining the integrity and equilibrium of the mucosal barrier. This review discusses the most recent research on these cells' biology, function, and evolution and their involvement in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yousif Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq
| | - Alexey Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Faraz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Maytham T Qasim
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Aldiwaniyah, Aldiwaniyah, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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Bourinet M, Anty R, Gual P, Luci C. Roles of innate lymphoid cells in metabolic and alcohol-associated liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100962. [PMID: 38304237 PMCID: PMC10831956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been identified as potent regulators of inflammation, cell death and wound healing, which are the main biological processes involved in the progression of chronic liver disease. Obesity and chronic alcohol consumption are the leading contributors to chronic liver diseases in developed countries, due to inappropriate lifestyles. In particular, inflammation is a key factor in these liver abnormalities and promotes the development of more severe lesions such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Opposite roles of ILC subsets have been described in the development of chronic liver disease, depending on the stage and aetiology of the disease. The heterogeneous family of ILCs encompasses cytotoxic natural killer cells, the cytokine-producing type 1, 2 and 3 ILCs and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Dysfunction of these immune cells provokes uncontrolled inflammation and tissue damage, which are the basis for tumour development. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent and putative roles of ILC subsets in obesity and alcohol-associated liver diseases, which are currently the major contributors to end-stage liver complications such as fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bourinet
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
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Schneider AK, Domingos-Pereira S, Cesson V, Polak L, Fallon PG, Zhu J, Roth B, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Derré L. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells are not involved in mouse bladder tumor development. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1335326. [PMID: 38283350 PMCID: PMC10820705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapies for bladder cancer patients are limited by side effects and failures, highlighting the need for novel targets to improve disease management. Given the emerging evidence highlighting the key role of innate lymphoid cell subsets, especially type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), in shaping the tumor microenvironment and immune responses, we investigated the contribution of ILC2s in bladder tumor development. Using the orthotopic murine MB49 bladder tumor model, we found a strong enrichment of ILC2s in the bladder under steady-state conditions, comparable to that in the lung. However, as tumors grew, we observed an increase in ILC1s but no changes in ILC2s. Targeting ILC2s by blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathways, IL-5, or IL-33 receptor, or using IL-33-deficient or ILC2-deficient mice, did not affect mice survival following bladder tumor implantation. Overall, these results suggest that ILC2s do not contribute significantly to bladder tumor development, yet further investigations are required to confirm these results in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Schneider
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Polak
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Beat Roth
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ma Z, Wang J, Hu L, Wang S. Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Periodontal Tissue Homeostasis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076099. [PMID: 37047071 PMCID: PMC10093809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible inflammatory response that occurs in periodontal tissues. Given the size and diversity of natural flora in the oral mucosa, host immunity must strike a balance between pathogen identification and a complicated system of tolerance. The innate immune system, which includes innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), certainly plays a crucial role in regulating this homeostasis because pathogens are quickly recognized and responded to. ILCs are a recently discovered category of tissue-resident lymphocytes that lack adaptive antigen receptors. ILCs are found in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs and are particularly prevalent at mucosal barrier surfaces, where they control inflammatory response and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that ILCs are important players in periodontitis; however, the mechanisms that govern the innate immune response in periodontitis still require further investigation. This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between ILCs and the microenvironment in periodontal tissue homeostasis, with the purpose of regulating or improving immune responses in periodontitis prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Ma
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, School of Basic Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100070, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Tuazon JA, Kilburg-Basnyat B, Oldfield LM, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Dunigan-Russell K, Fedulov AV, Oestreich KJ, Gowdy KM. Emerging Insights into the Impact of Air Pollution on Immune-Mediated Asthma Pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2022; 22:77-92. [PMID: 35394608 PMCID: PMC9246904 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increases in ambient levels of air pollutants have been linked to lung inflammation and remodeling, processes that lead to the development and exacerbation of allergic asthma. Conventional research has focused on the role of CD4+ T helper 2 (TH2) cells in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced asthma. However, much work in the past decade has uncovered an array of air pollution-induced non-TH2 immune mechanisms that contribute to allergic airway inflammation and disease. RECENT FINDINGS In this article, we review current research demonstrating the connection between common air pollutants and their downstream effects on non-TH2 immune responses emerging as key players in asthma, including PRRs, ILCs, and non-TH2 T cell subsets. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases immune-mediated asthma risk, including pre-existing genetic risk, epigenetic alterations in immune cells, and perturbation of the composition and function of the lung and gut microbiomes. Together, these studies reveal the multifaceted impacts of various air pollutants on innate and adaptive immune functions via genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-based mechanisms that facilitate the induction and worsening of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - B Kilburg-Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - L M Oldfield
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Department of Synthetic Genomics, Replay Holdings LLC, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - R Wiscovitch-Russo
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - K Dunigan-Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - A V Fedulov
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - K J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - K M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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6
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Triantos C, Aggeletopoulou I, Mantzaris GJ, Mouzaki Α. Molecular basis of vitamin D action in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu Q, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Xu J, Xu HM, Nie YQ, Wang LS, Yao J, Li DF. Immunology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1825-1844. [PMID: 35310454 PMCID: PMC8928114 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s353038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main digestive organ and an important immune organ, the intestine plays a vital role in resisting the invasion of potential pathogens into the body. Intestinal immune dysfunction remains important pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we explained the interactions among symbiotic flora, intestinal epithelial cells, and the immune system, clarified the operating mechanism of the intestinal immune system, and highlighted the immunological pathogenesis of IBD, with a focus on the development of immunotherapy for IBD. In addition, intestinal fibrosis is a significant complication in patients with long-term IBD, and we reviewed the immunological pathogenesis involved in the development of intestinal fibrogenesis and provided novel antifibrotic immunotherapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Yao; De-feng Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 755 25533018, Email ;
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Kurago Z, Loveless J. Microbial Colonization and Inflammation as Potential Contributors to the Lack of Therapeutic Success in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:739499. [PMID: 35048056 PMCID: PMC8757816 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.739499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the microenvironment of evolving and established conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma, by far the most common oral cancer. The focus of this paper is mainly on the more recent data that describe the role of microorganisms, host-microbial interactions, and in particular, the contributions of cell-surface toll-like receptors on immune system cells and on normal and malignant epithelial cells to their functions that support carcinogenesis. Because carcinomas arising at various host surfaces share much in common, additional information available from studies of other carcinomas is included in the discussion. Accumulating evidence reveals the complex toll-like receptor-mediated tumor-supporting input into many aspects of carcinogenesis via malignant cells, stromal immune cells and non-immune cells, complicating the search for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Kurago
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jenni Loveless
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
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Saez A, Gomez-Bris R, Herrero-Fernandez B, Mingorance C, Rius C, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147618. [PMID: 34299236 PMCID: PMC8307624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown cause encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD has been linked to genetic and environmental factors, microbiota dysbiosis, exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity and epithelial intestinal barrier dysfunction. IBD is classically associated with gut accumulation of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells accompanied by insufficient Treg numbers and Tr1 immune suppression. Inflammatory T cells guide innate cells to perpetuate a constant hypersensitivity to microbial antigens, tissue injury and chronic intestinal inflammation. Recent studies of intestinal mucosal homeostasis and IBD suggest involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These lymphoid-origin cells are innate counterparts of T cells but lack the antigen receptors expressed on B and T cells. ILCs play important roles in the first line of antimicrobial defense and contribute to organ development, tissue protection and regeneration, and mucosal homeostasis by maintaining the balance between antipathogen immunity and commensal tolerance. Intestinal homeostasis requires strict regulation of the quantity and activity of local ILC subpopulations. Recent studies demonstrated that changes to ILCs during IBD contribute to disease development. A better understanding of ILC behavior in gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation will provide valuable insights into new approaches to IBD treatment. This review summarizes recent research into ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and the latest advances in the understanding of the role of ILCs in IBD, with particular emphasis on the interaction between microbiota and ILC populations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Mingorance
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Rius
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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Wirtz S, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Functional Contribution and Targeted Migration of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Being at the Right Place at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688879. [PMID: 34177944 PMCID: PMC8222800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been discovered and successfully established as crucial mediators of lung allergy, airway inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of many respiratory diseases, like for instance asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an important regulatory component in this context, the local pulmonary milieu at inflammatory tissue sites does not only determine the activation status of lung-infiltrating ILC2s, but also influences their motility and migratory behavior. In general, many data collected in recent murine and human studies argued against the former concept of a very strict tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and instead pointed to a context-dependent homing capacity of peripheral blood ILC precursors and the inflammation-dependent capacity of specific ILC subsets for interorgan trafficking. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the so far described molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary migration of ILC2s and thereby the numeric regulation of local ILC2 pools at inflamed or fibrotic pulmonary tissue sites and discuss their potential to serve as innovative therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Atreya I. Innate Lymphoid Cells as Regulators of Epithelial Integrity: Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:656745. [PMID: 33869257 PMCID: PMC8044918 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of epithelial defects in the gut relevantly contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), whereby the impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity seems to represent a primary trigger as well as a disease amplifying consequence of the chronic inflammatory process. Besides epithelial cell intrinsic factors, accumulated and overwhelmingly activated immune cells and their secretome have been identified as critical modulators of the pathologically altered intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) function in IBD. In this context, over the last 10 years increasing levels of attention have been paid to the group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). This is in particular due to a preferential location of these rather newly described innate immune cells in close proximity to mucosal barriers, their profound capacity to secrete effector cytokines and their numerical and functional alteration under chronic inflammatory conditions. Aiming on a comprehensive and updated summary of our current understanding of the bidirectional mucosal crosstalk between ILCs and IECs, this review article will in particular focus on the potential capacity of gut infiltrating type-1, type-2, and type-3 helper ILCs (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, respectively) to impact on the survival, differentiation, and barrier function of IECs. Based on data acquired in IBD patients or in experimental models of colitis, we will discuss whether the different ILC subgroups could serve as potential therapeutic targets for maintenance of epithelial integrity and/or mucosal healing in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Sharma L, Riva A. Intestinal Barrier Function in Health and Disease-Any role of SARS-CoV-2? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1744. [PMID: 33172188 PMCID: PMC7694956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structure and function of the intestinal barrier play a role in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. During the recent and ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, it has become clear that the gastrointestinal system and the gut barrier may be affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and disruption of barrier functions or intestinal microbial dysbiosis may have an impact on the progression and severity of this new disease. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current evidence on the involvement of gut alterations in human disease including COVID-19, with a prospective outlook on supportive therapeutic strategies that may be investigated to rescue intestinal barrier functions and possibly facilitate clinical improvement in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Sharma
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Antonio Riva
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
- Foundation for Liver Research, Institute of Hepatology, London SE5 9NT, UK
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