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Zhang F, Zhu G, Li Y, Qi Y, Wang Z, Li W. Dual-target inhibitors based on COX-2: a review from medicinal chemistry perspectives. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2209-2233. [PMID: 38095081 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of COX-2 constitute a class of anti-inflammatory analgesics, showing potential against certain types of cancer. However, such inhibitors are associated with cardiovascular toxicity. Moreover, although single-target molecules possess specificity for particular targets, they often lead to poor safety, low efficacy and drug resistance due to compensatory mechanisms. A new generation of dual-target drugs that simultaneously inhibit COX-2 and another target is showing strong potential to treat cancer or reduce adverse cardiac effects. The present perspective focuses on the structure and functions of COX-2, and its role as a therapeutic target. It also explores the current state and future possibilities for dual-target strategies from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yawen Qi
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health & Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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2
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Raj A, Chakole S, Agrawal S, Gupta A, Khekade H, Prasad R, Lohakare T, Wanjari M. The Impact of Menopause on Cardiovascular Aging: A Comprehensive Review of Androgen Influences. Cureus 2023; 15:e43569. [PMID: 37719547 PMCID: PMC10503403 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause represents a critical life stage in women, characterized by hormonal changes that significantly impact cardiovascular health. While the decline in estrogen levels has long been recognized as a major contributor to cardiovascular aging in menopausal women, the role of androgens, particularly testosterone, has gained increasing attention in recent years. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the impact of menopause on cardiovascular aging, with a specific focus on the influences of androgens. A literature search was conducted to gather relevant studies and clinical evidence exploring the relationship between menopause, androgens, and cardiovascular health. The review integrates findings from various studies to present a holistic view of the topic. The review outlines the changes in hormone levels during menopause and discusses the cardiovascular risk factors associated with this transition. Furthermore, it explores the impact of menopause on cardiovascular structure and function, elucidating the underlying mechanisms that contribute to cardiovascular aging. Androgens' significance in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis is discussed, followed by exploring the effects of androgen decline during menopause on lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, vascular function, and other cardiovascular parameters. The review delves into the mechanisms of androgen action on the cardiovascular system, emphasizing the role of androgen receptors and the intricate interplay between androgens, estrogens, and other hormones. Clinical evidence supporting the effects of androgens on cardiovascular aging is presented, including studies investigating the association between androgen levels and cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, the impact of androgen replacement therapy (ART) on cardiovascular risk markers and events in menopausal women is examined, along with controversies and conflicting findings surrounding the use of androgen therapy in cardiovascular aging. This structured review provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of menopause on cardiovascular aging, with a specific focus on the role of androgens. By highlighting the significance of androgens in cardiovascular health during menopause, this review aims to create an initial impression and interest among readers, inviting potential citations in the future. The findings underscore the need for further research and offer insights into managing cardiovascular aging in menopausal women, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological approaches, and the potential role of personalized medicine and precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Raj
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suyash Agrawal
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anannya Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshal Khekade
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roshan Prasad
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejaswee Lohakare
- Pediatrics, Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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3
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Mirra D, Esposito R, Spaziano G, Rafaniello C, Iovino P, Cione E, Gallelli L, D'Agostino B. Association between Sex-Related ALOX5 Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Atopy Risk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082775. [PMID: 37109111 PMCID: PMC10145460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response to foreign antigens in which metabolic abnormalities of the leukotrienes (LTs) pathway play a crucial role. Recent studies have described sex as a key variable in LT biosynthesis, partly explaining why treatment with anti-LT drugs in atopic subjects leads to better control of symptoms in women. In addition, variability in LT production is often associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene, which encodes the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). This study aimed to investigate whether two SNPs of ALOX5 are implicated in sex differences in allergic diseases in a prospective cohort of 150 age- and sex-matched atopic and healthy subjects. Rs2029253 and rs2115819 were genotyped using allele-specific RT-PCR, and serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4 were measured by ELISA. Both polymorphisms are significantly more common in women than in men, and their influences on LT production vary as a function of sex, leading to a decrease in men's and an increase in women's serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4. These data represent a new resource for understanding sex-related differences in lung inflammatory diseases, partly explaining why women are more likely to develop allergic disorders than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davida Mirra
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Mater Domini Hospital, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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4
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Gupta A, Carnazza M, Jones M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Halicka D, O'Connell T, Zhao H, Dadafarin S, Shin E, Schwarcz MD, Moscatello A, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Androgen Receptor Activation Induces Senescence in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082198. [PMID: 37190127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an approximately three-fold higher incidence in women. TCGA data indicate that androgen receptor (AR) RNA is significantly downregulated in PTC. In this study, AR-expressing 8505C (anaplastic TC) (84E7) and K1 (papillary TC) cells experienced an 80% decrease in proliferation over 6 days of exposure to physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In 84E7, continuous AR activation resulted in G1 growth arrest, accompanied by a flattened, vacuolized cell morphology, with enlargement of the cell and the nuclear area, which is indicative of senescence; this was substantiated by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, total RNA and protein content, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p16, p21, and p27 was significantly increased. A non-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory profile was induced, significantly decreasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1; this is consistent with the lower incidence of thyroid inflammation and cancer in men. Migration increased six-fold, which is consistent with the clinical observation of increased lymph node metastasis in men. Proteolytic invasion potential was not significantly altered, which is consistent with unchanged MMP/TIMP expression. Our studies provide evidence that the induction of senescence is a novel function of AR activation in thyroid cancer cells, and may underlie the protective role of AR activation in the decreased incidence of TC in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melanie Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Timmy O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sina Dadafarin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Monica D Schwarcz
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Raj K Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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5
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Pelegrin ÁF, de Paiva Gonçalves V, Carvalho JDS, Spolidorio DMP, Spolidorio LC. Testosterone replacement relieves ligature-induced periodontitis by mitigating inflammation, increasing pro-resolving markers and promoting angiogenesis in rats: A preclinical study. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105605. [PMID: 36521281 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory profile as well as the resolution of inflammation in a ligature-induced periodontal inflammation in rats with depletion and/or supraphysiological testosterone replacement. DESIGN Sixty male rats (Holtzman) were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: (1) Sham (no testicle removal); (2) Orchiectomy (OCX), 3) OCX + Testosterone (OCX + T); (4) Sham + Ligature (SH + L); (5) OCX+L; and 6) OCX + T + L. The surgeries were performed on day 1, and testosterone was administered weekly since day 1. On day 15, a cotton ligature was placed around the lower first molars and maintained for 15 days. Morphological changes in periodontal tissues were determined by histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry (factor VIII) and immunoenzymatic assay were performed to evaluate angiogenesis process and (pro- and anti-) inflammatory markers, respectively. RESULTS Ligature promoted a marked inflammatory gingival infiltrate and bone loss (P < 0.05). Supraphysiological testosterone treatment increased the percentage of blood vessels, extracellular matrix and fibroblasts in the presence and absence of periodontal inflammation (P < 0.05). A high dose of testosterone increased factor VIII+ blood vessels and IL-10 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, while PGE2, LXA4 and MPO were reduced as a result of supraphysiological testosterone administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results, in our experimental model, suggest that supraphysiological testosterone treatment stimulated gingival tissue repair during ligature-induced periodontitis, and it seems to be related to an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive mechanism resulting by the modulatory effect on PGE2 and IL-10 related to an enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Formoso Pelegrin
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius de Paiva Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, 500 Dom José Gaspar Avenue, - Coração Eucarístico, 30535-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jhonatan de Souza Carvalho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luís Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Flak MB, Koenis DS, Gonzalez-Nunez M, Chopo-Pizarro A, Dalli J. Deletion of macrophage Gpr101 disrupts their phenotype and function dysregulating host immune responses in sterile and infectious inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115348. [PMID: 36400250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently found that the G protein coupled receptor GPR101 mediates the phagocyte-directed pro-resolving activities of RvD5n-3 DPA (n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived Resolvin D5). Herein, we investigated the endogenous role of this pro-resolving receptor in modulating macrophage biology using a novel mouse line where the expression of Gpr101 was conditionally deleted in macrophages (MacGpr101KO). Peritoneal macrophages obtained from naïve MacGpr101KO mice displayed a marked shift in the expression of phenotypic and activation markers, including the Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-23 receptors. Loss of Gpr101 on macrophages was also associated with a significant disruption in their cellular metabolism and a decreased ability to migrate towards the chemoattractant Mcp-1. The alterations in macrophage phenotype observed in Gpr101 deficient macrophages were maintained following inflammatory challenge. This was linked with an increased inflammatory response in the Gpr101 deficient animals and a reduced ability of phagocytes, including macrophages, to clear bacteria. Loss of Gpr101 on macrophages disrupted host pro-resolving responses to zymosan challenge with MacGpr101KO mice exhibiting significantly higher neutrophil numbers and a delay in the resolution interval when compared with control mice. These observations were linked with a marked dysregulation in peritoneal lipid mediator concentrations in Gpr101 deficient mice, with a downregulation of pro-resolving mediators including MaR2n-3 DPA, Resolvin (Rv) D3 and RvE3. Together these findings identify Gpr101 as a novel regulator of both macrophage phenotype and function, modulating key biological activities in both limiting the propagation of inflammation and expediting its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena B Flak
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Duco S Koenis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Nunez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Ana Chopo-Pizarro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Borzyszkowska D, Niedzielska M, Kozłowski M, Brodowska A, Przepiera A, Malczyk-Matysiak K, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Sowińska-Przepiera E. Evaluation of Hormonal Factors in Acne Vulgaris and the Course of Acne Vulgaris Treatment with Contraceptive-Based Therapies in Young Adult Women. Cells 2022; 11:4078. [PMID: 36552842 PMCID: PMC9777314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is considered one of the diseases of civilization due to the significant influence of environmental factors on the severity and frequency of these lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hormonal profile of patients before treatment and to assess selected hormonal parameters after treatment. Our first objective was to examine the correlation between the selected hormonal parameters and the severity of acne before treatment. Our second objective was to evaluate the impact of treatment with three therapies, as measured by the selected hormonal parameters and acne severity. Statistical calculations were performed using the R v.4.1.1 statistical calculation environment (IDE RStudio v. 1.4.1717) with a significance level for the statistical tests set at α = 0.05. The results showed that the women in the pre-treatment (T1) and control (C) groups had significant differences in testosterone, androstendione, FAI, SHBG, prolactin, ACTH, and cortisol concentrations. After treatment, there were still significant differences in testosterone, androstendione, FAI, and SHBG concentrations between the post-treatment (T2) and control groups. We concluded that testosterone, androstendione, and cortisol concentrations correlate with acne severity. Acne in adult women may be an important clinical marker of androgen excess syndrome and cannot be considered a transient symptom of puberty. The mainstay of acne treatment is contraceptive therapy (ethonylestradiol and drospirenone). In this study, we confirmed the effectiveness of three contraceptive-based treatments using hormonal parameters and acne severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Borzyszkowska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mirela Niedzielska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Przepiera
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kinga Malczyk-Matysiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Szukiewicz D, Trojanowski S, Kociszewska A, Szewczyk G. Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Searching for Epigenetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314663. [PMID: 36498989 PMCID: PMC9736994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Despite its incidence, the syndrome is poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed, and female patients are diagnosed with a delay. The heterogenous nature of this complex disorder results from the combined occurrence of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. Primary clinical manifestations of PCOS are derived from the excess of androgens (anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, lack of or scanty, irregular menstrual periods, acne and hirsutism), whereas the secondary manifestations include multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders. Dietary and lifestyle factors play important roles in the development and course of PCOS, which suggests strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Many studies have shown a strong association between PCOS and chronic, low-grade inflammation both in the ovarian tissue and throughout the body. In the vast majority of PCOS patients, elevated values of inflammatory markers or their gene markers have been reported. Development of the vicious cycle of the chronic inflammatory state in PCOS is additionally stimulated by hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNA levels are presented in this review in the context of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory signaling in PCOS. Epigenetic modulation of androgenic activity in response to inflammatory signaling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Seweryn Trojanowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kociszewska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Bartha V, Exner L, Basrai M, Bischoff SC, Schweikert D, Adolph M, Bruckner T, Grueninger D, Klein D, Meller C, Woelber JP, Wolff D. Changes in serum omega fatty acids on a Mediterranean diet intervention in patients with gingivitis: An exploratory study. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1198-1209. [PMID: 36156799 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are precursors of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Serum PUFA levels could influence the severity of inflammatory oral diseases, such as gingivitis. OBJECTIVE The study analyzed serum PUFA levels in a six-week randomized controlled trial in individuals on the Mediterranean diet (MedD), associations with the intake of specific foods, and possible correlations with oral inflammatory parameters. METHODS Data from 37 study participants on either a MedD (MedDG; n = 18) or a "Western diet" in the control group (CG, n = 19) were analyzed. Dental examinations and serum analyses were performed at two time points, T1 (baseline) and T2 (week 6). Serum PUFA status, adherence to the MedD, and data from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were analyzed. RESULTS Within the MedDG omega-6 fatty acid levels decreased significantly. In the overall sample, the proportional decrease in sites with bleeding on probing correlated weakly to moderately with the decrease in total omega-6 fatty acid level (Spearman's ρ = 0.274) and the decrease in gingival index correlated moderately with the decrease in linoleic acid level (Spearman's ρ = 0.351). Meat and fast-food consumption correlated positively with levels of various omega-6 fatty acids, whereas nut, fish, and dairy product consumption correlated positively with omega-3 levels. CONCLUSION Adherence to a MedD was associated with a decrease in serum omega-6 levels, which positively affected the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The MedD associated reduction in serum omega-6 levels may be a mechanism that favorably affects gingival inflammatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bartha
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Exner
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniela Schweikert
- Department of Nutrition Management and Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Nutrition Management and Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Faculty of Medicine - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grueninger
- Centre of Laboratory Diagnostics MVZ Clotten, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Klein
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Meller
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Chen Y, Du F, Tang L, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Shen J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Carboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:400-416. [PMID: 35141397 PMCID: PMC8807988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carborane is a carbon-boron molecular cluster that can be viewed as a 3D analog of benzene. It features special physical and chemical properties, and thus has the potential to serve as a new type of pharmacophore for drug design and discovery. Based on the relative positions of two cage carbons, icosahedral closo-carboranes can be classified into three isomers, ortho-carborane (o-carborane, 1,2-C2B10H12), meta-carborane (m-carborane, 1,7-C2B10H12), and para-carborane (p-carborane, 1,12-C2B10H12), and all of them can be deboronated to generate their nido- forms. Cage compound carborane and its derivatives have been demonstrated as useful chemical entities in antitumor medicinal chemistry. The applications of carboranes and their derivatives in the field of antitumor research mainly include boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as BNCT/photodynamic therapy dual sensitizers, and as anticancer ligands. This review summarizes the research progress on carboranes achieved up to October 2021, with particular emphasis on signaling transduction pathways, chemical structures, and mechanistic considerations of using carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinrun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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11
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Unraveling the Role of Sex Hormones on Keratinocyte Functions in Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063132. [PMID: 35328552 PMCID: PMC8955788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin exerts several fundamental functions that are the first physical, chemical and immune barriers to the human body. Keratinocytes, the main cell type of the epidermis, provide mechanical defense, support skin integrity and actively endorse cutaneous immune responses. Not surprisingly, considering these crucial activities, alterations in keratinocyte functions are associated with different inflammatory skin diseases. Recent findings indicate that the skin should not only be regarded as a target for hormones but that it should also be considered as an endocrine peripheral organ that is directly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of these chemical messengers. Sex hormones have multiple effects on the skin, attributed to the binding with intracellular receptors expressed by different skin cell populations, including keratinocytes, that activate downstream signaling routes that modulate specific cellular functions and activities. This review is aimed at reorganizing the current knowledge on the role exerted by sex hormones on keratinocyte function in five different inflammatory skin diseases: Hidradenitis suppurativa; Acne vulgaris; Atopic dermatitis; progesterone hypersensitivity; psoriasis. The results of our work aim to provide a deeper insight into common cellular mechanisms and molecular effectors that might constitute putative targets to address for the development of specific therapeutic interventions.
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12
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Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, Sava F, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L, Jesenak M, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Sanak M, Dahlén S, Woszczek G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:2337-2354. [PMID: 35174512 PMCID: PMC9111413 DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and Biosciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Ku Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Florentina Sava
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department of Pediatrics Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in BratislavaUniversity Teaching Hospital in Martin Slovakia
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital‐IBIMA‐UMA Málaga Spain
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Respiratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
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13
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Troisi F, Pace S, Jordan PM, Meyer KPL, Bilancia R, Ialenti A, Borrelli F, Rossi A, Sautebin L, Serhan CN, Werz O. Sex Hormone-Dependent Lipid Mediator Formation in Male and Female Mice During Peritonitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:818544. [PMID: 35046831 PMCID: PMC8762308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.818544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sex differences in inflammation are obvious and contribute to divergences in the incidence and severity of inflammation-related diseases that frequently preponderate in women. Lipid mediators (LMs), mainly produced by lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate all stages of inflammation. Experimental and clinical studies revealed sex divergences for selected LM pathways without covering the entire LM spectrum, and only few studies have addressed the respective role of sex hormones. Here, we performed the comprehensive LM profile analysis with inflammatory peritoneal exudates and plasma from male and female mice in zymosan-induced peritonitis to identify the potential sex differences in LM biosynthesis during the inflammatory response. We also addressed the impact of sex hormones by employing gonadectomy. Methods: Adult male and female CD1 mice received intraperitoneal injection of zymosan to induce peritonitis, a well-established experimental model of acute, self-resolving inflammation. Mice were gonadectomized 5 weeks prior to peritonitis induction. Peritoneal exudates and plasma were taken at 4 (peak of inflammation) and 24 h (onset of resolution) post zymosan and subjected to UPLC-MS-MS-based LM signature profiling; exudates were analyzed for LM biosynthetic proteins by Western blot; and plasma was analyzed for cytokines by ELISA. Results: Pro-inflammatory COX and 5-LOX products predominated in the peritoneum of males at 4 and 24 h post-zymosan, respectively, with slightly higher 12/15-LOX products in males after 24 h. Amounts of COX-2, 5-LOX/FLAP, and 15-LOX-1 were similar in exudates of males and females. In plasma of males, only moderate elevation of these LMs was apparent. At 4 h post-zymosan, gonadectomy strongly elevated 12/15-LOX products in the exudates of males, while in females, free PUFA and LOX products were rather impaired. In plasma, gonadectomy impaired most LMs in both sexes at 4 h with rather up-regulatory effects at 24 h. Finally, elevated 15-LOX-1 protein was evident in exudates of males at 24 h which was impaired by orchiectomy without the striking impact of gonadectomy on other enzymes in both sexes. Conclusions: Our results reveal obvious sex differences and roles of sex hormones in LM biosynthetic networks in acute self-resolving inflammation in mice, with several preponderances in males that appear under the control of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Troisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina P. L. Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rossella Bilancia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Oliver Werz,
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14
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Spini A, Giudice V, Brancaleone V, Morgese MG, De Francia S, Filippelli A, Ruggieri A, Ziche M, Ortona E, Cignarella A, Trabace L. Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: Next steps towards appropriateness and health equity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105848. [PMID: 34454035 PMCID: PMC8387562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Making gender bias visible allows to fill the gaps in knowledge and understand health records and risks of women and men. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown a clear gender difference in health outcomes. The more severe symptoms and higher mortality in men as compared to women are likely due to sex and age differences in immune responses. Age-associated decline in sex steroid hormone levels may mediate proinflammatory reactions in older adults, thereby increasing their risk of adverse outcomes, whereas sex hormones and/or sex hormone receptor modulators may attenuate the inflammatory response and provide benefit to COVID-19 patients. While multiple pharmacological options including anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, antivirals, anti-inflammatory agents and traditional Chinese medicine preparations have been tested to treat COVID-19 patients with varied levels of evidence in terms of efficacy and safety, information on sex-targeted treatment strategies is currently limited. Women may have more benefit from COVID-19 vaccines than men, despite the occurrence of more frequent adverse effects, and long-term safety data with newly developed vectors are eagerly awaited. The prevalent inclusion of men in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with subsequent extrapolation of results to women needs to be addressed, as reinforcing sex-neutral claims into COVID-19 research may insidiously lead to increased inequities in health care. The huge worldwide effort with over 3000 ongoing RCTs of pharmacological agents should focus on improving knowledge on sex, gender and age as pillars of individual variation in drug responses and enforce appropriateness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spini
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, 53100 Siena, Italy; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via Ateneo Lucano, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Ruggieri
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, 53100 Siena, Italy; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centro Studi Nazionale Salute e Medicina di Genere, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Centro Studi Nazionale Salute e Medicina di Genere, Italy
| | - Andrea Cignarella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Centro Studi Nazionale Salute e Medicina di Genere, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Centro Studi Nazionale Salute e Medicina di Genere, Italy.
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15
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Yaeger MJ, Reece SW, Kilburg-Basnyat B, Hodge MX, Pal A, Dunigan-Russell K, Luo B, You DJ, Bonner JC, Spangenburg EE, Tokarz D, Hannan J, Armstrong M, Manke J, Reisdorph N, Tighe RM, Shaikh SR, Gowdy KM. Sex Differences in Pulmonary Eicosanoids and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Response to Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:170-183. [PMID: 34175951 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a criteria air pollutant known to increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiopulmonary diseases. This occurs through a pulmonary inflammatory response characterized by increased recruitment of immune cells into the airspace, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Recent evidence has demonstrated sex-dependent differences in the O3-induced pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it is unknown if this dimorphic response is evident in pulmonary lipid mediator metabolism. We hypothesized that there are sex-dependent differences in lipid mediator production following acute O3 exposure. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 1 part per million O3 for 3 hours and were necropsied at 6 or 24 hours following exposure. Lung lavage was collected for cell differential and total protein analysis, and lung tissue was collected for mRNA analysis, metabololipidomics, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to males, O3-exposed female mice had increases in airspace neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine mRNA, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvin D5 in lung tissue. Likewise, precursor fatty acids (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) were increased in female lung tissue following O3 exposure compared to males. Experiments with ovariectomized females revealed that loss of ovarian hormones exacerbates pulmonary inflammation and injury. However, eicosanoid and SPM production were not altered by ovariectomy despite depleted pulmonary DHA concentrations. Taken together, these data indicate that O3 drives an increased pulmonary inflammatory and bioactive lipid mediator response in females. Furthermore, ovariectomy increases susceptibility to O3-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury, as well as decreases pulmonary DHA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yaeger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - S W Reece
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - B Kilburg-Basnyat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - M X Hodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - A Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - K Dunigan-Russell
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - B Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - D J You
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27107
| | - J C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27107
| | - E E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - D Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - J Hannan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858
| | - M Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - J Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - N Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - R M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - S R Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - K M Gowdy
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, 43210
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16
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Neuroprotective Effects of Testosterone in the Hypothalamus of an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041589. [PMID: 33557413 PMCID: PMC7914611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be associated to inflammation and alteration in the hypothalamus, a brain region implicated in the control of several physiological functions, including energy homeostasis and reproduction. Previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of testosterone treatment (TTh) in counteracting some MetS symptoms in both animal models and clinical studies. This study investigated the effect of TTh (30 mg/kg/week for 12 weeks) on the hypothalamus in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced animal model of MetS, utilizing quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. The animal model recapitulates the human MetS features, including low testosterone/gonadotropin plasma levels. TTh significantly improved MetS-induced hypertension, visceral adipose tissue accumulation, and glucose homeostasis derangements. Within hypothalamus, TTh significantly counteracted HFD-induced inflammation, as detected in terms of expression of inflammatory markers and microglial activation. Moreover, TTh remarkably reverted the HFD-associated alterations in the expression of important regulators of energy status and reproduction, such as the melanocortin and the GnRH-controlling network. Our results suggest that TTh may exert neuroprotective effects on the HFD-related hypothalamic alterations, with positive outcomes on the circuits implicated in the control of energy metabolism and reproductive tasks, thus supporting a possible role of TTh in the clinical management of MetS.
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