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Hissen KL, He W, Wu G, Criscitiello MF. Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241615. [PMID: 37841275 PMCID: PMC10570457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Hissen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang He
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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Liu S, Luo L, Zuo F, Huang X, Zhong L, Liu S, Geng Y, Ou Y, Chen D, Cai W, Deng Y. Ammonia nitrogen stress damages the intestinal mucosal barrier of yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and induces intestinal inflammation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1279051. [PMID: 37791345 PMCID: PMC10542119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen from ammonia is one of the most common pollutants toxics to aquatic species in aquatic environment. The intestinal mucosa is one of the key mucosal defenses of aquatic species, and the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen in water environment will cause irreversible damage to intestinal function. In this study, histology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural pathology, enzyme activity analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to reveal the toxic effect of ammonia nitrogen stress on the intestine of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. According to histological findings, ammonia nitrogen stress caused structural damage to the intestine and reduced the number of mucous cells. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that the activity of bactericidal substances (Lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and ACP) had decreased. The ultrastructure revealed sparse and shortened microvilli as well as badly degraded tight junctions. Immunohistochemistry for ZO-1 demonstrated an impaired intestinal mucosal barrier. Furthermore, qRT-PCR revealed that tight junction related genes (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1) were downregulated, while the pore-forming protein Claudin-2 was upregulated. Furthermore, as ammonia nitrogen concentration grew, so did the positive signal of Zap-70 (T/NK cell) and the expression of inflammation-related genes (TNF, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10). In light of the above findings, we conclude that ammonia nitrogen stress damages intestinal mucosal barrier of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and induces intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyue Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengyuan Zuo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Lab of Marine Pollution, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenlong Cai
- State Key Lab of Marine Pollution, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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You SL, Jiang XX, Zhang GR, Ji W, Ma XF, Zhou X, Wei KJ. Molecular Characterization of Nine TRAF Genes in Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and Their Expression Profiling in Response to Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098363. [PMID: 37176078 PMCID: PMC10179116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an economic fish with a large breeding scale, and diseases have led to huge economic losses. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are a class of intracellular signal transduction proteins that play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses by mediating NF-κB, JNK and MAPK signaling pathways. However, there are few studies on the TRAF gene family in yellow catfish. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of TRAF1, TRAF2a, TRAF2b, TRAF3, TRAF4a, TRAF4b, TRAF5, TRAF6 and TRAF7 genes were cloned and identified in yellow catfish. The ORF sequences of the nine TRAF genes of yellow catfish (Pf_TRAF1-7) were 1413-2025 bp in length and encoded 470-674 amino acids. The predicted protein structures of Pf_TRAFs have typically conserved domains compared to mammals. The phylogenetic relationships showed that TRAF genes are conserved during evolution. Gene structure, motifs and syntenic analyses of TRAF genes showed that the exon-intron structure and conserved motifs of TRAF genes are diverse among seven vertebrate species, and the TRAF gene family is relatively conserved evolutionarily. Among them, TRAF1 is more closely related to TRAF2a and TRAF2b, and they may have evolved from a common ancestor. TRAF7 is quite different and distantly related to other TRAFs. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that all nine Pf_TRAF genes were constitutively expressed in 12 tissues of healthy yellow catfish, with higher mRNA expression levels in the gonad, spleen, brain and gill. After infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the expression levels of nine Pf_TRAF mRNAs were significantly changed in the head kidney, spleen, gill and brain tissues of yellow catfish, of which four genes were down-regulated and one gene was up-regulated in the head kidney; four genes were up-regulated and four genes were down-regulated in the spleen; two genes were down-regulated, one gene was up-regulated, and one gene was up-regulated and then down-regulated in the gill; one gene was up-regulated, one gene was down-regulated, and four genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated in the brain. These results indicate that Pf_TRAF genes might be involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. Subcellular localization results showed that all nine Pf_TRAFs were found localized in the cytoplasm, and Pf_TRAF2a, Pf_TRAF3 and Pf_TRAF4a could also be localized in the nucleus, uncovering that the subcellular localization of TRAF protein may be closely related to its structure and function in cellular mechanism. The results of this study suggest that the Pf_TRAF gene family plays important roles in the immune response against pathogen invasion and will provide basic information to further understand the roles of TRAF gene against bacterial infection in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Li You
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai-Jian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Van Doan H, Wangkahart E, Thaimuangphol W, Panase P, Sutthi N. Effects of Bacillus spp. Mixture on Growth, Immune Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Resistance of Nile Tilapia Against Streptococcus agalactiae Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:363-378. [PMID: 34596882 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus spp. mixture (Bacillus subtilis TISTR001, Bacillus megaterium TISTR067, and Bacillus licheniformis DF001) (1 × 106 CFU/g) on growth, immune parameters, immune-related gene expression, and resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae AAHM04. Fish were fed different concentrations of Bacillus spp. 0 (control; T1), 1 (T2), 3 (T3), and 5 (T4) g/kg diets for 120 days. The results showed that weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio in T3 diet were significantly higher than the control group and other tested diets (p < 0.05). Immune parameters, such as myeloperoxidase and lysozyme, were significantly higher in the T3 and T4 diets compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, IL-1β and TNF-α gene expressions in the spleen of fish fed T2, T3, and T4 diets were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in survival rate, hematology, blood chemical indices, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, body chemical composition, and organosomatic indices (p > 0.05) were noticed in all treatments. No significant differences in survival rate after the challenge test with S. agalactiae AAHM04 were found in fish fed Bacillus spp. mixture diets, except for the T3 diet. These results suggest that Bacillus spp. mixture diet at 3 g/kg diet (T3) could improve growth, immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Wipavee Thaimuangphol
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence 2022 on Biodiversity and Natural Resources Management (FF65-UoE003), University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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