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Korkmaz FT, Quinton LJ. Extra-pulmonary control of respiratory defense. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104841. [PMID: 38878619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Pneumonia persists as a public health crisis, representing the leading cause of death due to infection. Whether respiratory tract infections progress to pneumonia and its sequelae such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis depends on numerous underlying conditions related to both the causative agent and host. Regarding the former, pneumonia burden remains staggeringly high, despite the effectiveness of pathogen-targeting strategies such as vaccines and antibiotics. This demands a greater understanding of host features that collaborate to promote immune resistance and tissue resilience in the infected lung. Such features inside the pulmonary compartment have drawn much attention, where major advances have been made related to resident and recruited immune activity. By comparison, extra-pulmonary processes guiding pneumonia susceptibility are relatively elusive, constituting the focus of this review. Here we will highlight examples of when, how, and why tissues outside of the lungs dispatch signals that modulate local immunity in the airspaces. Topics include the liver, gut, bone marrow, brain and more, all of which contribute in direct and indirect ways to pneumonia outcome. When tuned appropriately, it has become clear that these responses can serve protective roles, and this will be considered distinctly from what would otherwise be aberrant responses characteristic of pneumonia-induced organ injury and sepsis. Further advances in this area may reveal novel targetable areas for clinical intervention that are not confined to the intra-pulmonary space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz T Korkmaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01602, United States.
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01602, United States
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2
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Merk VM, Phan TS, Wiedmann A, Hardy RS, Lavery GG, Brunner T. Local glucocorticoid synthesis regulates house dust mite-induced airway hypersensitivity in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252874. [PMID: 37936704 PMCID: PMC10626452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) synthesis at epithelial barriers, such as skin and intestine, has been shown to be important in the local regulation of inflammation. However, the role of local GC synthesis in the lung is less well studied. Based on previous studies and the uncontentious efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in asthma patients, we here investigated the role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1/Hsd11b1)-dependent local GC reactivation in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. Methods Airway inflammation in Hsd11b1-deficient and C57BL/6 wild type mice was analyzed after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-CD3 antibody, and in acute and chronic models of airway hypersensitivity induced by house dust mite (HDM) extract. The role of 11β-HSD1 in normal and inflammatory conditions was assessed by high dimensional flow cytometry, histological staining, RT-qPCR analysis, ex vivo tissue cultures, GC-bioassays and protein detection by ELISA and immunoblotting. Results Here we show that lung tissue from Hsd11b1-deficient mice synthesized significantly less GC ex vivo compared with wild type animals in response to immune cell stimulation. We further observed a drastically aggravated phenotype in Hsd11b1-deficient mice treated with HDM extract compared to wild type animals. Besides eosinophilic infiltration, Hsd11b1-deficient mice exhibited aggravated neutrophilic infiltration caused by a strong Th17-type immune response. Conclusion We propose an important role of 11β-HSD1 and local GC in regulating Th17-type rather than Th2-type immune responses in HDM-induced airway hypersensitivity in mice by potentially controlling Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and cytokine/chemokine secretion by airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Merk
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alice Wiedmann
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rowan S. Hardy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Pai YC, Li YH, Turner JR, Yu LCH. Transepithelial Barrier Dysfunction Drives Microbiota Dysbiosis to Initiate Epithelial Clock-driven Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1471-1488. [PMID: 37004200 PMCID: PMC10588795 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] pathogenesis include genetic polymorphisms, barrier loss, and microbial dysbiosis. A major knowledge gap exists in the origins of the colitogenic microbiome and its relationship with barrier impairment. Epithelial myosin light chain kinase [MLCK] is a critical regulator of the paracellular barrier, but the effects of MLCK activation on the intraepithelial bacteria [IEB] and dysbiosis are incompletely understood. We hypothesise that MLCK-dependent bacterial endocytosis promotes pathobiont conversion and shapes a colitogenic microbiome. METHODS To explore this, transgenic [Tg] mice with barrier loss induced by intestinal epithelium-specific expression of a constitutively active MLCK were compared with wild-type [WT] mice. RESULTS When progeny of homozygous MLCK-Tg mice were separated after weaning by genotype [Tg/Tg, Tg/WT, WT/WT], increased IEB numbers associated with dysbiosis and more severe colitis were present in Tg/Tg and Tg/WT mice, relative to WT/WT mice. Cohousing with MLCK-Tg mice induced dysbiosis, increased IEB abundance, and exacerbated colitis in WT mice. Conversely, MLCK-Tg mice colonised with WT microbiota at birth displayed increased Escherichia abundance and greater colitis severity by 6 weeks of age. Microarray analysis revealed circadian rhythm disruption in WT mice co-housed with MLCK-Tg mice relative to WT mice housed only with WT mice. This circadian disruption required Rac1/STAT3-dependent microbial invasion but not MLCK activity, and resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid downregulation. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that barrier dysfunction induces dysbiosis and expansion of invasive microbes that lead to circadian disruption and mucosal inflammation. These results suggest that barrier-protective or bacterium-targeted precision medicine approaches may be of benefit to IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Hsuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Brigham's Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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4
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Merk VM, Renzulli P, Vrugt B, Fleischmann A, Brunner T. Glucocorticoids are differentially synthesized along the murine and human respiratory tree. Allergy 2023; 78:2428-2440. [PMID: 37171450 DOI: 10.1111/all.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) are effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the lung. However, long-term use leads to severe side effects. Endogenous GC can be synthesized locally, either de novo from cholesterol in a 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1)-dependent manner, or by reactivation from 11-dehydrocorticosterone/cortisone by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd11b1). We aimed to define the molecular pathways of endogenous GC synthesis along the respiratory tree to provide a basis for understanding how local GC synthesis contributes to tissue homeostasis. METHODS Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in murine lung epithelium was analyzed by macroscopic and laser capture microdissection, followed by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify the cellular source of steroidogenic enzymes. Additionally, the induction of steroidogenic enzyme expression in the lung was analyzed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes was confirmed in human lung tissue by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, GC synthesis was examined in ex vivo cultures of fresh tissue from mice and human lobectomy patients. RESULTS We observed that the murine and human lung tissue differentially expresses synthesis pathway-determining enzymes along the respiratory tree. We detected Hsd11b1 expression in bronchial, alveolar, club and basal epithelial cells, whereas Cyp11b1 expression was detectable only in tracheal epithelial cells of mice. Accordingly, de novo synthesis of bioactive GC occurred in the large conducting airways, whereas reactivation occurred everywhere along the respiratory tree. Strikingly, Cyp11b1 but not Hsd11b1 expression was enhanced in the trachea upon LPS injection in mice. CONCLUSION We report here the differential synthesis of bioactive GC along the murine and human respiratory tree. Thus, extra-adrenal de novo GC synthesis and reactivation may differentially contribute to the regulation of immunological and inflammatory processes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Merk
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pietro Renzulli
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Achim Fleischmann
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Slominski AT. How cancer hijacks the body's homeostasis through the neuroendocrine system. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:263-275. [PMID: 36803800 PMCID: PMC10038913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cancer not only escapes the body's regulatory mechanisms, but also gains the ability to affect local and systemic homeostasis. Specifically, tumors produce cytokines, immune mediators, classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, biogenic amines, melatonin, and glucocorticoids, as demonstrated in human and animal models of cancer. The tumor, through the release of these neurohormonal and immune mediators, can control the main neuroendocrine centers such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, and thyroid to modulate body homeostasis through central regulatory axes. We hypothesize that the tumor-derived catecholamines, serotonin, melatonin, neuropeptides, and other neurotransmitters can affect body and brain functions. Bidirectional communication between local autonomic and sensory nerves and the tumor, with putative effects on the brain, is also envisioned. Overall, we propose that cancers can take control of the central neuroendocrine and immune systems to reset the body homeostasis in a mode favoring its expansion at the expense of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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8
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Michalek S, Goj T, Plazzo AP, Marovca B, Bornhauser B, Brunner T. LRH
‐1/
NR5A2
interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor to regulate glucocorticoid resistance. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54195. [PMID: 35801407 PMCID: PMC9442305 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Michalek
- Department of Biology, Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology KORS‐CB University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department of Biology, Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Anna Pia Plazzo
- Department of Biology, Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Blerim Marovca
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Centre University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Beat Bornhauser
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Centre University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology KORS‐CB University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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Rocamora-Reverte L, Villunger A, Wiegers GJ. Cell-Specific Immune Regulation by Glucocorticoids in Murine Models of Infection and Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142126. [PMID: 35883569 PMCID: PMC9324070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are highly potent negative regulators of immune and inflammatory responses. Effects of GC are primarily mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which is expressed by all cell types of the immune system. It is, therefore, difficult to elucidate how endogenous GC mediate their effects on immune responses that involve multiple cellular interactions between various immune cell subsets. This review focuses on endogenous GC targeting specific cells of the immune system in various animal models of infection and inflammation. Without the timed release of these hormones, animals infected with various microbes or challenged in inflammatory disease models succumb as a consequence of overshooting immune and inflammatory responses. A clearer picture is emerging that endogenous GC thereby act in a cell-specific and disease model-dependent manner, justifying the need to develop techniques that target GC to individual immune cell types for improved clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - G. Jan Wiegers
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Liu B, Jin Y, Yang J, Han Y, Shan H, Qiu M, Zhao X, Liu A, Jin Y, Yin Y. Extracellular vesicles from lung tissue drive bone marrow neutrophil recruitment in inflammation. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12223. [PMID: 35595717 PMCID: PMC9122834 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are single-membrane vesicles that play an essential role in long-range intercellular communications. EV investigation has been explored largely through cell-culture systems, but it remains unclear how physiological EVs exert homeostatic or pathological functions in vivo. Here, we report that lung EVs promote chemotaxis of neutrophils in bone marrow through delivery of double stranded DNA (dsDNA). We have identified and characterized EVs containing dsDNA collected from both human and murine lung tissues using newly developed approaches. Our analysis of EV proteomics together with single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals that type II alveolar epithelial cells are the main source of the lung EVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the lung EVs accumulate in bone marrow and enhance neutrophil recruitment under inflammation conditions. Moreover, lung EV-DNA stimulates neutrophils to release the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 via DNA-TLR9 signalling. Our findings establish a molecular basis of lung EVs in enhancement of host immune response to bacterial infection and provide new insights into understanding of vesicle-mediated systematic communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Anhang Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumour Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Kordulewska N, Topa J, Cieślińska A, Jarmołowska B. Osthole Regulates Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Expression of TLR2 and NF-κB in Normal Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1501-1519. [PMID: 35261546 PMCID: PMC8898189 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: Natalia Kordulewska, Tel + 48 89 523 37 63, Fax + 48 89 535 20 15, Email
| | - Justyna Topa
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Jarmołowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Sevilla LM, Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Caelles C, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Resistance: Interference between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the MAPK Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10049. [PMID: 34576214 PMCID: PMC8465023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives (pharmacological GCs) constitute the first-line treatment in many chronic inflammatory conditions with unquestionable therapeutic benefits despite the associated adverse effects. GC actions are principally mediated through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Despite the ubiquitous expression of GR, imbalances in GC signalling affect tissues differently, and with variable degrees of severity through mechanisms that are not completely deciphered. Congenital or acquired GC hypersensitivity or resistance syndromes can impact responsiveness to endogenous or pharmacological GCs, causing disease or inadequate therapeutic outcomes, respectively. Acquired GC resistance is defined as loss of efficacy or desensitization over time, and arises as a consequence of chronic inflammation, affecting around 30% of GC-treated patients. It represents an important limitation in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, and can be due to impairment of multiple mechanisms along the GC signalling pathway. Among them, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and/or alterations in expression of their regulators, the dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs), have been identified as common mechanisms of GC resistance. While many of the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs rely on GR-mediated inhibition of MAPKs and/or induction of DUSPs, the GC anti-inflammatory capacity is decreased or lost in conditions of excessive MAPK activation, contributing to disease susceptibility in tissue- and disease- specific manners. Here, we discuss potential strategies to modulate GC responsiveness, with the dual goal of overcoming GC resistance and minimizing the onset and severity of unwanted adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Wassenaar TM, Juncos VA, Zimmermann K. Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189700. [PMID: 34575864 PMCID: PMC8472021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina A. Juncos
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72209, USA;
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