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Cao F, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Shen X, Xiong J, Yang Z, Gong B, Liu M, Chen H, Xiao H, Huang M, Liu Y, Qiu G, Wang K, Zhou F, Xiao J. TM9SF1 offers utility as an efficient predictor of clinical severity and mortality among acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408406. [PMID: 38887291 PMCID: PMC11180774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of death among critically ill patients in intensive care settings, underscoring the need to identify biomarkers capable of predicting ARDS patient clinical status and prognosis at an early time point. This study specifically sought to explore the utility and clinical relevance of TM9SF1 as a biomarker for the early prediction of disease severity and prognostic outcomes in patients with ARDS. Methods This study enrolled 123 patients with severe ARDS and 116 patients with non-severe ARDS for whom follow-up information was available. The mRNA levels of TM9SF1 and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these patients were evaluated by qPCR. The predictive performance of TM9SF1 and other clinical indicators was evaluated using received operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A predictive nomogram was developed based on TM9SF1 expression and evaluated for its ability in the early prediction of severe disease and mortality in patients with ARDS. Results TM9SF1 mRNA expression was found to be significantly increased in patients with severe ARDS relative to those with non-severe disease or healthy controls. ARDS severity increased in correspondence with the level of TM9SF1 expression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.15-3.72, P = 0.005), and high TM9SF1 levels were associated with a greater risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.27, 95% CI = 2.20-4.39, P = 0.001). ROC curves demonstrated that relative to other clinical indicators, TM9SF1 offered superior performance in the prediction of ARDS severity and mortality. A novel nomogram incorporating TM9SF1 expression together with age, D-dimer levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was developed and was used to predict ARDS severity (AUC = 0.887, 95% CI = 0.715-0.943). A separate model incorporating TM9SF1 expression, age, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and D-dimer levels (C-index = 0.890, 95% CI = 0.627-0.957) was also developed for predicting mortality. Conclusion Increases in ARDS severity and patient mortality were observed with rising levels of TM9SF1 expression. TM9SF1 may thus offer utility as a novel biomarker for the early prediction of ARDS patient disease status and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsheng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsong Xiong
- Gucheng People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zean Yang
- Gucheng People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Baoxian Gong
- Gucheng People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Huabo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Fengqiao Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Lum KK, Reed TJ, Yang J, Cristea IM. Differential Contributions of Interferon Classes to Host Inflammatory Responses and Restricting Virus Progeny Production. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38564653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental to mammalian intrinsic and innate immune defenses against pathogens is the production of Type I and Type II interferons, such as IFN-β and IFN-γ, respectively. The comparative effects of IFN classes on the cellular proteome, protein interactions, and virus restriction within cell types that differentially contribute to immune defenses are needed for understanding immune signaling. Here, a multilayered proteomic analysis, paired with biochemical and molecular virology assays, allows distinguishing host responses to IFN-β and IFN-γ and associated antiviral impacts during infection with several ubiquitous human viruses. In differentiated macrophage-like monocytic cells, we classified proteins upregulated by IFN-β, IFN-γ, or pro-inflammatory LPS. Using parallel reaction monitoring, we developed a proteotypic peptide library for shared and unique ISG signatures of each IFN class, enabling orthogonal confirmation of protein alterations. Thermal proximity coaggregation analysis identified the assembly and maintenance of IFN-induced protein interactions. Comparative proteomics and cytokine responses in macrophage-like monocytic cells and primary keratinocytes provided contextualization of their relative capacities to restrict virus production during infection with herpes simplex virus type-1, adenovirus, and human cytomegalovirus. Our findings demonstrate how IFN classes induce distinct ISG abundance and interaction profiles that drive antiviral defenses within cell types that differentially coordinate mammalian immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal K Lum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tavis J Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jinhang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Cai S, Zhu CH, Chen FG, Liu F, Gao ML, Xiong Y. [Establishment of a risk model for severe adenovirus pneumonia and prospective study of the timing of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:619-625. [PMID: 37382132 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a risk prediction model for severe adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) in children, and to explore the appropriate timing for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for severe AVP. METHODS Medical data of 1 046 children with AVP were retrospectively analyzed, and a risk prediction model for severe AVP was established using multivariate logistic regression. The model was validated with 102 children with AVP. Then, 75 children aged ≤14 years who were considered at risk of developing severe AVP by the model were prospectively enrolled and divided into three groups (A, B and C) in order of visit, with 25 children in each group. Group A received symptomatic supportive therapy only. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group B received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days, before progressing to severe AVP. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group C received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1 g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days after progressing to severe AVP. Efficacy and related laboratory indicators were compared among the three groups after treatment. RESULTS Age<18.5 months, underlying diseases, fever duration >6.5 days, hemoglobin level <84.5 g/L, alanine transaminase level >113.5 U/L, and co-infection with bacteria were the six variables that entered into the risk prediction model for severe AVP. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862, sensitivity of 0.878, and specificity of 0.848. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good consistency between the predicted values and the actual observations (P>0.05). After treatment, group B had the shortest fever duration and hospital stay, the lowest hospitalization costs, the highest effective rate of treatment, the lowest incidence of complications, the lowest white blood cell count and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels, and the highest level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The risk model for severe AVP established in this study has good value in predicting the development of severe AVP. IVIG therapy before progression to severe AVP is more effective in treating AVP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Fang-Gen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Mei-Ling Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330000, China
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Li L, Fan H, Zhou J, Xu X, Yang D, Wu M, Cao C, Lu G. Human adenovirus infection induces pulmonary inflammatory damage by triggering noncanonical inflammasomes activation and macrophage pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169968. [PMID: 37180156 PMCID: PMC10167768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common respiratory virus, which can lead to severe pneumonia in children and immunocompromised persons, and canonical inflammasomes are reported to be involved in anti-HAdV defense. However, whether HAdV induced noncanonical inflammasome activation has not been explored. This study aims to explore the broad roles of noncanonical inflammasomes during HAdV infection to investigate the regulatory mechanism of HAdV-induced pulmonary inflammatory damage. Methods We mined available data on GEO database and collected clinical samples from adenovirus pneumonia pediatric patients to investigate the expression of noncanonical inflammasome and its clinical relevance. An in vitro cell model was employed to investigate the roles of noncanonical inflammasomes in macrophages in response to HAdV infection. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that inflammasome-related genes, including caspase-4 and caspase-5, were enriched in adenovirus pneumonia. Moreover, caspase-4 and caspase-5 expression levels were significantly increased in the cells isolated from peripheral blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of pediatric patients with adenovirus pneumonia, and positively correlated with clinical parameters of inflammatory damage. In vitro experiments revealed that HAdV infection promoted caspase-4/5 expression, activation and pyroptosis in differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) human macrophages via NF-κB, rather than STING signaling pathway. Interestingly, silencing of caspase-4 and caspase-5 in dTHP-1 cells suppressed HAdV-induced noncanonical inflammasome activation and macrophage pyroptosis, and dramatically decreased the HAdV titer in cell supernatants, by influencing virus release rather than other stages of virus life cycle. Discussion In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HAdV infection induced macrophage pyroptosis by triggering noncanonical inflammasome activation via a NF-kB-dependent manner, which may explore new perspectives on the pathogenesis of HAdV-induced inflammatory damage. And high expression levels of caspase-4 and caspase-5 may be a biomarker for predicting the severity of adenovirus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Fan
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Xu
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diyuan Yang
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gen Lu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
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Sun J, Ma X, Zhang M, Xie M, Zhang X, Han X, Li X, Zhou E, Wang J, Wang J. Comparisons of lymphocytes profiles and inflammatory cytokines levels in blood of patients with differed severity of infection by human adenovirus type 7. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:174. [PMID: 36949406 PMCID: PMC10031703 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection outbreak causes community-acquired pneumonia. Cellular immune dysfunction and hypercytokinemia play important roles in the pathogenesis of adenovirus respiratory infection. Some soluble factors in peripheral blood can assist in judging the virus-induced disease severity. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines differ among patients with different disease severity. However, whether and how HAdV-7 infection influences the composition of blood immune cells and serum cytokine levels in patients at different disease stages, as well as the diagnosis values of these parameters, have rarely been intensively studied. We aimed to investigate lymphocytes profiles and cytokines levels in blood of patients at different disease stages upon human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infections, and explored the diagnosis values of the investigated parameters. METHODS Patients from two outbreaks of HAdV-7 in military of China were categorized into upper respiratory infection (URI) group, common pneumonia (CP) group and severe pneumonia (SP) group according to disease severity. Peripheral blood samples were subjected to routine laboratory tests, while flow cytometry and ELISA were used to measure the lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in blood, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to examine the diagnostic of these blood parameters. RESULTS Signs of imbalanced lymphocytes composition and hypercytokinemia were observed in HAdV-7-infected patients. The percentages of CD3+ T cells and NK cells were significantly decreased along with the aggravation of the disease, particularly for NK cells and CD4+ T cells. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased significantly in patients with more severe disease. In addition, the levels of serum CXCL10, IL-2 and TNF-α were positively correlated with disease severity, while reduced levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were found in SP patients. Furthermore, analysis of ROC showed that multiple parameters including the percentage of blood CD3+ cells and serum CXCL10 level could predict the progression of HAdV-7 infection. CONCLUSION Imbalance of immune state with hypercytokinemia occurred during HAdV-7 infection. The percentages of blood immune cells such as CD3+ T cells and the levels of serum cytokines such as CXCL10 showed potential diagnosis values in HAdV-7 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Sun
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Han
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfu Li
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, West Beijing Medical District of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, West Third Ring North Road, Haidian District, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Enlu Zhou
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Heishanhu Road, Haidian Distrit, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Yao G, Ma C, Liu J, Sun Z, Wei B. Interleukin-6 serum levels are independently associated with severe adenovirus pneumonia in children: a cross-sectional study. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1962-1971. [PMID: 36643667 PMCID: PMC9834950 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the potential association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels and severe adenovirus pneumonia (SAP) in children. METHODS A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children with SAP who presented to the Tianjin Children's Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. Serum IL-6 levels were categorized into quintiles (Q1-5). The primary outcome variable was the occurrence of SAP. The patients' clinical features, laboratory findings, and radiographic characteristics were also assessed, and a descriptive bivariate analysis was carried out. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship of IL-6 with SAP after adjustment for confounders. The nonlinear relationship between IL-6 and SAP was also analyzed. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In total, 542 patients met our inclusion criteria (223 males and 319 females). The mean IL-6 serum level was 38.51 pg/mL (range, 1.50-659.2 pg/mL). After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) per SD (standard deviation) increase in IL-6 was 1.66 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 2.41]. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of SAP across the Q1-Q5 categories of IL-6 were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 1.17 (0.59, 2.35), 1.79 (0.88, 3.63), 2.31 (1.12, 4.76), and 2.85 (1.32, 6.14) (P for trend =0.002). The risk of SAP increased with the IL-6 serum level up to 40.78 pg/mL (adjusted OR 1.029, 95% CI: 1.008-1.051; P=0.007); however, when the IL-6 level exceeded 40.78 pg/mL, it had no association with the risk of SAP (OR 1.003, 95% CI: 0.996-1.010; P=0.384). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the serum level of IL-6 is associated with the risk of SAP in children. The levels of IL-6 in children should therefore be of concern to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuian Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexuan Sun
- Department of Children's Internal Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Botao Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Cytokine Responses to Adenovirus and Adenovirus Vectors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050888. [PMID: 35632630 PMCID: PMC9145601 DOI: 10.3390/v14050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus infection is tightly regulated by the innate immune system. Cytokine-mediated toxicity and cytokine storm are known clinical phenomena observed following naturally disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts as well as when extremely high doses of adenovirus vectors are injected intravenously. This dose-dependent, cytokine-mediated toxicity compromises the safety of adenovirus-based vectors and represents a critical problem, limiting their utility for gene therapy applications and the therapy of disseminated cancer, where intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors may provide therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms triggering severe cytokine response are not sufficiently understood, prompting efforts to further investigate this phenomenon, especially in clinically relevant settings. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cytokine and chemokine activation in response to adenovirus- and adenovirus-based vectors and discuss the underlying mechanisms that may trigger acute cytokine storm syndrome. First, we review profiles of cytokines and chemokines that are activated in response to adenovirus infection initiated via different routes. Second, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to cytokine and chemokine transcriptional activation. We further highlight how immune cell types in different organs contribute to synthesis and systemic release of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus sensing. Finally, we review host factors that can limit cytokine and chemokine expression and discuss currently available and potential future interventional approaches that allow for the mitigation of the severity of the cytokine storm syndrome. Effective cytokine-targeted interventional approaches may improve the safety of systemic adenovirus delivery and thus broaden the potential clinical utility of adenovirus-based therapeutic vectors.
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Wang C, Zhao Y, Qiao H, Gao Z, Yang J, Chuai X. Hold Breath: Autonomic Neural Regulation of Innate Immunity to Defend Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:819638. [PMID: 35310398 PMCID: PMC8929440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.819638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel member of the genus of betacoronavirus, which caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The innate immune system plays a critical role in eliminating the virus, which induces inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion, produces different interferons, and activates the adaptive immune system. Interactions between the autonomic nervous system and innate immunity release neurotransmitters or neuropeptides to balance the excess secretion of inflammatory cytokines, control the inflammation, and restore the host homeostasis. However, more neuro-immune mechanisms to defend against viral infection should be elucidated. Here, we mainly review and provide our understanding and viewpoint on the interaction between respiratory viral proteins and host cell receptors, innate immune responses to respiratory viral infection, and the autonomic neural regulation of the innate immune system to control respiratory viruses caused by lungs and airways inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changle Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxiu Qiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyun Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Chuai,
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