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Hanssen DAT, Arts K, Nix WHV, Sweelssen NNB, Welbers TTJ, de Theije C, Wieten L, Pagen DME, Brinkhues S, Penders J, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Hoebe CJPA, Savelkoul PHM, van Loo IHM. SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral responses in vaccine-naive individuals during the first two waves of COVID-19 infections in the southern region of The Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based study. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0012624. [PMID: 38686954 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00126-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of highly transmissible variants of concern, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) still poses a global threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resurgence. Cellular responses to novel variants are more robustly maintained than humoral responses, and therefore, cellular responses are of interest in assessing immune protection against severe disease in the population. We aimed to assess cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. IFNγ (interferon γ) responses to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed using an ELISpot assay in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses: Ig (IgM and/or IgG) seronegative (n = 90) and seropositive (n = 181) with low (<300 U/mL) or high (≥300 U/mL) humoral responses to the spike receptor binding domain (anti-S-RBD). Among the seropositive participants, 71.3% (129/181) were IFNγ ELISpot positive, compared to 15.6% (14/90) among the seronegative participants. Common COVID-19 symptoms such as fever and ageusia were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seropositive participants, whereas no participant characteristics were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seronegative participants. Fever and/or dyspnea and anti-S-RBD levels were associated with higher IFNγ responses. Symptoms of more severe disease and higher anti-S-RBD responses were associated with higher IFNγ responses. A significant proportion (15.6%) of seronegative participants had a positive IFNγ ELISpot. Assessment of cellular responses may improve estimates of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the general population. IMPORTANCE Data on adaptive cellular immunity are of interest to define immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a population, which is important for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. This study provides data on associations between participant characteristics and cellular immune responses in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A T Hanssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Arts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W H V Nix
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N N B Sweelssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T T J Welbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C de Theije
- BioBank Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D M E Pagen
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Brinkhues
- Department of Knowledge and Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Groh AM, Vehreschild MJGT, Diaz D, Kuchta AL, Dodoo C, Alvarado LA, Parkin NT, Robbins EM, Moonsamy P, Toptan T, Ciesek S, Berger A. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection biomarkers in a household transmission study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12365. [PMID: 38811590 PMCID: PMC11136983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Timely and accurate diagnostic testing is vital to contain the spread of infection, reduce delays in treatment and care, and inform patient management. Optimal specimen type (e.g. nasal swabs or saliva), timing of sampling, viral marker assayed (RNA or antigen), and correlation with viral infectivity and COVID-19 symptoms severity remain incompletely defined. We conducted a field study to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 viral marker kinetics starting from very early times after infection. We measured RNA and antigen levels in nasal swabs and saliva, virus outgrowth in cell culture from nasal swabs, and antibody levels in blood in a cohort of 30 households. Nine household contacts (HHC) became infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the study. Viral RNA was detected in saliva specimens approximately 1-2 days before nasal swabs in six HHC. Detection of RNA was more sensitive than of antigen, but antigen detection was better correlated with culture positivity, a proxy for contagiousness. Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies peaked one to three weeks post-infection. Viral RNA and antigen levels were higher in specimens yielding replication competent virus in cell culture. This study provides important data that can inform how to optimally interpret SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Groh
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Damian Diaz
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Department 2 of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Luis A Alvarado
- Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA
- EP Statistical Consulting, LLC, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tuna Toptan
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annemarie Berger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Huang Y, Guo X, Wu Y, Chen X, Feng L, Xie N, Shen G. Nanotechnology's frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:34. [PMID: 38378653 PMCID: PMC10879169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to human health, attributed to factors such as the emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, changes in living environments and lifestyles, and the aging population. Despite rapid advancements in mechanistic research and drug development for these diseases, current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable side effects, necessitating the development of more effective and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided crucial technological support for the prevention, treatment, and detection of inflammation-associated diseases. Various types of nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles, serving as vaccine vehicles to enhance immunogenicity and as drug carriers to improve targeting and bioavailability. NPs can also directly combat pathogens and inflammation. In addition, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of biosensors for pathogen detection and imaging techniques for inflammatory diseases. This review categorizes and characterizes different types of NPs, summarizes their applications in the prevention, treatment, and detection of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It also discusses the challenges associated with clinical translation in this field and explores the latest developments and prospects. In conclusion, nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for the comprehensive management of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lixiang Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Şevgin Ö, Özer S. Effect of physical exercise on inactivated COVID-19 vaccine antibody response in the elderly. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:19-24. [PMID: 38339926 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise has been proposed as a new alternative to chemical adjuvants. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between regular exercise and post-vaccination antibody response in the elderly. METHODS The study was conducted with the elderly over the age of 65. 30 participants we randomized into 2 groups and divided into exercise and control groups. The experimental group received a 12-week exercise program. The control group was followed up without any exercise. The day on which the second dose of the vaccine was administered to all participants was considered day 0. The antibody level in the serum samples was taken 15 days and 12 weeks after the vaccination. The antibody concentration was measured after the second dose of vaccination. RESULTS The mean antibody level in the control group was 69.4 U/ml and 56.4 U/ml 15 days and 12 weeks after the second vaccination. The mean antibody level in the exercise group was 74 U/ml and 71.6 U/ml 15 days and 12 weeks after the second vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Regular exercise of light to moderate intensity may increase post-vaccination antibody response in the elderly. Therefore, exercise can be used as a behavioral adjuvant to improve the vaccine efficacy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Şevgin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Songül Özer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Holdenrieder S, Dos Santos Ferreira CE, Izopet J, Theel ES, Wieser A. Clinical and laboratory considerations: determining an antibody-based composite correlate of risk for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1290402. [PMID: 38222091 PMCID: PMC10788057 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jacques Izopet
- Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University Hospital and INFINITY Toulouse Institute for Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR 1291 CNRS UMR 5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Elitza S. Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Max Von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Munich, Germany
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Manzia TM, Sensi B, Conte LE, Siragusa L, Angelico R, Frongillo F, Tisone G. Evaluation of Humoral Response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Based Vaccination in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving Tailored Immunosuppressive Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6913. [PMID: 37959382 PMCID: PMC10650358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of tailored immunosuppression (IS) in the development of the humoral response (HR) to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccination in liver transplant (LT) recipients is unknown. Methods: This is a single-centre prospective study of patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and December 2021 and who have received three doses of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Patients undergoing Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression (TAC-IS) were compared with those undergoing Everolimus-based immunosuppression (EVR-IS). Patients receiving the TAC-EVR combination were divided into two groups based on trough TAC concentrations, i.e., above or below 5 ng/mL. HR (analysed with ECLIA) was assessed at 30 to 135 days after vaccination. The primary outcome was the presence of a positive antibody titre (≥0.8 U/mL). Secondary outcomes were the presence of a highly protective antibody titre (≥142 U/mL), median antibody titre, and incidence of COVID-19. Results: Sixty-one participants were included. Twenty-four (40%) were receiving TAC-IS and thirty-seven (60%) were receiving EVR-IS. At the median follow-up of 116 (range: 89-154) days, there were no significant differences in positive antibody titre (95.8% vs. 94.6%; p = 0.8269), highly-protective antibody titre (83.3% vs. 81.1%; p = 0.8231), median antibody titre (2410 [IQ range 350-2500] vs. 1670 [IQ range 380-2500]; p = 0.9450), and COVID-19 incidence (0% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.5148). High serum creatinine and low estimated glomerular filtration rate were risk factors for a weak or absent HR. Conclusions: Three doses of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination yielded a highly protective HR in LT recipients. The use of TAC or EVR-based IS does not appear to influence HR or antibody titre, while renal disease is a risk factor for a weak or null HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Maria Manzia
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy (B.S.)
| | - Bruno Sensi
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy (B.S.)
| | - Luigi Eduardo Conte
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy (B.S.)
| | - Leandro Siragusa
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy (B.S.)
| | - Roberta Angelico
- Department of Surgical Science, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy (B.S.)
| | - Francesco Frongillo
- Department of Surgery-Transplantation Service, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Surgery-Transplantation Service, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Cree BAC, Maddux R, Bar‐Or A, Hartung H, Kaur A, Brown E, Li Y, Hu Y, Sheffield JK, Silva D, Harris S. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection in ozanimod-treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1725-1737. [PMID: 37550942 PMCID: PMC10578897 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the serologic response, predictors of response, and clinical outcomes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and infection in ozanimod-treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) from DAYBREAK. METHODS DAYBREAK (ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT02576717), an open-label extension study of oral ozanimod 0.92 mg, enrolled participants aged 18-55 years with RMS who completed phase 1-3 ozanimod trials. Participants who were fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with mRNA or non-mRNA vaccines, were unvaccinated, and/or had COVID-19-related adverse events (AEs, with or without vaccination) and postvaccination serum samples were included (n = 288). Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody levels (seroconversion: ≥0.8 U/mL) and serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (nucleocapsid IgG: ≥1 U/mL) were assessed (Roche Elecsys/Cobas e411 platform). RESULTS In fully vaccinated participants (n = 148), spike RBD antibody seroconversion occurred in 90% (n = 98/109) of those without serologic evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure (100% [n = 80/80] seroconversion after mRNA vaccination) and in 100% (n = 39/39) of participants with serologic evidence of viral exposure. mRNA vaccination predicted higher spike RBD antibody levels, whereas absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), age, body mass index, and sex did not. COVID-19-related AEs were reported in 10% (n = 15/148) of fully vaccinated participants-all were nonserious and not severe; all participants recovered. INTERPRETATION Most ozanimod-treated participants with RMS mounted a serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, regardless of participant characteristics or ALC levels. In this analysis, all COVID-19-related AEs post-full vaccination in participants taking ozanimod were nonserious and not severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. C. Cree
- Department of NeurologyWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Amit Bar‐Or
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroinflammation, and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hans‐Peter Hartung
- Department of NeurologyMedical Faculty, Heinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Palacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Yicong Li
- Bristol Myers SquibbPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Bristol Myers SquibbPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
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Megasari NLA, Yamani LN, Juniastuti J, Lusida MI, Mori Y. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16142. [PMID: 37780375 PMCID: PMC10538276 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To limit the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the Indonesian government launched a COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. Studies on the clinical treatment and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination have shown promising results; however, it is necessary to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 vaccines, especially CoronaVac, on Indonesian healthcare workers. To get a better picture of how the vaccines work in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibody induced by the COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who have already received two-to-three doses of vaccines. Materials and Methods Four-hundred and ninety-six whole-blood samples were collected from participants residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who received a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. Serums were then isolated from the blood and subjected to detect SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Results The prevalence of positive anti-S-IgG antibodies was 91.7% (455/496) in all participants receiving a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. As many as 209 (85.3%) and 141 (96.6%) participants were seropositive for receiving CoronaVac and AstraZeneca, respectively. Meanwhile, all participants receiving two-dose CoronaVac with one booster dose of Moderna (105/100%) were seropositive (p < 0.05). Age, comorbidity, and time after the last vaccine were significantly correlated with seropositivity (p < 0.05). Conclusion Different vaccines might produce different antibody responses. Adopting a stronger policy regarding the administration of booster doses might be beneficial to elicit positive anti-S-IgG antibodies, especially among older individuals, those with comorbid diseases, and those with a longer time after the second vaccination dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Luh Ayu Megasari
- Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Juniastuti Juniastuti
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Woopen C, Dunsche M, Al Rahbani GK, Dillenseger A, Atta Y, Haase R, Raposo C, Pedotti R, Ziemssen T, Akgün K. Long-Term Immune Response Profiles to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection in People with Multiple Sclerosis on Anti-CD20 Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1464. [PMID: 37766140 PMCID: PMC10537223 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on B-cell depleting treatment (BCDT) compared to pwMS without immunotherapy. We further evaluated the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination timing. PwMS (n = 439) on BCDT (ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab) or without immunotherapy were recruited for this prospective cohort study between June 2021 and June 2022. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies and interferon-γ release of CD4 and CD8 T-cells upon stimulation with spike protein peptide pools were analyzed at different timepoints (after primary vaccination, 3 and 6 months after primary vaccination, after booster vaccination, 3 months after booster). Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 was consistently lower whereas T-cell response was higher in patients with BCDT compared to controls. Cellular and humoral responses decreased over time after primary vaccination and increased again upon booster vaccination, with significantly higher antibody titers after booster than after primary vaccination in both untreated and B-cell-depleted pwMS. COVID-19 infection further led to a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific responses. Despite attenuated B-cell responses, a third vaccination for patients with BCDT seems recommendable, since at least partial protection can be expected from the strong T-cell response. Moreover, our data show that an assessment of T-cell responses may be helpful in B-cell-depleted patients to evaluate the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Woopen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Dunsche
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georges Katoul Al Rahbani
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Dillenseger
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yassin Atta
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rocco Haase
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Kayalı GA, Durmaz S, Şahin İN, Akkul B, Durusoy R, Akarca FK, Ulukaya S, Çiçek C. COVID-19 Infection, Vaccination, and Antibody Levels: Investigating Correlations through a Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1258. [PMID: 37515073 PMCID: PMC10385857 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to explore the potential correlation between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and levels of anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies. METHODS Among 6050 healthcare workers at the Ege University Hospital, a cohort study with 162 participants divided into three arms with 54 participants each was conducted. The three groups were selected as follows: those diagnosed with COVID-19 and not vaccinated (group 1), those diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently vaccinated with CoronaVac (group 2), and those not diagnosed with COVID-19 but vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (group 3). Antibody levels measured at the sixth month of follow-up were defined as the primary outcome. RESULTS At the sixth month, all serum samples tested positive for anti-S. Anti-S levels were found to be significantly higher in group 2 than in the other groups (p < 0.001). There were no differences in antibody levels between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.080). Average antibody levels were found to be lower in office workers and males. Anti-N antibodies were found to be positive in 85.1% of subjects at the sixth month. In group 2, anti-N antibodies were detected in all samples at the sixth month. Anti-N antibody levels were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.165). Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher antibody levels than group 3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination or infection provide protection for at least 6 months. Those who have previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 do not need to be vaccinated in the early period before their antibody levels decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Akkuş Kayalı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Seyfi Durmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - İrem Nur Şahin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Betül Akkul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Raika Durusoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Funda Karbek Akarca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Ulukaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Candan Çiçek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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11
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Kokogho A, Crowell TA, Aleissa M, Lupan AM, Davey S, Park Chang JB, Baden LR, Walsh SR, Sherman AC. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad349. [PMID: 37520415 PMCID: PMC10372870 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination reduces the risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several variables may impact the humoral response among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated HSCT recipients between 2020 and 2022 at a single center in Boston, Massachusetts. Patients age ≥18 years who received doses of Pfizer, Moderna, or J&J vaccines were included. Anti-spike (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer levels were measured using the Roche assay. Responders (≥0.8 U/mL) and nonresponders (<0.8 U/mL) were categorized and analyzed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to estimate the correlation coefficient and odds ratio of response magnitude and status. Results Of 152 HSCT recipients, 141 (92.8%) were responders, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) anti-S IgG titer of 2500 (107.9-2500) U/mL at a median (IQR) of 80.5 (36-153.5) days from last dose, regardless of the number of doses received. Higher quantitative titers were associated with receipt of more vaccine doses (coeff, 205.79; 95% CI, 30.10 to 381.47; P = .022), being female (coeff, 343.5; 95% CI, -682.6 to -4.4; P = .047), being younger (<65 years; coeff, 365.2; 95% CI, -711.3 to 19.1; P = .039), and not being on anti-CD20 therapy (coeff, -1163.7; 95% CI, -1717.7 to -609.7; P = .001). Being male (odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.93; P = .04) and being on anti-CD20 therapy (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.70; P = .016) were associated with nonresponse. Conclusions Overall, most HSCT recipients had high SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. More vaccine doses improved the magnitude of immune responses. Anti-S IgG monitoring may be useful for identifying attenuated vaccine-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoke Kokogho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Muneerah Aleissa
- Present affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana-Mihaela Lupan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonya Davey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Bai Park Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen R Walsh
- Correspondence: Stephen R. Walsh, MDCM, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A-4, Boston, MA 02115 (); or Amy C. Sherman, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A-4, Boston, MA 02115 ()
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Correspondence: Stephen R. Walsh, MDCM, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A-4, Boston, MA 02115 (); or Amy C. Sherman, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A-4, Boston, MA 02115 ()
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12
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mRNA-Based Vaccine for COVID-19: They Are New but Not Unknown! Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030507. [PMID: 36992091 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines take advantage of the mechanism that our cells use to produce proteins. Our cells produce proteins based on the knowledge contained in our DNA; each gene encodes a unique protein. The genetic information is essential, but cells cannot use it until mRNA molecules convert it into instructions for producing specific proteins. mRNA vaccinations provide ready-to-use mRNA instructions for constructing a specific protein. BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) both are newly approved mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines that have shown excellent protection and efficacy. In total, there are five more mRNA-based vaccine candidates for COVID-19 under different phases of clinical development. This review is specifically focused on mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 covering its development, mechanism, and clinical aspects.
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13
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Aijaz J, Kanani F, Naseer F. Utility of Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S in ascertaining post-vaccine neutralizing antibodies. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2023; 3:100137. [PMID: 36644775 PMCID: PMC9832685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With widespread global COVID-19 vaccine coverage, a scalable, cost-effective, and standardized tool to ascertain post-vaccine immunity is a dire need. Neither clinical evaluations of vaccine efficacy, nor live virus antibody neutralization assays fulfill these criteria. Commercially available anti-S binding immunological assays have the potential to fill this gap, but need to be systematically evaluated for their utility to serve as surrogates for the aforementioned, widely accepted tools of determining vaccine efficacy. In this study, we evaluated an anti-S binding immunological assay (Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S) by utilizing two hundred and fifty-five archived serum specimens, either pre-pandemic, or those exposed to natural infections or vaccines with their neutralizing titers pre-determined through a live virus, pseudotyped antibody neutralization assay. Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S demonstrated good sensitivity (98%) and specificity (99%), just as has been reported in some other previously conducted studies using this assay. Only a mild correlation, however, with the live virus pseudotyped lentivirus antibody neutralization assay (Spearman's r = 0.26) was observed. We conclude that, as such, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 S proteins, though the assay does not always correlate well with live virus assays for quantitative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Aijaz
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Plot C-76, Sector 31/5, Opposite، Crossing، Darussalam Society Sector 39 Korangi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,Corresponding author
| | - Fatima Kanani
- Chemical Pathology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Naseer
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Plot C-76, Sector 31/5, Opposite، Crossing، Darussalam Society Sector 39 Korangi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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14
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Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Maglinao M, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R, Jochum S. Quantifying the Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Response to Spike-Receptor Binding Domain as a Surrogate for Neutralization Testing Following mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) Vaccination Against COVID-19. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:177-191. [PMID: 36376733 PMCID: PMC9663276 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need for automated, high-throughput assays to quantify immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study assessed the combined utility of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) and the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ACOV2N) assays using samples from the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax™) phase 2 trial (NCT04405076). METHODS Samples from 593 healthy participants in two age cohorts (18-54 and ≥ 55 years), who received two injections with placebo (n = 198) or mRNA-1273 (50 μg [n = 197] or 100 μg [n = 198]), were collected at days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43, and 57. ACOV2S results were used to assess humoral response to vaccination in different subgroups and were compared to live virus microneutralization assay. Samples from patients with either previous or concomitant infection (identified per ACOV2N) were analyzed separately. RESULTS Receptor-binding domain-specific antibodies were readily detectable by ACOV2S for the vast majority of participants (174/189, 92.1% [50 μg dose] and 178/192, 92.7% [100 μg dose]) at the first post-vaccination assessment, with non-converters predominantly older in age. Seroconversion for all participants was observed at day 29 (before the second vaccine dose). Two weeks after the first dose, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody levels was 1.37-fold higher in the 100 versus 50 μg group (p = 0.0098), reducing to 1.09-fold 2 weeks after the second dose (p = 0.0539, n.s.). In both dose groups, a more pronounced response was observed in the younger versus older age group on day 15 (50 μg, 2.49-fold [p < 0.0001]; 100 μg, 3.94-fold [p < 0.0001] higher GMC, respectively), and day 29 (1.93-fold, p = 0.0002, and 2.44-fold, p < 0.0001). Eight subjects had previous or concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination boosted their humoral response to very high ACOV2S results compared to infection-naïve recipients. ACOV2S strongly correlated with microneutralization (Pearson's r = 0.779; p < 0.0001), including good qualitative agreement. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that ACOV2S is a highly valuable assay for tracking vaccine-related immune responses. Combined application with ACOV2N enables monitoring for breakthrough infection or stratification of previous natively infected individuals. The adaptive measuring range and high resolution of ACOV2S allow for early identification of seroconversion and resolution of very high titers and longitudinal differences between subgroups. Additionally, good correlation with live virus microneutralization suggests that ACOV2S is a reliable estimate of neutralization capacity in routine diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Kirste
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sayuri Hortsch
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Veit Peter Grunert
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Holly Legault
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Maha Maglinao
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Basel Kashlan
- Lab Operations, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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15
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Jaggaiahgari S, Munigela A, Mitnala S, Gujjarlapudi D, Simhadri V, D NR. Heterologous Booster Dose with CORBEVAX following Primary Vaccination with COVISHIELD Enhances Protection against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122146. [PMID: 36560556 PMCID: PMC9781398 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite effective vaccination programs, waning immunity in the vaccinated populations and the emergence of variants of concern posed a risk of breakthrough infections. A booster dose was demonstrated to provide substantially increased protection against symptomatic disease and hospitalization. We aimed to evaluate immune memory and the efficacy of reducing the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection post heterologous booster with CORBEVAX after primary vaccination with two doses of COVISHIELD. SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 spike IgG and RBD-specific antibody responses were elicited with both booster vaccines, with a greater response in individuals receiving heterologous booster. T and B memory responses were increased with booster dose, whereas B memory needed a longer duration to develop in individuals who received a homologous booster (90 days) in comparison to a heterologous booster (30 days). RBD-specific B memory and antibody-secreting (non-memory) B lymphocytes were enhanced with both boosters; however, the duration of response was longer with the heterologous booster compared to the homologous, indicating greater protection with the heterologous booster. The rate of infection 14 days after administration of the heterologous booster was comparatively lower than that of the homologous booster, with the symptoms being much less or asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar Jaggaiahgari
- Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Apoorva Munigela
- Department of Internal Medicine, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad 500032, India
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Venu Simhadri
- Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Nageshwar Reddy D
- Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad 500032, India
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16
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Immunogenicity, Immune Dynamics, and Subsequent Response to the Booster Dose of Heterologous versus Homologous Prime-Boost Regimens with Adenoviral Vector and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine among Liver Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122126. [PMID: 36560535 PMCID: PMC9781301 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heterologous prime-boost vaccination potentially augments the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant (LT) recipients. We investigated immunogenicity induced by different primary prime-boost vaccination protocols and the subsequent response to the booster vaccine among LT recipients. Methods: LT recipients, who received primary immunisation with ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1 or ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, were administered the third dose of mRNA-1273 three months following the primary vaccination. Blood samples were collected before and after primary vaccination and post-booster. The levels of receptor binding domain antibody (anti-RBD) and neutralising antibody (sVNT) and spike-specific T-cell responses were assessed. Results: Among the 89 LT recipients, patients receiving ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 had significantly higher anti-RBD titres, sVNT, and cellular response after primary vaccination than those receiving ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1 (p < 0.05). The antibody response decreased 12 weeks after the primary vaccination. After the booster, humoral and cellular responses significantly improved, with comparable seroconversion rates between the heterologous and homologous groups. Positive sVNT against the wild type occurred in >90% of LT patients, with only 12.3% positive against the Omicron variant. Conclusions: ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 evoked a significantly higher immunological response than ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1 in LT recipients. The booster strategy substantially induced robust immunity against wild type in most patients but was less effective against the Omicron strain.
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Fujimoto K, Mutsuo S, Yasuda Y, Arasawa S, Tashima N, Iwashima D, Takahashi KI. Treatment with Sotrovimab and Casirivimab/Imdevimab Enhances Serum SARS-CoV-2 S Antibody Levels in Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.5 Variants. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:996-1003. [PMID: 36547245 PMCID: PMC9778297 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neutralizing ability of sotrovimab and casirivimab/imdevimab against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is attenuated in the subvariant BA.5. However, the efficacy of sotrovimab in the clinical setting remains to be investigated. Methods: Patients admitted to Kishiwada City Hospital with COVID-19 delta, omicron BA.1, or BA.5 subvariants were evaluated retrospectively for serum SARS-CoV-2 S and N antibody levels using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Results: In patients with COVID-19 during the BA.5 wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody titers (median [interquartile range]) increased from 2154.0 (864.0−6669.3) U/mL on day 0 to 21,371.0 (19,656.3−32,225.0) U/mL on day 3 in the group treated with sotrovimab (N = 40) and were significantly higher than in the group treated with remdesivir plus dexamethasone plus baricitinib (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Treatment with sotrovimab could prevent severe disease in high-risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 subvariant BA.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Mutsuo
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 59-8501, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuto Yasuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Soichi Arasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iwashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kishiwada City Hospital, 1001 Gakuhara-cho, Kishiwada-shi 596-8501, Osaka, Japan
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Taffertshofer K, Walter M, Mackeben P, Kraemer J, Potapov S, Jochum S. Design and performance characteristics of the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002576. [PMID: 36532081 PMCID: PMC9756759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Automated, high throughput assays are required to quantify the immune response after infection with or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study on the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) assay provides insights on the assay design and performance. Methods The ACOV2S assay quantifies antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The assigned units and the underlying standardization were compared to the international reference standard in BAU/mL. Assay specificity was assessed in samples (n=5981) collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and in samples from patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory infections (n=697) or other infectious diseases (n=771). Sensitivity was measured in 1313 samples from patients with mild COVID-19 and 297 samples from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Comparison of results was performed to a comparator semi-quantitative anti-S1 assay of indirect detection format as well as a commercially available and an in-house version of a surrogate neutralization assay (ACE2-RBD). Results The originally assigned units for the ACOV2S assay were shown to be congruent to the units of the First International WHO Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins. Overall specificity was 99.98% with no geographical differences noted and no loss of specificity in samples containing potentially cross-reacting antibodies. High sensitivity was observed, with 98.8% of samples reported to be reactive >14 days after infection and sustained detection of antibodies over time. For all samples, ACOV2S titers and neutralization capacities developed with comparable dynamics. Robust standardization and assay setup enable excellent reproducibility of results, independent of lot or analyzer used. Conclusion The results from this study confirmed that ACOV2S is a highly sensitive and specific assay and correlates well with surrogate neutralization assays. The units established for ACOV2S are also interchangeable with the units of the First International WHO Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins. Worldwide availability of the assay and analyzers render ACOV2S a highly practical tool for population-wide assessment and monitoring of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Taffertshofer
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Walter
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Peter Mackeben
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kraemer
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sergej Potapov
- Biostatistics & Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Simon Jochum,
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Rueda-Fernández M, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Costela-Ruiz VJ, González-Acedo A, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montes R. The current status of COVID-19 vaccines. A scoping review. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103336. [PMID: 35995361 PMCID: PMC9389839 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new disease that has led to a worldwide pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and a high economic burden. Here, we analyze the current status of preventive vaccines authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Published clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of mRNA (BNT162b2 and Spikevax), adenovirus vector-based (Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), and recombinant protein S (NVX-CoV2373) vaccines to be between 52.9% and 100%. The most-frequent adverse effects include local pain, fatigue, headache, or chills. Serious events are associated with Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rueda-Fernández
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, C/ Cortadura del Valle, Sn, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Anabel González-Acedo
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Melilla, University of Granada, C/ Santander, 1, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Woopen C, Dunsche M, Haase R, Raposo C, Pedotti R, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Timing of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Matters in People With Multiple Sclerosis on Pulsed Anti-CD20 Treatment. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200031. [PMID: 36224045 PMCID: PMC9558629 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our objective was to investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in a cohort of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on pulsed B-cell-depleting treatment (BCDT). In particular, we intended to evaluate a possible association between immune responses and the timing of vaccination under BCDT. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among pwMS on pulsed BCDT or without disease-modifying treatment after completed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Samples were collected during routine clinical visits at the Multiple Sclerosis Center Dresden, Germany, between June 2021 and September 2021. Blood was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies and interferon-γ release of CD4 and CD8 T cells on stimulation with spike protein peptide pools. Lymphocyte subpopulations and total immunoglobulin levels in the blood were measured as part of clinical routine. RESULTS We included 160 pwMS in our analysis, comprising 133 pwMS on BCDT (n = 132 on ocrelizumab and n = 1 on rituximab) and 27 without disease-modifying treatment. Humoral and cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses were reciprocally regulated by the time between the last BCDT cycle and vaccination. Although antibody responses increased with prolonged intervals between the last BCDT cycle and vaccination, CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were higher in pwMS vaccinated at early time points after the last BCDT cycle compared with untreated pwMS. T-cellular vaccination responses correlated with total, CD3 CD4, and partly with CD3 CD8 lymphocyte counts. Humoral responses correlated with CD19 lymphocyte counts. Status post coronavirus disease 2019 infection led to significantly increased SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses. DISCUSSION Delaying BCDT is currently discussed as a strategy to optimize humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, T cells represent an important line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well, especially in light of emerging variants of concern. We observed enhanced CD4 and CD8 T-cellular responses in pwMS receiving vaccination at early time points after their last BCDT cycle. These data may influence clinical decision making with respect to vaccination strategies in patients receiving BCDT.
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Kister I, Curtin R, Pei J, Perdomo K, Bacon TE, Voloshyna I, Kim J, Tardio E, Velmurugu Y, Nyovanie S, Valeria Calderon A, Dibba F, Stanzin I, Samanovic MI, Raut P, Raposo C, Priest J, Cabatingan M, Winger RC, Mulligan MJ, Patskovsky Y, Silverman GJ, Krogsgaard M. Hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity against SAR-CoV-2 in MS patients on different disease-modifying therapies. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1643-1659. [PMID: 36165097 PMCID: PMC9538694 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare "hybrid immunity" (prior COVID-19 infection plus vaccination) and post-vaccination immunity to SARS CoV-2 in MS patients on different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and to assess the impact of vaccine product and race/ethnicity on post-vaccination immune responses. METHODS Consecutive MS patients from NYU MS Care Center (New York, NY), aged 18-60, who completed primary COVID-19 vaccination series ≥6 weeks previously were evaluated for SARS CoV-2-specific antibody responses with electro-chemiluminescence and multiepitope bead-based immunoassays and, in a subset, live virus immunofluorescence-based microneutralization assay. SARS CoV-2-specific cellular responses were assessed with cellular stimulation TruCulture IFNγ and IL-2 assay and, in a subset, with IFNγ and IL-2 ELISpot assays. Multivariate analyses examined associations between immunologic responses and prior COVID-19 infection while controlling for age, sex, DMT at vaccination, time-to-vaccine, and vaccine product. RESULTS Between 6/01/2021 and 11/11/2021, 370 MS patients were recruited (mean age 40.6 years; 76% female; 53% non-White; 22% with prior infection; common DMT classes: ocrelizumab 40%; natalizumab 15%, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators 13%; and no DMT 8%). Vaccine-to-collection time was 18.7 (±7.7) weeks and 95% of patients received mRNA vaccines. In multivariate analyses, patients with laboratory-confirmed prior COVID-19 infection had significantly increased antibody and cellular post-vaccination responses compared to those without prior infection. Vaccine product and DMT class were independent predictors of antibody and cellular responses, while race/ethnicity was not. INTERPRETATION Prior COVID-19 infection is associated with enhanced antibody and cellular post-vaccine responses independent of DMT class and vaccine type. There were no differences in immune responses across race/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kister
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Ryan Curtin
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Jinglan Pei
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine Perdomo
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Tamar E. Bacon
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Iryna Voloshyna
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Joseph Kim
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Ethan Tardio
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Yogambigai Velmurugu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Samantha Nyovanie
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Andrea Valeria Calderon
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Fatoumatta Dibba
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Igda Stanzin
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Pranil Raut
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark J. Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yury Patskovsky
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Gregg J. Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of PathologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew York10016USA
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22
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The Waxing, Waning, and Predictors of Humoral Responses to Vector-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091537. [PMID: 36146615 PMCID: PMC9502593 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have a high mortality rate. We evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody (ACOV2S) levels in 385 HD patients before and 4 and 8 weeks after the second dose of vector-based ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. For study control, week 4 ACOV2S levels after the second vaccination dose were measured in 66 healthcare workers (HCWs). The seroconversion rate of HD patients was 98.96% 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Despite low antibody levels before the second dose (week 0), week 4 ACOV2S levels after the second vaccine dose in HD patients increased prominently and were compatible with those in HCWs (p = 0.814 for HCWs vs. HD patients). The ACOV2S levels in HD patients waned significantly 8 weeks after the second vaccination dose (p < 0.001 at week 8 vs. 4). Older age and immunosuppressant use were negative predictors, while higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were positive predictors of ACOV2S waxing after the second vaccine dose in HD patients. Higher CRP levels and platelet counts were independently associated with decreased ACOV2S waning. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is effective and safe for primary vaccination in HD patients and a booster dose is necessary.
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23
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Bonifacio MA, Laterza R, Vinella A, Schirinzi A, Defilippis M, Di Serio F, Ostuni A, Fasanella A, Mariggiò MA. Correlation between In Vitro Neutralization Assay and Serological Tests for Protective Antibodies Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179566. [PMID: 36076960 PMCID: PMC9455156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays are useful in investigating the development of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of epidemiological studies focusing on the spread of protective immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold standard method to assess the titer of protective antibodies in serum samples. However, to provide a result, the PRNT requires several days, skilled operators, and biosafety level 3 laboratories. Therefore, alternative methods are being assessed to establish a relationship between their outcomes and PRNT results. In this work, four different immunoassays (Roche Elecsys® Anti SARS-CoV-2 S, Snibe MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG, Snibe MAGLUMI® 2019-nCoV IgG, and EUROIMMUN® SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA assays, respectively) have been performed on individuals healed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The correlation between each assay and the reference method has been explored through linear regression modeling, as well as through the calculation of Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Furthermore, the ability of serological tests to discriminate samples with high titers of neutralizing antibodies (>160) has been assessed by ROC curve analyses, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and positive predictive agreement. The EUROIMMUN® NeutraLISA assay displayed the best correlation with PRNT results (Pearson and Spearman coefficients equal to 0.660 and 0.784, respectively), as well as the ROC curve with the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (0.857, 0.889, and 0.829, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Addolorata Bonifacio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Laterza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Vinella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Schirinzi
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Defilippis
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Serio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Ostuni
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Fasanella
- Istituto Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Niyas VKM, Arjun R, Titus L, Hussain F, Sreelakshmi SL, Jomes J, Gupta N. Hybrid immunity versus vaccine immunity among Indian health care workers after ChAdOx-nCov-19 vaccine. QJM 2022; 115:565-566. [PMID: 35781827 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V K M Niyas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - R Arjun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - L Titus
- Laboratory Medicine, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - F Hussain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - S L Sreelakshmi
- Internal Medicine, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - J Jomes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695029, India
| | - N Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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25
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Quantitative Analysis of Anti-N and Anti-S Antibody Titers of SARS-CoV-2 Infection after the Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071143. [PMID: 35891307 PMCID: PMC9321317 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantitatively analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in patients after two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and the third BNT162b2 booster. We obtained 255 serum samples from 149 healthcare workers 1 and 4 months after the third dose. Of the 149 participants, 58 (38.9%) experienced COVID-19 infection during the 4-month study period, with infection occurring 7−62 days before the second blood draw. Total antibody titers against the anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays (Roche), respectively. The median anti-S antibody titer in the non-infected groups at 4 months after the third dose was significantly decreased compared to that at 1 month after the third dose (from 17,777 to 3673 U/mL, p < 0.001). The infected group showed higher median anti-S antibody titers at 4 months (19,539 U/mL) than the non-infected group (3673 U/mL). The median anti-N antibody titer in the infected group at 4 months after the third dose was a 5.07 cut-off index (79.3% positivity). Anti-N antibody titers in the infected group were correlated with the number of days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data provide useful information for determining quarantine strategies and fourth vaccination requirements.
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26
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Mahallawi W, Ibrahim N. Unexpected Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Before the Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:923715. [PMID: 35899210 PMCID: PMC9309723 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited information is currently available regarding the global incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections prior to the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may result in improper conclusions regarding the timing of viral transmission. Methods We investigated the presence of specific antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in archived serum samples that were collected from 478 healthy blood donors and patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2019 and January 2020. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. In addition, rheumatoid factor (RF) and urea dissociation tests were performed in all samples, which showed seropositivity for the SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody. Additionally, Chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) targeting the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein were performed to confirm the seropositivity of the samples. Results Overall, 20 (4.18%) serum samples were detected by ELISA to have SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM antibodies. Of these, 12 (2.51%) samples were positive for IgM antibody, and 8 (1.67%) were positive for IgG antibody. The 12 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody were subjected to RF and urea dissociation tests, and all samples were RF-negative. The ELISA results were negative for 7 (58.33%) samples when subjected to urea dissociation prior to ELISA, whereas the other 5 (41.67%) samples remained positive. These 5 samples remained positive for the anti-S RBD IgG antibody in the CLIA. In addition, 3 of the 8 samples with IgG positivity according to the ELISA remained positive in the CLIA. After reviewing their data, we discovered that the 8 CLIA-confirmed positive samples were obtained from returned travellers who had visited China during the 4-week period immediately preceding blood donation. Conclusion In conclusion, we found evidence to support the early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among persons who visited China a few months prior to the pandemic declaration. These results can be used to better define the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals before the pandemic was declared in China could rewrite the pre-pandemic timeline.
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27
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Ozdede A, Nohut OK, Atli Z, Tok YT, Guner S, Yilmaz E, Ucar D, Uygunoglu U, Hamuryudan V, Seyahi E. Higher antibody responses after mRNA-based vaccine compared to inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Behcet's syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1741-1750. [PMID: 35779083 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are limited data about humoral response to vaccine in Behçet's syndrome (BS). We compared SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after two doses of inactivated (Sinovac/CoronaVac) or mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in patients with BS and healthy controls (HCs). We studied 166 (92M/74F) patients with BS (mean age: 42.9 ± 9.6 years) and 165 (75M/90F) healthy controls (mean age: 42.4 ± 10.4 years), in a single-center cross-sectional design between April 2021 and October 2021. A total of 80 patients with BS and 89 HCs received two doses of CoronaVac, while 86 patients with BS and 76 HCs were vaccinated with BioNTech. All study subjects had a negative history for COVID-19. Serum samples were collected at least 21 days after the second dose of the vaccine. Anti-spike IgG antibody titers were measured quantitatively using a commercially available immunoassay method. We found that the great majority in both patient and HC groups had detectable antibodies after either CoronaVac (96.3% vs 100%) or BioNTech (98.8% vs 100%). Among those vaccinated with CoronaVac, BS patients had significantly lower median (IQR) titers compared to HCs [36.5 (12.5-128.5) vs 102 (59-180), p < 0.001]. On the other hand, antibody titers did not differ among patients with BS and HCs who were vaccinated with BioNTech [1648.5 (527.0-3693.8) vs 1516.0 (836.3-2599.5), p = 0.512). Among different treatment regimen subgroups in both vaccine groups, those who were using anti-TNF-based treatment had the lowest antibody titers. However, the difference was statistically significant only among those vaccinated with CoronaVac. Among patients vaccinated with BioNTech, there was no statistically significant difference between different treatment regimen groups. Compared to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-based vaccine elicited higher antibody titers among BS patients. Only in the CoronaVac group, patients especially those using anti-TNF agents were found to have low titers compared to healthy subjects. BS patients vaccinated with BioNTech were found to have similar seroconversion rates and antibody levels compared to healthy controls. Further studies should assess whether the low antibody titers are associated with diminished protection against COVID-19 in both vaccine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozdede
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 81310, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan Kadir Nohut
- Fikret Biyal Central Research Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Atli
- Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Tuyji Tok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Guner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 81310, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didar Ucar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Uygunoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 81310, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 81310, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
The study aimed to establish the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG and IgM) and the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay in vaccinated individuals. A panel of serum samples from Boca Biolistics was utilized to assess antibodies following vaccination, consisting of samples drawn prior to vaccination, after the first dose, or at least 14 days after the second dose of Moderna mRNA-1273 or Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines. Agreement between the two methods was measured and stratified by test evaluator and assay lot. Agreement between the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay qualitative measurements at the different assessment points for both mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 ranged between 97.06% (95% confidence interval [CI] 84.67, 99.93) to 100% (95% CI 82.35, 100). Agreement of the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) with the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay was not highly influenced by either lot or evaluator. There was a medium-to-strong correlation between the semiquantitative SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) result and quantitative Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay in samples taken after both doses of the vaccines, with higher intensity bands being associated with higher total anti-S antibody titer (mRNA-1273, P = 0.0019; BNT162b2, P < 0.0001). Conclusion Semiquantitative SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) and quantitative Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay correlated well, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) is helpful in understanding the immune response postvaccination. The current data support the use of the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) in the vaccinated population. IMPORTANCE Serologic assays are an essential tool for seroprevalence surveys, for quality control of vaccines, and to determine the response to vaccination. Although a correlate of immunity has not yet been established for COVID-19 vaccines, antibody titers after natural infection and vaccination have been associated with protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rapid point-of-care assays can be of use in this context with advantages over centralized testing, such as speed and ease of use. The point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) compared favorably to the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay with agreement rates above 97.06%, after one or two doses of Moderna mRNA-1273 or Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2. Semiquantitative SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) and quantitative Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay results correlated well, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) is helpful in understanding the immune response postvaccination. The current data support the use of the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antibody Test (IgG) in the vaccinated population.
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29
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Polvere I, Parrella A, Zerillo L, Voccola S, Cardinale G, D'Andrea S, Madera JR, Stilo R, Vito P, Zotti T. Humoral Immune Response Diversity to Different COVID-19 Vaccines: Implications for the "Green Pass" Policy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833085. [PMID: 35634315 PMCID: PMC9130843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic year 2021, several countries have implemented a vaccine certificate policy, the “Green Pass Policy” (GPP), to reduce virus spread and to allow safe relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions and reopening of social and economic activities. The rationale for the GPP is based on the assumption that vaccinated people should maintain a certain degree of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe and compare, for the first time, the humoral immune response to mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in terms of antibody titer elicited, neutralizing activity, and epitope reactogenicity among 369 individuals aged 19 to 94 years. In parallel, we also considered the use of a rapid test for the determination of neutralizing antibodies as a tool to guide policymakers in defining booster vaccination strategies and eligibility for Green Pass. Our analysis demonstrates that the titer of antibodies directed towards the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is significantly associated with age and vaccine type. Moreover, natural COVID-19 infection combined with vaccination results, on average, in higher antibody titer and higher neutralizing activity as compared to fully vaccinated individuals without prior COVID-19. We also found that levels of anti-Spike RBD antibodies are not always strictly associated with the extent of inhibition of RBD-ACE2 binding, as we could observe different neutralizing activities in sera with similar anti-RBD concentrations. Finally, we evaluated the reactivity to four synthetic peptides derived from Spike protein on a randomly selected serum sample and observed that similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination elicits a heterogeneous antibody response with qualitative individual features. On the basis of our results, the use of rapid devices to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies, even on a large scale and repeatedly over time, appears helpful in determining the duration of the humoral protection elicited by vaccination. These aspects and their implications for the GPP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Polvere
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cardinale
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Tecno Bios srl, Apollosa, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Andrea
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Romania Stilo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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30
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Jantarabenjakul W, Sodsai P, Chantasrisawad N, Jitsatja A, Ninwattana S, Thippamom N, Ruenjaiman V, Tan CW, Pradit R, Sophonphan J, Wacharapluesadee S, Wang LF, Puthanakit T, Hirankarn N, Putcharoen O. Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:639. [PMID: 35632395 PMCID: PMC9147589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) is commonly used in national immunization programs. However, the immune response significantly declines within a few months. Our study assessed the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving booster shots of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 among health care workers who previously received CoronaVac as their primary immunization. Fifty-six participants who received ChAdOx1 and forty-two participants who received BNT162b2 were enrolled into this study, which evaluated immune responses, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies (Elecsys®), surrogated viral neutralization test (sVNT) to ancestral strain (cPass™; GenScript), five variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) (Luminex; multiplex sVNT) and the ELISpot with spike (S1 and S2) peptide pool against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. The samples were analyzed at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks after primary immunization, as well as 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the booster. This study showed a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies, sVNT, and T-cell immune response after the booster, including against the Omicron variant. Immune responses rapidly decreased in the booster group at 12 weeks after booster but were still higher than post-primary vaccination. A fourth dose or a second booster should be recommended, particularly in health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watsamon Jantarabenjakul
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Napaporn Chantasrisawad
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anusara Jitsatja
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Sasiprapa Ninwattana
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Nattakarn Thippamom
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Vichaya Ruenjaiman
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.W.T.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Rakchanok Pradit
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.W.T.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Opass Putcharoen
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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31
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Wachter F, Regensburger AP, Antonia Sophia Peter, Knieling F, Wagner AL, Simon D, Hoerning A, Woelfle J, Überla K, Neubert A, Rauh M. Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from routine clinical chemistry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:941-951. [PMID: 35218170 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is still challenging, but essential for appropriate political decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residual blood samples can be used for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitoring in pediatrics. METHODS In this repeated cross-sectional cohort study, anonymous residual blood samples from pediatric patients aged 0-17 years were collected in three time-periods (Oct.-Nov. 2020, April 2021, and June-July 2021) and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using commercial antibody assays. 28 reactive samples were used to compare antibody levels with a pseudotyped neutralization assay. The results were further compared to the official national COVID-19 surveillance data to calculate the number of unreported cases. RESULTS In total, n=2,626 individual blood samples were analyzed. In this unvaccinated pediatric cohort anti-S and anti-N antibody seroprevalence increased over the three time periods (anti-S: 1.38-9.16%, and 14.59%; anti-N: 1.26%, to 6.19%, and 8.56%). Compared to the national surveillance data this leads to a 3.93-5.66-fold increase in the number of unreported cases. However, a correlation between the cumulative incidence of the individual provinces and our assigned data was found (r=0.74, p=0.0151). In addition, reactive samples with anti-S and anti-N and samples with only anti-S showed neutralization capabilities (11/14 and 8/14, respectively). Anti-S levels were not significantly different between age groups and sexes (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that residual blood samples from routine laboratory chemistry could be included in the estimation of the total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wachter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian P Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Neubert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Santi T, Sungono V, Kamarga L, Samakto BD, Hidayat F, Hidayat FK, Satolom M, Permana A, Yusuf I, Suriapranata IM, Jo J. Heterologous prime-boost with the mRNA-1273 vaccine among CoronaVac-vaccinated healthcare workers in Indonesia. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:209-216. [PMID: 35799870 PMCID: PMC9200645 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to investigate humoral immune response and adverse events upon the heterologous prime-boost with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among fully CoronaVac-vaccinated, infection-naïve healthcare workers in Indonesia. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty-five eligible healthcare workers were recruited from one hospital for this prospective cohort study. Blood collection was conducted twice, i.e., on 7 days before and 28 days after the booster vaccination. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies was quantified accordingly. The post-vaccination adverse event was recorded for both CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccinations. Any breakthrough infection was monitored during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to test differences between groups. Results A significant increase was observed in the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies upon receiving the mRNA-1273 booster (geometric mean titers of 65.57 and 47,445 U/mL in pre- and post-booster, respectively), supporting the argument to use heterologous prime-boost vaccination to improve the protection against COVID-19 in a high-risk population. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, however, caused a higher frequency of adverse events than the CoronaVac vaccine. Nonetheless, the adverse events were considered minor medical events and temporary as all subjects were not hospitalized and fully recovered. Of note, no breakthrough infection was observed during the follow-up to 12 weeks post-booster. Conclusion The heterologous prime-boost vaccination of healthcare workers with a single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine generated a significant elevation in humoral immune response towards RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and was associated with a higher frequency, but minor and transient, adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veli Sungono
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Lina Kamarga
- Siloam Hospitals Lippo Cikarang, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Magy Satolom
- Siloam Hospitals Lippo Cikarang, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | | | - Irawan Yusuf
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Ivet Marita Suriapranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Juandy Jo
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
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