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Gibbons E, Taya M, Wu H, Lopa SH, Moss J, Henske EP, McCormack FX, Hammes SR. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B promotes tumor growth and is a biomarker for lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230312. [PMID: 38614127 PMCID: PMC11103253 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive cystic lung disease affecting almost exclusively female-sexed individuals. The cysts represent regions of lung destruction caused by smooth muscle tumors containing mutations in one of the two tuberous sclerosis (TSC) genes. mTORC1 inhibition slows but does not stop LAM advancement. Furthermore, monitoring disease progression is hindered by insufficient biomarkers. Therefore, new treatment options and biomarkers are needed. LAM cells express melanocytic markers, including glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB). The function of GPNMB in LAM is currently unknown; however, GPNMB's unique cell surface expression on tumor versus benign cells makes GPNMB a potential therapeutic target, and persistent release of its extracellular ectodomain suggests potential as a serum biomarker. Here, we establish that GPNMB expression is dependent on mTORC1 signaling, and that GPNMB regulates TSC2-null tumor cell invasion in vitro. Further, we demonstrate that GPNMB enhances TSC2-null xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and that ectodomain release is required for this xenograft growth. We also show that GPNMB's ectodomain is released from the cell surface of TSC2-null cells by proteases ADAM10 and 17, and we identify the protease target sequence on GPNMB. Finally, we demonstrate that GPNMB's ectodomain is present at higher levels in LAM patient serum compared to healthy controls and that ectodomain levels decrease with mTORC1 inhibition, making it a potential LAM biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gibbons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Manisha Taya
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huixing Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Samia H Lopa
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Huang C, Zheng Y, Ji R, Qiao L, Zhang X, Lin H, Liu F, Xu J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yang X. GPNMB promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by activating the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways via binding Na +/K +-ATPase α1 in Schwann cells. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114687. [PMID: 38199512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is ubiquitously expressed and has protective effects on the central nervous system. In particular, it is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. However, the role and underlying mechanism of GPNMB in the PNS, especially in peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), are still unknown and need to be further investigated. In this study, recombinant human GPNMB (rhGPNMB) was injected into a sciatic nerve injury model. It was found that rhGPNMB facilitated the regeneration and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve in vivo. Moreover, it was also confirmed that GPNMB activated the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways via binding with Na+/K + -ATPase α1 (NKA α1) and promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) and their expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors and neural adhesion molecules in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that GPNMB facilitates PNR through activation of the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways in SCs by binding with NKA α1 and may be a novel strategy for PNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yani Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruijuan Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Xu R, Wu M, Wang Y, Li C, Zeng L, Wang Y, Xiao M, Chen X, Geng S, Lai P, Du X, Weng J. Mesenchymal stem cells reversibly de-differentiate myofibroblasts to fibroblast-like cells by inhibiting the TGF-β-SMAD2/3 pathway. Mol Med 2023; 29:59. [PMID: 37098464 PMCID: PMC10131436 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts (MFB), one of the major effectors of pathologic fibrosis, mainly derived from the activation of fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT). Although MFBs were historically considered terminally differentiated cells, their potential for de-differentiation was recently recognized and implied with therapeutic value in treating fibrotic diseases, for instance, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). During the past decade, several methods were reported to block or reverse MFB differentiation, among which mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated potential but undetermined therapeutic values. However, the MSC-mediated regulation of FMT and underlying mechanisms remained largely undefined. METHOD By identifying TGF-β1 hypertension as the pivotal landmark during the pro-fibrotic FMT, TGF-β1-induced MFB and MSC co-culture models were established and utilized to investigate regulations by MSC on FMT in vitro. Methods including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Western blot, qPCR and flow cytometry were used. RESULT Our data revealed that TGF-β1 readily induced invasive signatures identified in fibrotic tissues and initiated MFB differentiation in normal FB. MSC reversibly de-differentiated MFB into a group of FB-like cells by selectively inhibiting the TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling. Importantly, these proliferation-boosted FB-like cells remained sensitive to TGF-β1 and could be re-induced into MFB. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the reversibility of MSC-mediated de-differentiation of MFB through TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling, which may explain MSC's inconsistent clinical efficacies in treating BO and other fibrotic diseases. These de-differentiated FB-like cells are still sensitive to TGF-β1 and may further deteriorate MFB phenotypes unless the pro-fibrotic microenvironment is corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingji Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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A novel molecular mechanism of vascular fibrosis in Takayasu arteritis: macrophage-derived GPNMB promoting adventitial fibroblast extracellular matrix production in the aorta. Transl Res 2022; 255:128-139. [PMID: 36566014 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic large vessel disease characterized by aortic fibrotic thickening, which was mainly mediated by activation of aorta adventitial fibroblasts (AAFs). Our previous genetic study demonstrated that TAK-associated locus IL6 rs2069837 regulated glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) expression. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the pathogenic role of GPNMB in TAK. Through pathological staining, we find that GPNMB was mainly expressed in vascular adventitia and positively correlated with adventitial extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in TAK vascular lesion. Specifically, GPNMB was increased in adventitial CD68+ macrophages, which were closely located with CD90+ adventitial fibroblasts. In in-vitro cell culture, THP-1-derived macrophages with GPNMB overexpression promoted ECM expression in AAFs. This effect was also confirmed in aortic tissue or AAFs culture with GPNMB overexpression or active GPNMB protein stimulation. Mechanistically, Co-IP assay and siRNA or inhibitor intervention demonstrated that integrin αVβ1 receptor mediated GPNMB effect on AAFs, which also activated downstream Akt and Erk pathway in AAFs. Furthermore, we showed that leflunomide treatment inhibited GPNMB-mediated fibrosis in AAFs, as well as GPNMB expression in macrophages, which were also partially validated in leflunomide-treated patients. Taken together, these data indicated that macrophage-derived GPNMB promotes AAFs ECM expression via the integrin αVβ1 receptor and Akt/Erk signaling pathway and leflunomide might play an anti-fibrotic role in TAK by interfering with the macrophage-derived GPNMB/AAFs axis. This study provides evidence that targeting GPNMB is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating vascular fibrosis in TAK.
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Lazaratos AM, Annis MG, Siegel PM. GPNMB: a potent inducer of immunosuppression in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4573-4590. [PMID: 36050467 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of both innate and adaptive immune cells, which, in the context of cancer, collectively function to eliminate tumor cells. However, tumors can actively sculpt the immune landscape to favor the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which promotes tumor growth and progression to metastatic disease. Glycoprotein-NMB (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. It can promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and GPNMB expression correlates with poor prognosis and shorter recurrence-free survival in patients. There is growing evidence supporting an immunosuppressive role for GPNMB in the context of malignancy. This review provides a description of the emerging roles of GPNMB as an inducer of immunosuppression, with a particular focus on its role in mediating cancer progression by restraining pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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