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Haq MA, Roy AK, Ahmed R, Kuddusi RU, Sinha M, Hossain MS, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Kibria MG, Razzaque A, Raqib R, Sarker P. Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11467. [PMID: 38769324 PMCID: PMC11106241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rakib Ullah Kuddusi
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Sinha
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Golam Kibria
- Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Taylor KM, Ricks KM, Kuehnert PA, Eick-Cost AA, Scheckelhoff MR, Wiesen AR, Clements TL, Hu Z, Zak SE, Olschner SP, Herbert AS, Bazaco SL, Creppage KE, Fan MT, Sanchez JL. Seroprevalence as an Indicator of Undercounting of COVID-19 Cases in a Large Well-Described Cohort. AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100141. [PMID: 37885754 PMCID: PMC10598697 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Reported confirmed cases represent a small portion of overall true cases for many infectious diseases. The undercounting of true cases can be considerable when a significant portion of infected individuals are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, as is the case with COVID-19. Seroprevalence studies are an efficient way to assess the extent to which true cases are undercounted during a large-scale outbreak and can inform efforts to improve case identification and reporting. Methods A longitudinal seroprevalence study of active duty U.S. military members was conducted from May 2020 through June 2021. A random selection of service member serum samples submitted to the Department of Defense Serum Repository was analyzed for the presence of antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2. The monthly seroprevalence rates were compared with those of cumulative confirmed cases reported during the study period. Results Seroprevalence was 2.3% in May 2020 and increased to 74.0% by June 2021. The estimated true case count based on seroprevalence was 9.3 times greater than monthly reported cases at the beginning of the study period and fell to 1.7 by the end of the study. Conclusions In our sample, confirmed case counts significantly underestimated true cases of COVID-19. The increased availability of testing over the study period and enhanced efforts to detect asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic cases likely contributed to the fall in the seroprevalence to reported case ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Taylor
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Paul A. Kuehnert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Angelia A. Eick-Cost
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mark R. Scheckelhoff
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Andrew R. Wiesen
- Health Readiness Policy and Oversight, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zheng Hu
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Samantha E. Zak
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Scott P. Olschner
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sara L. Bazaco
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kathleen E. Creppage
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael T. Fan
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jose L. Sanchez
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Incidence and Associated Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Post-mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination in Health-Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020481. [PMID: 36851358 PMCID: PMC9963908 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among health-care workers. One of the most important preventive measures is vaccination. This study examined factors associated with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA-1273 booster vaccination (preceded by the CoronaVac primary vaccination) and the antibody profile of health-care workers at one of the tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. This was a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study. Three hundred health-care workers who were given the mRNA-1273 booster vaccine a minimum of 5 months prior to this study were randomly selected. Participants were then interviewed about their history of COVID-19 vaccination, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and comorbidities. Blood samples were taken to assess IgG sRBD antibody levels. The median antibody level was found to be 659 BAU/mL (min 37 BAU/mL, max 5680 BAU/mL, QIR 822 BAU/mL) after the booster, and this was not related to age, sex, comorbidities, or adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after the booster. SARS-CoV-2 infection after the booster was correlated with higher antibody levels. In sum, 56 participants (18.6%) experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection after the mRNA-1273 booster vaccination within 5 months. Incidence per person per month was 3.2%. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, obesity, and post-booster AEFI were not related to COVID-19 incidence after the booster. History of SARS-CoV-2 infection before the booster vaccination was significantly associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after booster vaccination, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001).
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Collatuzzo G, De Palma G, Violante FS, Porru S, Larese Filon F, Fabianova E, Violán C, Vimercati L, Leustean M, Rodriguez-Suarez MM, Sansone E, Sala E, Zunarelli C, Lodi V, Monaco MGL, Spiteri G, Negro C, Beresova J, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Tafuri S, Asafo SS, Ditano G, Abedini M, Boffetta P. Temporal trends of COVID-19 antibodies in vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing repeated serological sampling: An individual-level analysis within 13 months in the ORCHESTRA cohort. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079884. [PMID: 36713452 PMCID: PMC9875291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Short summary We investigated changes in serologic measurements after COVID-19 vaccination in 19,422 subjects. An individual-level analysis was performed on standardized measurements. Age, infection, vaccine doses, time between doses and serologies, and vaccine type were associated with changes in serologic levels within 13 months. Background Persistence of vaccine immunization is key for COVID-19 prevention. Methods We investigated the difference between two serologic measurements of anti-COVID-19 S1 antibodies in an individual-level analysis on 19,422 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) from Italy, Spain, Romania, and Slovakia, tested within 13 months from first dose. Differences in serologic levels were divided by the standard error of the cohort-specific distribution, obtaining standardized measurements. We fitted multivariate linear regression models to identify predictors of difference between two measurements. Results We observed a progressively decreasing difference in serologic levels from <30 days to 210-240 days. Age was associated with an increased difference in serologic levels. There was a greater difference between the two serologic measurements in infected HCW than in HCW who had never been infected; before the first measurement, infected HCW had a relative risk (RR) of 0.81 for one standard deviation in the difference [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.85]. The RRs for a 30-day increase in time between first dose and first serology, and between the two serologies, were 1.08 (95% CI 1.07-1.10) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.05), respectively. The first measurement was a strong predictor of subsequent antibody decrease (RR 1.60; 95% CI 1.56-1.64). Compared with Comirnaty, Spikevax (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92) and mixed vaccines (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51-0.74) were smaller decrease in serological level (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.40-0.54). Conclusions Age, COVID-19 infection, number of doses, time between first dose and first serology, time between serologies, and type of vaccine were associated with differences between the two serologic measurements within a 13-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain,Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Maria Rodriguez-Suarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST Ospedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zunarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lodi
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Negro
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jana Beresova
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - LucÌa A. Carrasco-Ribelles
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Shuffield S. Asafo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Paolo Boffetta,
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Hossain MI, Sarker P, Raqib R, Rahman MZ, Hasan R, Svezia CK, Rahman M, Amin N. Antibody response to different COVID-19 vaccines among the migrant workers of Bangladesh. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128330. [PMID: 36969162 PMCID: PMC10034009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, various host countries such as Singapore, imposed entry requirements for migrant workers including pre-departure COVID-19 seroconversion proof. To combat COVID-19 worldwide, several vaccines have acquired conditional approval. This study sought to assess antibody levels after immunization with different COVID-19 vaccines among the migrant workers of Bangladesh. Methods Venous blood samples were collected from migrant workers who were vaccinated with different COVID-19 vaccines (n=675). Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and nucleocapsid protein (N) were determined using Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and N immunoassay, respectively. Results All participants receiving COVID-19 vaccines showed antibodies to S-protein, while 91.36% were positive for N-specific antibodies. The highest anti-S antibody titers were found among the workers who completed booster doses (13327 U/mL), received mRNA vaccines Moderna/Spikevax (9459 U/mL) or Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty (9181 U/mL), and reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in the last six months (8849 U/mL). The median anti-S antibody titers in the first month since the last vaccination was 8184 U/mL, which declined to 5094 U/mL at the end of six months. A strong correlation of anti-S antibodies was found with past SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.001) and the type of vaccines received (p <0.001) in the workers.Conclusion: Bangladeshi migrant workers receiving booster doses of vaccine, vaccinated with mRNA vaccines, and having past SARS-CoV-2 infection, mounted higher antibody responses. However, antibody levels waned with time. These findings suggest a need for further booster doses, preferably with mRNA vaccines for migrant workers before reaching host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imam Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chloe K. Svezia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nuhu Amin,
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Krintus M, Piasecki M, Lackowski P, Buszko K, Kubica A, Kosobucka-Ozdoba A, Michalski P, Pietrzykowski L, Stolarek W, Wojcik A, Tomczak M, Wojtal E, Krys J, Wlodarczyk Z, Kubica J. Determinants of the Level of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG ANTibodiEs after Vaccination (DANTE-SIRIO 7) Study in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122125. [PMID: 36560536 PMCID: PMC9787979 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations and their major determinants in healthcare workers (HCWs) after full vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. We recruited 847 individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, who completed the questionnaire, and whose antibody concentrations were tested after 3 and 6 months after full vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured on the routinely employed Siemens Atellica system. The cutoff for positivity was ≥21.8 BAU/mL. Three and 6 months after vaccination, the majority of participants were seropositive. Median concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG significantly decreased from 1145 BAU/mL (IQR: 543-2095) to 225 BAU/mL (IQR: 100-510). Major positive determinants of antibody levels were fever after both doses of vaccine, prior-COVID-19 exposure, and muscle pain after the first dose. Lack of symptoms after the second dose and time since vaccination were significant negative determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations. No other factors, including age and gender, or underlying comorbidities had a significant effect on antibody levels in HCWs. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 response after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine was independently associated with prior-COVID-19 exposure, time since vaccination, and the occurrence of symptoms after either dose of vaccine. Easily reportable adverse reactions may facilitate the identification of immune response in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-44-90
| | - Maciej Piasecki
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Lackowski
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Science and Medical Informatics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aldona Kubica
- Department of Health Promotion, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Kosobucka-Ozdoba
- Department of Health Promotion, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Michalski
- Department of Health Promotion, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pietrzykowski
- Department of Health Promotion, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioleta Stolarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Wojcik
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Tomczak
- Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Emilia Wojtal
- Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Krys
- Department of Public Health, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wlodarczyk
- Department of Transplantology and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Ward V, Wei J, Gordon W, Barnes E, Dunachie S, Jeffery K, Eyre D, O'Donnell AM. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination in UK healthcare workers with pre-existing medical conditions: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066766. [PMID: 36456004 PMCID: PMC9716410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine antibody responses after the second vaccination in healthcare workers (HCWs) with underlying health conditions. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Oxford University Hospitals in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Healthcare workers who had SARS-CoV-2 serological data available and received two SARS-CoV- 2 vaccinations. PRIMARY OUTCOME Peak SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG responses after the second vaccination and associations with underlying health conditions and the estimated risk of severe COVID-19 using an occupational health risk assessment tool. METHODS We used univariable and multivariable linear regression models to investigate associations between antibody levels and demographics (age, sex, ethnicity), healthcare role, body mass index, underlying health conditions, vaccination status, prior infection and the Association of Local Authority Medical Advisors COVID-age risk score. RESULTS 1635 HCWs had anti-spike IgG measurements 14-84 days after second vaccination and data on any underlying health conditions. Only five HCWs (0.3%), all on immunosuppressive treatment, (including four organ transplant recipients), did not seroconvert after second vaccination. Antibody levels were independently lower with older age, diabetes, immunosuppression, respiratory disorders other than asthma and markedly so in organ transplant recipients. Levels were independently lower in ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 recipients and higher following previous infection. HCWs with 'very high' COVID-age risk scores had lower median antibody levels than those with 'low', 'medium' or 'high' risk scores; 4379 AU/mL, compared with 12 337 AU/mL, 9430 AU/mL and 10 524 AU/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Two vaccine doses are effective in generating antibody responses among HCWs, including those with a high occupational risk. However, HCWs with underlying health conditions, especially diabetes, immunosuppression and organ transplant, had lower antibody levels, and vaccine response monitoring may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ward
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Jia Wei
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Gordon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Susie Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne-Marie O'Donnell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Occupational Health Department, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Investigation of Possible Factors Influencing the Neutralizing Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer after Six Months from the Second Vaccination Dose in a Sample of Italian Nursing Home Personnel. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030059. [PMID: 36134955 PMCID: PMC9495803 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The titer of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced after vaccination shows a relevant decay over time, as demonstrated in several studies. However, less is known on the possible factors affecting the entity of this decay. The aim of this study is to analyze a group of individual factors which are possibly associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer decay six months after the second vaccine dose. We report here the results of a follow-up serological analysis and a questionnaire-based evaluation of a sample of workers from an Italian nursing home, vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in early 2021. The baseline data were collected one month after the vaccine, while in the present analysis we report the data collected six months later. Our data show a relevant decay of the neutralizing antibody titer, even if for all the workers a largely positive response was detected. Moreover, our results demonstrate a possible association between younger age and the absence of previous COVID-19 infection, and a higher decay rate of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies titer.
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Hoshida S, Koeda N, Hattori H, Tanaka M, Tanaka I, Fukui H, Fujita J, Sasaki Y, Tamura S. Age- and sex-based changes in spike protein antibody status after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and effect of past-infection in healthcare workers in Osaka. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:709. [PMID: 36028796 PMCID: PMC9412794 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to compare the changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres based on age group and sex using paired blood sampling after vaccination in association with the presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody. Methods All participants were healthcare workers at Yao Municipal Hospital in Osaka who voluntarily provided peripheral blood samples (n = 636, men/women 151/485, mean age 45 years). We investigated the serial changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres at 1 and 7 months after the second vaccination regarding their relationship with sex and age group. At 7 months, we also examined anti-nucleocapsid assays. Antibody titres were shown as logarithmic values and the differences were assessed using a paired or unpaired student’s t-test as appropriate. Results Among participants younger than 30 years, the antibody titres of spike protein were significantly higher in women one (p = 0.005) and seven (p = 0.038) months after vaccination. However, among those aged 30–49 years, the antibody titres were not different between the sexes at either follow-up time point. In contrast, among those aged 50–59 years, between-sex differences in antibody titres were observed only at 7 months, which was associated with a significant reduction in men. A significant negative correlation was observed between the antibody titres for spike protein at both time points in participants with positive nucleocapsid protein antibody at 7 months (r = − 0.467, p = 0.043), although a significant positive correlation was observed in those with negative results (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), Conclusions Between-sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres by paired blood sampling at different time points after vaccination depended on age group. The presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody was associated with changes in spike protein antibody titres after vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07695-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Hoshida
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Koeda
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Hideki Hattori
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukui
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Junya Fujita
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamura
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
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Hidayat R, Mustika AP, Avisha F, Djuliannisaa Z, Winari DD, Putri RA, Lisman HM, Davin V, Fathi GC, Widhani A, Aini MH, Yudhistira Y, Azizah S, Rahmadani M, Istanti ND, Giantini A. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Post Third Dose COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. Acta Med Acad 2022; 51:69-78. [PMID: 36317998 PMCID: PMC9982858 DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The longevity of vaccine effectiveness and antibody titer after the Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccination booster in healthcare workers in Indonesia is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational study of healthcare workers at the Universitas Indonesia Hospital after Moderna mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination. An Immunology Analyzer with Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) test was used to examine Anti SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD levels. Antibody levels were classified into two systems (3 categories, and 2 categories). RESULTS There were 31 male subjects (75.6%), 33 subjects (80.5%) aged 25-39 years, 17 subjects (41.5%) with overweight BMI, 35 subjects (85.4%) without comorbidities, and 29 subjects without previous history of COVID-19 infection (70.7%) who had antibody titer >1000 AU/ml. There were 27 subjects (65.9%) who had a booster shot ≥6 months after the second vaccination with antibody titer >1000 AU/ml. In this study, there was no significant correlation between antibody titer with factors such as gender, age, BMI, comorbidities, history of COVID-19 infection and time between the 2nd vaccination and booster vaccination. CONCLUSION There is no significant correlation between antibody titer with factors such as gender, age, BMI, comorbidities, history of COVID-19 infection and time between the 2nd vaccination and booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhmad Hidayat
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia. ,
| | - Alyssa Putri Mustika
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | - Zlatikha Djuliannisaa
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alvina Widhani
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Aini
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | - Siti Azizah
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Astuti Giantini
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia
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Sakamoto A, Yoshimura M, Itoh R, Ozuru R, Ishii K, Sechi Y, Nabeshima S, Hiromatsu K. Longitudinal Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Responses after the Two-Dose Regimen of BNT162b2 Vaccination and the Effect of a Third Dose on Healthcare Workers in Japan. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060830. [PMID: 35746438 PMCID: PMC9229433 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of longitudinal dynamics of humoral immune responses to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine might provide useful information to predict the effectiveness of BNT162b2 in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we measure anti-RBD IgG at 1, 3 and 6 months (M) after the second dose of BNT162b2, and at 1 M after a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccination in 431 COVID-19-naïve healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan. All HCWs mounted high-anti-RBD IgG responses after the two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 vaccinations. Older persons and males presented lower anti-RBD IgG responses than younger adults and females, respectively. The decay in anti-RBD IgG started from 1 M after the second dose of BNT162b2 and anti-RBD IgG titers dropped to nearly one-tenth at 6 M after the second vaccination. Subsequently, the participants received a third dose of BNT162b2 at 8 M after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-RBD antibody titers 1 M after the third dose of BNT162b2 increased seventeen times that of 6 M after the second dose, and was twice higher than the peak antibody titers at 1 M after the second dose of vaccination. The negative effect of age for the male gender on anti-RBD IgG antibody titers was not observed at 1 M after the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. There were no notable adverse events reported, which required hospitalization in these participants. These results suggest that the third dose of BNT162b2 safely improves humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 with no major adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Michinobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Ryota Itoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Ryo Ozuru
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Yusuke Sechi
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (A.S.); (M.Y.); (R.I.); (R.O.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-801-1011
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Evaluation of S1RBD-Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Professionals in Cyprus; a Comparative Look between the Vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050967. [PMID: 35630412 PMCID: PMC9147250 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing effort to report data on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different individuals. Ninety-seven healthcare workers were enrolled in this study (Pfizer’s BNT162b2, n = 52; and AstraZeneca’s ChAdOx1-S, n = 45) and S1RBD-specific IgG antibodies were analyzed over time. Both vaccines induced S1RBD-specific antibodies after the second dose. A significant increase in S1RBD-specific IgG median levels 3 weeks following the second dose was detected (BNT162b2, 118.0 BAU/mL to 2018.0 BAU/mL; ChAdOx1-S, 38.1 BAU/mL to 182.1 BAU/mL). At 3 months post the second dose, a significant decrease in S1RBD-specific IgG median levels was also evident (BNT162b2, 415.6 BAU/mL, ChAdOx1-S, 84.7 BAU/mL). The elimination rate of these antibodies was faster in BNT162b2- rather than ChAdOx1-S- vaccinated individuals. A booster dose induced a significant increase in the S1RBD-specific IgG median levels (BNT162b2, 1823.0 BAU/mL; ChAdOx1-S, 656.8 BAU/mL). This study is the first of its kind to characterize S1RBD-specific IgG antibody responses in vaccinated healthcare workers in Cyprus. While the positivity for S1RBD-specific antibodies was maintained 3 months after the second vaccine dose, the level of these antibodies waned over the same period, indicating the importance of a booster vaccination. The results herein could complement the public health policies regarding the immunization schedule for COVID-19.
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Comparison of CLEIA and ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 Virus Antibodies after First and Second Dose Vaccinations with the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040487. [PMID: 35455236 PMCID: PMC9033149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has required rapid action to control its spread and vaccines are a fundamental solution to this pandemic. The development of rapid and reliable serological tests to monitor the antibody response to coronavirus disease vaccines is necessary for post-vaccination immune responses. Therefore, in this study, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after the first and second doses were monitored using two different measurement systems, a highly sensitive analytical platform of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study included 121 participants who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Both methods show significant increase in anti-spike protein IgG antibody levels one week after the first vaccination, and then reached at a plateau at week five (week two after the second dose), with a 3.8 × 103-fold rise in CLEIA and a 22-fold rise in ELISA. CLEIA and ELISA showed a good correlation in the high titer range, >10 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL. Both methods detected higher IgG antibody levels in females compared with male participants after the second vaccination, while CLEIA exhibits the sex difference after the first dose. Thus, our study showed better performance of CLEIA over ELISA in sensitivity, especially in the low concentration range, however ELISA was also useful in the high titer range (>10 BAU/mL) corresponding to the level seen several weeks after the first vaccination.
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