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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fung CYJ, Scott M, Lerner-Ellis J, Taher J. Applications of SARS-CoV-2 serological testing: impact of test performance, sample matrices, and patient characteristics. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:70-88. [PMID: 37800891 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2254390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory testing has been a key tool in managing the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. While rapid antigen and PCR testing has proven useful for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, additional testing methods are required to understand the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on immune response. Serological testing, a well-documented laboratory practice, measures the presence of antibodies in a sample to uncover information about host immunity. Although proposed applications of serological testing for clinical use have previously been limited, current research into SARS-CoV-2 has shown growing utility for serological methods in these settings. To name a few, serological testing has been used to identify patients with past infections and long-term active disease and to monitor vaccine efficacy. Test utility and result interpretation, however, are often complicated by factors that include poor test sensitivity early in infection, lack of immune response in some individuals, overlying infection and vaccination responses, lack of standardization of antibody titers/levels between instruments, unknown titers that confer immune protection, and large between-individual biological variation following infection or vaccination. Thus, the three major components of this review will examine (1) factors that affect serological test utility: test performance, testing matrices, seroprevalence concerns and viral variants, (2) patient factors that affect serological response: timing of sampling, age, sex, body mass index, immunosuppression and vaccination, and (3) informative applications of serological testing: identifying past infection, immune surveillance to guide health practices, and examination of protective immunity. SARS-CoV-2 serological testing should be beneficial for clinical care if it is implemented appropriately. However, as with other laboratory developed tests, use of SARS-CoV-2 serology as a testing modality warrants careful consideration of testing limitations and evaluation of its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yiu Jordan Fung
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Scott
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Taher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zirou C, Gumeni S, Bellos I, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Sklirou AD, Bagratuni T, Korompoki E, Apostolakou F, Papassotiriou I, Trougakos IP, Terpos E. Longitudinal Analysis of Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depending on Disease Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:2250. [PMID: 38005927 PMCID: PMC10674840 DOI: 10.3390/v15112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response, with humoral immunity playing a central role in the disease course. The objective of this study was to assess the immune response and the effects of vaccination in recovered individuals with variable disease severity up to one year following natural infection. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted including patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Disease severity was classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on clinical presentation and outcomes. Anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) and neutralizing antibodies were evaluated at multiple timepoints during the first year after COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were included; of them, 28 were diagnosed with mild, 38 with moderate, and 40 with severe disease. At least one vaccine dose was administered in 58 individuals during the follow-up. Participants with mild disease presented significantly lower anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies compared to those with moderate and severe disease up to the 3rd and 6th months after the infection, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, in the third month, severe COVID-19 was associated with significantly higher anti-RBD (β: 563.09; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 257.02 to 869.17) and neutralizing (β: 21.47; 95% CI: 12.04 to 30.90) antibodies. Among vaccinated individuals, at the 12th month, a history of moderate disease was associated with significantly higher anti-RBD levels (β: 5615.19; 95% CI: 657.92 to 10,572.46). CONCLUSIONS Severe COVID-19 is associated with higher anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies up to 6 months after the infection. Vaccination of recovered patients is associated with a remarkable augmentation of antibody titers up to one year after COVID-19 diagnosis, regardless of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zirou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General and Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bellos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Korompoki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Filia Apostolakou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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4
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Ruytinx P, Vandormael P, Fraussen J, Pieters Z, Thonissen S, Hellings N, Stinissen P, Callebaut I, Penders J, Vanhove K, Kieffer D, Rummens JL, Valkenborgh T, Messiaen P, Stessel B, Mesotten D, Somers V. Comprehensive antibody and cytokine profiling in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to clinical outcomes in a large Belgian cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19322. [PMID: 37935729 PMCID: PMC10630327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly variable and is linked to disease severity and mortality. However, antibody and cytokine responses in the early disease stage and their association with disease course and outcome are still not completely understood. In this large, multi-centre cohort study, blood samples of 434 Belgian COVID-19 hospitalized patients with different disease severities (ranging from asymptomatic/mild to critically ill) from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were obtained. Baseline antibody and cytokine responses were characterized and associations with several clinical outcome parameters were determined. Anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels were elevated in patients with a more severe disease course. This increased baseline antibody response however was associated with decreased odds for hospital mortality. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IP-10 and IL-8, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the antiviral cytokines IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ1 were increased with disease severity. Remarkably, we found significantly lower levels of IFN-λ2,3 in critically ill patients compared to patients of the moderate and severe disease category. Finally, levels of IL-8, IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ and IFN-λ1 at baseline were positively associated with mortality, whereas higher IFN-λ2,3 levels were negatively associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Ruytinx
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vandormael
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Zoë Pieters
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt, I-BioStat, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Stef Thonissen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ina Callebaut
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Joris Penders
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanhove
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AZ Vesalius Hospital, Hazelereik 51, 3700, Tongeren, Belgium
| | - Davy Kieffer
- Department of Clinical Biology, Sint-Trudo Hospital, Diestersteenweg 100, 3800, Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jessa Hospital, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, University Biobank Limburg (UBiLim), Jessa Hospital, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tom Valkenborgh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Noorderhart Pelt, Belgium
| | - Peter Messiaen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Hospital, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Björn Stessel
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dieter Mesotten
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, LCRC, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Biomedical Research Institute, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.
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Muyayalo KP, Gong GS, Kiyonga Aimeé K, Liao AH. Impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection is the major factor indirectly altering reproductive function in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:778-796. [PMID: 37811836 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2262757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease affecting multiple systems and organs, including the reproductive system. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can damage reproductive organs through direct (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, ACE-2) and indirect mechanisms. The immune system plays an essential role in the homeostasis and function of the male and female reproductive systems. Therefore, an altered immune response related to infectious and inflammatory diseases can affect reproductive function and fertility in both males and females. This narrative review discussed the dysregulation of innate and adaptive systems induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the evidence showing that this altered immune response in COVID-19 patients is the major indirect mechanism leading to adverse reproduction outcomes in these patients. We summarized studies reporting the long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women's reproductive function and proposed the chronic inflammation and chronic autoimmunity characterizing long COVID as potential underlying mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation (long COVID) in altered female reproduction function in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahindo P Muyayalo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Guang-Shun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kahindo Kiyonga Aimeé
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Tropical Medicine Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Martel F, Cuervo-Rojas J, Ángel J, Ariza B, González JM, Ramírez-Santana C, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Murcia-Soriano L, Montoya N, Cardozo-Romero CC, Valderrama-Beltrán SL, Cepeda M, Castellanos JC, Gómez-Restrepo C, Perdomo-Celis F, Gazquez A, Dickson A, Brien JD, Mateus J, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Franco MA. Cross-reactive humoral and CD4 + T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241038. [PMID: 37575243 PMCID: PMC10413264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS CoV-2 antibody and CD4+ T cell responses induced by natural infection and/or vaccination decline over time and cross-recognize other viral variants at different levels. However, there are few studies evaluating the levels and durability of the SARS CoV-2-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell response against the Mu, Gamma, and Delta variants. Here, we examined, in two ambispective cohorts of naturally-infected and/or vaccinated individuals, the titers of anti-RBD antibodies and the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells up to 6 months after the last antigen exposure. In naturally-infected individuals, the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response declined 6 months post-symptoms onset. However, the kinetic observed depended on the severity of the disease, since individuals who developed severe COVID-19 maintained the binding antibody titers. Also, there was detectable binding antibody cross-recognition for the Gamma, Mu, and Delta variants, but antibodies poorly neutralized Mu. COVID-19 vaccines induced an increase in antibody titers 15-30 days after receiving the second dose, but these levels decreased at 6 months. However, as expected, a third dose of the vaccine caused a rise in antibody titers. The dynamics of the antibody response upon vaccination depended on the previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Lower levels of vaccine-induced antibodies were associated with the development of breakthrough infections. Vaccination resulted in central memory spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses that cross-recognized peptides from the Gamma and Mu variants, and their duration also depended on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In addition, we found cross-reactive CD4+ T cell responses in unexposed and unvaccinated individuals. These results have important implications for vaccine design for new SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest and concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Martel
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Cuervo-Rojas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Ángel
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Ariza
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Group of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research
(CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research
(CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario,, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Norma Montoya
- Head Clinical Laboratory Unit, Clínica del Occidente, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltrán
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine. School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Infectious Diseases Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Magda Cepeda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andreu Gazquez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - José Mateus
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Manuel A. Franco
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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7
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Tang J, Liu H, Wang Q, Gu X, Wang J, Li W, Luo Y, Li Y, Deng L, Luo Y, Du X, Tan D, Fu X, Chen X. Predictors of high SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID-19 convalescent whole-blood donors: a cross-sectional study in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191479. [PMID: 37388736 PMCID: PMC10303911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Demographic information has been shown to help predict high antibody titers of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in CCP donors. However, there is no research on the Chinese population and little evidence on whole-blood donors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these associations among Chinese blood donors after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 5,064 qualified blood donors with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection completed a self-reported questionnaire and underwent tests of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and ABO blood type. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers according to each factor. Results Totally, 1,799 participants (with SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers≥1:160) had high-titer CCPs. Multivariable analysis showed that a 10-year increment in age and earlier donation were associated with higher odds of high-titer CCP, while medical personnel was associated with lower odds. The ORs (95% CIs) of high-titer CCP were 1.17 (1.10-1.23, p< 0.001) and 1.41 (1.25-1.58, p< 0.001) for each 10-year increment in age and earlier donation, respectively. The OR of high-titer CCP was 0.75 (0.60-0.95, p = 0.02) for medical personnel. Female early donors were associated with increased odds of high-titer CCP, but this association was insignificant for later donors. Donating after 8 weeks from the onset was associated with decreased odds of having high-titer CCP compared to donating within 8 weeks from the onset, and the HR was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22-0.64, p <0.001). There was no significant association between ABO blood type or race and the odds of high-titer CCP. Discussion Older age, earlier donation, female early donors, and non-medical-related occupations are promising predictors of high-titer CCP in Chinese blood donors. Our findings highlight the importance of CCP screening at the early stage of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglan Luo
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Hajilooi M, Keramat F, Moazenian A, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Solgi G. The quantity and quality of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies show contrariwise association with COVID-19 severity: lessons learned from IgG avidity. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:203-220. [PMID: 37103583 PMCID: PMC10133916 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Gaining more appreciation on the protective/damaging aspects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity associated with disease severity is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the avidity of serum IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) in hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 carriers as well as to compare antibody avidities with respect to vaccination status, vaccination dose and reinfection status. Serum levels of anti-S and anti-N IgG were determined using specific ELISA kits. Antibody avidity was determined by urea dissociation assay and expressed as avidity index (AI) value. Despite higher IgG levels in the symptomatic group, AI values of both anti-S and anti-N IgG were significantly lower in this group compared to asymptomatic individuals. In both groups, anti-S AI values were elevated in one-dose and two-dose vaccinees versus unvaccinated subjects, although significant differences were only detected in the symptomatic group. However, anti-N avidity showed no significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated subgroups. Almost all vaccinated patients of different subgroups (based on vaccine type) had higher anti-S IgG avidity, while the statistical significance was detected only between those receiving Sinopharm compared to the unvaccinated subgroup. Also, statistically significant differences in antibody AIs were only found between primarily infected individuals of the two groups. Our findings indicate a key role for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG avidity in protection from symptomatic COVID-19 and calls for the incorporation of antibody avidity measurement into the current diagnostic tests to predict effective immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 infection or even for prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hajilooi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, Opposite to Lona Park, P.O. Box 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Moazenian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, Opposite to Lona Park, P.O. Box 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, Opposite to Lona Park, P.O. Box 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, Opposite to Lona Park, P.O. Box 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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9
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Brlić PK, Pavletić M, Lerga M, Krstanović F, Matešić MP, Miklić K, Malić S, Mikša L, Pajcur M, Peruč D, Schubert M, Bertoglio F, Arapović J, Protić A, Šustić A, Milošević M, Šain LČ, Jonjić S, Lisnić VJ, Brizić I. SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:1966. [PMID: 36146773 PMCID: PMC9503044 DOI: 10.3390/v14091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies assessing the dynamics and duration of antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination are an invaluable tool for vaccination schedule planning, assessment of risk groups and management of pandemics. In this study, we developed and employed ELISA assays to analyze the humoral responses to Nucleocapsid and Spike proteins in vaccinated health-care workers (HCW) and critically ill COVID-19 patients. Sera of more than 1000 HCWs and critically ill patients from the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka were tested across a one-year period, encompassing the spread of major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). We observed 97% of seroconversion in HCW cohort as well as sustained anti-Spike antibody response in vaccinees for more than 6 months. In contrast, the infection-induced anti-Nucleocapsid response was waning significantly in a six-month period. Furthermore, a substantial decrease in vaccinees' anti-Spike antibodies binding to Spike protein of Omicron VOC was also observed. Critically ill COVID-19 patients had higher levels of anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies compared to HCWs. No significant differences in anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels between the critically ill COVID-19 patients that were on non-invasive oxygen supplementation and those on invasive ventilation support were observed. However, stronger anti-Spike, but not anti-Nucleocapsid, antibody response correlated with a better disease outcome in the cohort of patients on invasive ventilation support. Altogether, our results contribute to the growing pool of data on humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Kučan Brlić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavletić
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mate Lerga
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fran Krstanović
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Pribanić Matešić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karmela Miklić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Suzana Malić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Leonarda Mikša
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Pajcur
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dolores Peruč
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg b.b., 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Protić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alan Šustić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medical Science II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Milošević
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Luka Čičin Šain
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Department of Viral Immunology, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Joint Venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Sen SR, Sanders EC, Santos AM, Bhuvan K, Tang DY, Gelston AA, Miller BM, Ricks-Oddie JL, Weiss GA. Evidence for deleterious effects of immunological history in SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272163. [PMID: 36001626 PMCID: PMC9401162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous report demonstrated the strong association between the presence of antibodies binding to an epitope region from SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, termed Ep9, and COVID-19 disease severity. Patients with anti-Ep9 antibodies (Abs) had hallmarks of antigenic interference (AIN), including early IgG upregulation and cytokine-associated injury. Thus, the immunological memory of a prior infection was hypothesized to drive formation of suboptimal anti-Ep9 Abs in severe COVID-19 infections. This study identifies a putative primary antigen capable of stimulating production of cross-reactive, anti-Ep9 Abs. Binding assays with patient blood samples directly show cross-reactivity between Abs binding to Ep9 and only one bioinformatics-derived, homologous putative antigen, a sequence derived from the neuraminidase protein of H3N2 influenza A virus. This cross-reactive binding is highly influenza strain specific and sensitive to even single amino acid changes in epitope sequence. The neuraminidase protein is not present in the influenza vaccine, and the anti-Ep9 Abs likely resulted from the widespread influenza infection in 2014. Therefore, AIN from a previous infection could underlie some cases of COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana R. Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Keertna Bhuvan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Derek Y. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Aidan A. Gelston
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Joni L. Ricks-Oddie
- Center for Statistical Consulting, Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA, United States of America
- Biostatics, Epidemiology and Research Design Unit, Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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11
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Bellusci L, Grubbs G, Zahra FT, Forgacs D, Golding H, Ross TM, Khurana S. Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4617. [PMID: 35941152 PMCID: PMC9358642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in naïve versus convalescent individuals (hybrid immunity) against the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 subvariants. Virus neutralization titers against the vaccine-homologous strain (WA1) and Omicron sublineages are measured in a pseudovirus neutralization assay (PsVNA). In addition, antibody binding and antibody affinity against spike proteins from WA1, BA.1, and BA.2 is determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The convalescent individuals who after SARS-CoV-2 infection got vaccinated develop hybrid immunity that shows broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 after either second or third vaccination compared with naïve individuals. Neutralization activity correlates with antibody affinity against Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 spikes. Importantly, at four months post-third vaccination the neutralization activity and antibody affinity against the Omicron subvariants is maintained and trended higher for the individuals with hybrid immunity compared with naïve adults. These findings about hybrid immunity resulting in superior immune kinetics, breadth, and durable high affinity antibodies support the need for booster vaccinations to provide effective protection from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants like the rapidly spreading Omicron subvariants. Here the authors show that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly boosts neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants and that hybrid immunity (infection and vaccination) results in broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Bellusci
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20871, USA
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20871, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20871, USA
| | - David Forgacs
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20871, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20871, USA.
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