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Lawrence DA, Jadhav A, Mondal TK, Carson K, Lee WT, Hogan AH, Herbst KW, Michelow IC, Brimacombe M, Salazar JC. Inflammatory and Autoimmune Aspects of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38932242 PMCID: PMC11209514 DOI: 10.3390/v16060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a potentially life-threatening complication of COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to severe disease are poorly understood. This study leveraged clinical samples from a well-characterized cohort of children hospitalized with COVID-19 or MIS-C to compare immune-mediated biomarkers. Our objective was to identify selected immune molecules that could explain, in part, why certain SARS-CoV-2-infected children developed MIS-C. We hypothesized that type-2 helper T cell-mediated inflammation can elicit autoantibodies, which may account for some of the differences observed between the moderate-severe COVID-19 (COVID+) and MIS-C cohort. We enumerated blood leukocytes and measured levels of selected serum cytokines, chemokines, antibodies to COVID-19 antigens, and autoantibodies in children presenting to an academic medical center in Connecticut, United States. The neutrophil/lymphocyte and eosinophil/lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in those in the MIS-C versus COVID+ cohort. IgM and IgA, but not IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain were significantly higher in the MIS-C cohort than the COVID+ cohort. The serum levels of certain type-2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33) were significantly higher in children with MIS-C compared to the COVID+ and SARS-CoV-2-negative cohorts. IgG autoantibodies to brain antigens and pentraxin were higher in children with MIS-C compared to SARS-CoV-19-negative controls, and children with MIS-C had higher levels of IgG anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (caspr2) compared to the COVID+ and SARS-CoV-19-negative controls. We speculate that autoimmune responses in certain COVID-19 patients may induce pathophysiological changes that lead to MIS-C. The triggers of autoimmunity and factors accounting for type-2 inflammation require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (A.J.); (T.K.M.); (K.C.); (W.T.L.)
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Aishwarya Jadhav
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (A.J.); (T.K.M.); (K.C.); (W.T.L.)
| | - Tapan K. Mondal
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (A.J.); (T.K.M.); (K.C.); (W.T.L.)
| | - Kyle Carson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (A.J.); (T.K.M.); (K.C.); (W.T.L.)
| | - William T. Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (A.J.); (T.K.M.); (K.C.); (W.T.L.)
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Alexander H. Hogan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (I.C.M.); (M.B.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Katherine W. Herbst
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;
- Department of Research, Connecticut Children’s Research Institute, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Ian C. Michelow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (I.C.M.); (M.B.); (J.C.S.)
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;
| | - Michael Brimacombe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (I.C.M.); (M.B.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Research, Connecticut Children’s Research Institute, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Juan C. Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (I.C.M.); (M.B.); (J.C.S.)
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;
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Connors J, Cusimano G, Mege N, Woloszczuk K, Konopka E, Bell M, Joyner D, Marcy J, Tardif V, Kutzler MA, Muir R, Haddad EK. Using the power of innate immunoprofiling to understand vaccine design, infection, and immunity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2267295. [PMID: 37885158 PMCID: PMC10760375 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2267295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of immunology, a systems biology approach is crucial to understanding the immune response to infection and vaccination considering the complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Significant progress has been made in understanding the innate immune response, including cell players and critical signaling pathways, but many questions remain unanswered, including how the innate immune response dictates host/pathogen responses and responses to vaccines. To complicate things further, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune response is not a linear pathway but is formed from complex networks and interactions. To further our understanding of the crosstalk and complexities, systems-level analyses and expanded experimental technologies are now needed. In this review, we discuss the most recent immunoprofiling techniques and discuss systems approaches to studying the global innate immune landscape which will inform on the development of personalized medicine and innovative vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Connors
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gina Cusimano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Mege
- Tower Health, Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Kyra Woloszczuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Konopka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Joyner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Marcy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Family, Community, and Preventative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang Y, He C, Xin S, Liu X, Zhang S, Qiao B, Shang H, Gao L, Xu J. A Deep View of the Biological Property of Interleukin-33 and Its Dysfunction in the Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13504. [PMID: 37686309 PMCID: PMC10487440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases have always posed a serious threat to human health, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) being one of them. IBD is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The "alarm" cytokine IL-33, which is intimately associated with Th2 immunity, is a highly potent inflammatory factor that is considered to have dual functions-operating as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. IL-33 has been shown to play a crucial role in both the onset and development of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathogenesis of IBD, the major receptor cell types, and the activities of IL-33 in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its underlying mechanisms and conflicting conclusions in IBD. We have also summarized different medicines targeted to IL-33-associated diseases. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of IL-33 in gastrointestinal cancer and parasitic infections, giving novel prospective therapeutic utility in the future application of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Boya Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
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LeSuer WE, Kienzl M, Ochkur SI, Schicho R, Doyle AD, Wright BL, Rank MA, Krupnick AS, Kita H, Jacobsen EA. Eosinophils promote effector functions of lung group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic airway inflammation in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:469-485.e10. [PMID: 37028525 PMCID: PMC10503660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical mediators of type 2 respiratory inflammation, releasing IL-5 and IL-13 and promoting the pulmonary eosinophilia associated with allergen provocation. Although ILC2s have been shown to promote eosinophil activities, the role of eosinophils in group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses is less well defined. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of eosinophils in activation of ILC2s in models of allergic asthma and in vitro. METHODS Inducible eosinophil-deficient mice were exposed to allergic respiratory inflammation models of asthma, such as ovalbumin or house dust mite challenge, or to innate models of type 2 airway inflammation, such as inhalation of IL-33. Eosinophil-specific IL-4/13-deficient mice were used to address the specific roles for eosinophil-derived cytokines. Direct cell interactions between ILC2s and eosinophils were assessed by in vitro culture experiments. RESULTS Targeted depletion of eosinophils resulted in significant reductions of total and IL-5+ and IL-13+ lung ILC2s in all models of respiratory inflammation. This correlated with reductions in IL-13 levels and mucus in the airway. Eosinophil-derived IL-4/13 was necessary for both eosinophil and ILC2 accumulation in lung in allergen models. In vitro, eosinophils released soluble mediators that induced ILC2 proliferation and G protein-coupled receptor-dependent chemotaxis of ILC2s. Coculture of ILC2s and IL-33-activated eosinophils resulted in transcriptome changes in both ILC2s and eosinophils, suggesting potential novel reciprocal interactions. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that eosinophils play a reciprocal role in ILC2 effector functions as part of both adaptive and innate type 2 pulmonary inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E LeSuer
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | | | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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Li Z, Dong S, Huang S, Sun Y, Sun Y, Zhao B, Qi Q, Xiong L, Hong F, Jiang Y. Role of CD34 in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1144980. [PMID: 37051017 PMCID: PMC10083274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1144980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, including chronic recurrent inflammation of the ileum, rectum, and colon. Immune cells and adhesion molecules play an important role in the course of the disease, which is actually an autoimmune disease. During IBD, CD34 is involved in mediating the migration of a variety of immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells) to the inflammatory site, and its interaction with various adhesion molecules is involved in the occurrence and development of IBD. Although the function of CD34 as a partial cell marker is well known, little is known on its role in IBD. Therefore, this article describes the structure and biological function of CD34, as well as on its potential mechanism in the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Virus-Related Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyan Dong
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Virus-Related Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shichen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Virus-Related Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiulan Qi
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Virus-Related Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Jiang, ; Feng Hong, ; Lei Xiong,
| | - Feng Hong
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Jiang, ; Feng Hong, ; Lei Xiong,
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Virus-Related Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Jiang, ; Feng Hong, ; Lei Xiong,
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Silva RCMC, Lopes MF, Travassos LH. Distinct T helper cell-mediated antitumor immunity: T helper 2 cells in focus. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:76-86. [PMID: 38328613 PMCID: PMC10846313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive arm of the immune system is crucial for appropriate antitumor immune responses. It is generally accepted that clusters of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T cells, which mediate T helper (Th) 1 immunity (type 1 immunity), are the primary Th cell subtype associated with tumor elimination. In this review, we discuss evidence showing that antitumor immunity and better prognosis can be associated with distinct Th cell subtypes in experimental mouse models and humans, with a focus on Th2 cells. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and understanding of the mechanisms associated with different tumor outcomes in the face of immune responses by focusing on the (1) site of tumor development, (2) tumor properties (i. e., tumor metabolism and cytokine receptor expression), and (3) type of immune response that the tumor initially escaped. Therefore, we discuss how low-tolerance organs, such as lungs and brains, might benefit from a less tissue-destructive immune response mediated by Th2 cells. In addition, Th2 cells antitumor effects can be independent of CD8+ T cells, which would circumvent some of the immune escape mechanisms that tumor cells possess, like low expression of major histocompatibility-I (MHC-I). Finally, this review aims to stimulate further studies on the role of Th2 cells in antitumor immunity and briefly discusses emerging treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Freitas Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunity Biology George DosReis,Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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