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Ge J, Yin X, Sun X, Kou L, Xue X, Ma J. Chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with decreased anti-tumor immune response through MHC molecule and B7 family members. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:221. [PMID: 38861194 PMCID: PMC11166614 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging due to chemotherapeutic drug-resistance (CDR). Aberrant expression B7 family proteins are involved in tumors evasion. We wonder whether B7 family protein alteration in AML CDR further supports tumor escape. Here, we establish AML cytarabine-resistant cell line U937/Ara-C and report on the expression MHC molecule and B7 family member. HLA-ABC was highly expressed similarly on both cell lines. MIC (MHC class I chain related) A/B and B7-H6 was moderately expressed on the surface of U937 and decreased dramatically by U937/Ara-C. In contrast, enhanced expression of B7-H1 and B7-H7 by U937/Ara-C was observed. HLA-DR and other B7 family members including CD80, CD86, B7-DC, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, and B7-H5 were not detected by both cell lines. Compared co-cultured with U937, peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a decreased cytotoxicity when incubated with U937/Ara-C, as indicated by decreased levels of granzyme B and perforin production, accompanied with less TNF-α and lactate dehydrogenase secretion. In conclusion, AML CDR further evades the anti-tumor immune response which may through MHC molecule and B7 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yin
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liduo Kou
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Aerospace Central Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Aerospace, Beijng, 100049, China
| | - Xin Xue
- China Basic Medical Theory of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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2
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Zhou F, Du F, Wang Z, Xue M, Wu D, Chen S, He X. PD-1 blockade immunotherapy as a successful rescue treatment for disseminated adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 38764055 PMCID: PMC11103978 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Disseminated adenovirus infection is a complication with a relatively high mortality rate among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The low efficacy and poor availability of current treatment options are of major concern. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade has been used to treat several chronic viral infections. Herein, we report a case of disseminated adenovirus infection in the early posttransplant period. The patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma at first and underwent 8 cycles of chemotherapy, including rituximab. She was subsequently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and received haploidentical transplantation. She was diagnosed with Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV)-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) 2 months after the transplant, and 3 doses of rituximab were administered. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated adenovirus infection with upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and blood involved at 3 months after transplantation. She was first treated with a reduction in immunosuppression, cidofovir and ribavirin. Then, the patient received salvage treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab (200 mg) after achieving no response to conventional therapy. The adenovirus was cleared 3 weeks later, and concomitant EBV was also cleared. Although the patient developed graft-versus-host disease of the liver after the administration of the PD-1 inhibitor, she was cured with steroid-free therapy. Therefore, PD-1 blockade immunotherapy can be considered a promising treatment option for patients with disseminated adenovirus infection after transplantation, with fully weighing the hazards of infection and the side effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Feng Du
- Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Mengxing Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Suning Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xuefeng He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Cherfan C, Chebly A, Rezvani HR, Beylot-Barry M, Chevret E. Delving into the Metabolism of Sézary Cells: A Brief Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:635. [PMID: 38790264 PMCID: PMC11121102 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the accumulation of neoplastic T or B lymphocytes in the skin. Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive and rare form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by an erythroderma and the presence of atypical cerebriform T cells named Sézary cells in skin and blood. Most of the available treatments for SS are not curative, which means there is an urgent need for the development of novel efficient therapies. Recently, targeting cancer metabolism has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This is due to the accumulating evidence that metabolic reprogramming highly contributes to tumor progression. Genes play a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes, and alterations in these genes can disrupt the delicate balance of metabolic pathways, potentially contributing to cancer development. In this review, we discuss the importance of targeting energy metabolism in tumors and the currently available data on the metabolism of Sézary cells, paving the way for potential new therapeutic approaches aiming to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Cherfan
- BRIC, BoRdeaux Institute of onCology, UMR 1312, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.C.); (H.R.R.); (M.B.-B.)
| | - Alain Chebly
- Center Jacques Loiselet for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 17-5208, Lebanon;
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- BRIC, BoRdeaux Institute of onCology, UMR 1312, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.C.); (H.R.R.); (M.B.-B.)
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- BRIC, BoRdeaux Institute of onCology, UMR 1312, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.C.); (H.R.R.); (M.B.-B.)
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Edith Chevret
- BRIC, BoRdeaux Institute of onCology, UMR 1312, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (C.C.); (H.R.R.); (M.B.-B.)
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4
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Shen X, Yang J, Qian G, Sheng M, Wang Y, Li G, Yan J. Treatment-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1391724. [PMID: 38826783 PMCID: PMC11140092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1391724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study comprehensively assesses the incidence and profiles of treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies across cancer at various sites. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for trials investigating ICI-based therapies published between their inception and August 2023. Results In total, 147 studies involving 45,855 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, patients treated with ICIs reported 39.8% and 14.9% of all-grade and grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs), respectively. The most common all-grade irAEs were dermatological and gastrointestinal issues, diarrhea, and pruritus, whereas patients who received ICIs showed most common grade ≥3 irAEs, including gastrointestinal events, diarrhea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels, and hepatic and dermatological events. The overall trAE incidence in patients treated with ICIs was 83.2% for all-grade trAEs and 38.2% for grade ≥3 trAEs. TrAE incidence was highest for patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors for all-grade and grade ≥3 trAEs, with incidences of 86.4% and 39.2%, respectively. ICIs combined with targeted therapy showed the highest all-grade and grade ≥3 trAEs, with incidences of 96.3% and 59.4%, respectively. The most common all-grade trAEs were anemia, decrease in white blood cell count, decrease in neutrophil count, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, and alopecia; patients who received ICIs presented relatively high incidences of grade ≥3 trAEs. Conclusion This study provided comprehensive data regarding irAEs and trAEs in patients receiving ICIs. These results should be applied in clinical practice to provide an essential reference for safety profiles of ICIs. Systematic review registration INPLASY platform, identifier INPLASY202380119.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zong Y, Deng K, Chong WP. Regulation of Treg cells by cytokine signaling and co-stimulatory molecules. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387975. [PMID: 38807592 PMCID: PMC11131382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a vital component of the immune system, are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. This review explores the signaling pathways of the cytokines that regulate Treg cells, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IL-35, which foster the differentiation and enhance the immunosuppressive capabilities of Tregs. It also examines how, conversely, signals mediated by IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) can undermine Treg suppressive functions or even drive their reprogramming into effector T cells. The B7 family comprises indispensable co-stimulators for T cell activation. Among its members, this review focuses on the capacity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 to regulate the differentiation, function, and survival of Tregs. As Tregs play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review delves into the potential of employing Treg-based immunotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer. By shedding light on these topics, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the regulation of Tregs by cytokines and their therapeutic potential for various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihang Deng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Po Chong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Wang J, Yan L, Wang X, Jia R, Guo J. Surface PD-1 expression in T cells is suppressed by HNRNPK through an exonic splicing silencer on exon 3. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01887-4. [PMID: 38698180 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1 or PD-1) and its ligands has shown remarkable promise and the regulation mechanism of PD-1 expression has received arising attention in recent years. PDCD1 exon 3 encodes the transmembrane domain and the deletion of exon 3 produces a soluble protein isoform of PD-1 (sPD-1), which can enhance immune response by competing with full-length PD-1 protein (flPD-1 or surface PD-1) on T cell surface. However, the mechanism of PDCD1 exon 3 skipping is unclear. METHODS The online SpliceAid program and minigene expression system were used to analyze potential splicing factors involved in the splicing event of PDCD1 exon 3. The potential binding motifs of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) on exon 3 predicted by SpliceAid were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis technology, which were further verified by pulldown assay. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the exonic splicing silencer (ESS) on PDCD1 exon 3 were synthesized and screened to suppress the skipping of exon 3. The alternative splicing of PDCD1 exon 3 was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. Western blot and flow cytometry were performed to detect the surface PD-1 expression in T cells. RESULTS HNRNPK was screened as a key splicing factor that promoted PDCD1 exon 3 skipping, causing a decrease in flPD-1 expression on T cell membrane and an increase in sPD-1 expression. Mechanically, a key ESS has been identified on exon 3 and can be bound by HNRNPK protein to promote exon 3 skipping. Blocking the interaction between ESS and HNRNPK with an ASO significantly reduced exon 3 skipping. Importantly, HNRNPK can promote exon 3 skipping of mouse Pdcd1 gene as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a novel evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism of PD-1 expression. The splicing factor HNRNPK markedly promoted PDCD1 exon 3 skipping by binding to the ESS on PDCD1 exon 3, resulting in decreased expression of flPD-1 and increased expression of sPD-1 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lingyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Ward JD, Fowler M, Robledo-Gomez A, Goodyear SM, Kardosh A, Sasatomi E. PD-L1 expression in pancreaticobiliary adenosquamous carcinoma: a single-institution case series. J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 15:768-779. [PMID: 38756636 PMCID: PMC11094501 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-24-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is a potent negative regulator of T-cell-mediated immune response that is upregulated in many neoplasms. Pancreaticobiliary adenosquamous carcinoma (PB-ASC) is an aggressive cancer that carries a poorer prognosis compared with pure pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma (PB-AC). To date, there is little published information regarding PD-L1 expression in PB-ASC. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in PB-ASC and PB-AC. Methods We evaluated 15 PB-ASCs (10 pancreatic, 5 gallbladder) and 34 control PB-ACs (22 pancreatic ductal, and 12 gallbladder) for tumor expression of PD-L1 using anti-PD-L1 (E1L3N) antibody. All tumors were classified into three immune phenotypes: immune inflamed (II), immune excluded (IE), and immune desert (ID) according to the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues. Results The frequency of PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in PB-ASC (10/15; 66.7%) than in PB-AC (3/34; 8.8%). In PB-ASC, PD-L1 expression occurred exclusively in the squamous component in six cases, exclusively in the glandular component in one case, and in both the squamous and the glandular components in three cases. PD-L1 expression in PB-ASC was irrespective of the tumor immune status, whereas its expression in PB-AC was observed only in tumors with the II or IE phenotype. The ID phenotype was relatively rare (4/15; 26.7%) in PB-ASC compared with PB-AC (22/34; 65%; P=0.02). Conclusions PB-ASCs are notably enriched in inflammatory response and showed significantly higher PD-L1 expression than PB-AC (P<0.001), suggesting a potential therapeutic role for immune checkpoint inhibitors in managing patients with PB-ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Ward
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark Fowler
- Department of Pathology, Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Ariannette Robledo-Gomez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shaun M. Goodyear
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adel Kardosh
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eizaburo Sasatomi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
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Petre I, Vernic C, Petre I, Vlad CS, Sipos SI, Bordianu A, Luciana M, Dragomir RD, Fizedean CM, Daliborca CV. Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Outcomes of Nivolumab Treatment Schemes in Advanced and Metastatic Cervical Cancer. Diseases 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 38667535 PMCID: PMC11049060 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced and metastatic cervical cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology, with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab emerging as a potential therapeutic option. This systematic review rigorously assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of various nivolumab treatment regimens within this patient cohort, drawing from clinical trials and real-world evidence up to December 2023. Following a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, four studies were deemed eligible, involving a collective total of 80 patients. One preliminary trial data were excluded from the final analysis, as well as four other proceedings and abstracts on the efficacy and safety of nivolumab on advanced cervical cancer. The patients' average age across these studies was 48 years, with an average of 38% having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1. Notably, 64% of all patients were positive for high-risk HPV, and 71% exhibited PD-L1 positivity, indicating a substantial target population for nivolumab. The analysis revealed a pooled objective response rate (ORR) of 48%, with a disease control rate (DCR) averaging 71%. Moreover, progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was observed at an average rate of 50%, reflecting the significant potential of nivolumab in managing advanced stages of the disease. The review highlights the influence of PD-L1 status on response rates and underscores the enhanced outcomes associated with combination therapy approaches. By delineating the variability in treatment efficacy and pinpointing key factors affecting therapeutic response and survival, this systematic review calls for further investigations to refine nivolumab's clinical application, aiming to improve patient outcomes in advanced and metastatic cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Petre
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Functional Sciences, Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Vernic
- Department of Functional Sciences, Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Izabella Petre
- Department XII of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristian Sebastian Vlad
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
| | - Simona Ioana Sipos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
| | - Anca Bordianu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Bagdasar-Arseni, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marc Luciana
- Department VII of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Radu Dumitru Dragomir
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Camelia Melania Fizedean
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Vlad Daliborca
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
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Sánchez-Herrero S, Benito-Villalvilla C, Palomares O. Purified Free Mannan Promotes Tolerogenic Responses in Peanut-Stimulated Human Dendritic Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38513626 DOI: 10.1159/000537989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IgE-mediated peanut allergy is an important public health problem of increasing prevalence leading to anaphylactic reactions both in children and adults. Allergen-specific oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the single treatment with the potential capacity to modify the course of the disease, but it still faces some drawbacks in terms of efficacy, safety, patients' adherence, and cost. Alternative strategies, including the use of novel adjuvants, to overcome such limitations are highly demanded. The main aim of this study was to search for potential novel adjuvants for peanut OIT by assessing the capacity of free purified mannan and different toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) to immunomodulate the responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) to peanut allergens. METHODS Monocytes were isolated from PBMCs of healthy donors and differentiated into hmoDCs. Flow cytometry, ELISA, coculture, and suppression assay were performed to assess the effects of TLR-Ls, mannan, and crude peanut extract (CPE) in hmoDCs. RESULTS Purified free mannan increased the expression levels of HLA-DR, CD86, CD83, and PD-L1 and induced a higher IL-10/IL-6 cytokine ratio in hmoDCs compared to the stimulation with different TLR-Ls. Mannan significantly increased the expression of HLA-DR, the maturation marker CD83, the tolerogenic marker PD-L1, as well as the production of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α in CPE-stimulated hmoDCs. Supporting these tolerogenic properties, mannan also significantly increased the frequency of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells generated by CPE-treated hmoDCs with functional suppressive capacity. CONCLUSIONS We uncover that purified free mannan induces tolerogenic responses in human DCs stimulated with peanut allergens, suggesting mannan as a suitable potential novel adjuvant to be exploited in the context of OIT for peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Li T, Niu M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. The enhanced antitumor activity of bispecific antibody targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:179. [PMID: 38475778 PMCID: PMC10935874 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, a key player in immune checkpoint regulation, has become a focal point in cancer immunotherapy. In the context of cancer, upregulated PD-L1 on tumor cells can result in T cell exhaustion and immune evasion, fostering tumor progression. The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has demonstrated clinical success by unleashing T cells from exhaustion. Nevertheless, challenges such as resistance and adverse effects have spurred the exploration of innovative strategies, with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a promising frontier. BsAbs offer a multifaceted approach to cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously targeting PD-L1 and other immune regulatory molecules. We focus on recent advancements in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with a particular emphasis on the development and potential of BsAbs, especially in the context of solid tumors. Various BsAb products targeting PD-1 signaling are discussed, highlighting their unique mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Noteworthy examples include anti-TGFβ × PD-L1, anti-CD47 × PD-L1, anti-VEGF × PD-L1, anti-4-1BB × PD-L1, anti-LAG-3 × PD-L1, and anti-PD-1 × CTLA-4 BsAbs. Besides, we summarize ongoing clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these innovative BsAb agents. By unraveling the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment and harnessing the synergistic effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 BsAbs, there exists the potential to elevate the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, ultimately enabling the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wang CM, Jan Wu YJ, Huang LY, Zheng JW, Chen JY. Comprehensive Co-Inhibitory Receptor (Co-IR) Expression on T Cells and Soluble Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2024; 13:403. [PMID: 38474367 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory receptors (Co-IRs) are essential in controlling the progression of immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by limiting T cell activation. The objective of this investigation was to determine the phenotypic expression of Co-IR T cells and to assess the levels of serum soluble PD-1, PDL-2, and TIM3 in Taiwanese RA patients. METHODS Co-IRs T cells were immunophenotyped employing multicolor flow cytometry, and ELISA was utilized for measuring soluble PD-1, PDL-2, and TIM3. Correlations have been detected across the percentage of T cells expressing Co-IRs (MFI) and different indicators in the blood, including ESR, high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), 28 joint disease activity scores (DAS28), and soluble PD-1/PDL-2/TIM3. RESULTS In RA patients, we recognized elevated levels of PD-1 (CD279), CTLA-4, and TIGIT in CD4+ T cells; TIGIT, HLA-DR, TIM3, and LAG3 in CD8+ T cells; and CD8+CD279+TIM3+, CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells. The following tests were revealed to be correlated with hsCRP: CD4/CD279 MFI, CD4/CD279%, CD4/TIM3%, CD8/TIM3%, CD8/TIM3 MFI, CD8/LAG3%, and CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+%. CD8/LAG3 and CD8/TIM3 MFIs are linked to ESR. DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP exhibited relationships with CD4/CD127 MFI, CD8/CD279%, and CD8/CD127 MFI, respectively. CD4+CD279+TIM3+% was correlated with DAS28-ESR (p = 0.0084, N = 46), DAS28-CRP (p = 0.007, N = 47), and hsCRP (p = 0.002, N = 56), respectively. In the serum of patients with RA, levels of soluble PD-1, PDL-2, and Tim3 were extremely elevated. CD4+ TIM3+% (p = 0.0089, N = 46) and CD8+ TIM3+% (p = 0.0305, N = 46) were correlated with sTIM3 levels; sPD1 levels were correlated with CD4+CD279+% (p < 0.0001, N = 31) and CD3+CD279+% (p = 0.0084, N = 30). CONCLUSIONS Co-IR expressions on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as soluble PD-1, PDL-2, and TIM3 levels, could function as indicators of disease activity and potentially play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Jian Jan Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wen Zheng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 5, Fu-Shin St. Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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12
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Gruden E, Kienzl M, Ristic D, Kindler O, Kaspret DM, Schmid ST, Kargl J, Sturm E, Doyle AD, Wright BL, Baumann-Durchschein F, Konrad J, Blesl A, Schlager H, Schicho R. Mononuclear cell composition and activation in blood and mucosal tissue of eosinophilic esophagitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347259. [PMID: 38318168 PMCID: PMC10839056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, inflammatory, antigen-driven disease of the esophagus. Tissue EoE pathology has previously been extensively characterized by novel transcriptomics and proteomic platforms, however the majority of surface marker determination and screening has been performed in blood due to mucosal tissue size limitations. While eosinophils, CD4+ T cells, mast cells and natural killer (NK) T cells were previously investigated in the context of EoE, an accurate picture of the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their activation is missing. Methods In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activation using surface marker measurements with multicolor flow cytometry simultaneously in both blood and mucosal tissue of patients with active EoE, inactive EoE, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and controls. Moreover, we set out to validate our data in co-cultures of PBMC with human primary esophageal epithelial cells and in a novel inducible mouse model of eosinophilic esophagitis, characterized by extensive IL-33 secretion in the esophagus. Results Our results indicate that specific PBMC populations are enriched, and that they alter their surface expression of activation markers in mucosal tissue of active EoE. In particular, we observed upregulation of the immunomodulatory molecule CD38 on CD4+ T cells and on myeloid cells in biopsies of active EoE. Moreover, we observed significant upregulation of PD-1 on CD4+ and myeloid cells, which was even more prominent after corticosteroid treatment. With co-culture experiments we could demonstrate that direct cell contact is needed for PD-1 upregulation on CD4+ T cells. Finally, we validated our findings of PD-1 and CD38 upregulation in an inducible mouse model of EoE. Discussion Herein we show significant alterations in the PBMC activation profile of patients with active EoE in comparison to inactive EoE, GERD and controls, which could have potential implications for treatment. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind expanding the multi-color flow cytometry approach in different patient groups using in vitro and in vivo translational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gruden
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dusica Ristic
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Kindler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Markus Kaspret
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Theresa Schmid
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred D. Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Franziska Baumann-Durchschein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Konrad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Blesl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Schlager
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Geng Q, Jiao P. Anti-PD-L1-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2024; 29:454. [PMID: 38257366 PMCID: PMC10819708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD-L1 via monospecific antibodies has shown durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical cancer signs for many years after treatment. However, the durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions by anti-PD-L1 monotherapy have been limited to a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types. Targeting PD-L1 via bispecific antibodies (referred to as anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs) which can simultaneously bind to both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules may increase the durable antitumor responses in patients who would not benefit from PD-L1 monotherapy. A growing number of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs have been developed to fight against this deadly disease. This review summarizes recent advances of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs for cancer immunotherapy in patents and literatures, and discusses their anti-tumor efficacies in vitro and in vivo. Over 50 anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs targeting both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules have been investigated in biological testing or in clinical trials since 2017. At least eleven proteins, such as CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD28, CD27, OX40, CD137, and ICOS, are involved in these investigations. Twenty-two anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs are being evaluated to treat various advanced cancers in clinical trials, wherein the indications include NSCLC, SNSCLC, SCLC, PDA, MBNHL, SCCHN, UC, EC, TNBC, CC, and some other malignancies. The released data from clinical trials indicated that most of the anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs were well-tolerated and showed promising antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. However, since the approved and investigational bsAbs have shown much more significant adverse reactions compared to PD-L1 monospecific antibodies, anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs may be further optimized via molecular structure modification to avoid or reduce these adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
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Carvalho FM. Triple-negative breast cancer: from none to multiple therapeutic targets in two decades. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244781. [PMID: 38023167 PMCID: PMC10666917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are more likely to occur in younger patients and have a poor prognosis. They are highly heterogeneous tumors consisting of different molecular subtypes. The only common characteristic among them is the absence of targets for endocrine therapy and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade. In the past two decades, there has been an increased understanding of these tumors from a molecular perspective, leading to their stratification according to new therapeutic strategies. TNBC has ushered breast carcinomas into the era of immunotherapy. The higher frequency of germline BRCA mutations in these tumors enables targeting this repair defect by drugs like PARP inhibitors, resulting in synthetic lethality in neoplastic cells. Additionally, we have the identification of new molecules to which this generation of smart drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are directed. In this review, we will discuss the trajectory of this knowledge in a systematic manner, presenting the molecular bases, therapeutic possibilities, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Marino Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Mamat @ Yusof MN, Chew KT, Kampan NC, Shafiee MN. Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Endometrial Cancer: Molecular and Clinical Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15233. [PMID: 37894913 PMCID: PMC10607163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of diagnosing and treating endometrial cancer is undergoing a profound transformation due to the integration of molecular analysis and innovative therapeutic approaches. For several decades, the cornerstone treatments for endometrial cancer have included surgical resection, cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and radiation therapy. However, in recent years, the concept of personalised medicine has gained momentum, reshaping the way clinicians approach cancer treatment. Tailoring treatments based on specific biomarkers has evolved into a standard practice in both initial and recurrent therapy protocols. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the current state of molecular analysis and treatment strategies in the context of endometrial cancer, focusing on the immunological aspect of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Furthermore, it seeks to shed light on emerging and innovative approaches that hold promise for the future modulation of endometrial cancer treatments. In essence, as researchers delve into the complex molecular landscape of endometrial cancer and harness the understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, we are paving the way for more targeted, effective, and personalised therapies that have the potential to significantly improve the outcomes and quality of life for patients with this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamad Nasir Shafiee
- Gynaecologic-Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Chen R, Lin Q, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu Q, Tang H, Cui N, Jiang L, Dai X, Chen W, Li X. Sintilimab treatment for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:297. [PMID: 37736751 PMCID: PMC10514962 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) and Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) are rare but life-threatening progressive diseases triggered by EBV infection. Glucocorticoid/immunosuppressants treatment is temporarily effective; however, most patients relapse and/or progress. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy; however, there are risks of transplantation-associated complications. Currently there is no standard treatment for CAEBV and EBV-HLH. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have achieved a high response in many EBV-related diseases. Sintilimab (a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1) disrupts the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand, leading to T cell reinvigoration. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on three children with CAEBV or EBV-HLH in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between 12 December 2020 and 28 November 2022. The efficacy of sintilimab was evaluated. RESULTS Three patients, including two males and one female, were analyzed. Among them, two children were diagnosed with CAEBV with intermittent fever for more than four years, and one child was diagnosed with EBV-HLH. After sintilimab treatment and a mean follow-up of 17.1 months (range 10.0-23.3 months), patients 1 and 3 achieved a complete clinical response and patient 2 achieved a partial clinical response. All three children showed a > 50% decrease in EBV-DNA load in both blood and plasma. EBV-DNA copies in sorted T, B, and NK cells were also markedly decreased after sintilimab treatment. CONCLUSION Our data supported the efficacy of PD-1 targeted therapy in certain patients with CAEBV and EBV-HLH, and suggested that sintilimab could provide a cure for these diseases, without HSCT. More prospective studies and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinying Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyun Tang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningxun Cui
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.303 Jing De Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
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Toledo A, Fragoso G, Carrillo-Mezo R, Romo ML, Sciutto E, Fleury A. Can sPD-1 and sPD-L1 Plasma Concentrations Predict Treatment Response among Patients with Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis? Pathogens 2023; 12:1116. [PMID: 37764924 PMCID: PMC10535301 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EP-NC) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening disease that responds poorly to initial anthelmintic drug therapy. A depressed specific reactivity of peripheral lymphocytes and an increased level of specific Tregs accompanies EP-NC. The immune checkpoint pathway PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 downregulates effector T cells, causing specific immune suppression in chronic diseases. This study explored whether their soluble forms, sPD-1/sPD-L1, are present in plasma among patients with EP-NC and if their levels could be associated with treatment response. A total of 21 patients with vesicular EP-NC and 22 healthy controls were included. Patients received standard treatment and were followed for six months to assess treatment response by assessing changes in cyst volume determined with 3D MRI. The presence of both sPD-1 and sPD-L1 was more frequently detected among patients with EP-NC than in healthy controls and had higher concentrations. Among patients, higher pre-treatment levels of both markers were associated with a poor treatment response, and the sensitivity and specificity of the sPD-1/sPD-L1 ratio for predicting any response to treatment were high. Our results are consistent with the presence of lymphocyte exhaustion and open new research perspectives to improve the prognosis of patients with this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toledo
- Unidad de Neuro Inflamación, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roger Carrillo-Mezo
- Departamento de Neurorradiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Matthew L Romo
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Unidad de Neuro Inflamación, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- Clínica de Neurocisticercosis, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
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Profili NI, Castelli R, Gidaro A, Merella A, Manetti R, Palmieri G, Maioli M, Delitala AP. Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5161. [PMID: 37568563 PMCID: PMC10419837 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that elicit an anti-tumor response by stimulating immune system. Their use has improved the treatment of different types of cancer such as melanoma, breast carcinoma, lung, stomach, colon, liver, renal cell carcinoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma, but several adverse events have been reported. Although the etiology of these effects is not completely understood, an uncontrolled activation of the immune system has been postulated. Indeed, some studies showed a cross reactivity of T cells, which acted against tumor antigens as well as antigens in the tissues of patients who developed immune-related adverse events. Despite the known possibility of developing immune-related adverse events, early diagnosis, monitoring during therapy, and treatment are fundamental for the best supportive care and administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this review is to guide the clinician in early diagnosis, management, and treatment of the endocrinological adverse effects in the major endocrine glands (thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, endocrine pancreas, and parathyroid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicia I. Profili
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gidaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Merella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro P. Delitala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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