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Gruden E, Kienzl M, Ristic D, Kindler O, Kaspret DM, Schmid ST, Kargl J, Sturm E, Doyle AD, Wright BL, Baumann-Durchschein F, Konrad J, Blesl A, Schlager H, Schicho R. Mononuclear cell composition and activation in blood and mucosal tissue of eosinophilic esophagitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347259. [PMID: 38318168 PMCID: PMC10839056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, inflammatory, antigen-driven disease of the esophagus. Tissue EoE pathology has previously been extensively characterized by novel transcriptomics and proteomic platforms, however the majority of surface marker determination and screening has been performed in blood due to mucosal tissue size limitations. While eosinophils, CD4+ T cells, mast cells and natural killer (NK) T cells were previously investigated in the context of EoE, an accurate picture of the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their activation is missing. Methods In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activation using surface marker measurements with multicolor flow cytometry simultaneously in both blood and mucosal tissue of patients with active EoE, inactive EoE, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and controls. Moreover, we set out to validate our data in co-cultures of PBMC with human primary esophageal epithelial cells and in a novel inducible mouse model of eosinophilic esophagitis, characterized by extensive IL-33 secretion in the esophagus. Results Our results indicate that specific PBMC populations are enriched, and that they alter their surface expression of activation markers in mucosal tissue of active EoE. In particular, we observed upregulation of the immunomodulatory molecule CD38 on CD4+ T cells and on myeloid cells in biopsies of active EoE. Moreover, we observed significant upregulation of PD-1 on CD4+ and myeloid cells, which was even more prominent after corticosteroid treatment. With co-culture experiments we could demonstrate that direct cell contact is needed for PD-1 upregulation on CD4+ T cells. Finally, we validated our findings of PD-1 and CD38 upregulation in an inducible mouse model of EoE. Discussion Herein we show significant alterations in the PBMC activation profile of patients with active EoE in comparison to inactive EoE, GERD and controls, which could have potential implications for treatment. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind expanding the multi-color flow cytometry approach in different patient groups using in vitro and in vivo translational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gruden
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dusica Ristic
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Kindler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Markus Kaspret
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Theresa Schmid
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred D. Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Franziska Baumann-Durchschein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Konrad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Blesl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Schlager
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Gruden E, Kienzl M, Hasenoehrl C, Sarsembayeva A, Ristic D, Schmid ST, Maitz K, Taschler U, Hahnefeld L, Gurke R, Thomas D, Kargl J, Schicho R. Tumor microenvironment-derived monoacylglycerol lipase provokes tumor-specific immune responses and lipid profiles. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 196:102585. [PMID: 37573716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently described that monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), increasing tumor growth. In this study we compare the implications of MGL deficiency in the TME in different tumor types. We show that subcutaneous injection of KP (KrasLSL-G12D/p53fl/fl, mouse lung adenocarcinoma) or B16-F10 cells (mouse melanoma) induced tumor growth in MGL wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. MGL deficiency in the TME attenuated the growth of KP cell tumors whereas tumors from B16-F10 cells increased in size. Opposite immune cell profiles were detected between the two tumor types in MGL KO mice. In line with their anti-tumorigenic function, the number of CD8+ effector T cells and eosinophils increased in KP cell tumors of MGL KO vs. WT mice whereas their presence was reduced in B16-F10 cell tumors of MGL KO mice. Differences were seen in lipid profiles between the investigated tumor types. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) content significantly increased in KP, but not B16-F10 cell tumors of MGL KO vs. WT mice while other endocannabinoid-related lipids remained unchanged. However, profiles of phospho- and lysophospholipids, sphingomyelins and fatty acids in KP cell tumors were clearly distinct to those measured in B16-F10 cell tumors. Our data indicate that TME-localized MGL impacts tumor growth, as well as levels of 2-AG and other lipids in a tumor specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gruden
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Carina Hasenoehrl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Arailym Sarsembayeva
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dusica Ristic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Theresa Schmid
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Maitz
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Kargl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ting
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - S T Schmid
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - S Synoracki
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - K W Schmid
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
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Schmid ST, Koepke J, Dresel M, Hattesohl A, Frenzel E, Perez J, Lomas DA, Miranda E, Greulich T, Noeske S, Wencker M, Teschler H, Vogelmeier C, Janciauskiene S, Koczulla AR. The effects of weekly augmentation therapy in patients with PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:687-96. [PMID: 23055718 PMCID: PMC3468059 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major concept behind augmentation therapy with human α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is to raise the levels of AAT in patients with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ (Glu342Lys)-inherited AAT deficiency and to protect lung tissues from proteolysis and progression of emphysema. Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of augmentation therapy (Prolastin®) on plasma levels of AAT, C-reactive protein, and chemokines/cytokines. Materials and methods Serum and exhaled breath condensate were collected from individuals with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ AAT deficiency-related emphysema (n = 12) on the first, third, and seventh day after the infusion of intravenous Prolastin. Concentrations of total and polymeric AAT, interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein were determined. Blood neutrophils and primary epithelial cells were also exposed to Prolastin (1 mg/mL). Results There were significant fluctuations in serum (but not in exhaled breath condensate) levels of AAT polymers, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor within a week of augmentation therapy. In general, augmented individuals had higher AAT and lower serum levels of IL-8 than nonaugmented subjects. Prolastin added for 3 hours to neutrophils from protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ individuals in vitro reduced IL-8 release but showed no effect on cytokine/chemokine release from human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusion Within a week, augmentation with Prolastin induced fluctuations in serum levels of AAT polymers and cytokine/chemokines but specifically lowered IL-8 levels. It remains to be determined whether these effects are related to the Prolastin preparation per se or to the therapeutic efficacy of augmentation with AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division for Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Eckstein FS, Scheule AM, Pauncz Y, Schmid ST, Zucker M, Ziemer G. Transmyocardial laser revascularization with the Holmium:YAG laser does not improve myocardial perfusion in the acutely ischemic heart: an experimental study measuring myocardial perfusion by a thermal imaging camera. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 47:293-7. [PMID: 10599956 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1013161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) is a new surgical therapy for patients with end-stage coronary artery disease refractory to conventional therapy. TMLR should act by improvement of perfusion of the lasered myocardium. Blood should be delivered from the cavity of the heart to the surface of the myocardium. The aim of this study was to measure perfusion of normal, ischemic, and ischemic myocardium after TMLR. METHOD We used a new method of perfusion measurement by an infrared thermal imaging system in an open-chested adult sheep model with temporary and permanent occlusion of the dominant diagonal branch. RESULTS A significant fall from normal perfusion of the myocardium to reduced after inducing ischemia (p<0.01) and a significant rise again after reperfusion (p<0.001) could be shown. Perfusion measurements after TMLR did not significantly differ from perfusion measurements after inducing ischemia (p=0.2). CONCLUSION In the presented sheep model, laser revascularization could not improve myocardial perfusion after acute ischemia as seen by the infrared thermal imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Eckstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Eckstein FS, Scheule AM, Vogel U, Schmid ST, Miller S, Jurmann MJ, Ziemer G. Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the acute ischaemic heart: no improvement of acute myocardial perfusion or prevention of myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15:702-8. [PMID: 10386421 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has been used to provide enhanced myocardial perfusion in patients not suitable for coronary revascularization or angioplasty. This study investigates the acute changes in myocardial perfusion after TMLR with a Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (YAG) laser with a thermal imaging camera in a model of acute ischaemia, and confirms its midterm effects by post-mortem investigation of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination. METHODS Acute myocardial ischaemia was induced by occlusion of the dominant diagonal branch in ten sheep. Perfusion measurements were undertaken first in the unaffected myocardium, then after temporary occlusion of the coronary to obtain a control measurement for ischaemic myocardium. Myocardial perfusion was then evaluated during reperfusion after release of coronary occlusion. Then the coronary was permanently occluded and 20.5+/-2 channels were drilled with the Holmium:YAG laser and perfusion was measured again. The other four sheep served as control with untreated ischaemia. All animals were sacrificed after 28 days following administration of gadolinium i.v. to serve as contrast medium for magnetic resonance tomography. The hearts were subjected to magnetic resonance tomography and histopathological examination. RESULTS Intraoperative perfusion measurements revealed a decreased perfusion after temporary occlusion and an increased perfusion in reperfused myocardium. After TMLR, no improvement of myocardial perfusion above the ischaemic level could be shown. Magnetic resonance images could neither confirm patent laser channels nor viable myocardium within ischaemic areas. On histology no patent endocardial laser channel could be detected. The transmural features were myocardial infarct with scar tissue. CONCLUSIONS In the presented sheep model with acute ischaemia, TMLR with a Holmium:YAG laser did not provide acute improvement of myocardial perfusion as assessed by a thermal imaging camera. This would suggest no direct contribution of newly created laser channels to myocardial perfusion. As chronic effects are concerned, no perfused laser channels could be identified by later magnetic resonance imaging or histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Eckstein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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