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Bhol NK, Bhanjadeo MM, Singh AK, Dash UC, Ojha RR, Majhi S, Duttaroy AK, Jena AB. The interplay between cytokines, inflammation, and antioxidants: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials of various antioxidants and anti-cytokine compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117177. [PMID: 39053423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines regulate immune responses essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, as deregulated cytokine signaling can lead to detrimental outcomes, including inflammatory disorders. The antioxidants emerge as promising therapeutic agents because they mitigate oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory pathways. Antioxidants can potentially ameliorate inflammation-related disorders by counteracting excessive cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. A comprehensive understanding of cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways and the interplay with antioxidants is paramount for developing natural therapeutic agents targeting inflammation-related disorders and helping to improve clinical outcomes and enhance the quality of life for patients. Among these antioxidants, curcumin, vitamin C, vitamin D, propolis, allicin, and cinnamaldehyde have garnered attention for their anti-inflammatory properties and potential therapeutic benefits. This review highlights the interrelationship between cytokines-mediated disorders in various diseases and therapeutic approaches involving antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar Bhol
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | | | - Anup Kumar Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Ranjan Ojha
- Department of Bioinformatics, BJB (A) College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751014, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Atala Bihari Jena
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India.
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2
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Wang Z, Xu J, Mo L, Zhan R, Zhang J, Liu L, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Bai Y. The Application Potential of the Regulation of Tregs Function by Irisin in the Prevention and Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3005-3023. [PMID: 39050796 PMCID: PMC11268596 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s465713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a muscle factor induced by exercise, generated through the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5). Numerous studies have shown that irisin plays a significant role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammatory responses, and providing neuroprotection. Additionally, irisin can exert immunomodulatory functions by regulating regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a highly differentiated subset of mature T cells that play a key role in maintaining self-immune homeostasis and are closely related to infections, inflammation, immune-related diseases, and tumors. Irisin exerts persistent positive effects on Treg cell functions through various mechanisms, including regulating Treg cell differentiation and proliferation, improving their function, modulating the balance of immune cells, increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing metabolic functions, thereby helping to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent immune-related diseases. As an important myokine, irisin interacts with receptors on the cell membrane, activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell metabolism, proliferation, and function. Although the specific receptor for irisin has not been fully identified, integrins are considered potential receptors. Irisin activates various signaling pathways, including AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, through integrin receptors, thereby exerting multiple biological effects. These research findings provide important clues for understanding the mechanisms of irisin's action and theoretical basis for its potential applications in metabolic diseases and immunomodulation. This article reviews the relationship between irisin and Tregs, as well as the research progress of irisin in immune-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, type 1 diabetes, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have revealed that irisin plays an important role in immune regulation by improving the function of Tregs, suggesting its potential application value in the treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renshu Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China
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Kastratovic N, Zdravkovic N, Cekerevac I, Sekerus V, Harrell CR, Mladenovic V, Djukic A, Volarevic A, Brankovic M, Gmizic T, Zdravkovic M, Bjekic-Macut J, Zdravkovic N, Djonov V, Volarevic V. Effects of Combustible Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 39057115 PMCID: PMC11276168 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoke derived from combustible cigarettes (CCs) contains numerous harmful chemicals that can impair the viability, proliferation, and activation of immune cells, affecting the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. In order to avoid the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking, many CC users have replaced CCs with heated tobacco products (HTPs). Due to different methods of tobacco processing, CC-sourced smoke and HTP-derived aerosols contain different chemical constituents. With the exception of nicotine, HTP-sourced aerosols contain significantly lower amounts of harmful constituents than CC-derived smoke. Since HTP-dependent effects on immune-cell-driven inflammation are still unknown, herein we used flow cytometry analysis, intracellular staining, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the impact of CCs and HTPs on systemic inflammatory response in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both CCs and HTPs significantly modulated cytokine production in circulating immune cells, affecting the systemic inflammatory response in COPD, DM, and UC patients. Compared to CCs, HTPs had weaker capacity to induce the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α), but more efficiently induced the production of immunosuppressive IL-10 and IL-35. Additionally, HTPs significantly enhanced the synthesis of pro-fibrotic TGF-β. The continuous use of CCs and HTPs aggravated immune-cell-driven systemic inflammation in COPD and DM patients, but not in UC patients, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of CC-derived smoke and HTP-sourced aerosols are disease-specific, and need to be determined for specific immune-cell-driven inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kastratovic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa Zdravkovic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.D.)
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 30 Zmaj Jovina Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Cekerevac
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.D.)
- Pulmonology Clinic, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 30 Zmaj Jovina Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vanesa Sekerus
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, 4 Institutski Put, 21204 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 3 Hajduk Veljkova Street, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Carl Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USA;
| | - Violeta Mladenovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.D.)
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 30 Zmaj Jovina Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djukic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.M.); (A.D.)
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 30 Zmaj Jovina Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana Volarevic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Brankovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center “Bežanijska Kosa”, Dr Zoza Matea bb, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (T.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana Gmizic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center “Bežanijska Kosa”, Dr Zoza Matea bb, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (T.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center “Bežanijska Kosa”, Dr Zoza Matea bb, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekic-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center “Bežanijska Kosa”, Dr Zoza Matea bb, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nebojsa Zdravkovic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.K.); (N.Z.); (I.C.); (A.V.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Cordone V. Biochemical and molecular determinants of the subclinical inflammatory mechanisms in Rett syndrome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110046. [PMID: 38815782 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
To date, Rett syndrome (RTT), a genetic disorder mainly caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, is increasingly considered a broad-spectrum pathology, instead of just a neurodevelopmental disease, due to the multitude of peripheral co-morbidities and the compromised metabolic pathways, affecting the patients. The altered molecular processes include an impaired mitochondrial function, a perturbed redox homeostasis, a chronic subclinical inflammation and an improper cholesterol metabolism. The persistent subclinical inflammatory condition was first defined ten years ago, as a previously unrecognized feature of RTT, playing a role in the pathology progress and modulation of phenotypical severity. In light of this, the present work aims at reviewing the current knowledge on the chronic inflammatory status and the altered immune/inflammatory functions in RTT, as well as investigating the emerging mechanisms underlying this condition with a special focus on the latest findings about inflammasome system, autoimmunity responses and intestinal micro- and mycobiota. On these bases, although further research is needed, future therapeutic strategies able to re-establish an adequate immune/inflammatory response could represent potential approaches for RTT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cordone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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5
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Yi S, Lee JH, Cho H, Vaithegi K, Yi D, Noh S, Park SB. Unveiled reactivity of masked diformylmethane with enamines forming resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding leads to di-meta-substituted pyridines. Commun Chem 2024; 7:146. [PMID: 38942965 PMCID: PMC11213866 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyridine, an essential structure in drug development, shows a wide array of bioactivities according to its substitution patterns. Among the bioactive pyridines, meta-substituted pyridines suffer from limited synthetic approaches despite their significance. In this study, we present a condensation-based synthetic method enabling the facile incorporation of biologically relevant functional groups at the meta position of pyridine. This methodology unveiled the concealed reactivity of 3-formyl(aza)indoles as diformylmethane analogs for synthesizing dissymmetric di-meta-substituted pyridines without ortho and para substitutions. Furthermore, we uncovered resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB) as the requirement for the in situ generation of enamines, the key intermediates of this transformation. Successful development of the designed methodology linked to wide applications-core remodeling of natural products, drug-natural product conjugation, late-stage functionalization of drug molecules, and synthesis of the regioisomeric CZC24832. Furthermore, we discovered anti-inflammatory agents through the functional evaluation of synthesized bi-heteroaryl analogs, signifying the utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyeong Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kannan Vaithegi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawon Yi
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sijun Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Chota A, Abrahamse H, George BP. Green synthesis and characterization of AgNPs, liposomal loaded AgNPs and ZnPcS 4 photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104252. [PMID: 38901719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology despite significant advancements in treatment modalities. Conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy have been the mainstay in managing breast cancer for decades. However, a subset of patient's experiences treatment failure, leading to disease recurrence and progression. Therefore, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an African medicinal plant (Dicoma anomala methanol root extract) as a reducing agent for combating breast cancer. AgNPs were synthesized using the bottom-up approach and later modified with liposomes (Lip) loaded with photosensitizer (PS) zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (Lip@ZnPcS4) using thin film hydration method. The successful formation and Lip modification of AgNPs, alongside ZnPcS4, were confirmed through various analytical techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Following a 24 h treatment period, MCF-7 cells were assessed for viability using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT viability assay), cell death analysis using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (ΔΨm), Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) kit, and caspase- 3, 8 and 9 activities. The experiments were repeated four times (n = 4), and the results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 27, with a confidence interval set at 0.95. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomplex, including AgNPs, AgNPs-Lip, Lip@ZnPcS4, and AgNPs-Lip@ZnPcS4, exhibited notable cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Notably, the induction of apoptosis, governed by the upregulation of apoptotic proteins i.e., caspase 8 and 9 activities. In addition, caspase 3 was not expressed by MCF-7 cells in both control and experimental groups. Given the challenging prognosis associated with breast cancer, the findings underscore the promise of liposomal nanoformulations in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), thus warranting further exploration in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chota
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. The role of bilirubin as a biomarker of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369284. [PMID: 38947324 PMCID: PMC11211262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel, yet easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress might assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the circulating concentrations of bilirubin, the end product of heme metabolism and a potent endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with RDs and healthy controls. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 31 December 2023 for relevant articles. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 17 eligible studies, all with low risk of bias, compared to controls, patients with RDs had significantly lower concentrations of total bilirubin (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.68, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.44, p<0.001; I2 = 92.5%, p<0.001; low certainty of evidence), direct (conjugated) bilirubin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.41, p<0.001; I2 = 81.7%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence), and the active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory indirect (unconjugated) form of bilirubin (SMD=-0.71, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.24, p=0.003; I2 = 95.1%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence). The results of the meta-analysis were stable in sensitivity analysis. In meta-regression, there were no significant associations between the SMD of total bilirubin and several clinical and demographic characteristics, including age, male to female ratio, number of participants, liver enzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In subgroup analysis, the SMD of total bilirubin was significant across a range of RDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and myositis. Therefore, the results of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the reductions in bilirubin concentrations observed in patients with RDs reflect a state of impaired antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence due to bilirubin consumption and highlight the promising role of this endogenous product as a biomarker of RDs. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023500649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Neamțu M, Bild V, Vasincu A, Arcan OD, Bulea D, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Macadan I, Sciucă AM, Neamțu A. Inflammasome Molecular Insights in Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3502-3532. [PMID: 38666950 PMCID: PMC11048795 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) emerge due to an irregular immune response towards self- and non-self-antigens. Inflammation commonly accompanies these conditions, with inflammatory factors and inflammasomes playing pivotal roles in their progression. Key concepts in molecular biology, inflammation, and molecular mimicry are crucial to understanding AID development. Exposure to foreign antigens can cause inflammation, potentially leading to AIDs through molecular mimicry triggered by cross-reactive epitopes. Molecular mimicry emerges as a key mechanism by which infectious or chemical agents trigger autoimmunity. In certain susceptible individuals, autoreactive T or B cells may be activated by a foreign antigen due to resemblances between foreign and self-peptides. Chronic inflammation, typically driven by abnormal immune responses, is strongly associated with AID pathogenesis. Inflammasomes, which are vital cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to infections and stress, are crucial to activating inflammatory processes in macrophages. Chronic inflammation, characterized by prolonged tissue injury and repair cycles, can significantly damage tissues, thereby increasing the risk of AIDs. Inhibiting inflammasomes, particularly in autoinflammatory disorders, has garnered significant interest, with pharmaceutical advancements targeting cytokines and inflammasomes showing promise in AID management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neamțu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Oana Dana Arcan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Delia Bulea
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Maria Sciucă
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Neamțu
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Hernandez-Suarez L, Diez-Martin E, Egiguren-Ortiz J, Fernandez R, Etxebarria A, Astigarraga E, Miguelez C, Ramirez-Garcia A, Barreda-Gómez G. Serological Antibodies against Kidney, Liver, and Spleen Membrane Antigens as Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Immune Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2025. [PMID: 38396703 PMCID: PMC10888476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune disorders arise from complex genetic and environmental factors, which lead to dysregulation at the cellular and inflammatory levels and cause tissue damage. Recent research highlights the crucial role of reactive antibodies in autoimmune diseases and graft rejection, but their complex determination poses challenges for clinical use. Therefore, our study aimed to ascertain whether the presence of reactive antibodies against membrane antigens in tissues from both animal models and humans could serve as biomarkers in patients with autoimmune disorders. To address this issue, we examined the binding profile of serological antibodies against a diverse panel of cell membranes from the spleen, liver, and kidney tissues of monkeys, rats, and humans. After developing the cell membrane microarrays, human sera were immunologically assayed. The study was first conducted on sera from two groups, healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and then optimized for kidney transplant patient sera. A significant increase in antibody reactivity against specific monkey kidney and spleen membranes was observed in the serum of patients with lupus nephritis, while kidney transplant patients showed a significant enhancement against human tissues and human embryonic kidney 293 cells. These results show the potential importance for clinical and basic research purposes of studying the presence of specific IgG against membrane antigens in patients' serum as potential biomarkers of immune disorders. However, it is important to note that these results need to be verified in further studies with a larger sample size to confirm their relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidi Hernandez-Suarez
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Eguzkiñe Diez-Martin
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - June Egiguren-Ortiz
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Roberto Fernandez
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Aitor Etxebarria
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48940 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (L.H.-S.); (E.D.-M.); (J.E.-O.); (R.F.); (A.E.); (E.A.)
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Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. The diagnostic role of the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38285324 PMCID: PMC10824868 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification of novel, easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation might enhance the diagnosis and management of immunological diseases (IDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate an emerging biomarker derived from the full blood count, the systemic inflammation index (SII), in patients with IDs and healthy controls. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to 12 December 2023 for relevant articles and evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 16 eligible studies, patients with IDs had a significantly higher SII when compared to controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.41, p < 0.001; I2 = 96.2%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.88). In subgroup analysis, the effect size was significant across different types of ID, barring systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.20). In further analyses, the SII was significantly higher in ID patients with active disease vs. those in remission (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI 0.34-1.27, p < 0.001; I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.78). Our study suggests that the SII can effectively discriminate between subjects with and without IDs and between ID patients with and without active disease. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether the SII can enhance the diagnosis of IDs in routine practice. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023493142).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford ParkAdelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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