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Hou W, Watson C, Cecconie T, Bolaki MN, Brady JJ, Lu Q, Gatto GJ, Day TA. Biochemical and functional characterization of the p.A165T missense variant of mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107353. [PMID: 38723751 PMCID: PMC11190489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a missense variant p.A165T in mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1 (mARC1) that is strongly associated with protection from all-cause cirrhosis and improved prognosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The precise mechanism of this protective effect is unknown. Substitution of alanine 165 with threonine is predicted to affect mARC1 protein stability and to have deleterious effects on its function. To investigate the mechanism, we have generated a knock-in mutant mARC1 A165T and a catalytically dead mutant C273A (as a control) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, enabling characterization of protein subcellular distribution, stability, and biochemical functions of the mARC1 mutant protein expressed from its endogenous locus. Compared to WT mARC1, we found that the A165T mutant exhibits significant mislocalization outside of its traditional location anchored in the mitochondrial outer membrane and reduces protein stability, resulting in lower basal levels. We evaluated the involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system in mARC1 A165T degradation and observed increased ubiquitination and faster degradation of the A165T variant. In addition, we have shown that HepG2 cells carrying the MTARC1 p.A165T variant exhibit lower N-reductive activity on exogenously added amidoxime substrates in vitro. The data from these biochemical and functional assays suggest a mechanism by which the MTARC1 p.A165T variant abrogates enzyme function which may contribute to its protective effect in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangfang Hou
- Respiratory and Immunology Biology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian Watson
- Respiratory and Immunology Biology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ted Cecconie
- MEDDesign-NCE-MD SPMB US, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Quinn Lu
- Respiratory and Immunology Biology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory J Gatto
- Respiratory and Immunology Biology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Tovah A Day
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vaglio-Garro A, Kozlov AV, Smirnova YD, Weidinger A. Pathological Interplay between Inflammation and Mitochondria Aggravates Glutamate Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2276. [PMID: 38396952 PMCID: PMC10889519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate toxicity are associated with neural disorders, including brain trauma. A review of the literature suggests that toxic and transmission actions of neuronal glutamate are spatially and functionally separated. The transmission pathway utilizes synaptic GluN2A receptors, rapidly released pool of glutamate, evoked release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 1 and the amount of extracellular glutamate regulated by astrocytes. The toxic pathway utilizes extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors and a cytoplasmic pool of glutamate, which results from the spontaneous release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 7 and the neuronal 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme. Additionally, the inhibition of OGDHC observed upon neuro-inflammation is due to an excessive release of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species by immune cells. The loss of OGDHC inhibits uptake of glutamate by mitochondria, thus facilitating its extracellular accumulation and stimulating toxic glutamate pathway without affecting transmission. High levels of extracellular glutamate lead to dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis and cause ferroptosis, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter affects the transmission pathway demanding high-energy supply and leading to cell death. Mitochondria aggravate glutamate toxicity due to impairments in the TCA cycle and become a victim of glutamate toxicity, which disrupts oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, therapies targeting the TCA cycle in neurological disorders may be more efficient than attempting to preserve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vaglio-Garro
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuliya D. Smirnova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Lorente L, Gómez-Bernal F, Martín M, Navarro-Gonzálvez J, Argueso M, Perez A, Ramos-Gómez L, Solé-Violán J, Marcos y Ramos J, Ojeda N, Jiménez A. High serum nitrates levels in non-survivor COVID-19 patients. MEDICINA INTENSIVA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 46:132-139. [PMID: 35221002 PMCID: PMC8867537 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Higher blood nitrate and nitrite levels have been found in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients than in healthy subjects. The present study explores the potential association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Design A prospective observation study was carried out. Setting Eight Intensive Care Units (ICUs) from 6 hospitals in the Canary Islands (Spain). Patients COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Interventions Determination of serum nitrate levels at ICU admission. Main variable of interest Mortality at 30 days. Results Non-surviving (n = 11) compared to surviving patients (n = 42) showed higher APACHE-II (p < 0.001) and SOFA scores (p = 0.004), and higher serum nitrate levels (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed serum nitrate levels to be associated to 30-day mortality after controlling for SOFA (OR = 1.021; 95%CI = 1.006–1.036; p = 0.01) or APACHE-II (OR = 1.023; 95%CI = 1.006–1.041; p = 0.01). There were no differences in the area under the curve (AUC) for mortality prediction by serum nitrate levels (AUC = 83%; 95%CI = 73–92%; p < 0.001), APACHE II (AUC = 85%; 95%CI = 75–96%; p < 0.001) and SOFA (AUC = 78%; 95%CI = 63–92%; p = 0.005) based on the DeLong method. The Kaplan–Meier analysis found patients with serum nitrates levels > 68.4 μmol/l to have a higher mortality rate (hazard ratio = 138.8; 95%CI = 22.3–863.9; p < 0.001). Conclusions The main novel finding was the association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients controlling for the SOFA or APACHE-II scores, though larger studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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Oxidative Stress in ICU Patients: ROS as Mortality Long-Term Predictor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121912. [PMID: 34943015 PMCID: PMC8750443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and mutations in mitochondrial DNA generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are involved in cell death and inflammatory response syndrome. ROS can also act as a signal in the intracellular pathways involved in normal cell growth and homeostasis, as well as in response to metabolic adaptations, autophagy, immunity, differentiation and cell aging, the latter of which is an important characteristic in acute and chronic pathologies. Thus, the measurement of ROS levels of critically ill patients, upon admission, enables a prediction not only of the severity of the inflammatory response, but also of its subsequent potential outcome. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of mitochondrial ROS (superoxide anion) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes within 24 h of admission and correlate them with survival at one year after ICU and hospital discharge. We designed an observational prospective study in 51 critical care patients, in which clinical variables and ROS production were identified and correlated with mortality at 12 months post-ICU hospitalization. Oxidative stress levels, measured as DHE fluorescence, show a positive correlation with increased long-term mortality. In ICU patients the major determinant of survival is oxidative stress, which determines inflammation and outlines the cellular response to inflammatory stimuli.
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Lorente L, Gómez-Bernal F, Martín MM, Navarro-Gonzálvez JA, Argueso M, Perez A, Ramos-Gómez L, Solé-Violán J, Marcos Y Ramos JA, Ojeda N, Jiménez A. High serum nitrates levels in non-survivor COVID-19 patients. Med Intensiva 2020; 46:S0210-5691(20)30336-3. [PMID: 33293102 PMCID: PMC7654288 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher blood nitrate and nitrite levels have been found in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients than in healthy subjects. The present study explores the potential association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients. DESIGN A prospective observation study was carried out. SETTING Eight Intensive Care Units (ICUs) from 6 hospitals in the Canary Islands (Spain). PATIENTS COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS Determination of serum nitrate levels at ICU admission. MAIN VARIABLE OF INTEREST Mortality at 30 days. RESULTS Non-surviving (n=11) compared to surviving patients (n=42) showed higher APACHE-II (p<0.001) and SOFA scores (p=0.004), and higher serum nitrate levels (p=0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed serum nitrate levels to be associated to 30-day mortality after controlling for SOFA (OR=1.021; 95%CI=1.006-1.036; p=0.01) or APACHE-II (OR=1.023; 95%CI=1.006-1.041; p=0.01). There were no differences in the area under the curve (AUC) for mortality prediction by serum nitrate levels (AUC=83%; 95%CI=73-92%; p<0.001), APACHE II (AUC=85%; 95%CI=75-96%; p<0.001) and SOFA (AUC=78%; 95%CI=63-92%; p=0.005) based on the DeLong method. The Kaplan-Meier analysis found patients with serum nitrates levels>68.4μmol/l to have a higher mortality rate (hazard ratio=138.8; 95%CI=22.3-863.9; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The main novel finding was the association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients controlling for the SOFA or APACHE-II scores, though larger studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - F Gómez-Bernal
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J A Navarro-Gonzálvez
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Perez
- Internal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Ramos-Gómez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Breña Alta, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A Marcos Y Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Doctor José Molina Orosa, Arrecife, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - N Ojeda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Saleh J, Peyssonnaux C, Singh KK, Edeas M. Mitochondria and microbiota dysfunction in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:1-7. [PMID: 32574708 PMCID: PMC7837003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the hub of cellular oxidative homeostasis. Mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular mitochondria are found in blood, in circulating platelets and vesicles. COVID-19 pathogenesis is aggravated by the hyper- inflammatory state. Inflammation activates events leading to microbiota & mitochondrial oxidative damage. Mitochondrial damage contributes to coagulopathy, ferroptosis & microbial dysbiosis. Blood & platelet mitochondria dysfunction may accelerate systemic coagulopathy events. Targeting mitochondria dysfunction may provide useful therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 pathogenesis.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has taken the world by surprise into a major crisis of overwhelming morbidity and mortality. This highly infectious disease is associated with respiratory failure unusual in other coronavirus infections. Mounting evidence link the accelerated progression of the disease in COVID-19 patients to the hyper-inflammatory state termed as the “cytokine storm” involving major systemic perturbations. These include iron dysregulation manifested as hyperferritinemia associated with disease severity. Iron dysregulation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promotes oxidative stress. The mitochondria are the hub of cellular oxidative homeostasis. In addition, the mitochondria may circulate “cell-free” in non-nucleated platelets, in extracellular vesicles and mitochondrial DNA is found in the extracellular space. The heightened inflammatory/oxidative state may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction leading to platelet damage and apoptosis. The interaction of dysfunctional platelets with coagulation cascades aggravates clotting events and thrombus formation. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative stress may contribute to microbiota dysbiosis, altering coagulation pathways and fueling the inflammatory/oxidative response leading to the vicious cycle of events. Here, we discuss various cellular and systemic incidents caused by SARS-CoV-2 that may critically impact intra and extracellular mitochondrial function, and contribute to the progression and severity of the disease. It is crucial to understand how these key modulators impact COVID-19 pathogenesis in the quest to identify novel therapeutic targets that may reduce fatal outcomes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Faculté de médecine Cochin-Port Royal, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Integrated Center for Aging Research, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marvin Edeas
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Faculté de médecine Cochin-Port Royal, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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7
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Porshneva K, Papiernik D, Psurski M, Łupicka-Słowik A, Matkowski R, Ekiert M, Nowak M, Jarosz J, Banach J, Milczarek M, Goszczyński TM, Sieńczyk M, Wietrzyk J. Temporal inhibition of mouse mammary gland cancer metastasis by CORM-A1 and DETA/NO combination therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:3918-3939. [PMID: 31281522 PMCID: PMC6587338 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are two of the most important vasoprotective mediators. Their downregulation observed during vascular dysfunction, which is associated with cancer progression, leads to uncontrolled platelet activation. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to improve vasoprotection and to decrease platelet activation during progression of mouse mammary gland cancer by concurrent use of CO and NO donors (CORM-A1 and DETA/NO, respectively). Methods: Mice injected intravenously with 4T1-luc2-tdTomato or orthotopically with 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer cells were treated with CORM-A1 and DETA/NO. Ex vivo aggregation and activation of platelets were assessed in the blood of healthy donors and breast cancer patients. Moreover, we analyzed the compounds' direct effect on 4T1 mouse and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells proliferation, adhesion and migration in vitro. Results: We have observed antimetastatic effect of combination therapy, which was only transient in orthotopic model. During early stages of tumor progression concurrent use of CORM-A1 and DETA/NO demonstrated vasoprotective ability (decreased endothelin-1, sICAM and sE-selectin plasma level) and downregulated platelets activation (decreased bound of fibrinogen and vWf to platelets) as well as inhibited EMT process. Combined treatment with CO and NO donors diminished adhesion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibited aggregation as well as TGF-β release from breast cancer patients' platelets ex vivo. However, antimetastatic effect was not observed at a later stage of tumor progression which was accompanied by increased platelets activation and endothelial dysfunction related to a decrease of VASP level. Conclusion: The therapy was shown to have antimetastatic action and resulted in normalization of endothelial metabolism, diminution of platelet activation and inhibition of EMT process. The effect was more prominent during early stages of tumor dissemination. Such treatment could be applied to inhibit metastasis during the first stages of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Porshneva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Papiernik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łupicka-Słowik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Clinical Oncology; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ekiert
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Clinical Oncology; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Goszczyński
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Moreno P, Cazuza RA, Mendes-Gomes J, Díaz AF, Polo S, Leánez S, Leite-Panissi CRA, Pol O. The Effects of Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX and Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) Dimer Treatments and Its Interaction with Nitric Oxide in the Locus Coeruleus of Mice with Peripheral Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092211. [PMID: 31060340 PMCID: PMC6540196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide were shown to normalize oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions induced by neuropathic pain in the central nervous system, but their effects in the locus coeruleus (LC) of animals with peripheral inflammation and their interaction with nitric oxide are unknown. In wild-type (WT) and knockout mice for neuronal (NOS1-KO) or inducible (NOS2-KO) nitric oxide synthases with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), we assessed: (1) antinociceptive actions of cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer; (2) effects of CoPP and tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2), a carbon monoxide-liberating compound, on the expression of HO-1, NOS1, NOS2, CD11b/c, GFAP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the LC. CoPP reduced inflammatory pain in different time-dependent manners in WT and KO mice. Peripheral inflammation activated astroglia in the LC of all genotypes and increased the levels of NOS1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) in WT mice. CoPP and CORM-2 enhanced HO-1 and inhibited astroglial activation in all genotypes. Both treatments blocked NOS1 overexpression, and CoPP normalized ERK 1/2 activation. This study reveals an interaction between HO-1 and NOS1/NOS2 during peripheral inflammation and shows that CoPP and CORM-2 improved HO-1 expression and modulated the inflammatory and/or plasticity changes caused by peripheral inflammation in the LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Alves Cazuza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrés Felipe Díaz
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Polo
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Leánez
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Kohoutová M, Dejmek J, Tůma Z, Kuncová J. Variability of mitochondrial respiration in relation to sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction. Physiol Res 2019; 67:S577-S592. [PMID: 30607965 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample experimental evidence suggests that sepsis could interfere with any mitochondrial function; however, the true role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction is still a matter of controversy. This review is primarily focused on mitochondrial oxygen consumption in various animal models of sepsis in relation to human disease and potential sources of variability in experimental results documenting decrease, increase or no change in mitochondrial respiration in various organs and species. To date, at least three possible explanations of sepsis-associated dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory system and consequently impaired energy production have been suggested: 1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to tissue hypoxia. 2. Mitochondria are challenged by various toxins or mediators of inflammation that impair oxygen utilization (cytopathic hypoxia). 3. Compromised mitochondrial respiration could be an active measure of survival strategy resembling stunning or hibernation. To reveal the true role of mitochondria in sepsis, sources of variability of experimental results based on animal species, models of sepsis, organs studied, or analytical approaches should be identified and minimized by the use of appropriate experimental models resembling human sepsis, wider use of larger animal species in preclinical studies, more detailed mapping of interspecies differences and organ-specific features of oxygen utilization in addition to use of complex and standardized protocols evaluating mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kohoutová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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