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Chehelgerdi M, Heidarnia F, Dehkordi FB, Chehelgerdi M, Khayati S, Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi M, Kabiri-Samani S, Kabiri H. Immunoinformatic prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from cagW in order to investigate protection against Helicobacter pylori infection based on experimental consequences. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 36988775 PMCID: PMC10049908 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of stomach cancer and peptic ulcers. Thus, identifying epitopes in H. pylori antigens is important for disease etiology, immunological surveillance, enhancing early detection tests, and developing optimal epitope-based vaccines. We used immunoinformatic and computational methods to create a potential CagW epitope candidate for H. pylori protection. The cagW gene of H. pylori was amplified and cloned into pcDNA3.1 (+) for injection into the muscles of healthy BALB/c mice to assess the impact of the DNA vaccine on interleukin levels. The results will be compared to a control group of mice that received PBS or cagW-pcDNA3.1 (+) vaccinations. An analysis of CagW protein antigens revealed 8 CTL and 7 HTL epitopes linked with AYY and GPGPG, which were enhanced by adding B-defensins to the N-terminus. The vaccine's immunogenicity, allergenicity, and physiochemistry were validated, and its strong activation of TLRs (1, 2, 3, 4, and 10) suggests it is antigenic. An in-silico cloning and immune response model confirmed the vaccine's expression efficiency and predicted its impact on the immune system. An immunofluorescence experiment showed stable and bioactive cagW gene expression in HDF cells after cloning the whole genome into pcDNA3.1 (+). In vivo vaccination showed that pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-immunized mice had stronger immune responses and a longer plasmid DNA release window than control-plasmid-immunized mice. After that, bioinformatics methods predicted, developed, and validated the three-dimensional structure. Many online services docked it with Toll-like receptors. The vaccine was refined using allergenicity, antigenicity, solubility, physicochemical properties, and molecular docking scores. Virtual-reality immune system simulations showed an impressive reaction. Codon optimization and in-silico cloning produced E. coli-expressed vaccines. This study suggests a CagW epitopes-protected H. pylori infection. These studies show that the proposed immunization may elicit particular immune responses against H. pylori, but laboratory confirmation is needed to verify its safety and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Sina Borna Aria (SABA) Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidarnia
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Sina Borna Aria (SABA) Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Shahoo Khayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Milad Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri-Samani
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Sina Borna Aria (SABA) Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Sina Borna Aria (SABA) Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
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Cortez Nunes F, Teixeira S, Maia RL, Amorim I, Letra Mateus T. Perception and Knowledge of Portuguese Veterinarians about the Zoonotic Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter suis: The Need for One Health Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15087. [PMID: 36429805 PMCID: PMC9690467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter species can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals, and are associated with gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Some studies indicate that animals, health professionals, and people in close contact with animals might be at higher risk for infection with gastric Helicobacter spp. Considering that veterinarians are professionals at risk for infection with zoonotic gastric Helicobacters and are also seen by many as health communicators concerning zoonoses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Portuguese veterinarians' perception and knowledge of Helicobacter spp. infection and its zoonotic risk/potential. Therefore, a structured questionnaire composed of 34 dichotomic, multiple-choice, rating scale, matrix, drop-down, and open-ended questions was developed and given to Portuguese veterinarians via an online platform from May 2021 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was used to obtain results. There was a total of 149 respondents, most of them (73.8%) being females. Evidently, Portuguese veterinarians have a limited perception regarding Helicobacter spp. infections. Of the respondents that "have heard of Helicobacter", 17.6% do not know which animal species can be affected by it. Most of the companion animal veterinarians (76.2%) do not consider Helicobacter spp. infection a differential diagnosis when evaluating animals with gastritis. A significant percentage (37.2%) of the respondents that have "heard of H. suis" do not consider it a zoonotic bacterium. There is a need for education and sensitization of veterinarians regarding the potential zoonotic risk of Helicobacter spp. in order to elucidate these professionals to this One Health issue, as the number of reports of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter in livestock, companion, and wild animals is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cortez Nunes
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Teixeira
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Leandro Maia
- UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CITCEM—Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar «Cultura, Espaço e Memória», Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Via Panorâmica s/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Letra Mateus
- CISAS—Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- EpiUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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3
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Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, Rokkas T, Gisbert JP, Liou JM, Schulz C, Gasbarrini A, Hunt RH, Leja M, O'Morain C, Rugge M, Suerbaum S, Tilg H, Sugano K, El-Omar EM. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327745. [PMID: 35944925 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pyloriInfection is formally recognised as an infectious disease, an entity that is now included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. This in principle leads to the recommendation that all infected patients should receive treatment. In the context of the wide clinical spectrum associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, specific issues persist and require regular updates for optimised management.The identification of distinct clinical scenarios, proper testing and adoption of effective strategies for prevention of gastric cancer and other complications are addressed. H. pylori treatment is challenged by the continuously rising antibiotic resistance and demands for susceptibility testing with consideration of novel molecular technologies and careful selection of first line and rescue therapies. The role of H. pylori and antibiotic therapies and their impact on the gut microbiota are also considered.Progress made in the management of H. pylori infection is covered in the present sixth edition of the Maastricht/Florence 2021 Consensus Report, key aspects related to the clinical role of H. pylori infection were re-evaluated and updated. Forty-one experts from 29 countries representing a global community, examined the new data related to H. pylori infection in five working groups: (1) indications/associations, (2) diagnosis, (3) treatment, (4) prevention/gastric cancer and (5) H. pylori and the gut microbiota. The results of the individual working groups were presented for a final consensus voting that included all participants. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence and relevance to the management of H. pylori infection in various clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Malfertheiner
- Medical Department 2, LMU, Munchen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, LMU, Munchen, Germany
| | - Francis Megraud
- INSERM U853 UMR BaRITOn, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Theodore Rokkas
- Gastroenterology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, European University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medical Department 2, LMU, Munchen, Germany
- Partner Site Munich, DZIF, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Richard H Hunt
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcis Leja
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Colm O'Morain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Partner Site Munich, DZIF, Braunschweig, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU, Munchen, Germany
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kentaro Sugano
- Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Taillieu E, Chiers K, Amorim I, Gärtner F, Maes D, Van Steenkiste C, Haesebrouck F. Gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs: significance for public and animal health. Vet Res 2022; 53:42. [PMID: 35692057 PMCID: PMC9190127 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the pathogenic significance of Helicobacter species naturally colonizing the stomach of dogs, cats and pigs. These gastric "non-Helicobacter (H.) pylori Helicobacter species" (NHPH) are less well-known than the human adapted H. pylori. Helicobacter suis has been associated with gastritis and decreased daily weight gain in pigs. Several studies also attribute a role to this pathogen in the development of hyperkeratosis and ulceration of the non-glandular stratified squamous epithelium of the pars oesophagea of the porcine stomach. The stomach of dogs and cats can be colonized by several Helicobacter species but their pathogenic significance for these animals is probably low. Helicobacter suis as well as several canine and feline gastric Helicobacter species may also infect humans, resulting in gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. These agents may be transmitted to humans most likely through direct or indirect contact with dogs, cats and pigs. Additional possible transmission routes include consumption of water and, for H. suis, also consumption of contaminated pork. It has been described that standard H. pylori eradication therapy is usually also effective to eradicate the NHPH in human patients, although acquired antimicrobial resistance may occasionally occur and porcine H. suis strains are intrinsically less susceptible to aminopenicillins than non-human primate H. suis strains and other gastric Helicobacter species. Virulence factors of H. suis and the canine and feline gastric Helicobacter species include urease activity, motility, chemotaxis, adhesins and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. These NHPH, however, lack orthologs of cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island and vacuolating cytotoxin A, which are major virulence factors in H. pylori. It can be concluded that besides H. pylori, gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs are also clinically relevant in humans. Although recent research has provided better insights regarding pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies, a lot remains to be investigated, including true prevalence rates, exact modes of transmission and molecular pathways underlying disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taillieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Berlamont H, Bruggeman A, Bauwens E, Vandendriessche C, Clarebout E, Xie J, De Bruyckere S, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Ducatelle R, Santens P, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Vandenbroucke RE. Gastric Helicobacter suis Infection Partially Protects against Neurotoxicity in A 6-OHDA Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111328. [PMID: 34768765 PMCID: PMC8582972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains largely unknown, but more and more research suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota. Interestingly, idiopathic PD patients were shown to have at least a 10 times higher prevalence of Helicobacter suis (H. suis) DNA in gastric biopsies compared to control patients. H. suis is a zoonotic Helicobacter species that naturally colonizes the stomach of pigs and non-human primates but can be transmitted to humans. Here, we investigated the influence of a gastric H. suis infection on PD disease progression through a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model. Therefore, mice with either a short- or long-term H. suis infection were stereotactically injected with 6-OHDA in the left striatum and sampled one week later. Remarkably, a reduced loss of dopaminergic neurons was seen in the H. suis/6-OHDA groups compared to the control/6-OHDA groups. Correspondingly, motor function of the H. suis-infected 6-OHDA mice was superior to that in the non-infected 6-OHDA mice. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression levels of antioxidant genes in brain tissue from H. suis-infected 6-OHDA mice, as a potential explanation for the reduced 6-OHDA-induced cell loss. Our data support an unexpected neuroprotective effect of gastric H. suis on PD pathology, mediated through changes in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Berlamont
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Clarebout
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Bruyckere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (S.D.B.); (R.D.); (F.H.)
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (A.B.); (C.V.); (E.C.); (J.X.); (G.V.I.); (E.V.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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Presence of Helicobacter pylori and H. suis DNA in Free-Range Wild Boars. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051269. [PMID: 33925029 PMCID: PMC8146769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Helicobacter pylori and H. suis are associated with gastric pathologies in humans. To obtain better insights into the potential role of wild boars as reservoirs of these pathogens, gastric samples of 14 animals were tested for the presence of H. pylori and H. suis DNA. Two wild boars were found PCR-positive for H. pylori and one for H. suis. This indicates that these microorganisms may colonize the stomach of wild boars. Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the human population worldwide, causing gastric disorders, such as chronic gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and gastric malignancies. Helicobacter suis (H. suis) is mainly associated with pigs, but can also colonize the stomach of humans, resulting in gastric pathologies. In pigs, H. suis can induce gastritis and seems to play a role in gastric ulcer disease, seriously affecting animal production and welfare. Since close interactions between domestic animals, wildlife, and humans can increase bacterial transmission risk between species, samples of gastric tissue of 14 free range wild boars (Sus scrofa) were evaluated for the presence of H. pylori and H. suis using PCR. Samples from the antral gastric mucosa from two animals were PCR-positive for H. pylori and another one for H. suis. These findings indicate that these microorganisms were able to colonize the stomach of wild boars and raise awareness for their putative intervention in Helicobacter spp. transmission cycle.
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7
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Gorlé N, Bauwens E, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter and the Potential Role in Neurological Disorders: There Is More Than Helicobacter pylori. Front Immunol 2021; 11:584165. [PMID: 33633723 PMCID: PMC7901999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of symbiotic microbial cells colonize our body, of which the larger part is present in the human gut. These microbes play an essential role in our health and a shift in the microbiome is linked to several diseases. Recent studies also suggest a link between changes in gut microbiota and neurological disorders. Gut microbiota can communicate with the brain via several routes, together called the microbiome–gut–brain axis: the neuronal route, the endocrine route, the metabolic route and the immunological route. Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria colonizing the stomach, intestine and liver. Several papers show the role of H. pylori in the development and progression of neurological disorders, while hardly anything is known about other Helicobacter species and the brain. We recently reported a high prevalence of H. suis in patients with Parkinson’s disease and showed an effect of a gastric H. suis infection on the mouse brain homeostasis. Here, we discuss the potential role of H. suis in neurological disorders and how it may affect the brain via the microbiome–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
This review covers the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2019 and April 2020 in the field of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). The initial part of the review covers new insights regarding the presence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPH in humans and animals, while the subsequent section focuses on the progress in our understanding of animal models, the pathogenicity and omics of these species. Over the last year, the clinical relevance of gastric NHPH infections in humans was highlighted. With regard to NHPH in animals, the ancestral source of Helicobacter suis was further established showing that Cynomolgus macaques are the common ancestor of the pig-associated H. suis population, and 3 novel Helicobacter species isolated from the gastric mucosa of red foxes were described. "Helicobacter burdigaliensis" sp nov. and "Helicobacter labetoulli" sp nov. were proposed as novel enterohepatic Helicobacter species associated with human digestive diseases. An analysis of Helicobacter cinaedi recurrent infections in humans proposed long-term antibiotic therapies. Several studies using rodent models further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of NHPH-related disease, as well as intestinal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease models. Omics approaches supported Helicobacteraceae taxonomy and unraveled the transcriptomic signatures of H. suis and Helicobacter heilmannii upon adherence to the human gastric epithelium. With regard to virulence, data showed that the nuclear remodeling promoted by cytolethal distending toxin of Helicobacters involves the MAFB oncoprotein and is associated with nucleoplasmic reticulum formation in surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Research Consortium of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armelle Menard
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, UMR1053, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Campylobacters et des Hélicobacters, Bordeaux, France
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Tucker RM, Augustin AD, Hayee BH, Bjarnason I, Taylor D, Weller C, Charlett A, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ. Role of Helicobacters in Neuropsychiatric Disease: A Systematic Review in Idiopathic Parkinsonism. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072159. [PMID: 32650535 PMCID: PMC7408992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in an aetiopathogenic role for Helicobacter in neuropsychiatric diseases started with idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), where the cardinal signs can be assessed objectively. This systematic review, using an EMBASE database search, addresses Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine based questions on the inter-relationship of Helicobacter and IP, the benefits of eradicating Helicobacter in IP and the outcome of not treating. The search strategy was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines: 21 of 204 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the assumption that any benefit of Helicobacter eradication results from improved levodopa bioavailability is unjustified. The inter-relationship between Helicobacter and IP is well-established. H. pylori virulence markers (associated with autoimmunity and immune tolerance) influence the risk, severity and progression of IP. The birth cohort effect for virulence marker antibodies, seen in controls, is obliterated in IP, suggesting causality. Successful H. pylori eradication in IP is disease-modifying (even in anti-parkinsonian treatment-naïve patients) but not preventive. Hypokinesia regresses with eradication and overall motor severity lessens. Eradication may influence gastrointestinal microbiota adversely, unlocking the next stage in the natural history, the development of rigidity. Failed eradication worsens hypokinesia, as does the presence/persistence of H. pylori at molecular level only. Adequate prognostic assessment of the consequences of not treating Helicobacter, for IP, is prevented by a short follow-up. We conclude that Helicobacter is a pathophysiological driver of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind M. Tucker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Aisha D. Augustin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Bu’ Hussain Hayee
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - David Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Clive Weller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
| | - André Charlett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sylvia M Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - R John Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, UK; (R.M.T.); (A.D.A.); (D.T.); (C.W.); (A.C.); (R.J.D.)
- The Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; (B.H.H.); (I.B.)
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Zendehdel A, Roham M. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age-related diseases. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1157. [PMID: 32067423 PMCID: PMC7196471 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent infection worldwide. It affects individuals of different age groups. Elderly people tend to resist eradication treatment and worsening of infection can lead to several gastric and non-gastric pathologies. Aging-associated cellular and molecular alteration can increase the risk of other pathologies such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, respiratory and renal dysfunction, and cancer in geriatric patients, more than other age groups. This review article highlights some of the most common old age diseases and the role of H. pylori infection as a risk factor to worsen the conditions, presented by the molecular evidences of these associations. These studies can help clinicians to understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and identify high-risk patients, aiding clearer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zendehdel
- Department of Geriatric MedicineZiaeian HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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