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Liu Y, Lyu K, Liu S, You J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang D, Bai Y, Yin C, Jiang M, Zheng S. Predictive value of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for chronic kidney disease among adult male and female in Northwest China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:216-226. [PMID: 39027193 PMCID: PMC11252436 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) was associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship in different genders was rarely discussed. The aim of this study was to explore this relationship and assess its predictive power for both males and females. Methods Based on a prospective cohort platform in northwest China, 32,351 participants without CKD were collected in the baseline and followed up for approximately 5 years. Cox proportional hazard model and restricted cubic spline regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between TC, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and CKD in adult female and male. The clinical application value of the indicators in predicting CKD was evaluated by the receiver operator characteristic curve. Results During a mean follow-up of 2.2 years, 484 males and 164 females developed CKD. After adjusted for relevant confounders, for every one standard deviation increase in TC, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CKD were 1.17 (1.05-1.31), 0.84 (0.71-0.99), and 1.15 (1.06-1.25) for males, 0.94 (0.78-1.13), 0.58 (0.35-0.95), and 1.19 (1.01-1.40) for females, respectively. The results also showed that TC, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C were associated with CKD in a linear dose-response relationship. The TC/HDL-C had the largest area under the curve (AUC) compared to TC and HDL-C, and the AUC among the females was larger than that among males. Conclusions The TC/HDL-C was significantly associated with CKD in adult males and females and has better clinical value in predicting CKD than TC and HDL-C, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Kang Lyu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Shaodong Liu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Jinlong You
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Minzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co. Ltd.JinchangGansuChina
| | - Yana Bai
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Chun Yin
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Group Co. Ltd.JinchangGansuChina
| | - Min Jiang
- Wuwei People's HospitalWuweiGansuChina
| | - Shan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and StatisticsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
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2
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Kounatidis D, Vallianou NG, Stratigou T, Voukali M, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Kidney in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y. [PMID: 39141201 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain a public health issue, we aim to elaborate on their complex relationship regarding pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic potential as well. The purpose of this review is to enhance our understanding of the interplay between obesity and CKD in order to timely diagnose and treat obesity-related CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and CKD pose significant intertwined challenges to global health, affecting a substantial portion of the population worldwide. Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor, intricately contributing to CKD pathogenesis through mechanisms such as lipotoxicity, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Recent evidence highlights additional factors including hemodynamic changes and intestinal dysbiosis that exacerbate kidney dysfunction in obese individuals, leading to histologic alterations known as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic strategies of obesity-related kidney disease. Furthermore, it explores mechanistic insights to delineate current therapeutic approaches, future directions for managing this condition and controversies. By elucidating the multifaceted interactions between obesity and kidney health, this review aims to inform clinical practice and stimulate further research to address this global health epidemic effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, European and National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Disorders, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Voukali
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
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3
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Lin L, Pan X, Feng Y, Yang J. Chronic kidney disease combined with metabolic syndrome is a non-negligible risk factor. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241252309. [PMID: 39071115 PMCID: PMC11273817 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241252309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of conditions characterized by hypertension (HTN), hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidaemia, and abdominal obesity. MetS is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality and is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS can cause CKD or accelerate the progression of kidney disease. Recent studies have found that MetS and kidney disease have a cause-and-effect relationship. Patients with CKD, those undergoing kidney transplantation, or kidney donors have a significantly higher risk of developing MetS than normal people. The present study reviewed the possible mechanisms of MetS in patients with CKD, including the disorders of glucose and fat metabolism after kidney injury, IR, HTN and the administration of glucocorticoid and calcineurin inhibitors. In addition, this study reviewed the effect of MetS in patients with CKD on important target organs such as the kidney, heart, brain and blood vessels, and the treatment and prevention of CKD combined with MetS. The study aims to provide strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Kaizhou District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjun Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Aerospace Hospital, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing 401120, China
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4
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Hou Y, Zhu L, Ye X, Ke Q, Zhang Q, Xie X, Piao JG, Wei Y. Integrated oral microgel system ameliorates renal fibrosis by hitchhiking co-delivery and targeted gut flora modulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:305. [PMID: 38822364 PMCID: PMC11143587 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a progressive process associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to impaired kidney function. Active constituents in traditional Chinese herbs, such as emodin (EMO) and asiatic acid (AA), exhibit potent anti-fibrotic properties. However, the oral administration of EMO and AA results in low bioavailability and limited kidney accumulation. Additionally, while oral probiotics have been accepted for CKD treatment through gut microbiota modulation, a significant challenge lies in ensuring their viability upon administration. Therefore, our study aims to address both renal fibrosis and gut microbiota imbalance through innovative co-delivery strategies. RESULTS In this study, we developed yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs) encapsulating EMO and AA self-assembled nanoparticles (NPYs) and embedded them, along with Lactobacillus casei Zhang, in chitosan/sodium alginate (CS/SA) microgels. The developed microgels showed significant controlled release properties for the loaded NPYs and prolonged the retention time of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) in the intestine. Furthermore, in vivo biodistribution showed that the microgel-carried NPYs significantly accumulated in the obstructed kidneys of rats, thereby substantially increasing the accumulation of EMO and AA in the impaired kidneys. More importantly, through hitchhiking delivery based on yeast cell wall and positive modulation of gut microbiota, our microgels with this synergistic strategy of therapeutic and modulatory interactions could regulate the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and thus effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work provides a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis based on hitchhiking co-delivery of nanodrugs and probiotics to achieve synergistic effects of disease treatment and targeted gut flora modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qiaoying Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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5
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Hao M, Lv Y, Liu S, Guo W. The New Challenge of Obesity - Obesity-Associated Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1957-1971. [PMID: 38737387 PMCID: PMC11086398 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s433649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become one of the major diseases that affect human health and consume human health resources, especially when it causes comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Many studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease and can exacerbate the progression of end-stage renal disease. This review described the mechanisms associated with the development of obesity-associated nephropathy and the current relevant therapeutic modalities, with the aim of finding new therapeutic targets for obesity-associated nephropathy. The mechanisms of obesity-induced renal injury include, in addition to the traditional alterations in renal hemodynamics, the involvement of various mechanisms such as macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, alterations in adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and ectopic deposition of lipids. At present, there is no "point-to-point" treatment for obesity-induced kidney injury. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and bariatric surgery described in this review can reduce urinary protein to varying degrees and delay the progression of kidney disease. In addition, recent studies on the therapeutic effects of intestinal flora on obesity may reduce the incidence of obesity-related kidney disease from the perspective of primary prevention. Both of these interventions have their own advantages and disadvantages, so the continuous search for the mechanism of obesity-induced related kidney disease will be extremely helpful for the future treatment of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Schwartz P, Capotondo MM, Quaintenne M, Musso-Enz GM, Aroca-Martinez G, Musso CG. Obesity and glomerular filtration rate. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1663-1668. [PMID: 37947985 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has received considerable attention in general medicine and nephrology over the last few years. This condition increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are the main risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney damage caused by obesity can be explained by many mechanisms, such as sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems activation, mechanical stress, hormonal unbalance, as well as inflammatory cytokines production. Even though creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations in obese individuals have been validated (Salazar-Corcoran and CKD-MCQ), changes in body weight after bariatric surgery (BS) leads to changes in creatininemia, affecting its reliability. Thus, an average between creatine and cystatin-based GFR equations would be more appropriate in this setting. Bariatric surgery can reverse diabetes mellitus and improve hypertension, which are the main causes of CKD. Conclusion: GFR can be affected by obesity and BS, and its value should be cautiously evaluated in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Schwartz
- Internal Medicine Division. Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria M Capotondo
- Internal Medicine Division. Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miranda Quaintenne
- Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido M Musso-Enz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos G Musso
- Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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7
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Eritja À, Caus M, Belmonte T, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, García-Carrasco A, Martinez A, Martínez M, Bozic M. microRNA Expression Profile in Obesity-Induced Kidney Disease Driven by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:691. [PMID: 38474819 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease; however, the precise molecular mechanisms leading to the onset of kidney injury and dysfunction in obesity-associated nephropathy remain unclear. The present study aimed to unveil the kidney microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in a model of obesity-induced kidney disease in C57BL/6J mice using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity led to notable structural alterations in tubular and glomerular regions of the kidney, increased renal expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, as well as an elevated renal expression of genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. The miRNA sequencing analysis identified a set of nine miRNAs differentially expressed in the kidney upon HFD feeding, with miR-5099, miR-551b-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-146a-3p and miR-21a-3p showing the most significant differential expression between standard diet (STD) and HFD mice. A validation analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-5099, miR-551b-3p and miR-146a-3p were consistent with NGS results, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed that these three validated miRNAs modulated target genes involved in metabolic and adipocytokine pathways, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory, senescence and profibrotic pathways. Our results suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs play pivotal roles in the intricate pathophysiology of obesity-associated kidney disease and could potentially create novel treatment strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of obesity on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maite Caus
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Thalia Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Carrasco
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martínez
- Biostatistics Unit (Biostat), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain
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8
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Gong X, Zeng X, Fu P. Association Between Weight Change During Adulthood and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from a National Survey 2011-2018. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3817-3826. [PMID: 38028993 PMCID: PMC10680485 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s435886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between weight change patterns and the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although obesity is recognized as a predisposing factor for CKD, the dynamics of weight fluctuation and its impact on CKD development are not well-defined. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011 to 2018, we sought to elucidate the association between weight trajectories and CKD risk. Patients and Methods We included participants aged ≥40 years, employing body mass index (BMI) measurements at three life stages-baseline, age 25, and a decade preceding baseline-to categorize weight change patterns. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association of these patterns with CKD onset, adjusting for potential confounders. Results The study encompassed 12,284 participants, with 2893 individuals diagnosed with CKD. Transitioning from normal weight to obesity and staying obese throughout adulthood were found to increase the risk of developing CKD. These associations remained consistent after adjusting for covariates but were statistically insignificant after adjusting for comorbidities. Notably, individuals transitioning from obesity to normal weight from age 25 to baseline and from 10 years before baseline to baseline demonstrated significant correlations with CKD but not between age 25 and 10 years before baseline. Conclusion Obesity, weight gain throughout adulthood, and weight loss in middle-to-late adulthood are associated with an increased risk of CKD. This emphasizes the importance of long-term weight change patterns and maintaining a healthy weight throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Gong
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Song D, Zhang A, Hu X, Zeng M, Zhou H. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction protects against early obesity-related glomerulopathy by improving renal bile acid composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154861. [PMID: 37167823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and may directly lead to kidney lesions such as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) which might play a vital pathogenic role in obese patients with CKD. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction (WSHT) has been clinically used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases for years. However, the renoprotective effects and potential mechanism of action of WSHT against ORG remain unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the potential effect of WSHT on ORG and reveal its mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. METHODS An animal model of early stage ORG was established using HFD-induced obese rats. After treatment with WSHT for 6 weeks, an integrated metabolomics and molecular biology strategy was utilized to illustrate the effects and mechanism of WSHT on ORG. First, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics was used to analyze renal bile acid (BA) levels. Biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescence assays; electron microscopy; and western blotting were performed to evaluate the efficacy of WSHT against ORG and its underlying mechanisms in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that an HFD led to hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, renal lipid deposition, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and increased expression of proinflammatory factors and profibrotic growth factors in ORG rats. In addition, an HFD decreased the levels of renal BAs such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. After 6 weeks of treatment, WSHT markedly attenuated dyslipidemia and reduced body, kidney and epididymal fat weights in ORG rats. WSHT also significantly increased BA levels, suggesting that it altered BA composition; the effects of BAs are closely associated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation. WSHT alleviated fat accumulation, podocyte loss and proteinuria, and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic growth factors in the kidneys of ORG rats. Finally, WSHT remarkably upregulated the renal expression of FXR and salt-induced kinase 1 and blocked the renal expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes. CONCLUSION WSHT attenuated early renal lesions in ORG rats by improving renal BA composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study develops a new way to alleviate obesity-induced renal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - MingXing Zeng
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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10
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Cotton C, Alton P, Hughes DM, Zhao SS. Genetic liability to gastro-esophageal reflux disease, obesity, and risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Investig 2023; 61:335-338. [PMID: 36933281 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been associated with a greater risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in observational studies, but results are limited by confounding. We used multivariable Mendelian randomization to examine their causal relationship, adjusting for BMI. METHODS We selected genetic instruments for GORD from genome-wide association studies of 80,265 cases and 305,011 controls. Genetic association data for IPF were obtained from 2668 cases and 8591 controls, and BMI from 694,649 individuals. We used the inverse-variance weighted method and a series of sensitivity analyses including weak instrument robust methods. RESULTS Although genetic liability to GORD increased IPF risk (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.10-2.25), this result was attenuated to include the null after adjusting for BMI (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.85-1.52). CONCLUSION Intervention for GORD alone is unlikely to reduce the risk of IPF, whereas reducing obesity may be a better approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cotton
- Department of Rheumatology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip Alton
- Accident and Emergency Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - David M Hughes
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sizheng Steven Zhao
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Ren L, Cui H, Wang Y, Ju F, Cai Y, Gang X, Wang G. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114465. [PMID: 36870280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is the dysregulation of the lipid environment and/or intracellular composition that leads to accumulation of harmful lipids and ultimately to organelle dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways, chronic inflammation and cell death. It plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related glomerulopathy, age-related kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, and the like. However, the mechanisms of lipid overload and kidney injury remain poorly understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of lipotoxic kidney injury. First, we analyzed the mechanism of lipid accumulation in the kidney. Accumulating data indicate that the mechanisms of lipid overload in different kidney diseases are inconsistent. Second, we summarize the multiple mechanisms by which lipotoxic species affect the kidney cell behavior, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated autophagy, and inflammation, highlighting the central role of oxidative stress. Blocking the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation in the kidney and the damage of the kidney by lipid overload may be potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and antioxidant drugs may play a pivotal role in the treatment of kidney disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuci District People's Hospital, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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Liu Y, Guan X, Shao Y, Zhou J, Huang Y. The Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:52. [PMID: 39077418 PMCID: PMC11273121 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2402052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 3 (CRS3) is defined as acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced acute cardiac dysfunction, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. CRS3 often occurs in elderly patients with AKI who need intensive care. Approximately 70% of AKI patients develop into CRS3. CRS3 may also progress towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is currently no effective treatment. Although the major intermediate factors that can mediate cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, recent studies have summarized the AKI biomarkers, identified direct mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), inflammasome, as well as indirect mechanisms such as fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, acidemia and uremic toxins, which are involved in the pathophysiological changes of CRS3. This study reviews the main pathological characteristics, underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies of CRS3. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory factors have been identified as the key initiators and abnormal links between the impaired heart and kidney, which contribute to the formation of a vicious circle, ultimately accelerating the progression of CRS3. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidants, Klotho, melatonin, gene therapy, stem cells, exosomes, nanodrugs, intestinal microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine may serve as promising therapeutic approaches against CRS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Medical Division, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
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Kataoka H, Nitta K, Hoshino J. Visceral fat and attribute-based medicine in chronic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1097596. [PMID: 36843595 PMCID: PMC9947142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1097596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue plays a central role in obesity and metabolic syndrome and is an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Increased visceral adipose tissue promotes adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance, leading to several health issues, including systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Moreover, an increase in adipose tissue directly and indirectly affects the kidneys by increasing renal sodium reabsorption, causing glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy, which leads to increased proteinuria and kidney fibrosis/dysfunction. Although the interest in the adverse effects of obesity on renal diseases has grown exponentially in recent years, the relationship between obesity and renal prognosis remains controversial. This may be attributed to the long clinical course of obesity, numerous obesity-related metabolic complications, and patients' attributes. Multiple individual attributes influencing the pathophysiology of fat accumulation make it difficult to understand obesity. In such cases, it may be effective to elucidate the pathophysiology by conducting research tailored to individual attributes from the perspective of attribute-based medicine/personalized medicine. We consider the appropriate use of clinical indicators necessary, according to attributes such as chronic kidney disease stage, level of visceral adipose tissue accumulation, age, and sex. Selecting treatments and clinical indicators based on individual attributes will allow for advancements in the clinical management of patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease. In the clinical setting of obesity-related nephropathy, it is first necessary to accumulate attribute-based studies resulting from the accurate evaluation of visceral fat accumulation to establish evidence for promoting personalized medicine.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades, which has been a major health problem. Since 1975, the number of people with obesity worldwide has nearly tripled. An increasing number of studies find obesity as a driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and the mechanisms are complex and include hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Obesity-related kidney disease is characterized by glomerulomegaly, which is often accompanied by localized and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. In these patients, the early symptoms are atypical, with microproteinuria being the main clinical manifestation and nephrotic syndrome being rare. Weight loss and RAAS blockers have a protective effect on obesity-related CKD, but even so, a significant proportion of patients eventually progress to end-stage renal disease despite treatment. Thus, it is critical to comprehend the mechanisms underlying obesity-related CKD to create new tactics for slowing or stopping disease progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms of obesity-related kidney disease, its pathological changes, and future perspectives on its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmiao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyue Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhua Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Weingarten N, Iyengar A, Herbst DA, Helmers M, Rekhtman D, Song C, Kim ST, Atluri P. Heart-kidney transplant versus heart transplant in the obese: a propensity-matched analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY 2022; 63:6935784. [PMID: 36534819 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The decision to perform simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (HKT) rather than isolated heart transplant (IHT) for patients with advanced kidney disease is challenging. Limited data exist to guide this decision in obese patients. We sought to compare mortality after HKT and IHT in obese patients with non-dialysis-dependent kidney disease. METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing was queried for data on adult heart transplant recipients from 2000 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were obesity, estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and no pretransplant dialysis. HKT and IHT recipients were propensity matched. Morbidity was compared using chi-squared, Fisher's exact and McNemar's tests. Survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier estimation. Risk factors for mortality were examined with Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 289 HKT and 1920 IHT recipients met inclusion criteria. Heart-kidney recipients had higher baseline creatinine and rates of intensive care unit disposition than IHT recipients (both standardized mean differences >0.10). Propensity matching resulted in 239 pairs of HKT and IHT recipients with minimal differences in baseline characteristics. Heart-kidney recipients had higher 5- and 10-year survival than IHT recipients on unmatched (77% vs 69%, P = 0.011 and 58% vs 48%, P = 0.008) and propensity matched analyses (77% vs 68%, P = 0.026 and 57% vs 39%, P = 0.007). Heart-kidney transplantation was protective against 10-year mortality on multivariable regression (hazard ratio 0.585, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In obese patients with non-dialysis-dependent kidney disease, HKT may decrease long-term mortality relative to IHT and should be strongly considered as a preferred treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Weingarten
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amit Iyengar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Alan Herbst
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Helmers
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Rekhtman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cindy Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel T Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Novel Insights in the Physiopathology and Management of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193937. [PMID: 36235590 PMCID: PMC9572176 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of kidney disease, which has led to the designation of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Common renal features observed in this condition include glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, haemodynamic changes and glomerular filtration barrier defects. Additionally, and although less studied, obesity-related kidney disease also involves alterations in renal tubules, including tubule hypertrophy, lipid deposition and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Although not completely understood, the harmful effects of obesity on the kidney may be mediated by different mechanisms, with alterations in adipose tissue probably playing an important role. An increase in visceral adipose tissue has classically been associated with the development of kidney damage, however, recent studies point to adipose tissue surrounding the kidney, and specifically to the fat within the renal sinus, as potentially involved in the development of ORG. In addition, new strategies for the treatment of patients with obesity-related kidney disease are focusing on the management of obesity. In this regard, some non-invasive options, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, are being considered for application in the clinic, not only for patients with diabetic kidney disease but as a novel pharmacological strategy for patients with ORG. In addition, bariatric surgery stands as one of the most effective options, not only for weight loss but also for the improvement of kidney outcomes in obese patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Energy Homeostasis Gene Nucleotide Variants and Survival of Hemodialysis Patients-A Genetic Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185477. [PMID: 36143124 PMCID: PMC9501434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) therapy have an increased risk of death compared to the general population. We investigated whether selected single nucleotide variants (SNVs) involved in glucose and lipid metabolism are associated with mortality risk in HD patients. Methods: The study included 805 HD patients tested for 11 SNVs in FOXO3, IGFBP3, FABP1, PCSK9, ANGPTL6, and DOCK6 using HRM analysis and TaqMan assays. FOXO3, IGFBP3, L-FABP, PCSK9, ANGPTL6, and ANGPTL8 plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA in 86 individuals. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. Results: We found out that the carriers of a C allele in ANGPTL6 rs8112063 had an increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cardiac mortality. In addition, the C allele of DOCK6 rs737337 was associated with all-cause and cardiac mortality. The G allele of DOCK6 rs17699089 was correlated with the mortality risk of patients initiating HD therapy. The T allele of FOXO3 rs4946936 was negatively associated with cardiac and cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. We observed no association between the tested proteins’ circulating levels and the survival of HD patients. Conclusions: The ANGPTL6 rs8112063, FOXO3 rs4946936, DOCK6 rs737337, and rs17699089 nucleotide variants are predictors of survival in patients undergoing HD.
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Lin CH, Li YH, Wang YY, Chang WD. Higher Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Was Associated with Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Overweight/Obese but Not Normal-Weight Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138077. [PMID: 35805736 PMCID: PMC9265888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation has been proposed to play potential roles in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the relationship of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a systemic inflammation marker, with CKD in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2846 apparently healthy adults who underwent a health examination between August 2000 and April 2002. Normal-weight was defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) of 18.5−24, while overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI of ≥24. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic and linear regression analysis was performed to explore the NLR−CKD relationship. Results: Of the 2846 participants (1777 men and 1069 women), there were 348 CKD individuals (12.3%), with 262 (14.7%) men and 86 (8%) women. A total of 1011 men (56.9%) and 408 women (38.2%) were overweight or obese. Compared with the normal-weight participants, CKD prevalence was higher in the overweight/obese women (6.1% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.002), but not in the overweight/obese men (14.5% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.793). CKD percentages in the NLR quartile groups were 9.4%, 11.5%, 15.4%, and 22.7% in men (p < 0.0001) and 6.4%, 7.1%, 10.5%, and 8.2% in women (p = 0.2291). After adjustment for confounders, each increment of one unit of NLR was associated with a higher CKD risk in the overweight/obese men (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03−1.82, p = 0.03) and women (adjusted OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.08−2.90, p = 0.023), whereas NLR was not associated with CKD in normal-weight men or women. Further, in the overweight/obese participants with an eGFR of 50−70 mL/min/1.73 m2, univariable linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between NLR and eGFR for men (p = 0.004) and women (p = 0.009). Conclusions: It was found that higher NLR was associated with an increased CKD risk in overweight/obese but not in normal-weight men and women in an adult health examination dataset. Our study suggests a role of NLR for CKD prediction in overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dau Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Lin L, Tan W, Pan X, Tian E, Wu Z, Yang J. Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:904001. [PMID: 35813613 PMCID: PMC9261267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS is 20-25%, which is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS causes effects on renal pathophysiology, including glomerular hyperfiltration, RAAS, microalbuminuria, profibrotic factors and podocyte injury. This review compares several criteria of MetS and analyzes their differences. MetS and the pathogenesis of CKD includes insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The intervention of MetS-related renal damage is the focus of this article and includes controlling body weight, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, requiring all components to meet the criteria. In addition, interventions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, body metabolism, appetite inhibition, podocyte apoptosis, and mesenchymal stem cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Kaizhou District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - En Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
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Bartlett CL, Cave EM, Crowther NJ, Ferris WF. A new perspective on the function of Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase: from bone mineralization to intra-cellular lipid accumulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2093-2106. [PMID: 35471716 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is one of four isozymes, which include germ cell, placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatases. The TNAP isozyme has 3 isoforms (liver, bone and kidney) which differ by tissue expression and glycosylation pattern. Despite a long history of investigation, the exact function of TNAP in many tissues is largely unknown. Only the bone isoform has been well characterised during mineralization where the enzyme hydrolyses pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate, which combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite crystals deposited as new bone. The inorganic phosphate also increases gene expression of proteins that support tissue mineralization. Recent studies have shown that TNAP is expressed in preadipocytes from several species, and that inhibition of TNAP activity causes attenuation of intracellular lipid accumulation in these and other lipid-storing cells. The mechanism by which TNAP stimulates lipid accumulation is not known; however, proteins that are important for controlling phosphate levels in bone are also expressed in adipocytes. This review examines the evidence that inorganic phosphate generated by TNAP promotes transcription that enhances the expression of the regulators of lipid storage and consequently, that TNAP has a major function of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara-Lesley Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eleanor Margaret Cave
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel John Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William Frank Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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[Long-term physical and psychological consequences of chronic kidney disease]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:488-497. [PMID: 35312814 PMCID: PMC8935884 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aufgrund der verbesserten Behandlungsoptionen können Patient:innen mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen heute deutlich länger überleben als noch vor 10 Jahren. Das Überleben ist für die Betroffenen jedoch immer mit einem Verlust an Lebensqualität verbunden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine kurze Übersicht über die körperlichen und psychischen Erkrankungsfolgen, Begleiterkrankungen und Therapienebenwirkungen bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen gegeben. Auf bisher bekannte Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie wird hingewiesen. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, wie die Langzeitbehandlung weiterentwickelt werden sollte, um die Lebensqualität der Patient:innen zu erhöhen. Funktionseinschränkungen der Niere haben aufgrund der Kontamination des Blutes mit harnpflichtigen Substanzen (Urämie) schwere Auswirkungen auf den Gesamtorganismus. Zusätzlich sind die Patient:innen von Nebenwirkungen betroffen, die im Zusammenhang mit der medikamentösen Therapie, Dialyse oder Nierentransplantation auftreten können. Patient:innen und Angehörige sind einer großen psychischen Belastung ausgesetzt. Infektionen mit SARS-CoV‑2 können die Nierenfunktion beeinträchtigen und auch die Prognose einer bereits bestehenden Erkrankung verschlechtern. Die ganzheitliche Versorgung der Patient:innen mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen muss neben der medizinischen Versorgung auch die psychologischen und psychosozialen Aspekte berücksichtigen. Nephrologie und Psychonephrologie müssen Hand in Hand weiterentwickelt werden, um die medizinische Versorgung und Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patient:innen zu verbessern.
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22
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Xu RC, Guo JY, Cao T, Xu Y, Liao Y, Chen YN, Song HY, Chen XJ, Guan MJ, Tang F, Xiang Q, Chen XL, Wan QJ. A mixed-method evaluation of the relationship between Oxford classification scores and longitudinal changes in proteinuria in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:890900. [PMID: 36704031 PMCID: PMC9871483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.890900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Oxford Classification scores and longitudinal changes in proteinuria in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS The study was a single-center retrospective cohort study involving 358 patients with primary IgAN who were treated at the Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, China, between January 2011 and May 2021. Multivariate linear regression and generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), adjusted for traditional risk confounders, were used to evaluate the correlation between scores for mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T), and crescents (C) (known as the Oxford Classification MEST-C score system), with proteinuria/creatinine ratio (PCR) at the time of renal biopsy and longitudinal changes in PCR, respectively. RESULTS The median PCR was 1061 mg/g, and it increased on average by 68.82 mg/g per year in these patients. Among patients with renal insufficiency, compared with patients without relative lesions, those with E present (E1) (1153.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 188.99-2117.89 mg/g) and C > 0 (C1/2) (1063.58; 95% CI, 185.25-1941.90 mg/g) were associated with increased PCR levels at the time of renal biopsy. What's more, S present (S1) (194.96; 95% CI, 54.50-335.43 mg/g per year) was associated with the fastest PCR increase; C > 0 (C1/2) (147.59; 95% CI, 8.32-286.86 mg/g per year) and T >25% (T1/2) (77.04; 95% CI, 7.18-146.89 mg/g per year), were also correlated with a faster PCR increase. In patients with normal kidney function, associations between S1 (55.46; 95% CI, 8.93-101.99 mg/g per year) and E1 (94.02; 95% CI, 21.47-166.58 mg/g per year) and PCR change could be observed. Additionally, in patients with overweight/obesity, S1 (156.09; 95% CI, 52.41-259.77 mg/g per year), E1 (143.34; 95% CI, 35.30-251.38 mg/g per year), T1/2 (116.04; 95% CI, 22.58-209.51 mg/g per year), as well as C1/2 (134.03; 95% CI, 41.73-226.32 mg/g per year) were associated with noticeably quicker PCR increase. CONCLUSIONS Overall, E1 and C1/2 were independently associated with raised proteinuria levels at the time of renal biopsy, and S1, E1, T1/2, C1/2 were independently associated with a longitudinal increase in proteinuria in the patients with IgAN, especially in those with renal insufficiency or overweight/obesity, suggesting that currently available treatments might not be satisfactory, and weight control might be beneficial. Individual therapy development might benefit from the use of the Oxford Classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Cong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Na Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Ying Song
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mi-Jie Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Empower U, X&Y solutions Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi-Jun Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qi-Jun Wan,
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23
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Lanzon B, Martin-Taboada M, Castro-Alves V, Vila-Bedmar R, González de Pablos I, Duberg D, Gomez P, Rodriguez E, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Morales E, Ruperez FJ, Medina-Gomez G. Lipidomic and Metabolomic Signature of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Severe Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:836. [PMID: 34940593 PMCID: PMC8707539 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity is a major risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection and careful monitoring of renal function are critical for the prevention of CKD during obesity, since biopsies are not performed in patients with CKD and diagnosis is dependent on the assessment of clinical parameters. To explore whether distinct lipid and metabolic signatures in obesity may signify early stages of pathogenesis toward CKD, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-high resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (GC-HRAM-MS) analyses were performed in the serum and the urine of severely obese patients with and without CKD. Moreover, the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) in lipid and metabolic signature was also studied, through LC-MS and GC-HRAM-MS analyses in the serum and urine of patients with severe obesity and CKD before and after undergoing BS. Regarding patients with severe obesity and CKD compared to severely obese patients without CKD, serum lipidome analysis revealed significant differences in lipid signature. Furthermore, serum metabolomics profile revealed significant changes in specific amino acids, with isoleucine and tyrosine, increased in CKD patients compared with patients without CKD. LC-MS and GC-HRAM-MS analysis in serum of patients with severe obesity and CKD after BS showed downregulation of levels of triglycerides (TGs) and diglycerides (DGs) as well as a decrease in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), lysine, threonine, proline, and serine. In addition, BS removed most of the correlations in CKD patients against biochemical parameters related to kidney dysfunction. Concerning urine analysis, hippuric acid, valine and glutamine were significantly decreased in urine from CKD patients after surgery. Interestingly, bariatric surgery did not restore all the lipid species, some of them decreased, hence drawing attention to them as potential targets for early diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Results obtained in this study would justify the use of comprehensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to measure other lipids aside from conventional lipid profiles and to validate possible early markers of risk of CKD in patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Lanzon
- LIPOBETA Group, Department Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (B.L.); (M.M.-T.); (R.V.-B.)
| | - Marina Martin-Taboada
- LIPOBETA Group, Department Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (B.L.); (M.M.-T.); (R.V.-B.)
| | - Victor Castro-Alves
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (V.C.-A.); (D.D.); (T.H.)
| | - Rocio Vila-Bedmar
- LIPOBETA Group, Department Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (B.L.); (M.M.-T.); (R.V.-B.)
| | | | - Daniel Duberg
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (V.C.-A.); (D.D.); (T.H.)
| | - Pilar Gomez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (P.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Elias Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (P.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden;
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden; (V.C.-A.); (D.D.); (T.H.)
| | - Enrique Morales
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
- Research Institute of University Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ruperez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Gema Medina-Gomez
- LIPOBETA Group, Department Basic Sciences of Health, Faculty of Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (B.L.); (M.M.-T.); (R.V.-B.)
- LAFEMEX Laboratory, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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24
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Caus M, Eritja À, Bozic M. Role of microRNAs in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111416. [PMID: 34768854 PMCID: PMC8583993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem and is associated with a significant risk of renal function decline. Obesity-related nephropathy, as one of the complications of obesity, is characterized by a structural and functional damage of the kidney and represents one of the important contributors to the morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite increasing data linking hyperlipidemia and lipotoxicity to kidney injury, the apprehension of molecular mechanisms leading to a development of kidney damage is scarce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously produced small noncoding RNA molecules with an important function in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs have been demonstrated to be important regulators of a vast array of physiological and pathological processes in many organs, kidney being one of them. In this review, we present an overview of miRNAs, focusing on their functional role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated renal pathologies. We explain novel findings regarding miRNA-mediated signaling in obesity-related nephropathies and highlight advantages and future perspectives of the therapeutic application of miRNAs in renal diseases.
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