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Sadoine ML, Smargiassi A, Liu Y, Gachon P, Fournier M, Dueymes G, Namuganga JF, Dorsey G, Nasri B, Zinszer K. Differential Influence of Environmental Factors on Malaria Due to Vector Control Interventions in Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7042. [PMID: 37998273 PMCID: PMC10671539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored how vector control interventions may modify associations between environmental factors and malaria. METHODS We used weekly malaria cases reported from six public health facilities in Uganda. Environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, humidity, and vegetation) were extracted from remote sensing sources. The non-linearity of environmental variables was investigated, and negative binomial regression models were used to explore the influence of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) on associations between environmental factors and malaria incident cases for each site as well as pooled across the facilities, with or without considering the interaction between environmental variables and vector control interventions. RESULTS An average of 73.3 weekly malaria cases per site (range: 0-597) occurred between 2010 and 2018. From the pooled model, malaria risk related to environmental variables was reduced by about 35% with LLINs and 63% with IRS. Significant interactions were observed between some environmental variables and vector control interventions. There was site-specific variability in the shape of the environment-malaria risk relationship and in the influence of interventions (6 to 72% reduction in cases with LLINs and 43 to 74% with IRS). CONCLUSION The influence of vector control interventions on the malaria-environment relationship need to be considered at a local scale in order to efficiently guide control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux L. Sadoine
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Center for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Center for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Gachon
- ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- Montreal Regional Department of Public Health, Montreal, QC H2L 1M3, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dueymes
- ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | | | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bouchra Nasri
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Center for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Center for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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Gonzalez-Daza W, Vivero-Gómez RJ, Altamiranda-Saavedra M, Muylaert RL, Landeiro VL. Time lag effect on malaria transmission dynamics in an Amazonian Colombian municipality and importance for early warning systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18636. [PMID: 37903862 PMCID: PMC10616112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-income regions with limited access to healthcare. Despite the use of antimalarial drugs, transmission remains an issue in Colombia, especially among indigenous populations in remote areas. In this study, we used an SIR Ross MacDonald model that considered land use change, temperature, and precipitation to analyze eco epidemiological parameters and the impact of time lags on malaria transmission in La Pedrera-Amazonas municipality. We found changes in land use between 2007 and 2020, with increases in forested areas, urban infrastructure and water edges resulting in a constant increase in mosquito carrying capacity. Temperature and precipitation variables exhibited a fluctuating pattern that corresponded to rainy and dry seasons, respectively and a marked influence of the El Niño climatic phenomenon. Our findings suggest that elevated precipitation and temperature increase malaria infection risk in the following 2 months. The risk is influenced by the secondary vegetation and urban infrastructure near primary forest formation or water body edges. These results may help public health officials and policymakers develop effective malaria control strategies by monitoring precipitation, temperature, and land use variables to flag high-risk areas and critical periods, considering the time lag effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gonzalez-Daza
- Programa do Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Jose Vivero-Gómez
- Grupo de Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección, Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Street 59A #63-20, 050003, Medellín, Colombia
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59 Laboratorio 632, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Renata L Muylaert
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Victor Lemes Landeiro
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
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Ferraboli JW, Soares da Veiga GT, Albrecht L. Plasmodium vivax transcriptomics: What is new? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1645-1656. [PMID: 37786955 PMCID: PMC10723030 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231198070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the leading human parasitosis and is transmitted through the bite of anopheline mosquitoes infected with parasites of the genus Plasmodium spp. Among the seven species that cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent species in Latin America. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports of clinical complications caused by P. vivax infections, which were previously neglected and underestimated. P. vivax biology remains with large gaps. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technology has ensured a breakthrough in species knowledge. Coupled with this, the deposition of the P. vivax Sal-1 reference genome allowed an increase in transcriptomics projects by accessing messenger RNA. Thus, the regulation of differential gene expression according to the parasite life stage was verified, and several expressed genes were linked to different biological functions. Today, with the progress associated with RNA sequencing technologies, it is possible to detect nuances and obtain robust results. Discoveries provided by transcriptomic studies allow us to understand topics such as RNA expression and regulation and proteins and metabolic pathways involved during different stages of the parasite life cycle. The information obtained enables a better comprehension of immune system evasion mechanisms; invasion and adhesion strategies used by the parasite; as well as new vaccine targets, potential molecular markers, and others therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide new insights into P. vivax biology by summarizing recent findings in transcriptomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weber Ferraboli
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tatiane Soares da Veiga
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
| | - Letusa Albrecht
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba 81310-020, Brazil
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Conn JE, Bickersmith SA, Saavedra MP, Morales JA, Alava F, Diaz Rodriguez GA, del Aguila Morante CR, Tong CG, Alvarez-Antonio C, Daza Huanahui JM, Vinetz JM, Gamboa D. Natural Infection of Nyssorhynchus darlingi and Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B with Plasmodium during the Dry Season in the Understudied Low-Transmission Setting of Datem del Marañon Province, Amazonian Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:288-295. [PMID: 37364858 PMCID: PMC10397451 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of malaria hotspots in Datem del Marañon Province, Peru, prompted vector control units at the Ministry of Health, Loreto Department, to collaborate with the Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research to identify the main vectors in several riverine villages that had annual parasite indices > 15 in 2018-2019. Anophelinae were collected indoors and outdoors for two 12-hour nights/community during the dry season in 2019 using human landing catch. We identified four species: Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B, Nyssorhynchus darlingi, Nyssorhynchus triannulatus, and Anopheles mattogrossensis. The most abundant, Ny. benarrochi B, accounted for 96.3% of the total (7,550/7,844), of which 61.5% were captured outdoors (4,641/7,550). Six mosquitoes, one Ny. benarrochi B and five Ny. darlingi, were infected by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. Human biting rates ranged from 0.5 to 592.8 bites per person per hour for Ny. benarrochi B and from 0.5 to 32.0 for Ny. darlingi, with entomological inoculation rates as high as 0.50 infective bites per night for Ny. darlingi and 0.25 for Ny. benarrochi B. These data demonstrate the risk of malaria transmission by both species even during the dry season in villages in multiple watersheds in Datem del Marañon province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E. Conn
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York-Albany, Albany, New York
| | | | - Marlon P. Saavedra
- Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juliana A. Morales
- Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Carlos G. Tong
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública-Gerencia Regional de Salud de Loreto, GERESA, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Jesus M. Daza Huanahui
- Red de Salud Datem del Marañon – Gerencia Regional de Salud de Loreto, GERESA, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Joseph M. Vinetz
- Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Janko MM, Recalde-Coronel GC, Damasceno CP, Salmón-Mulanovich G, Barbieri AF, Lescano AG, Zaitchik BF, Pan WK. The impact of sustained malaria control in the Loreto region of Peru: a retrospective, observational, spatially-varying interrupted time series analysis of the PAMAFRO program. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 20:100477. [PMID: 36970494 PMCID: PMC10036736 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Although malaria control investments worldwide have resulted in dramatic declines in transmission since 2000, progress has stalled. In the Amazon, malaria resurgence has followed withdrawal of Global Fund support of the Project for Malaria Control in Andean Border Areas (PAMAFRO). We estimate intervention-specific and spatially-explicit effects of the PAMAFRO program on malaria incidence across the Loreto region of Peru, and consider the influence of the environmental risk factors in the presence of interventions. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational, spatial interrupted time series analysis of malaria incidence rates among people reporting to health posts across Loreto, Peru between the first epidemiological week of January 2001 and the last epidemiological week of December 2016. Model inference is at the smallest administrative unit (district), where the weekly number of diagnosed cases of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were determined by microscopy. Census data provided population at risk. We include as covariates weekly estimates of minimum temperature and cumulative precipitation in each district, as well as spatially- and temporally-lagged malaria incidence rates. Environmental data were derived from a hydrometeorological model designed for the Amazon. We used Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling techniques to estimate the impact of the PAMAFRO program, variability in environmental effects, and the role of climate anomalies on transmission after PAMAFRO withdrawal. Findings During the PAMAFRO program, incidence of P. vivax declined from 42.8 to 10.1 cases/1000 people/year. Incidence for P. falciparum declined from 14.3 to 2.5 cases/1000 people/year over this same period. The effects of PAMAFRO-supported interventions varied both by geography and species of malaria. Interventions were only effective in districts where interventions were also deployed in surrounding districts. Further, interventions diminished the effects of other prevailing demographic and environmental risk factors. Withdrawal of the program led to a resurgence in transmission. Increasing minimum temperatures and variability and intensity of rainfall events from 2011 onward and accompanying population displacements contributed to this resurgence. Interpretation Malaria control programs must consider the climate and environmental scope of interventions to maximize effectiveness. They must also ensure financial sustainability to maintain local progress and commitment to malaria prevention and elimination efforts, as well as to offset the effects of environmental change that increase transmission risk. Funding National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Janko
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G. Cristina Recalde-Coronel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Clima, Latin American Center of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, and Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Benjamin F. Zaitchik
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William K. Pan
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Sadoine ML, Smargiassi A, Liu Y, Gachon P, Dueymes G, Dorsey G, Fournier M, Nankabirwa JI, Rek J, Zinszer K. The influence of the environment and indoor residual spraying on malaria risk in a cohort of children in Uganda. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11537. [PMID: 35798826 PMCID: PMC9262898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have estimated the impact of the environment on malaria incidence although few have explored the differential impact due to malaria control interventions. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on the relationship between malaria and environment (i.e. rainfall, temperatures, humidity, and vegetation) using data from a dynamic cohort of children from three sub-counties in Uganda. Environmental variables were extracted from remote sensing sources and averaged over different time periods. General linear mixed models were constructed for each sub-counties based on a log-binomial distribution. The influence of IRS was analysed by comparing marginal effects of environment in models adjusted and unadjusted for IRS. Great regional variability in the shape (linear and non-linear), direction, and magnitude of environmental associations with malaria risk were observed between sub-counties. IRS was significantly associated with malaria risk reduction (risk ratios vary from RR = 0.03, CI 95% [0.03-0.08] to RR = 0.35, CI95% [0.28-0.42]). Model adjustment for this intervention changed the magnitude and/or direction of environment-malaria associations, suggesting an interaction effect. This study evaluated the potential influence of IRS in the malaria-environment association and highlighted the necessity to control for interventions when they are performed to properly estimate the environmental influence on malaria. Local models are more informative to guide intervention program compared to national models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux L. Sadoine
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Public Health Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Public Health Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Public Health Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Philippe Gachon
- grid.38678.320000 0001 2181 0211ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Guillaume Dueymes
- grid.38678.320000 0001 2181 0211ESCER (Étude et Simulation du Climat à l’Échelle Régionale) Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Grant Dorsey
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michel Fournier
- Montreal Regional Department of Public Health, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Joaniter I. Nankabirwa
- grid.463352.50000 0004 8340 3103Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda ,grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Rek
- grid.463352.50000 0004 8340 3103Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kate Zinszer
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Public Health Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
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Llanos-Cuentas A, Manrrique P, Rosas-Aguirre A, Herrera S, Hsiang MS. Tafenoquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:759-768. [PMID: 35379070 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2058394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmodium vivax malaria causes significant disease burden worldwide, especially in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. P. vivax is characterized by the production of liver hypnozoites that cause clinical relapses upon periodic activation. Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline drug, has been the standard of care for decades to treat liver-stage P. vivax malaria; however, it requires long treatment regimens (one to two weeks) that lead to poor adherence and thus clinical relapses. Tafenoquine (TFQ), a newly available and efficacious single-dose 8-aminoquinoline, aims to address this challenge. Safe administration is possible when paired with the use of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) diagnostics to prevent 8-aminoquinoline-induced hemolysis in patients with underlying G6PD deficiency (G6PDd). AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors present the recent literature regarding the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TFQ and highlight regional differences in these areas. The authors also discuss the potential for TFQ, complemented with primaquine PQ and effective screening for G6PDd, to improve P. vivax clinical management and facilitate targeted mass drug administration in communities to decrease transmission. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies show therapeutic efficacy of TFQ as well as a good performance in terms of safety and tolerability. Additional research regarding the effectiveness and safety TFQ in malaria elimination strategies such as targeted or mass drug administration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Manrrique
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, PA, USA
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sonia Herrera
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle S Hsiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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