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Pan K, Zhu Y, Chen P, Yang K, Chen Y, Wang Y, Dai Z, Huang Z, Zhong P, Zhao X, Fan S, Ning L, Zhang J, Chen P. Biological functions and biomedical applications of extracellular vesicles derived from blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:43-61. [PMID: 38848784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) for therapeutic applications. EVs are composed of cytoplasmic proteins and nucleic acids and an external lipid bilayer containing transmembrane proteins on their surfaces. EVs can alter the state of the target cells by interacting with the receptor ligand of the target cell or by being internalised by the target cell. Blood cells are the primary source of EVs, and 1 μL of plasma contains approximately 1.5 × 107 EVs. Owing to their easy acquisition and the avoidance of cell amplification in vitro, using blood cells as a source of therapeutic EVs has promising clinical application prospects. This review summarises the characteristics and biological functions of EVs derived from different blood cell types (platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes) and analyses the prospects and challenges of using them for clinical therapeutic applications. In summary, blood cell-derived EVs can regulate different cell types such as immune cells (macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells), stem cells, and somatic cells, and play a role in intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cell proliferation. Overall, blood cell-derived EVs have the potential for use in vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and injuries. To promote the clinical translation of blood cell-derived EVs, researchers need to perform further studies on EVs in terms of scalable and reproducible isolation technology, quality control, safety, stability and storage, regulatory issues, cost-effectiveness, and long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Zhanqiu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325088, China
| | - Zhenxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Peiyu Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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Gori A, Frigerio R, Gagni P, Burrello J, Panella S, Raimondi A, Bergamaschi G, Lodigiani G, Romano M, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A, Barile L, Cretich M. Addressing Heterogeneity in Direct Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Analogs by Membrane Sensing Peptides as Pan-Vesicular Affinity Probes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400533. [PMID: 38822532 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, hold significant diagnostic potential due to their ability to concentrate protein biomarkers in bodily fluids. However, challenges in isolating EVs from biological specimens hinder their widespread use. The preferred strategy involves direct analysis, integrating isolation and analysis solutions, with immunoaffinity methods currently dominating. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of EVs poses challenges, as proposed markers may not be as universally present as thought, raising concerns about biomarker screening reliability. This issue extends to EV-mimics, where conventional methods may lack applicability. Addressing these challenges, the study reports on Membrane Sensing Peptides (MSP) as pan-vesicular affinity ligands for both EVs and their non-canonical analogs, streamlining capture and phenotyping through Single Molecule Array (SiMoA). MSP ligands enable direct analysis of circulating EVs, eliminating the need for prior isolation. Demonstrating clinical translation, MSP technology detects an EV-associated epitope signature in serum and plasma, distinguishing myocardial infarction from stable angina. Additionally, MSP allow analysis of tetraspanin-lacking Red Blood Cell-derived EVs, overcoming limitations associated with antibody-based methods. Overall, the work underlines the value of MSP as complementary tools to antibodies, advancing EV analysis for clinical diagnostics and beyond, and marking the first-ever peptide-based application in SiMoA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Paola Gagni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Bellinzona, CH-6500, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Panella
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Bellinzona, CH-6500, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, CH-6500, Switzerland
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science, CSGI, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science, CSGI, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science, CSGI, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Bellinzona, CH-6500, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Milano, 20131, Italy
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Yao C, Zhang H, Wang C. Recent advances in therapeutic engineered extracellular vesicles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7825-7840. [PMID: 38533676 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural particles secreted by living cells, which hold significant potential for various therapeutic applications. Native EVs have specific components and structures, allowing them to cross biological barriers, and circulate in vivo for a long time. Native EVs have also been bioengineered to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and targeting affinity. Recently, the therapeutic potential of surface-engineered EVs has been explored in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases, infections and other diseases by ongoing research and clinical trials. In this review, we will introduce the modified methods of engineered EVs, summarize the application of engineered EVs in preclinical and clinical trials, and discuss the opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of surface-engineered EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Wang Y, Liu X, Wang B, Sun H, Ren Y, Zhang H. Compounding engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A potential rescue strategy for retinal degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116424. [PMID: 38471273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, has been increasing globally and is linked to the aging population and improved life expectancy. These diseases are characterized by chronic, progressive neuronal damage or depletion of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, and limited effective treatment options are currently available. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) containing cytokines, growth factors, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, which act as mediators of intercellular communication transferring bioactive molecules to recipient cells, offer an appealing, non-cellular nanotherapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases. However, treatment specificity is compromised due to their high heterogeneity in size, content, functional effects, and parental cellular source. To improve this, engineered MSC-EXOs with increased drug-loading capacity, targeting ability, and resistance to bodily degradation and elimination have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in miRNAs of MSC-EXOs as a treatment for retinal degeneration, discussing the strategies and methods for engineering therapeutic MSC-EXOs. Notably, to address the single functional role of engineered MSC-EXOs, we propose a novel concept called "Compound Engineered MSC-EXOs (Co-E-MSC-EXOs)" along with its derived potential therapeutic approaches. The advantages and challenges of employing Co-E-MSC-EXOs for retinal degeneration in clinical applications, as well as the strategies and issues related to them, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
| | - Xianning Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hanhan Sun
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yiqian Ren
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
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5
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Małecka A, Østlie I, Trøen G, Małecki J, Delabie J, Tierens A, Munthe LA, Berentsen S, Tjønnfjord GE. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of complement receptor 1 in clonal B cells in cold agglutinin disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:45-54. [PMID: 38133636 PMCID: PMC10929701 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the bone marrow, manifested by autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by binding of monoclonal IgM autoantibodies to the I antigen. Underlying genetic changes have previously been reported, but their impact on gene expression profile has been unknown. Here, we define differentially expressed genes in CAD B cells. To unravel downstream alteration in cellular pathways, gene expression by RNA sequencing was undertaken. Clonal B-cell samples from 12 CAD patients and IgM-expressing memory B cells from 4 healthy individuals were analyzed. Differential expression analysis and filtering resulted in 93 genes with significant differential expression. Top upregulated genes included SLC4A1, SPTA1, YBX3, TESC, HBD, AHSP, TRAF1, HBA2, RHAG, CA1, SPTB, IL10, UBASH3B, ALAS2, HBA1, CRYM, RGCC, KANK2, and IGHV4-34. They were upregulated at least 8-fold, while complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) was downregulated 11-fold in clonal CAD B cells compared to control B cells. Flow cytometry analyses further confirmed reduced CR1 (CD35) protein expression by clonal CAD IgM+ B cells compared to IgM+ memory B cells in controls. CR1 (CD35) is an important negative regulator of B-cell activation and differentiation. Therefore, reduced CR1 (CD35) expression may increase activation, proliferation, and antibody production in CAD-associated clonal B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Małecka
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Østlie
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Delabie
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Tierens
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Berentsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna Trust, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cruz-Leal Y, Norris PAA, Gil Gonzalez L, Marjoram D, Wabnitz H, Shan Y, Lazarus AH. Trogocytosis drives red blood cell antigen loss in association with antibody-mediated immune suppression. Blood 2024; 143:807-821. [PMID: 37946269 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization to paternal antigens during pregnancy can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This severe and potentially fatal neonatal disorder can be prevented by the administration of polyclonal anti-D through a mechanism referred to as antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). Although anti-D prophylaxis effectively prevents HDFN, a lack of mechanistic clarity has hampered its replacement with recombinant agents. The major theories behind AMIS induction in the hematologic literature have classically centered around RBC clearance; however, antigen modulation/loss has recently been proposed as a potential mechanism of AMIS. To explore the primary mechanisms of AMIS, we studied the ability of 11 different antibodies to induce AMIS, RBC clearance, antigen loss, and RBC membrane loss in the HOD (hen egg lysozyme-ovalbumin-human Duffy) murine model. Antibodies targeting different portions of the HOD molecule could induce AMIS independent of their ability to clear RBCs; however, all antibodies capable of inducing a strong AMIS effect also caused significant in vivo loss of the HOD antigen in conjunction with RBC membrane loss. In vitro studies of AMIS-inducing antibodies demonstrated simultaneous RBC antigen and membrane loss, which was mediated by macrophages. Confocal live-cell microscopy revealed that AMIS-inducing antibodies triggered RBC membrane transfer to macrophages, consistent with trogocytosis. Furthermore, anti-D itself can induce trogocytosis even at low concentrations, when phagocytosis is minimal or absent. In view of these findings, we propose trogocytosis as a mechanism of AMIS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelys Cruz-Leal
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A A Norris
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lazaro Gil Gonzalez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Marjoram
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanna Wabnitz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuexin Shan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan H Lazarus
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ding J, Ding X, Liao W, Lu Z. Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100913. [PMID: 38188647 PMCID: PMC10767221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become an increasingly important public health issue owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional treatment methods are relatively effective, they have limitations such as highly toxic side effects, easy drug resistance, and high individual variability. Meanwhile, emerging therapies remain limited, and their actual anti-tumor effects need to be improved. Nanotechnology has received considerable attention for its development and application. In particular, artificial nanocarriers have emerged as a crucial approach for tumor therapy. However, certain deficiencies persist, including immunogenicity, permeability, targeting, and biocompatibility. The application of erythrocyte-derived materials will help overcome the above problems and enhance therapeutic effects. Erythrocyte-derived materials can be acquired via the application of physical and chemical techniques from natural erythrocyte membranes, or through the integration of these membranes with synthetic inner core materials using cell membrane biomimetic technology. Their natural properties such as biocompatibility and long circulation time make them an ideal choice for drug delivery or nanoparticle biocoating. Thus, red blood cell-derived materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, further studies are required to evaluate their efficacy, in vivo metabolism, preparation, design, and clinical translation. Based on the latest research reports, this review summarizes the biology, synthesis, characteristics, and distribution of red blood cell-derived materials. Furthermore, we provide a reference for further research and clinical transformation by comprehensively discussing the applications and technical challenges faced by red blood cell-derived materials in the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ding
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Xinjing Ding
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
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Stepanenko T, Sofińska K, Wilkosz N, Dybas J, Wiercigroch E, Bulat K, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Seweryn S, Chwiej J, Lipiec E, Marzec KM. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) in label-free characterization of erythrocyte membranes and extracellular vesicles at the nano-scale and molecular level. Analyst 2024; 149:778-788. [PMID: 38109075 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript presents the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for label-free characterization of extracellular microvesicles (EVs) and their isolated membranes derived from red blood cells (RBCs) at the nanoscale and at the single-molecule level, providing detection of a few individual amino acids, protein and lipid membrane compartments. The study shows future directions for research, such as investigating the use of the mentioned techniques for the detection and diagnosis of diseases. We demonstrate that SERS and TERS are powerful techniques for identifying the biochemical composition of EVs and their membranes, allowing the detection of small molecules, lipids, and proteins. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released from red blood cells (REVs) can be broadly classified into exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, based on their size and biogenesis pathways. Our study specifically focuses on microvesicles that range from 100 to 1000 nanometres in diameter, as presented in AFM images. Using SERS and TERS spectra obtained for REVs and their membranes, we were able to characterize the chemical and structural properties of microvesicle membranes with high sensitivity and specificity. This information may help better distinguish and categorize different types of EVs, leading to a better understanding of their functions and potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Stepanenko
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Czerwone Maki 98 Str., 30-392 Krakow, Poland
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Sofińska
- Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Natalia Wilkosz
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiercigroch
- Jagiellonian Center of Innovation, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skirlińska-Nosek
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sara Seweryn
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Jagiellonian University, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopiańska Str., 30-418 Krakow, Poland.
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9
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Aloi N, Drago G, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1205. [PMID: 38256278 PMCID: PMC10816988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (G.D.); (S.R.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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10
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Krishnan MA, Alimi OA, Pan T, Kuss M, Korade Z, Hu G, Liu B, Duan B. Engineering Neurotoxin-Functionalized Exosomes for Targeted Delivery to the Peripheral Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:102. [PMID: 38258111 PMCID: PMC10818718 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of therapeutics to peripheral nerve tissue is challenging due to the complexities of peripheral neuroanatomy and the limitations imposed by the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance delivery effectiveness and implement targeted delivery methods. Recently, erythrocyte-derived exosomes (Exos) have gained widespread attention as biocompatible vehicles for therapeutics in clinical applications. However, engineering targeted Exos for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is still challenging. This study aims to develop a targeted Exo delivery system specifically designed for presynaptic terminals of peripheral nerve tissue. The clostridium neurotoxin, tetanus toxin-C fragment (TTC), was tethered to the surface of red blood cell (RBC)-derived Exos via a facile and efficient bio-orthogonal click chemistry method without a catalyst. Additionally, Cyanine5 (Cy5), a reactive fluorescent tag, was also conjugated to track Exo movement in both in vitro and in vivo models. Subsequently, Neuro-2a, a mouse neuronal cell line, was treated with dye-labeled Exos with/without TTC in vitro, and the results indicated that TTC-Exos exhibited more efficient accumulation along the soma and axonal circumference, compared to their unmodified counterparts. Further investigation, using a mouse model, revealed that within 72 h of intramuscular administration, engineered TTC-Exos were successfully transported into the neuromuscular junction and sciatic nerve tissues. These results indicated that TTC played a crucial role in the Exo delivery system, improving the affinity to peripheral nerves. These promising results underscore the potential of using targeted Exo carriers to deliver therapeutics for treating peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Asha Krishnan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Olawale A. Alimi
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tianshu Pan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Bo Liu
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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11
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Sarcinella A, Femminò S, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles: Emergent and Multiple Sources in Wound Healing Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15709. [PMID: 37958693 PMCID: PMC10650196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wound- and tissue-injury are commonly experienced worldwide by the aging population. The persistence of disease commonly leads to tissue infection, resulting in severe clinical complications. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered promising and emergent therapeutic tools to improve the healing processes. Therefore, efforts have been directed to develop a cell-free therapeutic platform based on EV administration to orchestrate tissue repair. EVs derived from different cell types, including fibroblast, epithelial, and immune cells are recruited to the injured sites and in turn take part in scar formation. EVs are nano-sized particles containing a heterogeneous cargo consisting of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids protected from degradation by their lipid bilayer. Noteworthy, since EVs have natural biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, they represent the ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative purposes. Indeed, EVs are released by several cell types, and even if they possess unique biological properties, their functional capability can be further improved by engineering their content and functionalizing their surface, allowing a specific cell cargo delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of preclinical data supporting the contribution of EVs in the repair and regenerative processes, focusing on different naïve EV sources, as well as on their engineering, to offer a scalable and low-cost therapeutic option for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (S.F.)
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12
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Ma SR, Xia HF, Gong P, Yu ZL. Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Overview of Current Research Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2798. [PMID: 37893171 PMCID: PMC10604118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBC EVs) are small, spherical fragments released from red blood cells. These vesicles, similar to EVs derived from other cell types, are crucial for intercellular communication processes and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBC EVs has garnered increasing attention in recent years, revealing their valuable role in the field of medicine. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current research status of RBC EVs. We summarize existing studies and highlight the progress made in understanding the characteristics and functions of RBC EVs, with a particular focus on their biological roles in different diseases. We also discuss their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diseases and as vectors for drug delivery. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for further research to achieve selective purification of RBC EVs and unravel their heterogeneity, which will allow for a deeper understanding of their diverse functions and exploration of their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hou-Fu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.-R.M.); (H.-F.X.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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13
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Joo HS, Suh JH, So CM, Jeon HJ, Yoon SH, Lee JM. Emerging Roles of Using Small Extracellular Vesicles as an Anti-Cancer Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14063. [PMID: 37762393 PMCID: PMC10531913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Tumor-cell-derived sEVs contain biomolecules that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis. sEVs can directly exert tumor-killing effects or modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to anti-cancer effects. In this review, the application of sEVs as a diagnostic tool, drug delivery system, and active pharmaceutical ingredient for cancer therapy will be highlighted. The therapeutic efficacies of sEVs will be compared to conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, this review will provide strategies for sEV engineering to enhance the therapeutic efficacies of sEVs. As a bench-to-bedside application, we will discuss approaches to encourage good-manufacturing-practice-compliant industrial-scale manufacturing and purification of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sangha GS, Weber CM, Sapp RM, Setua S, Thangaraju K, Pettebone M, Rogers SC, Doctor A, Buehler PW, Clyne AM. Mechanical stimuli such as shear stress and piezo1 stimulation generate red blood cell extracellular vesicles. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1246910. [PMID: 37719461 PMCID: PMC10502313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1246910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Generating physiologically relevant red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBC-EVs) for mechanistic studies is challenging. Herein, we investigated how to generate and isolate high concentrations of RBC-EVs in vitro via shear stress and mechanosensitive piezo1 ion channel stimulation. Methods: RBC-EVs were generated by applying shear stress or the piezo1-agonist yoda1 to RBCs. We then investigated how piezo1 RBC-EV generation parameters (hematocrit, treatment time, treatment dose), isolation methods (membrane-based affinity, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation with and without size exclusion chromatography), and storage conditions impacted RBC-EV yield and purity. Lastly, we used pressure myography to determine how RBC-EVs isolated using different methods affected mouse carotid artery vasodilation. Results: Our results showed that treating RBCs at 6% hematocrit with 10 µM yoda1 for 30 min and isolating RBC-EVs via ultracentrifugation minimized hemolysis, maximized yield and purity, and produced the most consistent RBC-EV preparations. Co-isolated contaminants in impure samples, but not piezo1 RBC-EVs, induced mouse carotid artery vasodilation. Conclusion: This work shows that RBC-EVs can be generated through piezo1 stimulation and may be generated in vivo under physiologic flow conditions. Our studies further emphasize the importance of characterizing EV generation and isolation parameters before using EVs for mechanistic analysis since RBC-EV purity can impact functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Callie M Weber
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Morgan Pettebone
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alisa M Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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15
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Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are a subset of EVs that are released from platelets, which are small nuclear cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. PEVs have been shown to have important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Recently, researchers, including our group have utilized PEVs as drug delivery platforms as PEVs could target inflammatory sites both passively and actively. This review summarizes the biological function of PEVs, introduces recent applications of PEVs in targeted drug delivery, and provides an outlook for the further development of utilizing PEVs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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16
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Harisa GI, Faris TM, Sherif AY, Alzhrani RF, Alanazi SA, Kohaf NA, Alanazi FK. Coding Therapeutic Nucleic Acids from Recombinant Proteins to Next-Generation Vaccines: Current Uses, Limitations, and Future Horizons. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00821-z. [PMID: 37578574 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the potential use of cTNAs in therapeutic applications. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant use of coding therapeutic nucleic acids (cTNAs) in terms of DNA and mRNA in the development of vaccines. The use of cTNAs resulted in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic field. However, the injection of DNA or mRNA into the human body transforms cells into biological factories to produce the necessary proteins. Despite the success of cTNAs in the production of corona vaccines, they have several limitations such as instability, inability to cross biomembranes, immunogenicity, and the possibility of integration into the human genome. The chemical modification and utilization of smart drug delivery cargoes resolve cTNAs therapeutic problems. The success of cTNAs in corona vaccine production provides perspective for the eradication of influenza viruses, Zika virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus, malaria, and future pandemics by quick vaccine design. Moreover, the progress cTNAs technology is promising for the development of therapy for genetic disease, cancer therapy, and currently incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science Collage of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A Kohaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Drack A, Rai A, Greening DW. Generation of Red Blood Cell Nanovesicles as a Delivery Tool. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:321-336. [PMID: 36781795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous vesicles with immense potential as drug delivery tools. However, their large-scale production remains a huge technical challenge, is time consuming, and expensive. Thus, EV mimetics (nanovesicles) generated from easily sourced red blood cells (RBCs) have gained vested interest as an effective and scalable drug delivery system. Their surface proteins (e.g., CD47) inherited from parental RBCs also improve their biocompatibility and bioavailability. Here, we outline a step-by-step guide for large-scale production of RBC nanovesicles using one-step extrusion method coupled to rapid density-cushion centrifugation. We also outline protocol for their extensive biophysical characterization (size and morphology using single particle analysis and cryogenic electron microscopy), and in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteome characterization. Finally, we outline two strategies (active loading during extrusion vs. passive loading via diffusion) to incorporate pharmacological compound(s) into nanovesicles and detect their loading using spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane Drack
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Biagiotti S, Abbas F, Montanari M, Barattini C, Rossi L, Magnani M, Papa S, Canonico B. Extracellular Vesicles as New Players in Drug Delivery: A Focus on Red Blood Cells-Derived EVs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020365. [PMID: 36839687 PMCID: PMC9961903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The article is divided into several sections, focusing on extracellular vesicles' (EVs) nature, features, commonly employed methodologies and strategies for their isolation/preparation, and their characterization/visualization. This work aims to give an overview of advances in EVs' extensive nanomedical-drug delivery applications. Furthermore, considerations for EVs translation to clinical application are summarized here, before focusing the review on a special kind of extracellular vesicles, the ones derived from red blood cells (RBCEVs). Generally, employing EVs as drug carriers means managing entities with advantageous properties over synthetic vehicles or nanoparticles. Besides the fact that certain EVs also reveal intrinsic therapeutic characteristics, in regenerative medicine, EVs nanosize, lipidomic and proteomic profiles enable them to pass biologic barriers and display cell/tissue tropisms; indeed, EVs engineering can further optimize their organ targeting. In the second part of the review, we focus our attention on RBCEVs. First, we describe the biogenesis and composition of those naturally produced by red blood cells (RBCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Afterwards, we discuss the current procedures to isolate and/or produce RBCEVs in the lab and to load a specific cargo for therapeutic exploitation. Finally, we disclose the most recent applications of RBCEVs at the in vitro and preclinical research level and their potential industrial exploitation. In conclusion, RBCEVs can be, in the near future, a very promising and versatile platform for several clinical applications and pharmaceutical exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Faiza Abbas
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Chiara Barattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
- AcZon s.r.l., 40050 Monte San Pietro, BO, Italy
| | - Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Small Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020325. [PMID: 36839647 PMCID: PMC9961868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing in many ways. Initially perceived as mere waste receptacles, sEVs have revealed other biological functions, such as cell-to-cell signal transduction and communication. Besides their notable biological functions, sEVs have profound advantages as future drug modalities: (i) excellent biocompatibility, (ii) high stability, and (iii) the potential to carry undruggable macromolecules as cargo. Indeed, many biopharmaceutical companies are utilizing sEVs, not only as diagnostic biomarkers but as therapeutic drugs. However, as all inchoate fields are challenging, there are limitations and hindrances in the clinical translation of sEV therapeutics. In this review, we summarize different types of sEV therapeutics, future improvements, and current strategies in large-scale production.
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20
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Chen X, Yang R, Shen J, Huang Q, Wu Z. Research Progress of Bioinspired Nanostructured Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010096. [PMID: 36678597 PMCID: PMC9865244 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
How to enhance the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs in the eye present the major barriers to traditional eye delivery. Nanotechnology has been widely used in ocular drug delivery systems because of its advantages of minimizing adverse reactions, decreasing the frequency of administration, prolonging the release time, and improving the bioavailability of the drug in the eye. As natural product-based nanostructured systems, bioinspired nanostructured systems have presented as less toxic, easy to prepare, and cost-effective and have potential application value in the field of nanotechnology. A systematic classification of bioinspired nanostructured systems based on their inspiration source and formulation and their brief applications in disease are presented here. A review of recent research progress of the bioinspired nanostructured systems for the treatment of the anterior and posterior segment of ocular disorders is then presented in detail. Finally, current challenges and future directions with regard to manufacturing bioinspired nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinyan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
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21
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Jahangiri L, Ishola T. Exosomes in Neuroblastoma Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1714. [PMID: 36362869 PMCID: PMC9694311 DOI: 10.3390/life12111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumour of the developing sympathetic nervous system accounting for circa 15% of deaths due to cancer in paediatric patients. The clinical course of this cancer may be variable, ranging from aggressive progression to regression, while the amplification of MYCN in this cancer is linked to poor patient prognosis. Extracellular vesicles are a double membrane encapsulating various cellular components including proteins and nucleic acids and comprise exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles. The former can act as mediators between cancer, stromal and immune cells and thereby influence the tumour microenvironment by the delivery of their molecular cargo. In this study, the contribution of extracellular vesicles including exosomes to the biology, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma was catalogued, summarised and discussed. The understanding of these processes may facilitate the in-depth dissection of the complexity of neuroblastoma biology, mechanisms of regression or progression, and potential diagnostic and treatment options for this paediatric cancer which will ultimately improve the quality of life of neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Site, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Tala Ishola
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
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22
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu S, Ge S. Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898394. [PMID: 36092710 PMCID: PMC9454000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the preferred seed cells for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, MSC transplantation remains questionable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are becoming a promising substitute for MSCs. As a route of the MSC paracrine, EVs have a nano-sized and bilayer lipid-enclosed structure, which can guarantee the integrity of their cargoes, but EVs cannot obtain full function in vivo because of the rapid biodegradation and clearance by phagocytosis. To improve the efficacy and targeting of EVs, methods have been proposed and put into practice, especially engineered vesicles and EV-controlled release systems. In particular, EVs can be cell or tissue targeting because they have cell-specific ligands on their surfaces, but their targeting ability may be eliminated by the biodegradation of the phagocytic system during circulation. Novel application strategies have been proposed beyond direct injecting. EV carriers such as biodegradable hydrogels and other loading systems have been applied in tissue regeneration, and EV engineering is also a brand-new method for higher efficacy. In this review, we distinctively summarize EV engineering and loading system construction methods, emphasizing targeting modification methods and controlled release systems for EVs, which few literature reviews have involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohua Ge,
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23
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Chung HY, Bian Y, Lim KM, Kim BS, Choi SH. MARTX toxin of Vibrio vulnificus induces RBC phosphatidylserine exposure that can contribute to thrombosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4846. [PMID: 35978022 PMCID: PMC9385741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
V. vulnificus-infected patients suffer from hemolytic anemia and circulatory lesions, often accompanied by venous thrombosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with V. vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, V. vulnificus infection at the sub-hemolytic level induced shape change of human red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by phosphatidylserine exposure, and microvesicle generation, leading to the procoagulant activation of RBCs and ultimately, acquisition of prothrombotic activity. Of note, V. vulnificus exposed to RBCs substantially upregulated the rtxA gene encoding multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin. Mutant studies showed that V. vulnificus-induced RBC procoagulant activity was due to the pore forming region of the MARTX toxin causing intracellular Ca2+ influx in RBCs. In a rat venous thrombosis model triggered by tissue factor and stasis, the V. vulnificus wild type increased thrombosis while the ΔrtxA mutant failed to increase thrombosis, confirming that V. vulnificus induces thrombosis through the procoagulant activation of RBCs via the mediation of the MARTX toxin. The pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with Vibrio vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. In this work, the authors investigate this association, focusing on effects of the pore-forming MARTX toxin of V. vulnificus on red blood cells, and the utilisation of a rat venous thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Chung
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiying Bian
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152345. [PMID: 35954189 PMCID: PMC9367292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk of diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, otitis media, and in later life, less risk of chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated by antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and leukocytes. More recently, human milk extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs and proteins, that may transmit information from the mother to promote infant growth and development. Maternal health conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes hMEV biogenesis and functional contents, reviews the functional evidence of hMEVs in the maternal–infant health relationship, and discusses challenges and opportunities in hMEV research.
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25
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Vimonpatranon S, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Lekmanee K, Atipimonpat A, Srimark N, Sukapirom K, Chotivanich K, Khowawisetsut L, Pattanapanyasat K. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Early and Late Stage Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells Contain Invasion-Associated Proteins. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144250. [PMID: 35888014 PMCID: PMC9318397 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In infectious diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a pathogen or pathogen-infected cells can transfer pathogen-derived biomolecules, especially proteins, to target cells and consequently regulate these target cells. For example, malaria is an important tropical infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp. Previous studies have identified the roles of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cell-derived EVs (Pf-EVs) in the pathogenesis, activation, and modulation of host immune responses. This study investigated the proteomic profiles of Pf-EVs isolated from four P. falciparum strains. We also compared the proteomes of EVs from (i) different EV types (microvesicles and exosomes) and (ii) different parasite growth stages (early- and late-stage). The proteomic analyses revealed that the human proteins carried in the Pf-EVs were specific to the type of Pf-EVs. By contrast, most of the P. falciparum proteins carried in Pf-EVs were common across all types of Pf-EVs. As the proteomics results revealed that Pf-EVs contained invasion-associated proteins, the effect of Pf-EVs on parasite invasion was also investigated. Surprisingly, the attenuation of parasite invasion efficiency was found with the addition of Pf-MVs. Moreover, this effect was markedly increased in culture-adapted isolates compared with laboratory reference strains. Our evidence supports the concept that Pf-EVs play a role in quorum sensing, which leads to parasite growth-density regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Kittima Lekmanee
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Anyapat Atipimonpat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Narinee Srimark
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kasama Sukapirom
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +66-2419-6477 (L.K. & K.P.)
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +66-2419-6477 (L.K. & K.P.)
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26
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Red Blood Cell Inspired Strategies for Drug Delivery: Emerging Concepts and New Advances. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2673-2698. [PMID: 35794397 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the past five decades, red blood cells (RBCs) have been extensively explored as drug delivery systems due to their distinguishing potential in modulating the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and biological activity of carried payloads. The extensive interests in RBC-mediated drug delivery technologies are in part derived from RBCs' unique biological features such as long circulation time, wide access to many tissues in the body, and low immunogenicity. Owing to these outstanding properties, a large body of efforts have led to the development of various RBC-inspired strategies to enable precise drug delivery with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced off-target toxicity. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts and new advances in such RBC-inspired strategies, including native RBCs, ghost RBCs, RBC-mimetic nanoparticles, and RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, for drug delivery.
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27
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Panachan J, Rojsirikulchai N, Pongsakul N, Khowawisetsut L, Pongphitcha P, Siriboonpiputtana T, Chareonsirisuthigul T, Phornsarayuth P, Klinkulab N, Jinawath N, Chiangjong W, Anurathapan U, Pattanapanyasat K, Hongeng S, Chutipongtanate S. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Method for Detecting MYCN Amplification Status of Pediatric Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112627. [PMID: 35681607 PMCID: PMC9179557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MYCN gene amplification, the strongest prognostic marker of aggressive neuroblastoma, is detected on invasive biopsy tissues. This study aimed to establish a less invasive method to detect MYCN status based on MYCN mRNA contents in large extracellular vesicles or microvesicles. MYCN mRNA-containing microvesicles were detectable in three distinct MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines but absent in three neuroblastoma cells with MYCN-non-amplification. The feasibility of this EV-based workflow was successfully demonstrated by using the simulated samples (prepared by pulsing neuroblastoma MVs into the normal human serum) and bone marrow plasma specimens obtained from nine patients at various disease stages. Taken together, this study established the novel EV-based method for detecting MYCN status in pediatric neuroblastoma. Abstract MYCN amplification is the strongest predictor of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). The standard procedure to detect MYCN status requires invasive procedures. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain molecular signatures of originated cells, present in biofluids, and serve as an invaluable source for cancer liquid biopsies. This study aimed to establish an EV-based method to detect the MYCN status of NB. Two EV subtypes, i.e., microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, were sequentially isolated from the culture supernatant by step-wise centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and size-exclusion chromatography. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect MYCN mRNA. As a result, MYCN mRNA was detectable in the MVs, but not exosomes, of MYCN-amplified NB cells. MYCN mRNA-containing MVs (MYCN-MV) were successfully detected in three distinct MYCN-amplified NB cell lines but absent in three MYCN non-amplification cells. The simulated samples were prepared by pulsing MVs into human serum. MYCN–MV detection in the simulated samples showed a less interfering effect from the human blood matrix. Validation using clinical specimens (2 mL bone marrow plasma) obtained from patients at various disease stages showed a promising result. Five out of six specimens of MYCN-amplified patients showed positive results, while there were no false positives in four plasma samples of the MYCN non-amplification group. This study communicated a novel EV-based method for detecting the MYCN status of pediatric NB based on MYCN mRNA contents in MVs. Future studies should be pursued in a prospective cohort to determine its true diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirawan Panachan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (P.P.); (U.A.)
| | - Napat Rojsirikulchai
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Nutkridta Pongsakul
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Pongpak Pongphitcha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (P.P.); (U.A.)
| | - Teerapong Siriboonpiputtana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.C.); (P.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Takol Chareonsirisuthigul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.C.); (P.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Pitichai Phornsarayuth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.C.); (P.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Nisakorn Klinkulab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.S.); (T.C.); (P.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (P.P.); (U.A.)
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Center of Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (P.P.); (U.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.); or (S.C.)
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.P.); (W.C.)
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.); or (S.C.)
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