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Liu Y, Lu T, Li C, Wang X, Chen F, Yue L, Jiang C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E identifying potential IFN/ISGs targets for inhibiting virus replication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267903. [PMID: 38143441 PMCID: PMC10739311 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since its outbreak in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly across the world, posing significant threats and challenges to global public health. SARS-CoV-2, together with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that contributes to fatal pneumonia. Understanding the similarities and differences at the transcriptome level between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, as well as MERS-CoV is critical for developing effective strategies against these viruses. Methods In this article, we comparatively analyzed publicly available transcriptome data of human cell lines infected with highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and lowly pathogenic HCoV-229E. The host gene expression profiles during human coronavirus (HCoV) infections were generated, and the pathways and biological functions involved in immune responses, antiviral efficacy, and organ damage were intensively elucidated. Results Our results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 induced a stronger immune response versus the other two highly pathogenic HCoVs. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 induced robust type I and type III IFN responses, marked by higher upregulation of type I and type III IFNs, as well as numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed the important role of ISGs for impeding SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the interferon/ISGs could be potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, our results uncovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to an enhanced risk of multi-organ toxicity in contrast to the other two highly pathogenic HCoVs. Discussion These findings provided valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, which showed a similar pathological feature but a lower fatality rate compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Manole C, Baroiu L, Nechita A, Voinescu DC, Ciubara A, Debita M, Tatu AL, Ciubara AB, Stefanopol IA, Anghel L, Nechifor A, Firescu D. Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Severity of COVID-19 of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients in Southeastern Romania in the First 6 Months of 2022, during the Omicron Wave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2184. [PMID: 37570424 PMCID: PMC10418776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The pandemic wave produced by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron was characterized by milder clinical forms and high contagiousness. The vaccination rate against COVID-19 in Romania was approximately 42%. (2) Objectives: Comparison of the clinical severity in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated ones. (3) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on a group of 699 adult patients confirmed with COVID-19 who presented in the "Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva" Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital of Galati, Romania, between 1 January 2022 and 30 June 2022. The study compared the need for hospitalization, reinfections, demographic and comorbidity data, clinical and paraclinical parameters from the initial evaluation, and the ratio of unfavorable developments on subgroups chosen according to the vaccination status. (4) Results and Conclusions: Our study reveals that unvaccinated patients required hospitalization in 54.68% of cases, while fully vaccinated patients had a hospitalization rate of 40.72%, which was significantly lower than that of the unvaccinated group (p = 0.01); patients who received a booster dose had a hospitalization rate of 27.84% (p < 0.01, significantly lower than unvaccinated individuals; p = 0.01, significantly lower than fully vaccinated individuals); and among the four patients who received four doses, none required hospitalization. From the analysis of the two subgroups of hospitalized patients, we observed a significantly higher prevalence of radiological lesions, such as pulmonary opacities in the group of unvaccinated patients and a higher average duration of hospitalization, and serum values of D-dimers and blood-sugar at admission were significantly higher in unvaccinated patients. The higher presence of these parameters, which are indicators of severe progression in clinical studies, in the group of unvaccinated patients suggests the need to include them in the initial evaluation of the unvaccinated patients with COVID-19.The cumulative share of deaths and transfers in the ICU was higher in the group of unvaccinated patients, but the difference between the groups had no statistical significance. This study draws attention to the possibility of severe clinical forms among both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, especially in the elderly and in patients with multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Manole
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Liliana Baroiu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania;
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania;
| | - Doina Carina Voinescu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Anamaria Ciubara
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Psychiatric Hospital, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Debita
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania;
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania;
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
- Clinical Surgical Department, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Stefanopol
- ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania;
- Clinical Surgical Department, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Lucreția Anghel
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Alexandru Nechifor
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (C.M.); (A.N.); (D.C.V.); (A.C.); (A.L.T.); (L.A.); (A.N.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Dorel Firescu
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (A.B.C.); (D.F.)
- Clinical Surgical Department, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
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Arabi M, Al-Najjar Y, Sharma O, Kamal I, Javed A, Gohil HS, Paul P, Al-Khalifa AM, Laws S, Zakaria D. Role of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in protecting against omicron reinfections and severe complications of COVID-19 compared to pre-omicron variants: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:432. [PMID: 37365490 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus elicited a major public concern worldwide since December 2019 due to the high number of infections and deaths caused by COVID-19. The Omicron variant was detected in October 2021 which evolved from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and was found to possess many mutations. Omicron exhibited high transmissibility and immune evasion as well as reduced severity when compared to the earlier variants. Although vaccinated individuals were largely protected against infections in previous waves, the high prevalence of both reinfections and breakthrough infections with Omicron was observed. The aim of this review is to understand the effectiveness of previous infection on subsequent reinfection, given its significance in driving public health policy, including vaccination prioritization and lockdown requirements. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using several databases to target studies reporting data related to the effectiveness of the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in protecting against the Omicron variant. Screening of the studies, quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers for each study. RESULTS Only 27 studies met our inclusion criteria. It was observed that previous infection was less effective in preventing reinfections with the Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant irrespective of vaccination status. Furthermore, being fully vaccinated with a booster dose provided additional protection from the Omicron variant. Additionally, most infections caused by Omicron were asymptomatic or mild and rarely resulted in hospitalizations or death in comparison to the Delta wave. CONCLUSION A majority of the studies reached a consensus that although previous infection provides some degree of immunity against Omicron reinfection, it is much lower in comparison to Delta. Full vaccination with two doses was more protective against Delta than Omicron. Receiving a booster dose provided additional protection against Omicron. It is therefore clear that neither vaccination nor previous infection alone provide optimal protection; hybrid immunity has shown the best results in terms of protecting against either Omicron or Delta variants. However, additional research is needed to quantify how long immunity from vaccination versus previous infection lasts and whether individuals will benefit from variant-specific vaccinations to enhance protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Arabi
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Al-Najjar
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omna Sharma
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibtihal Kamal
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aimen Javed
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harsh S Gohil
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aljazi M Al-Khalifa
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sa'ad Laws
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dalia Zakaria
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Al Luqta St. Ar-Rayyan, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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von Bartheld CS, Wang L. Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction with the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2022.12.16.22283582. [PMID: 36561176 PMCID: PMC9774228 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.16.22283582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The omicron variant is thought to cause less olfactory dysfunction than previous variants of SARS-CoV-2, but the reported prevalence differs greatly between populations and studies. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provide information about regional differences in prevalence as well as an estimate of the global prevalence of olfactory dysfunction based on 62 studies reporting on 626,035 patients infected with the omicron variant. Our estimate of the omicron-induced prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in populations of European ancestry is 11.7%, while it is significantly lower in all other populations, ranging between 1.9% and 4.9%. When ethnic differences and population sizes are taken into account, the global prevalence of omicron-induced olfactory dysfunction in adults is estimated at 3.7%. Omicron’s effect on olfaction is twofold to tenfold lower than that of the alpha or delta variant, according to previous meta-analyses and our analysis of studies that directly compared prevalence of olfactory dysfunction between omicron and previous variants. The profile of prevalence differences between ethnicities mirrors the results of a recent genome-wide association study that implicated a gene locus encoding an odorant-metabolizing enzyme, UDP glycosyltransferase, to be linked to the extent of COVID-related loss of smell. Our analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme contributes to the observed population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. von Bartheld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557-0352, United States
| | - Lingchen Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557-0275, United States
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