1
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Gunes A, Estall JL. Is MASLD lost in translation in mice? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:459-461. [PMID: 38599902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Lack of preclinical model translation is often blamed for failed drug development. Here we discuss mouse models within the context of human steatotic liver disease (SLD). Variables such as aging and non-food hepatic stressors are often ignored but could explain challenges in reproducing the human disease in a laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysim Gunes
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Song MS, Lee DK, Lee CY, Park SC, Yang J. Host Subcellular Organelles: Targets of Viral Manipulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1638. [PMID: 38338917 PMCID: PMC10855258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate host cell processes and utilize intracellular organelles to facilitate their replication. These complex interactions between viruses and cellular organelles allow them to hijack the cellular machinery and impair homeostasis. Moreover, viral infection alters the cell membrane's structure and composition and induces vesicle formation to facilitate intracellular trafficking of viral components. However, the research focus has predominantly been on the immune response elicited by viruses, often overlooking the significant alterations that viruses induce in cellular organelles. Gaining a deeper understanding of these virus-induced cellular changes is crucial for elucidating the full life cycle of viruses and developing potent antiviral therapies. Exploring virus-induced cellular changes could substantially improve our understanding of viral infection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Song
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Park
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liou JW, Mani H, Yen JH. Viral Hepatitis, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Cholesterol-Lowering Natural Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073897. [PMID: 35409259 PMCID: PMC8999150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver; it can be acute or chronic. In chronic cases, the prolonged inflammation gradually damages the liver, resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and sometimes liver failure or cancer. Hepatitis is often caused by viral infections. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five hepatitis viruses—hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). While HAV and HEV rarely (or do not) cause chronic hepatitis, a considerable proportion of acute hepatitis cases caused by HBV (sometimes co-infected with HDV) and HCV infections become chronic. Thus, many medical researchers have focused on the treatment of HBV and HCV. It has been documented that host lipid metabolism, particularly cholesterol metabolism, is required for the hepatitis viral infection and life cycle. Thus, manipulating host cholesterol metabolism-related genes and proteins is a strategy used in fighting the viral infections. Efforts have been made to evaluate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering drugs, particularly 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, in the treatment of hepatitis viral infections; promising results have been obtained. This review provides information on the relationships between hepatitis viruses and host cholesterol metabolism/homeostasis, as well as the discovery/development of cholesterol-lowering natural phytochemicals that could potentially be applied in the treatment of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Hemalatha Mani
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-3-856-5301 (ext. 2683)
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4
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Li G, Su B, Fu P, Bai Y, Ding G, Li D, Wang J, Yang G, Chu B. NPC1-regulated dynamic of clathrin-coated pits is essential for viral entry. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:341-361. [PMID: 34047913 PMCID: PMC8160554 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viruses utilize cellular lipids and manipulate host lipid metabolism to ensure their replication and spread. Therefore, the identification of lipids and metabolic pathways that are suitable targets for antiviral development is crucial. Using a library of compounds targeting host lipid metabolic factors and testing them for their ability to block pseudorabies virus (PRV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, we found that U18666A, a specific inhibitor of Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), is highly potent in suppressing the entry of diverse viruses including pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). NPC1 deficiency markedly attenuates viral growth by decreasing cholesterol abundance in the plasma membrane, thereby inhibiting the dynamics of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), which are indispensable for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Significantly, exogenous cholesterol can complement the dynamics of CCPs, leading to efficient viral entry and infectivity. Administration of U18666A improves the survival and pathology of PRV- and influenza A virus-infected mice. Thus, our studies demonstrate a unique mechanism by which NPC1 inhibition achieves broad antiviral activity, indicating a potential new therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2, as well as other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bingqian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guangxu Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dahua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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5
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Santana MS, Lopes R, Peron IH, Cruz CR, Gaspar AM, Costa PI. Natural Bioactive Compounds as Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatitis C Infection. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201009152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health burden, which
causes acute or chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis C is generally asymptomatic and progresses to
cure, while persistent infection can progress to chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations.
Standard treatment is expensive, poorly tolerated, and has variable sustained virologic responses
amongst the different viral genotypes. New therapies involve direct acting antivirals; however,
it is also very expensive and may not be accessible for all patients worldwide. In order to provide
a complementary approach to the already existing therapies, natural bioactive compounds are
investigated as to their several biologic activities, such as direct antiviral properties against hepatitis
C, and effects on mitigating chronic progression of the disease, which include hepatoprotective,
antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities; additionally, these compounds present
advantages, as chemical diversity, low cost of production and milder or inexistent side effects.
Objective:
To present a broad perspective on hepatitis C infection, the chronic disease, and natural
compounds with promising anti-HCV activity. Methods: This review consists of a systematic review
study about the natural bioactive compounds as a potential therapy for hepatitis C infection.
Results:
The quest for natural products has yielded compounds with biologic activity, including viral
replication inhibition in vitro, demonstrating antiviral activity against hepatitis C.
Conclusion:
One of the greatest advantages of using natural molecules from plant extracts is the
low cost of production, not requiring chemical synthesis, which can lead to less expensive therapies
available to low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moema S. Santana
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Rute Lopes
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela H. Peron
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Cruz
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M.M. Gaspar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo I. Costa
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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6
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D'souza S, Lau KCK, Coffin CS, Patel TR. Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5759-5783. [PMID: 33132633 PMCID: PMC7579760 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i38.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of all primary liver cancers. Solid tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and management. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the greatest etiological risk factors for HCC. Due to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development, it is important to investigate direct (viral associated) and indirect (immune-associated) mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Common mechanisms used by HBV, HCV, and HDV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response, immune and viral protein-mediated oxidative stress, and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral proteins. DNA integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HBV infection, and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV infection. The current review aims to provide a brief overview of HBV, HCV and HDV molecular biology, and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC, and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmone D'souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Keith CK Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K3M4, AB, Canada
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7
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A Small Molecule, 4-Phenylbutyric Acid, Suppresses HCV Replication via Epigenetically Induced Hepatic Hepcidin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155516. [PMID: 32752233 PMCID: PMC7432483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic hepcidin is a well-known major iron regulator and has been reported to be closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. However, pharmacological targeting of the hepcidin in HCV replication has not been reported. A short-chain fatty acid, 4-Phenyl butyrate (4-PBA), is an acid chemical chaperone that acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) to promote chromosomal histone acetylation. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of 4-PBA on hepcidin expression and HCV replication. We used HCV genotype 1b Huh 7.5-Con1 replicon cells and engraftment of NOD/SCID mice as in vitro and in vivo models to test the effect of 4-PBA. It was found that 4-PBA inhibited HCV replication in Huh7.5-Con1 replicon cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner through the induction of hepcidin expression by epigenetic modification and subsequent upregulation of interferon-α signaling. HCV formed a membranous web composed of double-membrane vesicles and was utilized for RNA replication. Moreover, 4-PBA also disrupted the integrity of the membranous web and interfered with the molecular interactions critical for the assembly of the HCV replication complex. These findings suggest that 4-PBA is a key epigenetic inducer of anti-HCV hepatic hepcidin and might at least in part play a role in targeting host factors related to HCV infection as an attractive complement to current HCV therapies.
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8
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Shady NH, Khattab AR, Ahmed S, Liu M, Quinn RJ, Fouad MA, Kamel MS, Muhsinah AB, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Abdelmohsen UR. Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease and Helicase Inhibitors from Red Sea Sponge ( Amphimedon) Species in Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Assisted by in Silico Modeling and Metabolic Profiling. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3377-3389. [PMID: 32494136 PMCID: PMC7231760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s233766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatic diseases all over the world. This necessitates the need to discover novel anti-HCV drugs to overcome emerging drug resistance and liver complications. Purpose Total extract and petroleum ether fraction of the marine sponge (Amphimedon spp.) were used for silver nanoparticle (SNP) synthesis to explore their HCV NS3 helicase- and protease-inhibitory potential. Methods Characterization of the prepared SNPs was carried out with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The metabolomic profile of different Amphimedon fractions was assessed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Fourteen known compounds were isolated and their HCV helicase and protease activities assessed using in silico modeling of their interaction with both HCV protease and helicase enzymes to reveal their anti-HCV mechanism of action. In vitro anti-HCV activity against HCV NS3 helicase and protease was then conducted to validate the computation results and compared to that of the SNPs. Results Transmission electron–microscopy analysis of NPs prepared from Amphimedon total extract and petroleum ether revealed particle sizes of 8.22–14.30 nm and 8.22–9.97 nm, and absorption bands at λmax of 450 and 415 nm, respectively. Metabolomic profiling revealed the richness of Amphimedon spp. with different phytochemical classes. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the isolation of 14 known compounds with anti-HCV activity, initially revealed by docking studies. In vitro anti–HCV NS3 helicase and protease assays of both isolated compounds and NPs further confirmed the computational results. Conclusion Our findings indicate that Amphimedon, total extract, petroleum ether fraction, and derived NPs are promising biosources for providing anti-HCV drug candidates, with nakinadine B and 3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxymanzamine A the most potent anti-HCV agents, possessing good oral bioavailability and penetration power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Safwat Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Mostafa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus Krischke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, Minia 61111, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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9
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Sharafi H, Ghalamkari S, Hassanshahi A, Alavian SM. Pooled Prevalence of NS5A Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Chronic HCV Genotype 3 Infection: A Study Based on Deposited Sequences in GenBank. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1072-1079. [PMID: 31021305 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in a high treatment response rate. However, several factors can significantly alter this outcome such as resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in HCV NS5A gene. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of naturally occurring RASs of NS5A in HCV genotype 3 (HCV-3) sequences isolated from individuals with chronic HCV-3 infection. All the registered sequences in the GenBank under "NS5A" AND "Hepacivirus C" query were evaluated and screened, those which followed our inclusion criteria were enrolled in our pooled analysis. The retrieved sequences of included studies were evaluated for substitutions, RASs, and RASs conferring >100 resistance fold change (RASs >100 × ) in NS5A amino acid positions 24, 28, 30, 31, 62, 92, and 93. From 7 enrolled studies, a total of 370 HCV-3a isolates were retrieved and investigated. Forty-eight (13.0%, 95% CI = 9.9-16.8%) isolates harbored NS5A RASs. Moreover, Y93H was the only NS5A RAS >100 × observed in 13 (3.5%, 95% CI = 2.0-5.9%) retrieved sequences. The low frequency of naturally occurring NS5A RASs, especially those with clinical relevance (RASs >100 × ), among individuals with HCV-3 infection and the high rate of treatment response to DAAs suggest not to investigate every individual with HCV-3 infection for NS5A RASs before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saman Ghalamkari
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Hassanshahi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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10
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Zhang Y, Peng X, Ren H, Chu H, Li Y, Li G. Cholesterol modulating the orientation of His17 in hepatitis C virus p7 (5a) viroporin – A molecular dynamic simulation study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Morozov VA, Lagaye S. Hepatitis C virus: Morphogenesis, infection and therapy. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:186-212. [PMID: 29527256 PMCID: PMC5838439 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 3% of the world population is infected with HCV. Thus, HCV infection is considered a public healthy challenge. It is worth mentioning, that the HCV prevalence is dependent on the countries with infection rates around 20% in high endemic countries. The review summarizes recent data on HCV molecular biology, the physiopathology of infection (immune-mediated liver damage, liver fibrosis and lipid metabolism), virus diagnostic and treatment. In addition, currently available in vitro, ex vivo and animal models to study the virus life cycle, virus pathogenesis and therapy are described. Understanding of both host and viral factors may in the future lead to creation of new approaches in generation of an efficient therapeutic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Alexei Morozov
- Center for HIV and Retrovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lagaye
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France
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12
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Manee N, Thongbaiphet N, Pasomsub E, Chantratita W. Clinical evaluation of a newly developed automated massively parallel sequencing assay for hepatitis C virus genotyping and detection of resistance-association variants. Comparison with a line probe assay. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:31-37. [PMID: 28851606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, HCV was classified into 6 major genotypes (GTs) and 67 subtypes (STs). Efficient genotyping has become an essential tool for prognosis and indicating suitable treatment, prior to starting therapy in all HCV-infected individuals. The widely used genotyping assays have limitation with regard to genotype accuracy. This study was a comparative evaluation of exact HCV genotyping in a newly developed automated-massively parallel sequencing (MPS) system, versus the established Line probe assay 2.0 (LiPA), substantiated by Sanger sequencing, using 120 previously identified-HCV RNA positive specimens. LiPA gave identical genotypes in the majority of samples tested with MPS. However, as much as 25% of LiPA did not identify subtypes, whereas MPS did, and 0.83% of results were incompatible. Interestingly, only MPS could identify mixed infections in the remaining cases (1.67%). In addition, MPS could detect Resistance-Associated Variants (RAVs) simultaneously in GT1 in 56.82% of the specimens, which were known to affect drug resistance in the HCV NS3/NS4A and NS5A genomic regions. MPS can thus be deemed beneficial for guiding decisions on HCV therapy and saving costs in the long term when compared to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narathon Manee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nipa Thongbaiphet
- Virology Laboratory and Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Virology Laboratory and Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Virology Laboratory and Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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13
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Moriishi K. The potential of signal peptide peptidase as a therapeutic target for hepatitis C. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:827-836. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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14
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Okamoto T. [Signal peptide peptidase participates in propagation and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus]. Uirusu 2017; 67:49-58. [PMID: 29593153 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.67.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus and causes chronic infection leading to development of steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, molecular mechanisms of induction of liver diseases by HCV infection are still unclear. This review focuses on thevirological significance of processing of HCV core protein by signal peptide peptidase in propagation and pathogenesis of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
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15
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Wang S, Chen Y, Li C, Wu Y, Guo L, Peng C, Huang Y, Cheng G, Qin FXF. TRIM14 inhibits hepatitis C virus infection by SPRY domain-dependent targeted degradation of the viral NS5A protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32336. [PMID: 27578425 PMCID: PMC5006124 DOI: 10.1038/srep32336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif 14 (TRIM14) was reported to function as a mitochondrial signaling adaptor in mediating innate immune responses. However, the involvement of TRIM14 in host defense against viral infection and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that enforced expression of TRIM14 could potently inhibit the infection and replication of HCV in hepatocytes, whereas TRIM14 knockout cells became more susceptible to HCV infection. Interestingly, further experiments revealed that such anti-HCV activity was independent of activating the NF-κB or interferon pathways but required the C-terminal SPRY domain of no signaling capacity. In searching for mechanisms how TRIM14 exerts its antiviral function we found that TRIM14 interacted with HCV encoded non-structural protein NS5A and could strongly induce its degradation dependent on the NS5A1 subdomain. Interestingly extensive domain mapping analyses revealed that NS5A degradation was mediated by the highly conserved SPRY domain of TRIM14, which might involve the K48 ubiquitination pathway. Collectively, our work uncovered a new mechanism responsible for host defense against HCV infection, and could potentially aid the development of novel anti-HCV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Changwei Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yueping Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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16
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Hepatitis C virus p7 mediates membrane-to-membrane adhesion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1096-1101. [PMID: 27320856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viroporin p7 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) acts as an ion channel for pH equilibration to stabilize HCV particles; most studies of p7 have focused on this role. However, pH equilibration by p7 via its ion channel activity does not fully explain the importance of p7 in HCV particle production. Indeed, several researchers have suggested p7 to have an unidentified ion channel-independent function. Here, we show that p7 has a novel role as a lipid raft adhesion factor, which is independent of its ion channel activity. We found that p7 targets not only the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase, but also the negatively-charged liquid-ordered (Lo) phase that can be represented as a lipid raft. p7 clusters at the phase boundary of the neutral Ld phase and the negatively-charged Lo phase. Interestingly, p7 targeting the Lo phase facilitates membrane-to-membrane adhesion, and this activity is not inhibited by p7 ion channel inhibitors. Our results demonstrated that HCV p7 has dual roles as a viroporin and as a lipid raft adhesion factor. This ion channel-independent function of p7 might be an attractive target for development of anti-HCV compounds.
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Trémeaux P, Caporossi A, Thélu MA, Blum M, Leroy V, Morand P, Larrat S. Hepatitis C virus whole genome sequencing: Current methods/issues and future challenges. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:341-51. [PMID: 27068766 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2016.1163663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapy for hepatitis C is currently undergoing a revolution. The arrival of new antiviral agents targeting viral proteins reinforces the need for a better knowledge of the viral strains infecting each patient. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) whole genome sequencing provides essential information for precise typing, study of the viral natural history or identification of resistance-associated variants. First performed with Sanger sequencing, the arrival of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has simplified the technical process and provided more detailed data on the nature and evolution of viral quasi-species. We will review the different techniques used for HCV complete genome sequencing and their applications, both before and after the apparition of NGS. The progress brought by new and future technologies will also be discussed, as well as the remaining difficulties, largely due to the genomic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trémeaux
- a Laboratoire de Virologie , Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France .,b Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), UMR 5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA , Grenoble , France
| | - Alban Caporossi
- c Centre d'investigation clinique, Santé publique, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France .,d Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG , Université de Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France , and
| | - Marie-Ange Thélu
- e Clinique d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Michael Blum
- d Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG , Université de Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France , and
| | - Vincent Leroy
- e Clinique d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Patrice Morand
- a Laboratoire de Virologie , Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France .,b Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), UMR 5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA , Grenoble , France
| | - Sylvie Larrat
- a Laboratoire de Virologie , Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble , France .,b Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), UMR 5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA , Grenoble , France
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18
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Kasai H, Kawakami K, Yokoe H, Yoshimura K, Matsuda M, Yasumoto J, Maekawa S, Yamashita A, Tanaka T, Ikeda M, Kato N, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Sakamoto N, Enomoto N, Takeda S, Fujii H, Tsubuki M, Kusunoki M, Moriishi K. Involvement of FKBP6 in hepatitis C virus replication. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16699. [PMID: 26567527 PMCID: PMC4644952 DOI: 10.1038/srep16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone system is known to be exploited by viruses for their replication. In the present study, we identified the cochaperone FKBP6 as a host factor required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. FKBP6 is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase with three domains of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), but lacks FK-506 binding ability. FKBP6 interacted with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and also formed a complex with FKBP6 itself or FKBP8, which is known to be critical for HCV replication. The Val121 of NS5A and TPR domains of FKBP6 were responsible for the interaction between NS5A and FKBP6. FKBP6 was colocalized with NS5A, FKBP8, and double-stranded RNA in HCV-infected cells. HCV replication was completely suppressed in FKBP6-knockout hepatoma cell lines, while the expression of FKBP6 restored HCV replication in FKBP6-knockout cells. A treatment with the FKBP8 inhibitor N-(N′, N′-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide impaired the formation of a homo- or hetero-complex consisting of FKBP6 and/or FKBP8, and suppressed HCV replication. HCV infection promoted the expression of FKBP6, but not that of FKBP8, in cultured cells and human liver tissue. These results indicate that FKBP6 is an HCV-induced host factor that supports viral replication in cooperation with NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawakami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuda
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Kusunoki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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19
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Lendvai G, Jármay K, Karácsony G, Halász T, Kovalszky I, Baghy K, Wittmann T, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Elevated miR-33a and miR-224 in steatotic chronic hepatitis C liver biopsies. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15343-15350. [PMID: 25386083 PMCID: PMC4223268 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i41.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the expression of selected microRNAs (miRNA) in hepatitis C, steatotic hepatitis C, noninfected steatotic and normal liver tissues.
METHODS: The relative expression levels of miR-21, miR-33a, miR-96, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-221 and miR-224 were determined in 76 RNA samples isolated from 18 non-steatotic and 28 steatotic chronic hepatitis C (CHC and CHC-Steatosis, respectively) cases, 18 non-infected, steatotic liver biopsies of metabolic origin (Steatosis) and 12 normal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissues using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. All CHC biopsy samples were obtained prior to initiating therapy. Patients’ serum biochemical values, which included glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), were obtained and correlated with relative miRNA expression.
RESULTS: When compared with control non-infected liver samples, miR-122 and miR-221 levels were reduced in CHC-Steatosis (P < 0.03) and in CHC, CHC-Steatosis and Steatosis (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the expression of miR-33a and miR-224 were elevated in CHC-Steatosis and Steatosis in comparison to control tissue (P < 0.01). The levels of miR-33a and miR-224 in CHC-Steatosis (P < 0.02) and miR-224 in Steatosis (P < 0.001) were increased in comparison to CHC samples. By contrast, the expression of miR-21 did not differ statistically between diseased and normal liver samples. Levels of miR-33a correlated negatively with serum AST and AP levels in Steatosis as well as with necroinflammatory grade in CHC, whereas miR-21 correlated positively with AST in Steatosis and displayed negative correlation with triglyceride level in CHC-Steatosis. In contrast, miRNA levels were not correlated with ALT, GGT, cholesterol levels or fibrosis stage.
CONCLUSION: Differences in miRNA expression were observed between CHC and steatotic CHC, CHC and steatotic liver, but not between steatotic CHC and steatotic liver of metabolic origin.
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B-cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins. Blood 2014; 123:1512-5. [PMID: 24449209 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-532895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been implicated in the induction and maintenance of B-cell lymphomas. The strongest evidence for this derives from clinical observations of tumor regressions upon antiviral treatments. Here we used multiple methods to test the hypothesis that the expansion of HCV-specific B cells gives rise to lymphomas. We obtained lymphoma tissues from HCV-infected lymphoma patients, including some that later regressed upon antiviral treatments. We expressed the lymphoma B-cell receptors as soluble immunoglobulin Gs and membrane IgMs, and analyzed their reactivity with HCV proteins and with HCV virions. We confirmed previous reports that HCV-associated lymphomas use a restricted immunoglobulin variable region gene repertoire. However, we found no evidence for their binding to the HCV antigens. We conclude that most lymphomas of HCV-infected patients do not arise from B cells aimed at eliminating the virus.
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21
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Hepatitis C virus modulates lipid regulatory factor Angiopoietin-like 3 gene expression by repressing HNF-1α activity. J Hepatol 2014; 60:30-8. [PMID: 23978712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS HCV relies on host lipid metabolism to complete its life cycle and HCV core is crucial to this interaction. Liver secreted ANGPTL-3 is an LXR- and HNF-1α-regulated protein, which plays a key role in lipid metabolism by increasing plasma lipids via inhibition of lipase enzymes. Here we aimed to investigate the modulation of ANGPTL-3 by HCV core and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to assess ANGPTL-3 mRNA and protein levels in HCV patients, the JFH-1 infectious system and liver cell lines. Transfections, chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence delineated parts of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the core-mediated regulation of ANGPTL-3 gene expression. RESULTS ANGPTL-3 gene expression was decreased in HCV-infected patients and the JFH-1 infectious system. mRNA and promoter activity levels were down-regulated by core. The response was lost when an HNF-1α element in ANGPTL-3 promoter was mutated, while loss of HNF-1α DNA binding to this site was recorded in the presence of HCV core. HNF-1α mRNA and protein levels were not altered by core. However, trafficking between nucleus and cytoplasm was observed and then blocked by an inhibitor of the HNF-1α-specific kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B. Transactivation of LXR/RXR signalling could not restore core-mediated down-regulation of ANGPTL-3 promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS ANGPTL-3 is negatively regulated by HCV in vivo and in vitro. HCV core represses ANGPTL-3 expression through loss of HNF-1α binding activity and blockage of LXR/RXR transactivation. The putative ensuing increase in serum lipid clearance and uptake by the liver may sustain HCV virus replication and persistence.
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Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivatives on replication of hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82299. [PMID: 24358168 PMCID: PMC3866116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been reported as a multifunctional compound. In this report, we tested the effect of CAPE and its derivatives on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in order to develop an effective anti-HCV compound. CAPE and CAPE derivatives exhibited anti-HCV activity against an HCV replicon cell line of genotype 1b with EC50 values in a range from 1.0 to 109.6 µM. Analyses of chemical structure and antiviral activity suggested that the length of the n-alkyl side chain and catechol moiety are responsible for the anti-HCV activity of these compounds. Caffeic acid n-octyl ester exhibited the highest anti-HCV activity among the tested derivatives with an EC50 value of 1.0 µM and an SI value of 63.1 by using the replicon cell line derived from genotype 1b strain Con1. Treatment with caffeic acid n-octyl ester inhibited HCV replication of genotype 2a at a similar level to that of genotype 1b irrespectively of interferon signaling. Caffeic acid n-octyl ester could synergistically enhance the anti-HCV activities of interferon-alpha 2b, daclatasvir, and VX-222, but neither telaprevir nor danoprevir. These results suggest that caffeic acid n-octyl ester is a potential candidate for novel anti-HCV chemotherapy drugs.
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Rusnati M, Chiodelli P, Bugatti A, Urbinati C. Bridging the past and the future of virology: surface plasmon resonance as a powerful tool to investigate virus/host interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:238-60. [PMID: 24059853 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.826177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of antiviral drug research and development, viruses still remain a top global healthcare problem. Compared to eukaryotic cells, viruses are composed by a limited numbers of proteins that, nevertheless, set up multiple interactions with cellular components, allowing the virus to take control of the infected cell. Each virus/host interaction can be considered as a therapeutical target for new antiviral drugs but, unfortunately, the systematic study of a so huge number of interactions is time-consuming and expensive, calling for models overcoming these drawbacks. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free optical technique to study biomolecular interactions in real time by detecting reflected light from a prism-gold film interface. Launched 20 years ago, SPR has become a nearly irreplaceable technology for the study of biomolecular interactions. Accordingly, SPR is increasingly used in the field of virology, spanning from the study of biological interactions to the identification of putative antiviral drugs. From the literature available, SPR emerges as an ideal link between conventional biological experimentation and system biology studies functional to the identification of highly connected viral or host proteins that act as nodal points in virus life cycle and thus considerable as therapeutical targets for the development of innovative antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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Lipid droplet-binding protein TIP47 regulates hepatitis C Virus RNA replication through interaction with the viral NS5A protein. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003302. [PMID: 23593007 PMCID: PMC3623766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonstructural protein NS5A has emerged as a new drug target in antiviral therapies for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. NS5A is critically involved in viral RNA replication that takes place at newly formed membranes within the endoplasmic reticulum (membranous web) and assists viral assembly in the close vicinity of lipid droplets (LDs). To identify host proteins that interact with NS5A, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with the N-terminus of NS5A (amino acids 1–31), a well-studied α-helical domain important for the membrane tethering of NS5A. Our studies identified the LD-associated host protein, Tail-Interacting Protein 47 (TIP47) as a novel NS5A interaction partner. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments in Huh7 hepatoma cells confirmed the interaction of TIP47 with full-length NS5A. shRNA-mediated knockdown of TIP47 caused a more than 10-fold decrease in the propagation of full-length infectious HCV in Huh7.5 hepatoma cells. A similar reduction was observed when TIP47 was knocked down in cells harboring an autonomously replicating HCV RNA (subgenomic replicon), indicating that TIP47 is required for efficient HCV RNA replication. A single point mutation (W9A) in NS5A that disrupts the interaction with TIP47 but preserves proper subcellular localization severely decreased HCV RNA replication. In biochemical membrane flotation assays, TIP47 cofractionated with HCV NS3, NS5A, NS5B proteins, and viral RNA, and together with nonstructural viral proteins was uniquely distributed to lower-density LD-rich membrane fractions in cells actively replicating HCV RNA. Collectively, our data support a model where TIP47—via its interaction with NS5A—serves as a novel cofactor for HCV infection possibly by integrating LD membranes into the membranous web. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and is an enveloped, positive, single-stranded RNA virus containing a 9.6 kb genome. Plus-strand RNA viruses induce a highly regulated process of membrane rearrangements and novel vesicle formation in infected cells (the “membranous web” for HCV) to create a suitable environment for RNA replication as well as for the assembly and release of new virions. HCV assembly occurs close to lipid droplets (LDs), cell organelles involved in fat storage and utilization. The viral non-structural protein NS5A plays a critical role in both viral RNA replication that occurs within the membranous web and viral assembly at LDs. We identified the host protein TIP47 as a novel host interaction partner for NS5A. TIP47 is a LD-binding protein also known to function as cargo in late-endosome-to-Golgi vesicular transport. Our data support a model where the recruitment of TIP47 by NS5A is required for viral RNA replication, indicating that LDs play a previously unrecognized role not only in viral assembly but also in RNA replication.
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Inhibition of both protease and helicase activities of hepatitis C virus NS3 by an ethyl acetate extract of marine sponge Amphimedon sp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48685. [PMID: 23144928 PMCID: PMC3492463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with ribavirin, interferon, and viral protease inhibitors could be expected to elicit a high level of sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, several severe side effects of this combination therapy have been encountered in clinical trials. In order to develop more effective and safer anti-HCV compounds, we employed the replicon systems derived from several strains of HCV to screen 84 extracts from 54 organisms that were gathered from the sea surrounding Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The ethyl acetate-soluble extract that was prepared from marine sponge Amphimedon sp. showed the highest inhibitory effect on viral replication, with EC₅₀ values of 1.5 and 24.9 µg/ml in sub-genomic replicon cell lines derived from genotypes 1b and 2a, respectively. But the extract had no effect on interferon-inducing signaling or cytotoxicity. Treatment with the extract inhibited virus production by 30% relative to the control in the JFH1-Huh7 cell culture system. The in vitro enzymological assays revealed that treatment with the extract suppressed both helicase and protease activities of NS3 with IC₅₀ values of 18.9 and 10.9 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment with the extract of Amphimedon sp. inhibited RNA-binding ability but not ATPase activity. These results suggest that the novel compound(s) included in Amphimedon sp. can target the protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3.
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26
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Stehr M, Elamin AA, Singh M. Cytosolic lipid inclusions formed during infection by viral and bacterial pathogens. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:1227-37. [PMID: 22982567 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid inclusions play an important role in several pathological processes. Intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as members of the Mycobacterium and Chlamydia species are able to trigger the formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages. Lipid droplet accumulation in the host constitutes a reservoir used by the bacilli for long-term persistence. Viruses need lipid droplets as assembly platform. We present the current knowledge about structural, functional and regulatory aspects of lipid inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stehr
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Terahara K. Receptor usage and the pathogenesis in acute and chronic virus infections. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:289. [PMID: 23024639 PMCID: PMC3441196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
Owing to the tremendous effort from both academia and industry, drug development for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been flourishing, with a range of pipeline compounds at various stages of development. Although combination of the recently launched serine protease inhibitors will further improve the response rate of current interferon-based therapy, some intrinsic limitations of these compounds and the tendency of resistance development by the virus, urge the development of alternative or additional therapeutic strategies. In this article we provide an overview of different host and viral factors which have emerged as new potential targets for therapeutic intervention using state-of-the-art technologies.
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