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Discovery of novel whitefly vector proteins that interact with a virus capsid component mediating virion retention and transmission. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1154-1165. [PMID: 36427615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Specificity and efficiency of plant virus transmission depend largely on protein-protein interactions of vectors and viruses. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), transmitted specifically by tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in a semi-persistent manner, has caused serious damage on cucurbit and vegetable crops around the world. However, the molecular mechanism of interaction during CCYV retention and transmission are still lacking. CCYV was proven to bind particularly to the whitefly foregut, and here, we confirmed that the minor coat protein (CPm) of CCYV is participated in the interaction with the vector. In order to identify proteins of B. tabaci that interact directly with CPm of CCYV, the immunoprecipitation (IP) assay and DUALmembrane cDNA library screening technology were applied. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A (COX), tubulin beta chain (TUB) and keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9-like (KRT) of B. tabaci shown strong interactions with CPm and are closely associated with the retention within the vector and transmission of CCYV. These findings on whitefly protein-CCYV CPm interactions are crucial for a much better understanding the mechanism of semi-persistent plant virus transmission by insect vectors, as well as for implement new strategies for effective management of plant viruses and their vector insects.
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Ng JCK, Peng JHC, Chen AYS, Tian T, Zhou JS, Smith TJ. Plasticity of the lettuce infectious yellows virus minor coat protein (CPm) in mediating the foregut retention and transmission of a chimeric CPm mutant by whitefly vectors. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001652. [PMID: 34494949 PMCID: PMC8567426 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of the crinivirus, lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), is determined by a minor coat protein (CPm)-mediated virion retention mechanism located in the foregut of its whitefly vector. To better understand the functions of LIYV CPm, chimeric CPm mutants engineered with different lengths of the LIYV CPm amino acid sequence and that of the crinivirus, lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), were constructed based on bioinformatics and sequence alignment data. The 485 amino acid-long chimeric CPm of LIYV mutant, CPmP-1, contains 60 % (from position 3 to 294) of LCV CPm amino acids. The chimeric CPm of mutants CPmP-2, CPmP-3 and CPmP-4 contains 46 (position 3 to 208), 51 (position 3 to 238) and 41 % (position 261 to 442) of LCV CPm amino acids, respectively. All four mutants moved systemically, expressed the chimeric CPm and formed virus particles. However, following acquisition feeding of the virus preparations, only CPmP-1 was retained in the foreguts of a significant number of vectors and transmitted. In immuno-gold labelling transmission electron microscopy (IGL-TEM) analysis, CPmP-1 particles were distinctly labelled by antibodies directed against the LCV but not LIYV CPm. In contrast, CPmP-4 particles were not labelled by antibodies directed against the LCV or LIYV CPm, while CPmP-2 and -3 particles were weakly labelled by anti-LIYV CPm but not anti-LCV CPm antibodies. The unique antibody recognition and binding pattern of CPmP-1 was also displayed in the foreguts of whitefly vectors that fed on CPmP-1 virions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the chimeric CPm of CPmP-1 is incorporated into functional virions, with the LCV CPm region being potentially exposed on the surface and accessible to anti-LCV CPm antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. K. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - James H. C. Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Angel Y. S. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tongyan Tian
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA
| | - Jaclyn S. Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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Chen AYS, Zhou JS, Liu JX, Ng JCK. Nuances of Whitefly Vector-Crinivirus Interactions Revealed in the Foregut Retention and Transmission of Lettuce Chlorosis Virus by Two Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081578. [PMID: 34452445 PMCID: PMC8402701 DOI: 10.3390/v13081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce infectious yellows virus is the first crinivirus for which the retention of purified virions ingested into the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci New World (NW)) vector's foregut, has been demonstrated to be a requisite for successful virus transmission. This key finding supports the hypothesis that the determinant of foregut retention and transmission is present on the virion itself. However, whether this is also true for other criniviruses has not been established. Here, we provide evidence that lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) acquired from plants is retained in the foreguts of both the B. tabaci NW and Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) vector species and transmitted upon inoculation feeding. An association between foregut retention and transmission by NW vectors is also observed following the acquisition and inoculation feeding of LCV virions purified using a standard procedure involving 2% or 4% (v/v) Triton™ X-100 (TX-100). However, while virions purified with 2% or 4% TX-100 are also retained in the foreguts of MEAM1 vectors, transmission is observed with the 4% TX-100-purified virions or when more vectors are used for acquisition and inoculation feeding. These results suggest that an intrinsic difference exists between NW and MEAM1 vectors in their interactions with, and transmission of, LCV virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Y. S. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.Y.S.C.); (J.S.Z.)
| | - Jaclyn S. Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.Y.S.C.); (J.S.Z.)
| | - Jin-Xiang Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China;
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100080, China
| | - James C. K. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.Y.S.C.); (J.S.Z.)
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(951)-827-4239
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Öztürk M, Önal C, Ba NM. Critical F129 and L138 in loop III of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inLactobacillus plantarumB14 are essential for the catalytic activity and substrate specificity. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2019.1673172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Cansu Önal
- Department of Biology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ndeye M. Ba
- Enstitute of Natural Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Mo L, Jin H, Pan L, Hou Q, Li C, Darima I, Zhang H, Yu J. Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk products in Xinjiang, China. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2019.1574230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Chuanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Iaptueva Darima
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China
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Zhang JA, Liu J, Wu HJ, Xu Y, Si CC, Zhou BR, Luo D. The effects of Antimicrobial Peptides and Hyaluronic Acid compound mask on wound healing after ablative fractional Carbon Dioxide laser resurfacing. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 21:217-224. [PMID: 30198801 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1516886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-an Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-jin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-cheng Si
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhou JS, Chen AYS, Drucker M, Lopez NH, Carpenter A, Ng JCK. Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:1079-1092. [PMID: 28677320 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary pH on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding behavior and release of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) virions retained in the vector's foregut. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ significantly in pH (4, 7.4, and 9) adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion-free artificial (clearing) diets. Immunofluorescent localization analyses indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%-24% of vectors after they fed on each of the 3 pH-adjusted clearing diets. When RNA preparations from the clearing diets were analyzed by reverse transcription (RT) nested-PCR and, in some cases, real-time qPCR, successful amplification of LIYV-specific sequence was infrequent but consistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH-dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH-adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIYV to virus-free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by whitefly vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Angel Y S Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Martin Drucker
- INRA, UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - James C K Ng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Li J, Liang X, Wang X, Shi Y, Gu Q, Kuo YW, Falk BW, Yan F. Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus by a whitefly vector. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36604. [PMID: 27812032 PMCID: PMC5095664 DOI: 10.1038/srep36604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is an emerging plant virus, and is now spreading and causing severe economic losses to cucurbit crops in many Asian countries. CCYV is believed to be transmitted specifically by the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in a semipersistent manner. In the present study, we provide direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of CCYV by Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species of B. tabaci complex. We investigated CCYV transmission characteristics, and immunofluorescently labeled and localized the virus retention site within the vector by laser confocal microscopy. Whiteflies required ≥1 h of acquisition access period (AAP) to successfully acquire CCYV, and the proportion of RT-PCR positive whitefly individuals reached to 100% at 48 h of AAP. CCYV virons could be retained within vectors as long as 12 d, but the proportion of RT-PCR positive whiteflies dropped to 55% by 3 d. Groups of thirty whiteflies given a 24 h of inoculation access period (IAP) to inoculate CCYV on cucumber plants showed a transmission efficiency rate of 72.73%. The retention site of CCYV virons was located in the foregut of virion-fed vectors. These results definitely indicated the semipersistent transmission mode of CCYV by B. tabaci MED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiangzhi Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450009, China
| | - Yen-Wen Kuo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8600, USA
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8600, USA
| | - Fengming Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Minor Coat and Heat Shock Proteins Are Involved in the Binding of Citrus Tristeza Virus to the Foregut of Its Aphid Vector, Toxoptera citricida. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6294-6302. [PMID: 27520823 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01914-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector transmission is a critical stage in the viral life cycle, yet for most plant viruses how they interact with their vector is unknown or is explained by analogy with previously described relatives. Here we examined the mechanism underlying the transmission of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by its aphid vector, Toxoptera citricida, with the objective of identifying what virus-encoded proteins it uses to interact with the vector. Using fluorescently labeled virions, we demonstrated that CTV binds specifically to the lining of the cibarium of the aphid. Through in vitro competitive binding assays between fluorescent virions and free viral proteins, we determined that the minor coat protein is involved in vector interaction. We also found that the presence of two heat shock-like proteins, p61 and p65, reduces virion binding in vitro Additionally, treating the dissected mouthparts with proteases did not affect the binding of CTV virions. In contrast, chitinase treatment reduced CTV binding to the foregut. Finally, competition with glucose, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine, chitobiose, and chitotriose reduced the binding. These findings together suggest that CTV binds to the sugar moieties of the cuticular surface of the aphid cibarium, and the binding involves the concerted activity of three virus-encoded proteins. IMPORTANCE Limited information is known about the specific interactions between citrus tristeza virus and its aphid vectors. These interactions are important for the process of successful transmission. In this study, we localized the CTV retention site as the cibarium of the aphid foregut. Moreover, we demonstrated that the nature of these interactions is protein-carbohydrate binding. The viral proteins, including the minor coat protein and two heat shock proteins, bind to sugar moieties on the surface of the foregut. These findings will help in understanding the transmission mechanism of CTV by the aphid vector and may help in developing control strategies which interfere with the CTV binding to its insect vector to block the transmission.
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Owen CA, Moukarzel R, Huang X, Kassem MA, Eliasco E, Aranda MA, Coutts RHA, Livieratos IC. In Vitro Synthesized RNA Generated from cDNA Clones of Both Genomic Components of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Replicates in Cucumber Protoplasts. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060170. [PMID: 27314380 PMCID: PMC4926190 DOI: 10.3390/v8060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), a bipartite whitefly-transmitted virus, constitutes a major threat to commercial cucurbit production worldwide. Here, construction of full-length CYSDV RNA1 and RNA2 cDNA clones allowed the in vitro synthesis of RNA transcripts able to replicate in cucumber protoplasts. CYSDV RNA1 proved competent for replication; transcription of both polarities of the genomic RNA was detectable 24 h post inoculation. Hybridization of total RNA extracted from transfected protoplasts or from naturally CYSDV-infected cucurbits revealed high-level transcription of the p22 subgenomic RNA species. Replication of CYSDV RNA2 following co-transfection with RNA1 was also observed, with similar transcription kinetics. A CYSDV RNA2 cDNA clone (T3CM8Δ) comprising the 5′- and 3′-UTRs plus the 3′-terminal gene, generated a 2.8 kb RNA able to replicate to high levels in protoplasts in the presence of CYSDV RNA1. The clone T3CM8Δ will facilitate reverse genetics studies of CYSDV gene function and RNA replication determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Owen
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsylio Agrokepio, Chania GR-73100, Greece.
| | - Romy Moukarzel
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsylio Agrokepio, Chania GR-73100, Greece.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mona A Kassem
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Eleonora Eliasco
- Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Ioannis C Livieratos
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsylio Agrokepio, Chania GR-73100, Greece.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of IFN-antiviral activity against HIV infection dates from the first years of the AIDS epidemic. Recombinant IFN had an inhibitory effect on HIV and was not toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and this finding was the basis for the design of clinical trials that evaluated the potential role of IFN-alpha as an inhibitor of HIV replication. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the history of IFN-alpha in the treatment of HIV infection with reviews of studies performed in different clinical settings; in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, as part of a structured treatment interruption (STI) strategy, in acute HIV infection, as part of salvage therapy, and eliminating the HIV reservoir. EXPERT OPINION The role of IFN-alpha has been dismissed in the area of HIV therapy. For this reason, with the advent of HAART, which substantially reduced mortality and the appearance of AIDS, IFN-alpha ceased to be used as an antiretroviral agent in different strategies. In contrast, because of the promising results achieved with IFN-alpha therapy in eliminating the HIV viral reservoir, this may constitute the main research field for IFN-alpha in the HIV setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Mario Frias
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
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Kubota K, Ng JCK. Lettuce chlorosis virus P23 Suppresses RNA Silencing and Induces Local Necrosis with Increased Severity at Raised Temperatures. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:653-62. [PMID: 26828232 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-15-0219-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing functions as an antivirus defense strategy in plants, one that plant viruses counter by producing viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). VSRs have been identified in three members of the genus Crinivirus but they do not all share identical suppression mechanisms. Here, we used Agrobacterium co-infiltration assays to investigate the suppressor activity of proteins encoded by Lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV). Of 7 LCV proteins (1b, P23, HSP70 homolog, P60, CP, CPm, and P27) tested for the suppression of silencing of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana plants, only P23 suppressed the onset of local silencing. Small-interfering (si)RNA accumulation was reduced in leaves co-infiltrated with P23, suggesting that P23 inhibited the accumulation or enhanced the degradation of siRNA. P23 also inhibited the cell-to-cell and systemic movement of RNA silencing in GFP-expressing transgenic N. benthamiana plants. Expression of P23 via agroinfiltration of N. benthamiana leaves induced local necrosis that increased in severity at elevated temperatures, a novelty given that a direct temperature effect on necrosis severity has not been reported for the other crinivirus VSRs. These results further affirm the sophistication of crinivirus VSRs in mediating the evasion of host's antiviral defenses and in symptom modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kubota
- First author: NARO Agricultural Research Center, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
| | - James C K Ng
- First author: NARO Agricultural Research Center, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan, and Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521; second author: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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13
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Ng JCK, Zhou JS. Insect vector-plant virus interactions associated with non-circulative, semi-persistent transmission: current perspectives and future challenges. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 15:48-55. [PMID: 26318639 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-circulative, semi-persistent (NCSP) mode of insect vector-mediated plant virus transmission is shaped by biological, molecular and mechanical interactions that take place across a continuum of processes involved in virion acquisition, retention and inoculation. Our understanding of the interactive roles of virus, insect vector, and plant associated with NCSP transmission is still evolving. Mechanisms exist that determine where and how virion acquisition (from the plant) and retention (in the insect vector) are achieved, with both processes being mediated by strategies involving viral capsid proteins, in some cases aided by non-capsid proteins. By contrast, mechanisms underlying virion inoculation (to the plant) remain poorly understood. Here, we review the established paradigms as well as fresh perspectives on the mechanisms of NCSP transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C K Ng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Jaclyn S Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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14
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Wan J, Zhou J, Zhao H, Wang M, Wei Z, Gao H, Wang Y, Cui H. Sonic hedgehog pathway contributes to gastric cancer cell growth and proliferation. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:53-9. [PMID: 24804165 PMCID: PMC3995118 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is commonly activated in gastrointestinal cancer. However, our understanding of the Shh pathway in gastric cancer remains limited. Here we examined the effects of cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the Shh signaling pathway, on cell growth and proliferation in gastric primary cancer cells GAM-016 and the MKN-45 cell line. The results showed that the Shh signaling molecules SHH, PTCH, SMO, GLI1, and GLI2 were intact and activated in both types of cells. Furthermore, we observed that cyclopamine inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. An in vivo study using NOD/SCID mouse xenografts demonstrated that cyclopamine significantly prevented tumor growth and development. Our study indicated that Shh signaling pathway could promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumor development, and blocking this pathway may be a potential strategy in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuanqin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
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15
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Flores R, Moreno P, Falk B, Martelli GP, Dawson WO. e-Book on Closteroviridae. Front Microbiol 2014; 4:411. [PMID: 24409172 PMCID: PMC3873501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Flores
- Plant Stress Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moreno
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bryce Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni P Martelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University Aldo Moro of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - William O Dawson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida Lake Alfred, FL, USA
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